CN104368247A - Hydrophilic-underwater oleophobic polymer porous membrane, preparation method and applications thereof - Google Patents

Hydrophilic-underwater oleophobic polymer porous membrane, preparation method and applications thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104368247A
CN104368247A CN201310351517.0A CN201310351517A CN104368247A CN 104368247 A CN104368247 A CN 104368247A CN 201310351517 A CN201310351517 A CN 201310351517A CN 104368247 A CN104368247 A CN 104368247A
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hydrophilic
macromolecular
oleophobic
under water
water
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CN104368247B (en
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靳健
张文彬
张忠义
江雷
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BEIJING ERYUAN SHIJI TECHN Co Ltd
Suzhou Eryuan Shiji Nanotechnology Co Ltd
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BEIJING ERYUAN SHIJI TECHN Co Ltd
Suzhou Eryuan Shiji Nanotechnology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrophilic-underwater oleophobic polymer porous membrane, a preparation method and applications thereof. The hydrophilic-underwater oleophobic polymer porous membrane is a polymer matrix membrane. The membrane surface has a coarse micro-nano level porous structure. Nano level, micrometer level and/or sub-micrometer level tunnels are distributed in the membrane. The static contact angle between the membrane and water is less than 10 degrees, and the underwater static contact angle between the membrane and oil is greater than 130 degrees. The provided membrane can be used to separate and purify oil-water mixture and emulsified oil-water generated by chemical engineering production, daily life, crude oil leakage accidents, and the like, and has a very important application value and wide application range.

Description

Hydrophilic-high-molecular porous the film of oleophobic, its preparation method and application under water
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of material technology, particularly a kind of hydrophilic-the high-molecular porous film of oleophobic, its preparation method and application under water.
Background technology
A lot of industry and enterprise such as leather, petrochemical industry, smelting, food processing etc. can produce a large amount of emulsifiable oil waste waters (significant proportion is oil-in-water emulsified waste water) in process of production, this kind of waste component is complicated, COD value is high, serious harm water body environment and human health, therefore must carry out isolation of purified to emulsifiable oil waste water, make it reach discharge standard.But adopt traditional treatment method as centrifugal process, ultrasonic method, By Bubble-floating Method, coagulation method, oxidizing process etc., separating effect and efficiency are all lower, and may produce secondary pollution.Membrane separation technique energy consumption is low, separative efficiency is high, do not have secondary pollution, in the last few years progressively for the isolation of purified of emulsifiable oil waste water.
But, when using membrane separation technique process emulsification profit, because film surface contamination and concentration polarization very easily cause diffusion barrier duct to block, flux and separative efficiency being declined fast, are difficult to meet actual requirement.For solving the problem that in emulsification profit, kinds of ingredients (comprising oil content, surfactant, auxiliary agent etc.) causes separative efficiency to decline at diffusion barrier adsorption fouling, researcher carries out hydrophilic modifying to diffusion barrier, as grafting functional group, with blended, the surface self-organization of hydrophilic substance, hydrophilic-hydrophobic block copolymerization etc., but antipollution effect is unsatisfactory.In recent years, there is special infiltrating diffusion barrier and be subject to extensive concern.But having special infiltrating diffusion barrier at present can only be separated the oil slick of the particle diameter in oil slick waste water system comparatively large (being generally greater than 20 microns), and can not the less oil emulsion of particle separation diameter.Meanwhile, this kind of diffusion barrier intensity is also poor, also becomes one of factor limiting its extensive use.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem, the invention provides a kind of hydrophilic-the high-molecular porous film its preparation method of oleophobic and application under water.This high-molecular porous film to have water infiltration speed soon, the not easily characteristic such as pollution, with the oil hydrosol of nano-scale emulsion droplets to oil water mixture and containing micron all there is higher separative efficiency and be separated flux, and its preparation method is easy, the preparation of cost of manufacture low, applicable large area batch.
