CN104364588B - Co-operate heliostat and photoelectric panel - Google Patents
Co-operate heliostat and photoelectric panel Download PDFInfo
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- CN104364588B CN104364588B CN201380031593.1A CN201380031593A CN104364588B CN 104364588 B CN104364588 B CN 104364588B CN 201380031593 A CN201380031593 A CN 201380031593A CN 104364588 B CN104364588 B CN 104364588B
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- heliostat
- panel
- output
- orientation
- solar energy
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/80—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors having discontinuous faces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/80—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for controlling collection or absorption of solar radiation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
Abstract
The masking of cloud can influence the amount of flux on heliostat, and the amount of flux can influence the energy that solar energy equipment is generated in turn on heliostat.Effective operation that monitoring obnubilation covers for whole solar power system in real time is necessary.Being attached to the output of the photosensitive panel of heliostat can measure in direct without hindrance sunshine and at first orientation.Then the output of photosensitive panel can be predicted for second orientation.After measurement second orientation predicts the reality output of photosensitive panel, the output measured at the second orientation of panel can perform communication function when being exported below or above prediction.Insolation amount reduces event and is indicated by output of the second orientation less than prediction.The instruction of event can be reduced according to insolation amount, control heliostat, that is, the aiming orientation of one or more heliostat can be changed.
Description
Cross reference to related applications
The U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. No.61/674 submitted this application claims on July 23rd, 2012,630 priority,
It is integrally incorporated by reference herein.
Technical field
The disclosure relates generally to solar energy system and relates more specifically to operate solar energy system to monitor that obnubilation covers.
The content of the invention
In heliostat field, the masking of cloud can influence the amount of the flux on heliostat, it thus can influence solar energy
The energy that device is generated.The real time monitoring that the obnubilation of at least some heliostats covers can allow more having for whole solar energy system
Effect operation.What is wished to learn about is which type of (such as cloud covering on geographic area) is the weather condition in large geographical area be,
Weather station can be arranged in big region or close to big region.However, the weather condition of weather station prediction can not be expression
Only cover the path of the cloud of the part in big region.
In certain embodiments, the method for solar energy system of the operation with heliostat field can include (i) when being attached to
The photosensitive panel of heliostat is in direct without hindrance sunshine and the output of the panel is measured when first orients；(ii) prediction exists
The output of photosensitive panel at second orientation；(iii) output of measurement photosensitive panel at the second orientation；And (iv) when in panel
Second orientation place measurement output below or above prediction output when, perform communication function.Communication function can include：
Alarm is created, at least one in control system and operator is sent data to and records the data or alarm.But ought be too
The second orientation is the orientation identical or different from the first orientation when positive position has changed.When there are can occur during cloud covering
Difference between the output of prediction and measurement.Between alternatively or additionally prediction output and measurement export is not both base
In the parameter of cloud.
Method can also include monitoring across heliostat field output reduce the step of；And in response to the monitoring, optimization is too
Positive energy field parameters.Solar energy field optimization can include the sighted direction for changing at least one heliostat.Furthermore it is possible in response to institute
Monitoring is stated to predict the movement of the cloud in solar energy field.In some instances, photosensitive panel is photoelectric cell panel or photochemical
Learn panel.Photosensitive panel can be used for generating electric energy to the drive system that heliostat is oriented when following the trail of the sun.In some implementations
In example, at least a portion storage of generated electricity is in the storage device.Storage device can be battery or capacitor.It is photosensitive
The calibration of panel can be realized by using imaging device or by using insolation measuring device.
In certain embodiments, heliostat can include (i) at least one mirror；(ii) at least one drive system；
(iii) at least one electrochemical cell, it is configured to provide for the power for heliostat drive system；(iv) multiple photoelectricity or
Photochemical cell, it is configured to the electric current that generation is used to charge to electrochemical cell；And (v) controller.Controller can be by
It is configured to receive the value of the electric current output of photoelectricity or photochemical cell and calculates the amount of the masking on mirror caused by cloud.Control
Device processed can additionally be configured at least a portion calibration heliostat of the electric current output of photoelectricity or photochemical cell
Orientation.
In certain embodiments, the method for solar energy system of the operation with heliostat field can include：(i) control multiple
The apparent motion of the heliostat tracking sun is to reflect incident solar radiation to receiver；(ii) electric current for calculating photosensitive panel is defeated
Go out and generate the signal for indicating that current or imminent moment insolation amount reduces event；(iii) instruction insolation amount is received
The signal of change；(iv) in response to the signal, feature or imminent moment day that current insolation amount reduces event are calculated
The amount of penetrating reduces the feature of event；And control multiple heliostats in response to the sign calculated of insolation amount reduction event (v).Ring
The sign calculated of event should be reduced in insolation amount, control can include the sighted direction for changing at least one heliostat.
Description is used to operate solar energy system to monitor system and method that the obnubilation of solar energy reception system covers.At least one
A photosensitive panel can be attached with least one solar energy reflection surface i.e. heliostat or otherwise associate.Photosensitive panel
Example still can also be not restricted to photoelectric panel, photochemistry panel, photodiode and pyranometer.
According to some embodiments, photosensitive panel is used to for example but be not restricted to directly or through to electrochemical cell
Battery and the ultracapacitor charging of power are provided to heliostat, movement and/or communication to heliostat provide power.Term example
As battery or ultracapacitor are interchangeably used in the text and can refer to any storage device electric, it includes chargeable
Chemical storage device, mechanical storage such as flywheel either forbay or other devices.
