CN104368761A - Heating and thermal insulation riser sleeve - Google Patents
Heating and thermal insulation riser sleeve Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104368761A CN104368761A CN201410657419.4A CN201410657419A CN104368761A CN 104368761 A CN104368761 A CN 104368761A CN 201410657419 A CN201410657419 A CN 201410657419A CN 104368761 A CN104368761 A CN 104368761A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- heating
- layer
- heat
- insulation layer
- heat preservation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
- B22C9/088—Feeder heads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
Abstract
The invention discloses a heating and thermal insulation riser sleeve, and belongs to the technical field of alloy casting. The heating and thermal insulation riser sleeve comprises a thermal insulation layer and a heating layer, wherein the heating layer is fit with the inner wall of the thermal insulation layer and consists of a plurality of heating bags, and each heating bag comprises a heating agent layer and a coating layer. According to the technical scheme, a heating agent of the heating layer is used for processing, long block-shaped heating bags are manufactured, and heating bags with different models and amount are selected to be adhered to the inner wall of the thermal insulation layer according to requirements so as to form a complete heating layer, and thus riser sleeves with different models can be used and are convenient to use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Alloys Casting technical field, relate to the foundry goods consecutive solidification technology in light-alloy casting, especially relate to a kind of heat preservation riser buss.
Background technology
In Foundry Production, in the casting solidification contraction phase, the normal rising head that adopts carries out feeding to foundry goods, and heat preservation emits the application of vocal imitation skill to be obtain the important technological measure of premium casting.Each producer producing casting auxiliary material is the needs adapting to casting industry development, have developed the insulating riser sleeve of various pattern, the patent of invention being 201220346420.1 as the patent No. discloses a kind of heat preservation two-layer equation riser buss, the patent No. be 201320390269.6 patent of invention disclose a kind of heat preservation riser buss, all by heat-insulation layer and heating layer are combined, make heat-insulation layer and heating layer acting in conjunction with simple structure, improve the feeding effect of foundry goods.
But, the heat preservation riser buss now commercially occurred is mostly the needs that meet foundry goods and steel-casting in enormous quantities, mo(u)lding line and specific aim exploitation, when in order to improve casting quality need to carry out foundry method improvement time, especially, when multi items, small lot foundry goods are manufactured experimently, improve and produced, the use flexibility of this kind of insulating riser sleeve and adaptability are restricted; In addition, because aluminium-magnesium alloy metacollid is wider, obstruction can be caused to feeding in alloy graining process, therefore need in actual process design and production with larger Riser Dimensions, thus the heat insulation effect of riser buss is had higher requirement, and heat preservation riser buss of the prior art is all for conventional cast design, very limited to the effect improving aluminium-magnesium alloy casting pressing port feeding effect.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem, for light-alloy casting features such as aluminium-magnesium alloys, the invention provides a kind of heat preservation riser buss, thus reach raising Alloys Casting feeding effect, and make it more flexible aborning, to adapt to the casting of different materials and riser buss model.
The present invention is achieved by following technical solution.
A kind of heat preservation riser buss, comprise heat-insulation layer and heating layer, described heating layer fits on heat-insulation layer inwall, and described heating layer is made up of some heating bags, and described heating handbag draws together heating oxidant layer and clad.
Further, described heating oxidant layer is binding agent, the potassium permanganate of 9 ~ 11 weight portions, the charcoal powder of 48 ~ 52 weight portions, the magnesium powder of 28 ~ 32 weight portions of employing 9 ~ 11 weight portion, fully mix in agitating device, grow up block by particular manufacturing craft compacting.
Further, the material of described heat-insulation layer is alumina-silicate ceramic fibre or calcium silicates ceramic fibre.
Further, described heating bag thickness is 5 ~ 8mm, and described insulation layer thickness is 9 ~ 11mm.
Further, the material of described clad is brown paper.
Further, described binding agent is food starch or lignin sulfonic acid calcium powder.
Further, described insulation layer thickness is 10mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
A kind of heat preservation riser buss of the present invention, by processing the exothermic mixture of heating layer, be made into the heating bag of long block shape, the heating bag of different model and quantity is selected to stick on heat-insulation layer inwall more as required, form complete heating layer, reach the riser buss that can adapt to different model, and effect easy to use; Meanwhile, the heating covering number that heating layer adopts can be determined as required, for ensureing larger-size riser heating and insulating effect, can suitably increase heating layer thickness as required, to improve the riser feeding effect of alloy-steel casting; In addition, because heating bag shape and structure is simple, manufacture craft is simple, is convenient to standardization and production line balance, is also convenient to transport and sells.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation wrapped that generates heat in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the sectional view wrapped that generates heat in the present invention;
Fig. 4 be adopt the present invention fill a prescription make monoblock type riser buss structural representation.