For achieving the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A kind of hydrophilic-under water oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane be macromolecular material matrix membrane, film surface has the porous coarse structure of micro-nano size, inside is distributed with nanoscale, micron order and/or submicron order duct, wherein this is hydrophilic-under water the static contact angle of oleophobic macromolecular porous film surface to water be less than 10 °, under water 130 ° are greater than to the static contact angle of oil.
One of preferably, optional any one in Kynoar, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and polyether sulfone of described macromolecular material; Described macromolecular material grafting hydrophilic functional group comprises polyacrylic acid and derivative thereof, gathers N-ethyl acetamide, polymethacrylates, polystyrene-b-polyacrylic acid, polysulfonate (ester).
As mentioned above hydrophilic-under water the preparation method of oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane comprise:
Macromolecular material is dissolved in organic solvent and prepares macromolecule material solution;
Described Polymer Solution is transferred to substrate surface carry out sprawling or direct fabrics shaping;
The inversion of phases of being induced by salts substances obtains hydrophilic-oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane under water.
One of preferably, the concentration of described macromolecule material solution is 0.05 ~ 40 % by weight.
One of preferably, the method for the inversion of phases of described salts substances induction is that inversion of phases is carried out in the coagulating bath that substrate by surface being had polymeric membrane is placed in described salts substances.
Wherein, the concentration of described salts substances is preferably 1 ~ 50 % by weight.
One of preferably, described Polymer Solution is transferred to the method that substrate surface carries out sprawling or direct fabrics are shaping to be hollow fiber spinning, to get rid of embrane method, coating method, note embrane method or scrape embrane method.
One of preferably, described salts substances can be selected from inorganic salts, as potassium nitrate, copper chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate; Organic salt, as sodium acetate, Sodium Benzoate, tributyl ammonium nitrate, N-alkyl pyridine hydrochloride, the just own ammonium of tetrafluoro boric acid four.
As mentioned above hydrophilic-under water oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane may be used for water-oil separating.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is: the inversion of phases of being induced by salts substances obtained hydrophilic-under water oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane there is nanometer, micron and/or submicron order duct, the efficient separation to emulsification profit can be realized.The invention solves common polymeric membrane for separation hydrophily poor, easily by adsorption fouling with have the larger problem in the diffusion barrier aperture of special wetting property, there is higher separative efficiency and flux, and its preparation technology operation is simple, can be applicable to prepare the large area perforated membrane that thickness is controlled, uniform ground has higher force intensity simultaneously.Of the present invention hydrophilic-under water oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane can be used for oil water mixture that abstraction and purification process Chemical Manufacture, daily life, oil spill disaster etc. produce and emulsification profit, there is important using value and application widely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be in embodiment 1 hydrophilic-optical photograph of oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane under water;
Fig. 2 be in embodiment 1 hydrophilic-under water oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane water static contact angle is ~ 0 °;
Fig. 3 be in embodiment 1 hydrophilic-under water oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane under water to oil (dichloroethanes) static contact angle be 150 °;
Fig. 4 be in embodiment 1 hydrophilic-under water oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane SEM figure.
Detailed description of the invention
Consider that polymeric membrane hydrophily is poor, the easy problem such as pollutions, the present inventor through studying for a long period of time and putting into practice, the inversion of phases technique adopting salts substances to induce obtain of the present invention hydrophilic-oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane under water.This high-molecular porous film surface has the porous coarse structure of micro/nano level size and has nanoscale, micron and/or submicron order duct in this high-molecular porous film, wherein this is hydrophilic-under water the static contact angle of oleophobic macromolecular porous film surface to water be less than 10 °, be greater than 130 ° to the static contact angle of oil under water, this perforated membrane has very high separative efficiency (water-oil separating efficiency is generally more than 99%) to oil water mixture.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, perforated membrane of the present invention is polymer-based plasma membrane.