The solar tracking carried out by heliostat is enabled by least one driver.In certain embodiments, using with one
One driver of a free degree enables the movement of heliostat, in this case, make every effort to the maximum output rank of photosensitive panel with
Just need not be directly facing the sun by the calibration in the moving range of one degree of freedom offer.In certain embodiments, solar energy
The moving element of reception system is driven device by two or more driver.Two drivers are azimuths in embodiment
And elevation drive.
According to some embodiments, cloud covering causes the reduction of the output level of photosensitive panel, it causes to come from photoelectric panel
Electricity output parameter reduce.Electricity output parameter can be with, is, for example, voltage, electric current, power, the power of per unit area, Huo Zheke
For representing any other value of the corresponding output level of photosensitive panel.Reduction can be analyzed to determine shield parameter.It is based on
Shield parameter, the operating parameter of solar energy system can change or keep.For example, operating parameter can be including one or more
The sighted direction of a heliostat.Cloud feature in addition to the position of cloud shade is determined for shield parameter.The parameter can
For determining whether and/or how to change the operating parameter of solar energy system.Since cloud on the field moves, so electricity output
The reduction of parameter can be moved from a heliostat to another heliostat.On the contrary, when specific heliostat glazing sensitive panel
Output increase is for example to during premeasuring, then cloud no longer covers heliostat.Further if there is electricity output parameter reduces, then this
It may indicate that the comparatively dense part of more spissatus layer or the cloud hangs and withstand on heliostat top.Across at least one of photosensitive of this
The reduction or increase of the output of panel can be used for the movement for predicting the cloud of the upper other parts of this.According to some embodiments,
Between prediction output and measurement output is not both parameter based on cloud.
According to some embodiments, in response to being generated by control computer and heliostat can be transferred to by communication system
Instruction aim at heliostat.Command to line-of-sight and the optimization method for generating these instructions can be in response to by any in text
Cloud data obtained from method and apparatus disclosed in embodiment.The response can include causing heliostat never on the receiver
Aiming point to the aiming point movement on the receiver, from the aiming point on receiver to not being located at taking aim on receiver
Move on schedule, another aiming point from an aiming point to the same receiver on receiver, or from a receiver
Aiming point to another receiver aiming point.
Controller can be configured as the measured value for the electricity output for receiving photosensitive panel and determine to hit using the value
The direct solar radiation at least one heliostat is hit by the degree of cloud block.Can be with for example, by photosensitive panel and depositing
Electrical connection between storage media such as ultracapacitor or by using other connections for example, shunt current, obtaining electricity output ginseng
Several measurements.Controller can be additionally configured to receive measured value and the use of photoelectricity or photochemical cell electricity output
This value calibrates heliostat at least once during the installation service life of heliostat.
According to embodiment, cloud detection and Forecasting Methodology can combine measurement insolation amount device and/or imaging device and/or
Weather information uses.
When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the target of embodiment of the disclosure and advantage will be apparent from the following description.
Brief description of the drawings
Hereafter by the attached drawing by reference to that need not be drawn to scale, embodiment is described.As long as feasible do not say
Some bright features are to contribute to illustrating and describing for following traits.Through attached drawing, identical reference numeral represents identical element.
Fig. 1 shows the solar column system according to one or more embodiment of subject.
Fig. 2 shows the solar column system with subreflector of one or more embodiment according to subject
System.
Fig. 3 shows the solar column system for including multiple towers of one or more embodiment according to subject
System.
Fig. 4 is shown includes multiple receivers according to one or more embodiment of subject in single tower
Solar column system.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram according to the control system of heliostat of one or more embodiment of subject.
Fig. 6 shows the heliostat with photoelectric panel of one or more embodiment according to subject.
Fig. 7 shows the solar column system with outstanding top cloud of one or more embodiment according to subject
System.
Fig. 8 is shown to be covered according to the having for one or more embodiment of subject by one or more obnubilation
Heliostat field a part solar column system.
Fig. 9 show a part for the heliostat field of one or more embodiment according to subject by one or
The rearview of the solar column system for Fig. 8 that the multiple obnubilations of person cover,
Figure 10 shows another part of the heliostat field of one or more embodiment according to subject by one
The rearview of the solar column system for Fig. 8 to Fig. 9 that a or multiple obnubilations cover.
Figure 11 is shown to be moved through with more at the first time according to one or more embodiment of subject
The top view that the obnubilation of the heliostat field of a solar column covers.
Figure 12, which is shown, to be moved through according to one or more embodiment of subject in the second time with more
The top view that the obnubilation of the heliostat field of a solar column covers.
Figure 13 shows the heliostat of the photosensitive panel using one or more embodiment according to subject
Calibration.
Embodiment
Central recipient system of the central recipient system for example with the receiver being supported on tower can be included at least
One solar receiver and multiple heliostats.Each heliostat tracking is with the target in reflected light to tower or such target
On aiming point.Heliostat can arrange in any way as suitable.Spacing and the positioning of heliostat can be for example selected, with basis
The data that predict the weather and for example total Solar use of at least one optimization aim, can store, the wound of electric current production or sale of electricity
It is received in and optimal financial income is provided in life cycle.