In figure: 1-heat-insulation layer, 2-heating layer, 3-generates heat bag, 301-clad, and 302-generates heat oxidant layer.
Detailed description of the invention
Technical scheme of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but described in claimed scope is not limited to.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows, a kind of heat preservation riser buss of the present invention, comprise heat-insulation layer 1 and heating layer 2, described heating layer 2 fits on heat-insulation layer 1 inwall, described heating layer 2 is made up of some heating bags 3, described heating bag 3 thickness is 5 ~ 8mm, comprises heating oxidant layer 302 and clad 301; The material of described heat-insulation layer 1 is alumina-silicate ceramic fibre or calcium silicates ceramic fibre, and heat-insulation layer 1 thickness is 9 ~ 11mm; The material of described clad 301 is brown paper.
Described heating oxidant layer 302 is binding agent, the potassium permanganate of 9 ~ 11 weight portions, the charcoal powder of 48 ~ 52 weight portions, the magnesium powder of 28 ~ 32 weight portions of employing 9 ~ 11 weight portion, fully mixes in agitating device, grows up block by particular manufacturing craft compacting; Described binding agent is food starch or lignin sulfonic acid calcium powder.
Embodiment one
A kind of heat preservation riser buss, comprise heat-insulation layer 1 and heating layer 2, described heating layer 2 is made up of some heating bags 3, described heating bag 3 comprises again heating oxidant layer 302 and clad 301, described heating oxidant layer 302 is food starch or the lignin sulfonic acid calcium powder of 9 weight portions, the potassium permanganate of 11 weight portions, flat is pressed into after the charcoal powder of 48 weight portions and the magnesium powder of 32 weight portions fully mix, thickness is the long block heating bag of 5mm ~ 8mm, different according to the rising head model used, heat-insulation layer 1 model is also different, exothermic mixture can be pressed into all size, with brown paper wrap make heating bag 3 for subsequent use, described heat-insulation layer 1 adopts the flame-proof thermal insulation material such as calcium silicates or alumina-silicate ceramic fibre to make.The insulation base material of heat-insulation layer 1 is placed in casting mould cap mouth in advance, after treating casting mold cleaning baking, with sticky cream, the heating bag 3 of corresponding model is pasted onto insulating riser sleeve heat-insulation layer 1 inwall successively, it is made circumferentially to distribute, general heat-insulation layer 1 thickness is 10mm, the thickness of heating layer 2 then can according to actual conditions paste 2 layers even multilayer heating bag 3 satisfy the demand, to ensure its heating effect.During use, when the alloy molten metal liquid of high temperature fills mould from casting port position, the potassium permanganate in riser buss place heating layer is heated releasing oxygen, and charcoal powder is ignited under oxygen and hot conditions, charcoal powder ignites magnesium powder, the burning of magnesium powder discharges a large amount of heat, up to more than 2000 DEG C, can reach the good result of heating, and efficiently solve that light-alloy sand-cast is loose, shrinkage cavity defect, improve casting compactness, save energy and reduce the cost simultaneously, reduce production cost.
When multi items, small lot foundry goods are manufactured experimently, improve and produced, also by selecting the heating bag 3 of different model to combine, assemble rapidly the riser buss of different heat agent consumption, so that Contrast on effect is carried out in small lot trial-production.