Wherein, the material of described high-molecular porous film is including, but not limited to Kynoar, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene or polyether sulfone etc.Described macromolecular material grafting hydrophilic functional group is including, but not limited to polyacrylic acid and derivative thereof, poly-N-ethyl acetamide, polymethacrylates, polystyrene-b-polyacrylic acid, polysulfonate (ester).Described salts substances includes but not limited to inorganic salts, as potassium nitrate, copper chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate; Organic salt, as sodium acetate, Sodium Benzoate, tributyl ammonium nitrate, N-alkyl pyridine hydrochloride, the just own ammonium of tetrafluoro boric acid four.
Of the present invention hydrophilic-under water the preparation method of oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane comprise:
Macromolecular material is dissolved in organic solvent and prepares Polymer Solution;
Described Polymer Solution is transferred to substrate surface carry out sprawling or direct fabrics shaping;
The inversion of phases of being induced by salts substances obtains hydrophilic-oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane under water.
Further, obviously, based on the foregoing teachings of this description, those skilled in the art can expect kind, concentration (or ratio) by controlling macromolecular material and salts substances easily, Polymer Solution consumption and extension area, and then prepare the film of varying strength, thickness and area, use the needs meeting practical application.
Such as, as the preferred embodiment that this is bright, in mixed solution, macromolecular material concentration can be 0.05 ~ 40 % by weight, and described macromolecular material grafting hydrophilic functional group comprises polyacrylic acid and derivative, poly-N-ethyl acetamide, polymethacrylates, polystyrene-b-polyacrylic acid, polysulfonate (ester) etc.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, hydrophilic-under water the preparation method of oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane comprise following concrete steps:
Target macromolecule is dissolved in organic solvent and prepares Polymer Solution;
Target salts substances is dissolved in coagulating bath;
By Polymer Solution substrate surface carry out sprawling or direct fabrics shaping;
Then be placed in the coagulating bath being dissolved with target salts substances and carry out inversion of phases, dry, obtain hydrophilic-oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane under water.
Polymer Solution is comprised hollow fiber spinning in the method that substrate surface carries out sprawling or direct fabrics are shaping, gets rid of embrane method, coating method, note embrane method and scrape embrane method.
Of the present invention hydrophilic-under water oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane be applied to the field such as filtration & separation of industrial water-oil separating and purifying, organic liquid/aqueous systems, but to be not limited thereto.
Below in conjunction with some preferred embodiments and comparative example, technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
Taking Kynoar (PVDF, grafted polyacrylic acid, percent grafting 7.1 % by weight) is dissolved in 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP), preparation 10ml0.05g/ml solution, and is stirred to evenly.Accurately taking sodium acetate is dissolved in pure water, preparation 15 % by weight coagulating baths.By gained Polymer Solution after the glass baseplate surface cleaned in advance carries out knifing, proceed to coagulating bath and carry out inversion of phases.Then taken out from coagulating bath by film, drying at room temperature, obtain hydrophilic-oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane under water, Fig. 4 consulted by its surface texture, and its contact angle for water is 0 ° (consulting Fig. 2), and oil (dichloroethanes) contact angle is 150 ° (consulting Fig. 3) under water.
Embodiment 2
Taking polyether sulfone (PES, grafting gathers sodium sulfonate, percent grafting 8.0 % by weight) is dissolved in dimethylacetylamide (DMAc), and preparation 200ml0.17g/ml solution, stirs and ultrasonic deaeration.Accurately take potassium nitrate soluble in water, preparation 10 % by weight coagulating baths.Be transferred to by gained Polymer Solution in the reactor of small hollow fiber spinning machine, Polymer Solution directly enters coagulating bath and carries out inversion of phases after spinning head is extruded.Then film is taken out from water-bath, 60 DEG C of oven dryings, obtain hydrophilic-oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane under water.
Embodiment 3
Taking polystyrene (PS, grafting polymethyl methacrylate, percent grafting 2.5 % by weight) is dissolved in dimethyl formamide (DMF), preparation 10ml0.1g/ml solution, and is stirred to evenly.Accurately taking the just own ammonium of tetrafluoro boric acid four is dissolved in pure water, preparation 5 % by weight coagulating baths.By gained Polymer Solution after the glass baseplate surface cleaned in advance carries out film, proceed in coagulating bath and carry out inversion of phases.Then taken out from coagulating bath bath by film, drying at room temperature, obtains hydrophilic-oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane under water.