Insolation amount can be by solar column system using to generate superheated steam and/or supercritical steam and/or heat fusing
Salt.In Fig. 1, solar column system can from heliostat, (each heliostat 70 only shows in the left-hand part of Fig. 1 including receiving
Go out) solar energy field 60 reflection aggregation sunshine solar column 50.Solar column 50 can for example with least 25 meters, 50
Rice, 75 meters, 100 meters, the height of 125 meters or higher.Heliostat 70 can aim at solar receiver system 20, such as system
One of 20 or the solar energy receiving surface of receiver.When the sun is moved across sky, heliostat 70 can adjust them
Orientation to follow the trail of the sun, and then persistently reflect sunshine to in one or more the associated aiming point of receiver system 20.
Can include one or more independent receiver solar receiver system 20 can be installed in solar column 50 or
On person.Solar receiver can be built as use from heliostat receive insolation amount heating water and/or supercritical steam and/
Or the solar energy fluid of any other type.Alternatively or additionally, target or receiver 20 can be included still not
It is limited to photoelectric subassembly, steam formation component (either for heating other components of solid or fluid), for growing biological thing
The biological growth component of matter (for example, for producing bio-fuel) or any other target are configured as the insolation of focusing
Amount is converted into other any targets of useful energy and/or work.
Term " receiver " itself is used to referring in the text the seizure that device position by receiver and changes incident flux
Heat and by thermoconverter either the part of working fluid active cooling rather than be mainly used for reflecting or be simply used for weight
The new for example hot brick in part or refractory material for radiating either transition heat.Receiver can be boiler, heat exchanger, superheater or
Person is used for the set for the concentration light receiving part that sunshine is converted into other devices hot in fluid.
As shown in fig. 1, solar receiver system 20 can set tower 50 to be in or the top close to tower 50.Another
In one embodiment, subreflector 40 can be arranged on or the top close to tower 50, as shown in Figure 2.Subreflector 40 can be with
Therefore receive the insolation amount from the field of heliostat 60 and (such as passing through reflection) re-directs insolation amount and connect towards solar energy
Receive device system 20.Solar receiver system 20 can be arranged on the inside of the field of heliostat 60, heliostat 60 field outside,
On or close to ground level, on or close to the top of tower 50, higher or lower than reflector 40, or elsewhere.
Corresponding solar energy reception system disposed thereon can be each provided with multiple solar columns 50, for example,
Solar steam system.Different solar energy reception systems can have the function of different.For example, in solar energy reception system
One can heat water to generate steam using the solar radiation of reflection, meanwhile, another in solar energy reception system can
Played the role of heating steam with the solar radiation using reflection.Multiple solar columns 50 can share common heliostat field
60 or with corresponding independent heliostat field.Some in heliostat can be fabricated and be provided so that alternatively
Orientation insolation amount is in different towers at solar energy reception system.In addition, for example heliostat can be configured during unloading condition
It is to orient insolation amount away from any tower.Received as shown in figure 3, each in two towers can be set with corresponding solar energy
System.First tower 50A is with the first solar energy reception system 20A while the second tower 50B is with the second solar energy reception system
20B.Solar column 50A, 50B are arranged to receive the solar radiation of reflection from the public field of heliostat 60.In any given time,
Heliostat in the field of heliostat 60 can be directed to any one sun receiver in solar column 50A, 50B.Although
There is corresponding solar energy reception system figure 3 illustrates only two towers, but any amount of tower and too can be used
Positive energy reception system.
More than one solar receiver can be arranged on solar column.Multiple solar receivers combine to form the sun
A part for energy receiver system 20.Different solar receivers can have the function of different.For example, solar receiver
In one can to generate steam, another in solar receiver can at the same time using the solar radiation heating water of reflection
To play the role of superheated steam using the solar radiation of reflection.Multiple solar receivers can be arranged on same tower
At different height or the diverse location on same tower (such as different faces, such as north, west etc.).Settled date in field 60
Some in mirror can build and be arranged to alternatively orient insolation amount at different solar receivers.As shown in Figure 4
Go out, two solar receivers can be arranged on single tower 50.Therefore solar energy reception system 20 includes the first solar energy
21 and second solar receiver 22 of receiver.In any given time, heliostat 70 can aim at one or two sun
Energy receiver does not aim at any one receiver.In some use scene, the aiming of heliostat can be adjusted, and will be thrown
The reflected beams penetrated in tower 50 are moved to another solar receiver (such as 22) from a solar receiver (such as 21).
Although there was only two solar receivers and a tower in Fig. 4, any amount of solar column and solar energy can be used to connect
Receive device.
Can be for example, by the heliostat 70 in 91 controlling filed 60 of central heliostat field control system that is shown in Fig. 5.Example
Such as, the controller that central heliostat field control system 91 can be with each heliostat by data communication network dividing level leads to
Letter.Fig. 5 shows control by levels system 91, it includes three ranks of control hierarchy, although there are layer in other implementations
Secondary more or less ranks, and still in other implementations, whole data communication network can not have level, for example,
Peer to peer communication protocol is used in distributed treatment setting.