Embodiment two
A kind of heat preservation riser buss, comprise heat-insulation layer 1 and heating layer 2, described heating layer 2 is made up of some heating bags 3, described heating bag 3 comprises again heating oxidant layer 302 and clad 301, described heating oxidant layer 302 is food starch or the lignin sulfonic acid calcium powder of 11 weight portions, the potassium permanganate of 9 weight portions, flat is pressed into after the charcoal powder of 52 weight portions and the magnesium powder of 28 weight portions fully mix, thickness is the long block heating bag of 5mm ~ 8mm, different according to the rising head model used, heat-insulation layer 1 model is also different, exothermic mixture can be pressed into all size, with brown paper wrap make heating bag 3 for subsequent use, described heat-insulation layer 1 adopts the flame-proof thermal insulation material such as calcium silicates or alumina-silicate ceramic fibre to make.The insulation base material of heat-insulation layer 1 is placed in casting mould cap mouth in advance, after treating casting mold cleaning baking, with sticky cream, the heating bag 3 of corresponding model is pasted onto insulating riser sleeve heat-insulation layer 1 inwall successively, it is made circumferentially to distribute, general heat-insulation layer 1 thickness is 10mm, the thickness of heating layer 2 then can according to actual conditions paste 2 layers even multilayer heating bag 3 satisfy the demand, to ensure its heating effect.During use, when the alloy molten metal liquid of high temperature fills mould from casting port position, the potassium permanganate in riser buss place heating layer is heated releasing oxygen, and charcoal powder is ignited under oxygen and hot conditions, charcoal powder ignites magnesium powder, the burning of magnesium powder discharges a large amount of heat, up to more than 2000 DEG C, can reach the good result of heating, and efficiently solve that light-alloy sand-cast is loose, shrinkage cavity defect, improve casting compactness, save energy and reduce the cost simultaneously, reduce production cost.
When multi items, small lot foundry goods are manufactured experimently, improve and produced, also by selecting the heating bag 3 of different model to combine, assemble rapidly the riser buss of different heat agent consumption, so that Contrast on effect is carried out in small lot trial-production.
Embodiment three
A kind of heat preservation riser buss, comprise heat-insulation layer 1 and heating layer 2, described heating layer 2 is made up of some heating bags 3, described heating bag 3 comprises again heating oxidant layer 302 and clad 301, described heating oxidant layer 302 is food starch or the lignin sulfonic acid calcium powder of 10 weight portions, the potassium permanganate of 10 weight portions, flat is pressed into after the charcoal powder of 50 weight portions and the magnesium powder of 30 weight portions fully mix, thickness is the long block heating bag of 5mm ~ 8mm, different according to the rising head model used, heat-insulation layer 1 model is also different, exothermic mixture can be pressed into all size, with brown paper wrap make heating bag 3 for subsequent use, described heat-insulation layer 1 adopts the flame-proof thermal insulation material such as calcium silicates or alumina-silicate ceramic fibre to make.The insulation base material of heat-insulation layer 1 is placed in casting mould cap mouth in advance, after treating casting mold cleaning baking, with sticky cream, the heating bag 3 of corresponding model is pasted onto insulating riser sleeve heat-insulation layer 1 inwall successively, it is made circumferentially to distribute, general heat-insulation layer 1 thickness is 10mm, the thickness of heating layer 2 then can according to actual conditions paste 2 layers even multilayer heating bag 3 satisfy the demand, to ensure its heating effect.During use, when the alloy molten metal liquid of high temperature fills mould from casting port position, the potassium permanganate in riser buss place heating layer is heated releasing oxygen, and charcoal powder is ignited under oxygen and hot conditions, charcoal powder ignites magnesium powder, the burning of magnesium powder discharges a large amount of heat, up to more than 2000 DEG C, can reach the good result of heating, and efficiently solve that light-alloy sand-cast is loose, shrinkage cavity defect, improve casting compactness, save energy and reduce the cost simultaneously, reduce production cost.
When multi items, small lot foundry goods are manufactured experimently, improve and produced, also by selecting the heating bag 3 of different model to combine, assemble rapidly the riser buss of different heat agent consumption, so that Contrast on effect is carried out in small lot trial-production.
Embodiment four
As shown in Figure 4, a kind of heat preservation riser buss, comprise heat-insulation layer 1 and heating layer 2, and excessive layer 4 is increased on heating layer 2 inwall, described heat-insulation layer 1 adopts the flame-proof thermal insulation material such as calcium silicates or alumina-silicate ceramic fibre to make, described heating layer 2 adopts the magnesium powder of the food starch of 10 weight portions or lignin sulfonic acid calcium powder, the potassium permanganate of 10 weight portions, the charcoal powder of 50 weight portions and 30 weight portions fully to mix and is directly applied to heat-insulation layer 1 inwall afterwards, applied thickness 5 ~ 8mm, insulation layer thickness is 10mm; Described excessive layer 4 adopts the insulation material such as calcium silicates or alumina-silicate ceramic fibre paper to make, and excessive layer thickness is about 1mm, is adhered to by excessive layer 4 on heating layer 2 inwall, obtains complete riser buss.During use, when the alloy molten metal liquid of high temperature fills mould from casting port position, potassium permanganate in riser buss place heating layer is heated releasing oxygen, charcoal powder is ignited under oxygen and hot conditions, charcoal powder ignites magnesium powder, the burning of magnesium powder discharges a large amount of heat, up to more than 2000 DEG C, can reach the good result of heating.