Comparative example 1
Taking Kynoar (PVDF, grafted polyacrylic acid, percent grafting 7.1 % by weight) is dissolved in 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP), preparation 10ml0.05g/ml homogeneous solution.Then, after glass baseplate surface carries out knifing, proceed in coagulating bath (pure water) and carry out inversion of phases.Finally taken out from coagulating bath by film, in drying at room temperature, namely secure satisfactory grades sub-diffusion barrier.
Comparative example 2
Taking polyether sulfone (PES, grafting gathers sodium sulfonate, percent grafting 8.0 % by weight) is dissolved in dimethylacetylamide (DMAc), and preparation 200ml0.17g/ml solution, stirs and ultrasonic deaeration.Be transferred to by gained Polymer Solution in the reactor of small hollow fiber spinning machine, Polymer Solution directly enters coagulating bath and carries out inversion of phases after spinning head is extruded.Then taken out from water-bath by film, 60 DEG C of oven dryings, namely secure satisfactory grades sub-diffusion barrier.
Application examples 1
The high-molecular porous film of Example 1-3 and the diffusion barrier of comparative example 1-2, carry out com-parison and analysis to their hydrophilicity, emulsion flux and separative efficiency.
This test condition is:
(1) testing emulsion is SDS/ hexadecane/aqueous systems, by SDS/ water by volume 1:99 mix, then add SDS and prepare uniform and stable emulsion (place 3 moonsets under normal temperature and occur precipitation).Use observation by light microscope, emulsion particle diameter is 2-5 micron.
(2) test pressure is respectively 0.1bar(embodiment 1-3), 1bar(comparative example 1-2).
(3) in filtrate, oil concentration adopts the test of TOC method.
Table 1 hydrophilicity compares
Water contact angle Oily contact angle under water
[0058]
Comparative example 1 62° 80°
Comparative example 2 88° 70°
Embodiment 1 140°
Embodiment 2 142°
Embodiment 3 139°
Table 2 separation of emulsions the performance test results
Water flux, Lm -2h -1 Oil concentration in filtrate, ppm
Comparative example 1 230 88
Comparative example 2 210 80
Embodiment 1 1030 50
Embodiment 2 1150 75
Embodiment 3 1220 65
Below be only embody rule example of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not constituted any limitation.The technical scheme that all employing equivalents or equivalence are replaced and formed, all drops within rights protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. hydrophilic-oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane under water, it is characterized in that, it is macromolecular material matrix membrane, film surface has the porous coarse structure of micro-nano size, inside is distributed with nanoscale, micron order and/or submicron order duct, wherein this is hydrophilic-under water the static contact angle of oleophobic macromolecular porous film surface to water be less than 10 °, under water 130 ° are greater than to the static contact angle of oil.
2. according to claim 1 hydrophilic-oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane under water, it is characterized in that, described macromolecular material be selected from Kynoar, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and polyether sulfone any one or a few.
3. according to claim 2 hydrophilic-oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane under water, it is characterized in that, the graft modification group of described macromolecular material comprises polyacrylic acid and derivative thereof, gathers N-ethyl acetamide, polymethacrylates, polystyrene-b-polyacrylic acid and polysulfonate (ester).
4. a preparation method for hydrophilic-oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane under water, comprising:
Macromolecular material is dissolved in organic solvent and prepares macromolecule material solution;
Described Polymer Solution is transferred to substrate surface carry out sprawling or direct fabrics shaping;
The inversion of phases of being induced by salts substances obtains hydrophilic-oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane under water.
5. method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described salts substances is selected from any one in the just own ammonium of potassium nitrate, copper chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium acetate, Sodium Benzoate, tributyl ammonium nitrate, N-alkyl pyridine hydrochloride and tetrafluoro boric acid four.
6. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the concentration of described macromolecule material solution is 0.05 ~ 40 % by weight.
7. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the method for the inversion of phases of described salts substances induction is that inversion of phases is carried out in the coagulating bath that substrate by surface being had polymeric membrane is placed in described salts substances.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the concentration of described salts substances is preferably 1 ~ 50 % by weight.
9. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described Polymer Solution is transferred to the method that substrate surface carries out sprawling or direct fabrics are shaping comprises hollow fiber spinning, gets rid of embrane method, coating method, note embrane method and scrape embrane method.
10. according in claim 1-3 arbitrary described hydrophilic-application of oleophobic macromolecular perforated membrane in the separation and purification of oil water mixture, oil hydrosol or oily waste water under water.
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CN106861450A (en) * 2017-03-12 2017-06-20 西北师范大学 A kind of preparation of biomass emulsion seperation film and the application in the separation of selective emulsion
CN106948166A (en) * 2017-03-07 2017-07-14 西北师范大学 A kind of surface hydrophilicity pig wool fibre and preparation method thereof
CN106978732A (en) * 2017-03-07 2017-07-25 西北师范大学 A kind of surface hydrophilicity fiber being modified based on feather and preparation method thereof
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CN109261127A (en) * 2018-08-27 2019-01-25 浙江工业大学 A kind of non-selectivity oleophobic water wetted material and its preparation method and application
CN109503876A (en) * 2018-11-07 2019-03-22 江苏金羿射日新材料科技有限公司 A kind of hydrophilically modified method of hydrophobic material
CN110665372A (en) * 2019-10-18 2020-01-10 苏州大学 Porous membrane for micromolecule permeation separation, preparation method and application thereof
CN112516807A (en) * 2020-11-26 2021-03-19 中国船舶工业系统工程研究院 Separation membrane, preparation method, aviation kerosene dewatering and purifying method and application
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CN107281781B (en) * 2016-04-11 2019-07-09 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 Superhydrophilic superoleophobic starch water-oil separationg film, preparation method and application
CN106178600A (en) * 2016-07-11 2016-12-07 无锡蓝海工程设计有限公司 High oil rub resistance oil-water separation film and its preparation method and application
CN106948166A (en) * 2017-03-07 2017-07-14 西北师范大学 A kind of surface hydrophilicity pig wool fibre and preparation method thereof
CN106978732A (en) * 2017-03-07 2017-07-25 西北师范大学 A kind of surface hydrophilicity fiber being modified based on feather and preparation method thereof
CN106861450A (en) * 2017-03-12 2017-06-20 西北师范大学 A kind of preparation of biomass emulsion seperation film and the application in the separation of selective emulsion
CN106861450B (en) * 2017-03-12 2019-10-11 西北师范大学 A kind of preparation of biomass emulsion seperation film and the application in the separation of selective lotion
CN109261127A (en) * 2018-08-27 2019-01-25 浙江工业大学 A kind of non-selectivity oleophobic water wetted material and its preparation method and application
CN109261127B (en) * 2018-08-27 2021-08-24 浙江工业大学 Non-selective oleophobic hydrophilic material and preparation method and application thereof
CN109503876A (en) * 2018-11-07 2019-03-22 江苏金羿射日新材料科技有限公司 A kind of hydrophilically modified method of hydrophobic material
CN110665372A (en) * 2019-10-18 2020-01-10 苏州大学 Porous membrane for micromolecule permeation separation, preparation method and application thereof
CN110665372B (en) * 2019-10-18 2022-01-25 苏州大学 Porous membrane for micromolecule permeation separation, preparation method and application thereof
CN112516807A (en) * 2020-11-26 2021-03-19 中国船舶工业系统工程研究院 Separation membrane, preparation method, aviation kerosene dewatering and purifying method and application
CN116426030B (en) * 2023-04-24 2024-01-26 新疆大学 Preparation method and application of PVC aerogel for separating water-in-oil emulsion
CN116426030A (en) * 2023-04-24 2023-07-14 新疆大学 Preparation method and application of PVC aerogel for separating water-in-oil emulsion

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