It is programmable fixed to be provided with the lowest level (rank provided by heliostat controller) of the control hierarchy shown
Solar eyepiece control system (HCS) 65, it controls two axis (azimuth and the elevation angle) of heliostat to move (not shown), for example, working as them
Follow the trail of the sun it is mobile when.In the higher level other places of control hierarchy, heliostat array control system (HACS) 92,93 is provided with,
Each of which all uses network operation system by using with the associated programmable process of control system of heliostat 65 of these heliostats 70
The multipoint data network 94 of such as CAN, facility network, Ethernet or the like of uniting controls the heliostat of heliostat field 96,97
The operation of 70 (not shown).Master control system (MCS) 95 is set in the higher level other places of control hierarchy, it passes through via network 94
The operation for the heliostat for communicating with being indirectly controlled heliostat field 96,97 with heliostat array control system 92,93.Main control system
System (MCS) 95 (is not shown also via the network 94 to receiver control system (RCS) 99 by communication control solar receiver
Go out) operation.
In Figure 5, the part for the network 94 being arranged in heliostat field 96 can be connected based on copper wire or optical fiber,
And being arranged on each control system of heliostat 65 in heliostat field 96 can be main equipped with communication adapter cable, and together
Control system 95, heliostat array control system 92 and cable network controlling bus router 100, it is alternatively deployed in net
In network 94 with more effectively handle into heliostat field 96 programmable control system of heliostat 65 or can in heliostat field 96
Program the traffic between control system of heliostat 65.In addition, it is arranged on the programmable control system of heliostat of heliostat field 97
65 are communicated by network 94 by wireless communication with heliostat array control system 93.For this purpose, in heliostat field 97
Each programmable control system of heliostat 65 equipped with wireless communication adapter 102, and have radio network router 101,
It is alternatively deployed in network 94 more effectively to handle into heliostat field 96 programmable control system of heliostat 65
Or the traffic in heliostat field 96 between programmable control system of heliostat 65.In addition, master control system 95 is alternatively
Equipped with wireless communication adapter (not shown).
According to one or more embodiment of subject, the photosensitive panel with sensor unit can be attached or
Associate to heliostat.Photosensitive sensor element can include being used for the photosensitive surface for receiving light.Photosensitive surface can be by such one
Prepared by kind of material, in the material, it is changeable under the influence of light and can also be direct that at least one measurable amount of electricity, which is,
Ground is measured via electrode or via the electric charge that panel creates.The example of photosensitive panel can include but be not restricted to photoelectricity
Panel, photochemistry panel, photodiode and pyranometer.
According to some embodiments, photosensitive panel can be used for directing or through charging then to heliostat offer power
Electrochemical cell, power is provided to mobile and/or heliostat communication system.Electrochemical cell can be including but not limited to electric
Pond and ultracapacitor.
According to some embodiments, control system of heliostat, which can be oriented to heliostat and be directed to, to be caused from attached photosurface
Plate produces the orientation of maximum output so that it is in two drive systems directly facing the sun.According to some embodiments, if deposited
In a driver, then can be found by photosensitive panel maximum without hindrance in the moving range that one degree of freedom is provided
Radiant performs calibration, without directly facing the sun.Two drive systems in some embodiments can include azimuth
And the elevation angle, it can be with, such as realizes movement, such as tilts, rolls and wave.
Output from the photosensitive panel measuring on the heliostat in face of the sun and in without hindrance sunshine can
For calibrating heliostat.The maximum electricity output produced using photosensitive panel is measured at known position of sun when measurement
Orientation and by the measurement and be related to its driving heliostat orientation be compared to perform calibration.For example, photosensitive panel can
To perform the initial calibration of new installation heliostat and find the maximum output of the panel for special time on daytime.Controller can
To record the reference system i.e. orientation of magnetic north pole of heliostat, photosensitive panel and the sun relative to the earth.In addition, controller can be remembered
The orientation of photosensitive panel is recorded relative to the relation between the orientation of mirror.Then likely calculate these known parameters and
In some embodiments, predict for output of any time on daytime from photosensitive panel and heliostat orientation.Using multiple school
Quasi- test can increase precision.In certain embodiments, the position of the sun during the position of the sun is different from calibrating for the first time
When putting, calibration can occur.
According to some embodiments, photosensitive panel can cause it always directly facing too by the engine driving of its own
Sun, or even heliostat are positioned so as to its surface normal and divide the angle between solar rays and line from mirror surfaces to tower equally
Degree.In this embodiment, controller can compensate the difference of the change oriented between mirror and photosensitive panel.
Above is referred to calibration can be used for prediction any heliostat orient and daytime any time in photosurface
The output level of plate.If the electricity output actually measured is not the measurement of expection/prediction, alarm can be activated and/or data can
It is at least one in control system and operator to be conveyed to.In certain embodiments, data and/or alarm can be recorded.
According to some embodiments, the output of the actual measurement from photosensitive panel can be less than expection/prediction and export.This can
Can be as by the direct sunshine that photosensitive panel receives by hinder caused by, for example, the masking by dust or adjacent heliostat.
In embodiment, cloud can hinder the path between the sun and photosensitive panel.In certain embodiments, the output from photosensitive panel
Reduction can by cause heliostat orientation it is incorrect machinery or electric fault caused by.
In certain embodiments, actual measurement can be than expection/prediction output bigger., it is necessary to weight in such example
New calibration heliostat and/or photosensitive panel.
Fig. 6 shows with attachment or otherwise associates to the heliostat 70 of the photoelectric panel 72 at the top of heliostat.
In this embodiment photoelectric panel 72 be attached to the heliostat 70 of contact sunshine top it is either other Anywhere upper or neighbouring
Close to the heliostat 70 of sunshine, it is preferably fixed that heliostat is extremely received on tower during being oriented in routine operation for reflection sunshine
To place.According to some embodiments, heliostat is oriented such that its surface normal divides solar rays equally and from heliostat to reception
Angle between the line of device.When photosensitive panel is directly facing the sun, photosensitive panel most effectively performs.According to some implementations
Example, when photosensitive panel is determined directly facing the sun or when the solar energy reflection surface of fixed photosensitive panel is for example described above
Xiang Shi, photosensitive panel can be calibrated.According to some embodiments, the angle of the plane of photosensitive panel can be with sun reflecting surface
Angle it is different, such as closer at least some times during daytime by the orientation of the opposite sun.According to some embodiments,
Photosensitive panel can by itself engine or be configured to keep panel directly facing the sun photosensitive panel using as
Any other moving mechanism driving of the most effective orientation of light sensitivity/charging.
According to some embodiments, PV modules/panel lead can be short-circuited to measure the electric current from its production.Alternatively
Ground, shunt circuit are used to measure electric current.As stated above, more multi output will be produced by inciding more irradiation level of PV panels
Less output will be produced with the less irradiation level being incident on PV panels.However, in order to produce enough electric currents directly to manipulate
Heliostat either charges to battery or capacitor, and the orientation of PV panels is needed not be directly facing the sun.Additionally, without direct
Sunshine (namely via diffused light), PV panels can work.At the noon of fine day, in normal operating, the height of panel generation
Produced up to the electric current more than 90% by the direct sunshine opposite with diffused light.
As shown in Figure 7, heliostat field can include one or more heliostat, be used for heating material for example, aiming at
The solar tracking mirror of the target of (for example, water, fuse salt or any other material), wherein the sunshine using reflection.In
Heliostat 70a, 70b, 70c can aim at the target (namely solar energy reception system 500) on tower 50.
According to some embodiments, in response to being generated by control computer and the finger of heliostat being transferred to by communication system
Make to aim at heliostat.Command to line-of-sight and the optimization method for generating these instructions can be in response to by any implementations in text
The cloud data that example the methods and apparatus disclosed obtain.The response can include：Cause the aiming of heliostat never on the receiver
Point is moved to the aiming point on receiver, and the aiming not on receiver is moved to from the aiming point on receiver
Point, another aiming point being moved to from an aiming point on receiver on same receiver, or from receiver
Aiming point is moved to the aiming point of another receiver.
In operation, the sunshine beam 310,320,330 from the sun 300 can respectively irradiate heliostat mirror 70a,
The reflecting surface of 70b and 70c.Heliostat then can be towards 500 the reflected beams 311,321,331 of receiver.It is other fixed in
The reflected beams 311,321,331 outside the beam of solar eyepiece reflection can heat the temperature between 500 to 400 DEG C and 800 DEG C of receiver
Degree.
When cloud is through the sun and heliostat, direct solar radiation amount can be momentarily interrupted.As a result, reflex to the sun
The radiation of energy receiver can be differently configured from preferable or expected Flux Distribution.This can cause the local change of temperature or flux
Change.It is in flux and change can damage receiver and cause undesirable operating condition, for example, caused steam or mistake
Heat the reduction of vapor (steam) temperature.
Fig. 7 is shown when obnubilation covers the example of heliostat day.With cloud 193 cover the sun 300 do not irradiate heliostat 70a and
70c, while do not cover 70b, it can be seen that the stop of insolation amount.
According to one or more embodiment of subject, the output level of photosensitive panel as caused by covering cloud
Reduction can cause to treat to be created that electric charge is less or the output level of panel reduces by panel.The reduction can measure and and cloud
The amount of layer coverage is proportional to a certain extent.The measurement can provide the instruction of the property of cloud covering.In other words
Say, Yun Yuehou, the masking of heliostat is bigger, this causes the larger reduction of the measured output of photosensitive panel.Reduce at least
A part is probably due to some other cloud parameters, for example, the height of cloud.The measurement for exporting such as current/charge is ability
Field technique personnel are known and can for example be completed by the photosensitive panel of short-circuit or intimate short circuit.
As non-limiting examples, when the solar energy of 1000W/m is incident on panel, such as in 12 volts of PV faces
Plate, electric current can be fallen into the range of 0 to 1 ampere.However, when covering the sunshine from PV panels there are obnubilation, incident light can
With for example, being decreased to 400W/m and caused electric current can proportionally reduce.Cloud covering can cause total incident reduction
To less than 400W/m.
According to some embodiments, cloud covering causes the reduction of the output level of photosensitive panel, it causes the electricity of photoelectric panel
Output parameter reduces.Electricity output parameter can be for example, voltage, electric current, power, per unit area power or can be used for
Represent any other value of the corresponding output level of photosensitive panel.Reduction can be analyzed to determine shield parameter.Joined based on masking
Number, the operating parameter of solar energy system can change or keep.It is fixed to one or more to include for example, referring to parameter
Solar eyepiece sighted direction.Cloud feature in addition to the positioning that obnubilation covers is determined for shield parameter.Such feature can be with
It is used to determine whether and/or how to change the operating parameter of solar energy system.
When cloud is on heliostat, as cloud passes through in solar energy field, can be supervised in the higher level in level
Depending on the reduction of electric current.When being back to a PV panel with sunshine, the neighbouring PV panels on other heliostats can be identical
Cloud hinder because the road of identical cloud passes through field.In certain embodiments, for example, by monitoring PV panels in solar energy field
The fluctuation of upper incident insolation amount, can calculate shield parameter, as Fig. 8 to shown in Figure 10 through one of field or cloud
Track.Time-series image can be to help following shadow state of the prediction on heliostat field.Therefore, shield parameter can wrap
Include the shield parameter in future and then can try to be the first and realize the operation at least one operating parameter for influencing solar energy system.
In embodiment, the operation tried to be the first can be related with the steam obtained in fossil fuel.For example, indicate heliostat in cloud graphical analysis
The condenser zone (heliostat aims at the region of the evaporator section of receiver i.e. in heliostat field) of field areas is when specified
Between i.e. will shielded in the cycle in the case of, it is advantageously that startup natural gas boiler allow from the steam that natural gas obtains by
Injection enters and the associated steam knock-out drum of evaporator/boiler.
In certain embodiments, the operation tried to be the first is related to the heliostat aimed at again.Because heliostat may need necessarily
The journey time of amount to aim at again, so prediction or future masking condition it is pre- it is interim heliostat become it is shielded it
It may be advantageous for the preceding heliostat of aiming again.
In certain embodiments, it may be determined that cloud produce ground level at or close at ground level the positioning of shade and/
Or the shape or size of shaded areas.As shown in Figure 11 to Figure 12, for example, as masking 106 is moved through with multiple towers
Heliostat 70 in 50 system 60 can follow the trail of the movement of masking 106.
The feature of the movement can include determining that the velocity of rotation of the shape of shade, the translational velocity of shade and/or shade
So that it is determined that and/or prediction cloud shade relative to heliostat field or other components of solar energy system movement.Definite the moon
Shadow can depend on Multiple factors, and factor includes but is not restricted to, in advance from chronometer data such as day of year, time of day and ground
Manage the position of the sun determined in position.
(the US publication No.2011/ that on January 20th, 2011 submits in another application applied immediately
0220091, be incorporated by reference herein), be related to for operate the method and apparatus of solar energy system with illustrate obnubilation cover,
Sky and/or the image of the imaging device on ground intake, and for monitoring and predicting that obnubilation covers.
According to some embodiments, cloud Forecasting Methodology as described above and described in the US2011/0220091 being incorporated to
Method can be used together.Additionally or alternatively, the more of insolation amount such as pyroheliometer and pyranometer are measured
A device can with process as described above together with field in or it is close with process as described above together with field at use.
Pyroheliometer and pyranometer or any other weather information and/or insolation amount device can be located in solar energy field or
Person is close to solar energy field.
According to some embodiments, its position and orientation are that the photosensitive panel known can be used for school relative to the first heliostat
Accurate the second heliostat as shown for example in fig. 13.In any time on daytime, when position of the sun 300, is known.
First heliostat 1402 can have the photosensitive panel 72 being attached to thereon, its orientation and position relative to the first heliostat 1402
It is known to put.According to some embodiments, photosensitive panel 72 can be independent and be not attached to heliostat.Just know that panel
72 azimuthal orientation may is that enough and its elevation angle orientation is probably unwanted.In order to allow only to calibrate azimuth, face
72 and second heliostat 1404 of plate is needed approx in the orientation of such a elevation angle, wherein being made by oneself in being oriented at the elevation angle
The reflection sunshine of solar eyepiece 1404 will be detected by panel 72.Mirror orients heliostat 1404 that is for example unknown and needing to calibrate and passes through
Controller is indicated to start the rotation of its azimuth axis.When on reflecting surface reflected light to the photoelectric panel 72 of heliostat 1404
When, photoelectric panel 72 by with than no sun from heliostat 1404 reflect when much higher output.The same day is directly reversed
Penetrate when on panel, export rapid peaking., record the orientation of heliostat 1404 and the electricity of the lower heliostat 1404 of this orientation
The position and the known position of photosensitive panel and orientation of machine coordinate and the sun.Then the orientation of heliostat 1404 can use
This measurement calibration.Selectively, other measurements of the same heliostat at different time can carry out and be added to calibration
Data.In certain embodiments, multiple heliostats can be calibrated at the same time in this way.
It should be noted that embodiments described above can also include receive, send or store instruction and/or according to
Computer-readable medium implements the data of operations described above together with attached drawing.In general, computer-readable medium can be with
Including storage medium either storage medium such as magnetizing mediums, flash media either optical medium for example, disk or CD-
ROM, volatile or non-volatile medium, such as RAM, ROM etc., and transmission medium or via communication media such as network
And/or signal such as electric signal, electromagnetic signal or the digital signal that Radio Link is transmitted.
It should be understood that process as described above, process and system can with hardware, by the hardware of software programming, deposit
The combination of software instruction in non-transitory computer-readable medium or the above is stored up to implement.For example, in order to control heliostat,
Processor can be configured as execution and be stored in a series of programmed instruction in non-transitory computer-readable medium.Processor can be with
Include, but are not limited to include processor, microprocessor, microcontroller device or by for example special integrated including integrated circuit
The PC for the control logic that circuit (ASIC) is formed either work station or other such computer systems.Instruction can be with
By according to programming language such as Java, C++, C#.net or setting source code instruction compile.Instruction can also include according to
According to such as visualization basic language code and datum target that either other structures or object-oriented programming language are set.
The programmed instruction and relative data of series can be stored in non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as computer storage
Device or storage device, it can be any suitable storage arrangement, for example, being still not restricted to read-only storage, can compiling
Journey read-only storage, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory,
Disc driver etc..
In addition, disclosed method, process and/or system can be by single processor or real by distributed processors
Apply.Furthermore, it is to be appreciated that the step of discussed in text, can be on single or distributed processors (list and/or multinuclear)
Perform.In addition, the method, process and/system described in above example can be distributed in multiple memories or system,
It can either be co-located in single processor or system.It is presented below to be suitable for alternatively implementing side described above
The example arrangement embodiment of method, process and/or system, but it is not restricted to this.
Method, process and/or system described in text can be implemented as such as general programmable computer, using micro- generation
Electronic device, hardwired analog logic circuit, the software or signal, light being stored in computer-readable medium of code programming
Technique device, the networked system of electronics and/or electro-optical device, dedicated computing device, IC apparatus, semiconductor chip and
Software module either stores target or signal on a computer-readable medium.Moreover, disclosed method, process and/or
It is software that the embodiment of system can perform on general programmable computer, special purpose computer, real for processor or in waiting
It is existing.
The embodiment of disclosed method, process and/or system (either their subassembly or module) can be realized
All-purpose computer, special purpose computer, programmable microprocessor either microcontroller and peripheral integrated circuit element, ASIC or
Other integrated circuits, digital signal processor, hard continuous electronic or logic circuit, such as discrete component circuit, programmable patrol
Volume circuit such as programmable logic device (PLD), programmable logic array (PLA), field programmable gate array (FPGA), can compile
Journey array logic (PAL) device etc..In short, any can realize that the method for function or step can be used for reality described in text
The now reality of method, process, system and/or computer program product (being stored in software program in non-transitory computer-readable medium)
Apply example.
In addition, the embodiment of disclosed method, process and/or system can be for example right in use in whole or in part
As or the software of Object-oriented Software Development environment in easily realize, the software development environment provide be used in various computers
Portable source code on flat.Alternatively, the embodiment of disclosed method, process and/or system can partly or
Person is fully realized in using such as standard logic circuits or ultra-large integrated (VLSI) design hardware.According to system
Speed and/or efficiency requirements, specific function and/or special software either hardware system, used microprocessor or micro-
Computer, other hardware or software can be used for realizing embodiment.The embodiment of disclosed method, process and/or system
It can be described by function of the those of ordinary skill in application field provided in text and using the general of solar energy system
Rudimentary knowledge and/or computer programming the system using any known either later development or structure, device and/or
Software is realized in hardware and/or software.
The feature of disclosed embodiment can within the scope of the invention combine, rearrange, omitting etc. other to produce
Embodiment.In addition, certain function can advantageously use the correspondence without further feature to use sometimes.
It is apparent that according to present disclose provides the method and system for operating solar energy system, it includes monitoring obnubilation
Cover.Many replacement, embodiment and deformations are allowed by the disclosure.Specific embodiment has been shown specifically and described to illustrate at the same time
The application of the principle of the present invention, it is to be appreciated that the present invention can be effected without departing from such principle in other aspects.Cause
This, applicant is intended to include all such replacement, improvement, equivalent and deformations in the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. a kind of method for operating the solar energy system with heliostat field, it includes：
When the photosensitive panel for being attached to heliostat is in direct without hindrance sunshine and when first orients, the panel is measured
Output；
Predict output of the photosensitive panel at the second orientation；
Measure output of the photosensitive panel at the second orientation；And
When the output of the second orientation place measurement in panel is below or above prediction output, communication function is performed,
Wherein communication function be it is following among one：Create alarm, send data at least one in control system and operator
It is a and record the data or the alarm.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, but when position of sun has changed, the second orientation is and first
Orient identical or different orientation.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, photosensitive panel generation electric energy orients the settled date to drive when following the trail of the sun
The system of mirror.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, wherein, at least a portion storage of generated electricity is in the storage device.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, wherein, storage device is one in battery or capacitor.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, when there are during cloud covering, between Occurrence forecast output and measurement export
Difference.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, between prediction output and measurement output is not both parameter based on cloud
's.
8. according to the method described in claim 1, further include monitoring across heliostat field output reduce the step of；And in response to
The monitoring, optimizes solar energy field parameter.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, wherein, solar energy field optimization includes changing the aiming side of at least one heliostat
To.
10. according to the method described in claim 8, further include in response to the monitoring to predict the movement of the cloud in solar energy field
The step of.
11. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, photosensitive panel is photoelectric cell panel or photochemistry panel.
12. according to the method described in claim 1, further include the step that photosensitive panel is calibrated using one or more imaging device
Suddenly.
13. a kind of method of operation solar energy system according to claim 1, further includes and uses one or more insolation
Measuring device calibrates photosensitive panel.
14. a kind of method for operating the solar energy system with heliostat field, the described method includes：
The apparent motions of the multiple heliostats tracking sun is controlled so that incident solar radiation is reflexed on receiver；
Calculate the electricity output of photosensitive panel and generate the signal for indicating that current or imminent moment insolation amount reduces event；
Receive the signal that instruction insolation amount changes；
In response to the signal, feature or imminent moment insolation amount reduction thing that current insolation amount reduces event are calculated
The feature of part；And
Feature is calculated in response to insolation amount reduction event, controls multiple heliostats.
15. according to the method for claim 14, wherein, feature is calculated in response to insolation amount reduction event, control can
With the sighted direction including changing at least one heliostat.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US201261674630P | 2012-07-23 | 2012-07-23 | |
| US61/674,630 | 2012-07-23 | ||
| PCT/IB2013/055794 WO2014016727A2 (en) | 2012-07-23 | 2013-07-14 | Method and apparatus for operating a solar energy system including monitoring of cloud shading |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104364588A CN104364588A (en) | 2015-02-18 |
| CN104364588B true CN104364588B (en) | 2018-05-11 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380031593.1A Expired - Fee Related CN104364588B (en) | 2012-07-23 | 2013-07-14 | Co-operate heliostat and photoelectric panel |
Country Status (2)
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|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104364588B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014016727A2 (en) |
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| US10418833B2 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2019-09-17 | Con Edison Battery Storage, Llc | Electrical energy storage system with cascaded frequency response optimization |
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| US10222427B2 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2019-03-05 | Con Edison Battery Storage, Llc | Electrical energy storage system with battery power setpoint optimization based on battery degradation costs and expected frequency response revenue |
| US10389136B2 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2019-08-20 | Con Edison Battery Storage, Llc | Photovoltaic energy system with value function optimization |
| US10250039B2 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2019-04-02 | Con Edison Battery Storage, Llc | Energy storage controller with battery life model |
| US10554170B2 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2020-02-04 | Con Edison Battery Storage, Llc | Photovoltaic energy system with solar intensity prediction |
| US10742055B2 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2020-08-11 | Con Edison Battery Storage, Llc | Renewable energy system with simultaneous ramp rate control and frequency regulation |
| US11210617B2 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2021-12-28 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Building management system with electrical energy storage optimization based on benefits and costs of participating in PDBR and IBDR programs |
| US10197632B2 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2019-02-05 | Taurus Des, Llc | Electrical energy storage system with battery power setpoint optimization using predicted values of a frequency regulation signal |
| US10283968B2 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2019-05-07 | Con Edison Battery Storage, Llc | Power control system with power setpoint adjustment based on POI power limits |
| US10222083B2 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2019-03-05 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Building control systems with optimization of equipment life cycle economic value while participating in IBDR and PBDR programs |
| US10190793B2 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2019-01-29 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Building management system with electrical energy storage optimization based on statistical estimates of IBDR event probabilities |
| US10564610B2 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2020-02-18 | Con Edison Battery Storage, Llc | Photovoltaic energy system with preemptive ramp rate control |
| US10700541B2 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2020-06-30 | Con Edison Battery Storage, Llc | Power control system with battery power setpoint optimization using one-step-ahead prediction |
| US10778012B2 (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2020-09-15 | Con Edison Battery Storage, Llc | Battery optimization control system with data fusion systems and methods |
| US10594153B2 (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2020-03-17 | Con Edison Battery Storage, Llc | Frequency response optimization control system |
| DE102018214197A1 (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-02-27 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Solar power plant and method for operating a solar power plant |
| US11163271B2 (en) | 2018-08-28 | 2021-11-02 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Cloud based building energy optimization system with a dynamically trained load prediction model |
| US11159022B2 (en) | 2018-08-28 | 2021-10-26 | Johnson Controls Tyco IP Holdings LLP | Building energy optimization system with a dynamically trained load prediction model |
| CN109871996A (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2019-06-11 | 浙江中控太阳能技术有限公司 | A kind of tower photo-thermal power station mirror field cloud monitoring System and method for based on photovoltaic panel |
| AU2020230454A1 (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2021-10-21 | Vast Solar Pty Ltd | Method and system for controlling the operation of a CSP receiver |
| CN114034128B (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2023-12-12 | 浙江可胜技术股份有限公司 | Method and system for measuring cloud distribution in lens field |
| CN116295127B (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-08-08 | 四川蜀旺新能源股份有限公司 | Method for determining direction of cogeneration light-receiving surface by measuring light length |
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| US4365617A (en) * | 1980-10-02 | 1982-12-28 | Eckhard Bugash | Solar energy heating system |
| WO2008128237A1 (en) * | 2007-04-15 | 2008-10-23 | Brightsource Energy | Heliostat and system |
| US8360051B2 (en) * | 2007-11-12 | 2013-01-29 | Brightsource Industries (Israel) Ltd. | Solar receiver with energy flux measurement and control |
| US20090260619A1 (en) * | 2008-04-20 | 2009-10-22 | The Boeing Company | Autonomous heliostat for solar power plant |
| WO2009145266A1 (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2009-12-03 | シャープ株式会社 | Tracking type solar power generation system, and tracking control method and tracking discrepancy correcting method for the tracking type solar power generation system |
| US8931475B2 (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2015-01-13 | Brightsource Industries (Israel) Ltd. | Systems and methods for control of a solar power tower using infrared thermography |
| US9170033B2 (en) * | 2010-01-20 | 2015-10-27 | Brightsource Industries (Israel) Ltd. | Method and apparatus for operating a solar energy system to account for cloud shading |
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- 2013-07-14 WO PCT/IB2013/055794 patent/WO2014016727A2/en active Application Filing
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| CN104364588A (en) | 2015-02-18 |
| WO2014016727A3 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
| WO2014016727A2 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
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