Adopting the heat preservation rising head produced in this way is an all-in-one-piece riser buss, can design insulation layer thickness as required, but is difficult to the rising head casting adapting to Multiple Type easily.
Claims (8)
1. a heat preservation riser buss, comprise heat-insulation layer (1) and heating layer (2), described heating layer (2) fits on heat-insulation layer (1) inwall, it is characterized in that: described heating layer (2) wraps (3) by some heatings and forms, described heating bag (3) comprises heating oxidant layer (302) and clad (301).
2. a kind of heat preservation riser buss according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the binding agent that described heating oxidant layer (302) is employing 9 ~ 11 weight portion, the potassium permanganate of 9 ~ 11 weight portions, the charcoal powder of 48 ~ 52 weight portions, the magnesium powder of 28 ~ 32 weight portions, fully mix in agitating device, grow up block by particular manufacturing craft compacting.
3. a kind of heat preservation riser buss according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the material of described heat-insulation layer (1) is alumina-silicate ceramic fibre or calcium silicates ceramic fibre.
4. a kind of heat preservation riser buss according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described heating bag (3) thickness is 5 ~ 8mm.
5. a kind of heat preservation riser buss according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the material of described clad (301) is brown paper.
6. a kind of heat preservation riser buss according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described heat-insulation layer (1) thickness is 9 ~ 11mm.
7. a kind of heat preservation riser buss according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described binding agent is food starch or lignin sulfonic acid calcium powder.
8. a kind of heat preservation riser buss according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described heat-insulation layer (1) thickness is 10mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410657419.4A CN104368761B (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2014-11-18 | A kind of heat preservation riser buss |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410657419.4A CN104368761B (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2014-11-18 | A kind of heat preservation riser buss |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104368761A true CN104368761A (en) | 2015-02-25 |
| CN104368761B CN104368761B (en) | 2016-08-31 |
Family
ID=52548102
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410657419.4A Active CN104368761B (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2014-11-18 | A kind of heat preservation riser buss |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104368761B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104741538A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-07-01 | 大唐山东电力检修运营有限公司 | Environment-friendly heat-preserving riser |
| CN105458181A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-04-06 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | Fiber riser knock-off core |
| CN105562609A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2016-05-11 | 江苏卡斯美特铸造科技有限公司 | Insulating riser and manufacture method thereof |
| CN105903906A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-08-31 | 长兴万顺保温材料有限公司 | High-toughness heating riser and preparation method thereof |
| CN105945228A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-09-21 | 长兴万顺保温材料有限公司 | Preparation method of high-durability, heat-insulation and exothermic riser |
| CN107159853A (en) * | 2017-05-14 | 2017-09-15 | 常州市奥普泰克光电科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of heat preservation rising head |
| CN110919818A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-27 | 王海江 | Low-temperature forming method for semi-solid slurry for producing casting head system |
| CN112808940A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-05-18 | 洛阳洛北重工机械有限公司 | Composite riser sleeve for feeding large steel casting |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6178553A (en) * | 1984-09-25 | 1986-04-22 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Method for controlling directional solidification by exothermic core |
| CN87216623U (en) * | 1987-12-11 | 1988-09-07 | 魏永梁 | Jacketed exothermic riser sleeve |
| CN1903481A (en) * | 2006-08-07 | 2007-01-31 | 济南圣泉集团股份有限公司 | Composite heating thermal-insulating pressing riser bush |
| CN2905267Y (en) * | 2006-03-14 | 2007-05-30 | 张敏 | Composite type heat-insulation heating casting head envelope structure |
| CN200939499Y (en) * | 2006-08-07 | 2007-08-29 | 济南圣泉集团股份有限公司 | Novel heating and warming riser sleeve |
| CN102836973A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2012-12-26 | 霍山县东胜铸造材料有限公司 | Preparation method for heating heat-insulating riser sleeve |
-
2014
- 2014-11-18 CN CN201410657419.4A patent/CN104368761B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6178553A (en) * | 1984-09-25 | 1986-04-22 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Method for controlling directional solidification by exothermic core |
| CN87216623U (en) * | 1987-12-11 | 1988-09-07 | 魏永梁 | Jacketed exothermic riser sleeve |
| CN2905267Y (en) * | 2006-03-14 | 2007-05-30 | 张敏 | Composite type heat-insulation heating casting head envelope structure |
| CN1903481A (en) * | 2006-08-07 | 2007-01-31 | 济南圣泉集团股份有限公司 | Composite heating thermal-insulating pressing riser bush |
| CN200939499Y (en) * | 2006-08-07 | 2007-08-29 | 济南圣泉集团股份有限公司 | Novel heating and warming riser sleeve |
| CN102836973A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2012-12-26 | 霍山县东胜铸造材料有限公司 | Preparation method for heating heat-insulating riser sleeve |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104741538A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-07-01 | 大唐山东电力检修运营有限公司 | Environment-friendly heat-preserving riser |
| CN105562609A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2016-05-11 | 江苏卡斯美特铸造科技有限公司 | Insulating riser and manufacture method thereof |
| CN105458181A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-04-06 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | Fiber riser knock-off core |
| CN105458181B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-02-16 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | Fiber riser pad |
| CN105903906A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-08-31 | 长兴万顺保温材料有限公司 | High-toughness heating riser and preparation method thereof |
| CN105945228A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-09-21 | 长兴万顺保温材料有限公司 | Preparation method of high-durability, heat-insulation and exothermic riser |
| CN105903906B (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2019-01-08 | 浙江品创知识产权服务有限公司 | A kind of high tenacity exothermic riser and preparation method thereof |
| CN107159853A (en) * | 2017-05-14 | 2017-09-15 | 常州市奥普泰克光电科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of heat preservation rising head |
| CN107159853B (en) * | 2017-05-14 | 2019-01-15 | 湖南省山力新材料有限责任公司 | A kind of preparation method of heat preservation riser |
| CN110919818A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-27 | 王海江 | Low-temperature forming method for semi-solid slurry for producing casting head system |
| CN112808940A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-05-18 | 洛阳洛北重工机械有限公司 | Composite riser sleeve for feeding large steel casting |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104368761B (en) | 2016-08-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104368761A (en) | Heating and thermal insulation riser sleeve | |
| CN103551512B (en) | Exothermic insulating riser sleeve and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102773412B (en) | Shell making method for deep blind hole of precision casting | |
| CN105057601B (en) | A kind of method of three-dimensional spray printing shape casting core | |
| CN108165859A (en) | A kind of SPS sintering methods of large scale soap-free emulsion polymeization phase pure WC hard alloy | |
| CN105414488B (en) | A kind of core-making method of turbine case runner core | |
| CN108015235A (en) | A kind of insulating and heating riser | |
| CN102935488A (en) | Shell filler assisting shell manufacture in investment casting and method filling shells by adopting filler | |
| CN102896278A (en) | Preparation method for hollow mold core having high temperature deformability and removability | |
| CN104999034B (en) | Casting method of large allowance-free pressure expander precise casting piece | |
| CN104209466A (en) | Production method of heat-producing insulating riser sleeve | |
| CN201300205Y (en) | Intelligent temperature-control sprue cup device | |
| CN101733394B (en) | Casting method of upright column of rolling mill | |
| CN103506576B (en) | A kind of production method preventing evaporative pattern casting deformation | |
| CN206588307U (en) | A kind of precoated sand typefounding core producing device | |
| CN106945167A (en) | A kind of preparation method of sandwich sheet | |
| CN109834220A (en) | A kind of aluminium alloy full form casting process | |
| CN105562609A (en) | Insulating riser and manufacture method thereof | |
| CN108115093A (en) | A kind of gypsum shell full form casting process based on composite sand mould loam core | |
| CN106623781A (en) | Novel fast wax mold forming process for statue casting | |
| CN105312502B (en) | A kind of preparation method of heat-resistance stainless steel | |
| CN108296446B (en) | Casting incubation riser of persistent fever and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107377879B (en) | A kind of model casting casting method | |
| CN104402460B (en) | Self-leveling insulating casting material used by thermopair parcel | |
| CN107716854A (en) | A kind of metal craft dry sand mold casting operation technique |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |