CN104362917A - Optimum design method for flux leakage problem of alternating-current generator for car - Google Patents
Optimum design method for flux leakage problem of alternating-current generator for car Download PDFInfo
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- CN104362917A CN104362917A CN201410662723.8A CN201410662723A CN104362917A CN 104362917 A CN104362917 A CN 104362917A CN 201410662723 A CN201410662723 A CN 201410662723A CN 104362917 A CN104362917 A CN 104362917A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optimum design method for a flux leakage problem of an alternating-current generator for a car. The optimum design method comprises the steps that the basic parameter of a finite element model is set, and the basic structure parameter of the alternating-current generator is set; no-load electromagnetic models of a rotor, a stator, a stator winding and a field winding of the alternating-current generator are set, and a transient electromagnetic field of a motor is solved through a three-dimensional finite element method; boundary adding is carried out on the dynamic parts of the models; excitation is added to the field winding; mesh generation is carried out on the finite element model, and a solving option is defined, and comprises the simulation time of the no-load electromagnetic models, step length and motor rotating speed; leakage flux is measured quantitatively by calculating leakage inductance, the no-load leakage coefficient of the alternating-current generator is calculated, and motor structure parameter optimization is carried out according to the flux leakage problem. A novel design concept is built, the leakage flux of a permanent magnet generator is analyzed and calculated again, a magnetic structure and a control system are improved, the leakage flux of the permanent magnet generator is reduced, the running efficiency of the motor is improved, and production cost is controlled.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric motor of automobile technical field, be specifically related to a kind of Optimization Design of vehicle alternator leakage field problem.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of automotive field, people propose new requirement to the comfortableness of automobile and environmental protection and energy saving etc., and the efficiency therefore improving generator in automobile seems more and more important.Pawl machine formula (all deletes pawl machine formula below, replace to automobile-used or automobile with) alternating current generator is widely used in Hyundai Motor because of features such as its volume are little, weight is little, but all there is efficiency problem less than normal in use in automobile pawl machine formula alternating current generator now.Therefore rational optimal design is carried out to the dynamo-electric machine of pawl and seem necessary.
The maximum difference of permanent magnet generator and excitation generator is that its excitation field is produced by permanent magnet.Permanent magnet is magnetic source in motor, is again the part of magnetic circuit.The magnetic property of permanent magnet is not only relevant with the manufacturing process of factory, and also relevant with magnetization method with the shape and size of permanent magnet, the capacity of magnet charger, the discreteness of specific performance data is very large.And the permanent magnet magnetic flux that can provide in motor and magnetomotive force also change with the material property of magnetic circuit remainder, size and motor operating state.In addition, the magnetic structure of permanent magnet generator is varied, the large percentage that the very complicated and leakage flux of leakage magnetic circuit accounts for, and ferromagnetic material part is more saturated than being easier to again, and magnetic conductance is nonlinear.Each of which increases the complexity that permanent magnet generator electromagnetism calculates, make the accuracy of result of calculation lower than electric excitation generator.Therefore, new design concept must be set up, reanalyse and improve magnetic structure and control system; Must modern Design be applied, study new analysis calculation method, to improve design-calculated accuracy; Must study and adopt advanced method of testing and manufacturing process.
In addition, the price current due to rare earth permanent-magnetic material is also somewhat expensive, and the cost of rare earth permanent-magnetic generator is generally high than electric excitation type generator, but this one-tenth can be compensated preferably in motor high-performance with in running.According to the occasion of concrete use and requirement, the comparison of performance, price can be carried out, and carries out the innovation of structure and the optimization of design, to reduce manufacturing cost in design from now on.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of Optimization Design of vehicle alternator leakage field problem.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of Optimization Design of vehicle alternator leakage field problem, and it is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps: step one: FEM (finite element) model basic parameter is arranged, the elementary structure parameter of setting alternating current generator; Step 2: the unloaded electromagnetic model setting the rotor of alternating current generator, stator, stator winding and excitation winding, uses dimensional finite element method to solve motor transient electromagnetic field; Step 3: border interpolation is carried out to the dynamic part of model, with band, motion parts and stationary part is separated, depict the moving region of rotor; Step 4: excitation is added to excitation winding; Step 5: carry out mesh generation to FEM (finite element) model, on the basis of free mesh generation, carries out manual subdivision to needing the part of accurate Calculation; Step 6: definition solves option, comprises the simulation time of unloaded electromagnetic model, step-length and motor speed; Step 7: calculate leakage inductance and carry out quantitative measurement leakage field, leakage inductance comprises groove leakage inductance, harmonic leakage inductance, end-winding leakage inductance.Step 8: the unloaded magnetic leakage factor calculating alternating current generator, carries out electric machine structure parameter optimization for leakage field problem.Basic parameter in described step one comprises: air gap thickness, stator core height, stator tooth width, pawl machine root thickness, MgO-ZrO_2 brick.In described step 2, the domain of motor transient electromagnetic field narrows down to a pair pole, i.e. 1/6th models of pawl pole.When utilization 1/6th model, also need to add principal and subordinate border, to represent that appearance amount repeats the situation changed along round edge.In described step 5, to arrange size as follows for grid: windings section 30deg, stator-rotor iron core, rotating shaft part 10mm, external boundary part 15mm.In described step 6, the model emulation time is 0.0068s, and step-length is 5e-5s, and rotor speed is 6000r/min.Also comprise after described step 6: the model machine electromagnetic model that preceding step is set up is emulated, the test under the same terms has been carried out to model machine simultaneously, result of the test and simulation result are contrasted, the accuracy of checking FEM (finite element) model.In described step 8, electric machine structure parameter optimization selects the structural parameters optimization method based on SVM and Chaos model, and described Chaos optimizing step is:
(1) get the initial value that five have fine difference respectively, use logistic to map generation chaos matrix
n is the data point number producing Chaos Variable, which determines the precision of chaos optimization and the amount of calculation of optimizing process; (2) by variable mappings to be optimized to chaotic space, obtain Chaos Search track; (3) global search; (4), centered by the optimum combination obtained by global search, in its field, the Local Search variable space is obtained; (5) carry out optimizing with the 3rd step method therefor, until the traversal Local Search variable space, obtain Local Search optimal solution.
The present invention has following good effect: the present invention sets up a kind of new design concept, reanalyse and calculate the leakage field of permanent magnet generator, research motor magnetic flux amount and magnetomotive force are also with the material property of magnetic circuit remainder, size and motor operating state, improve magnetic structure and control system, reduce the leakage field of permanent magnet generator, improve the operational efficiency of motor, production control cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the excitation winding after specific embodiment of the invention step 4 adds excitation;
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the network model of specific embodiment of the invention rotor;
Fig. 4 is the network model of specific embodiment of the invention stator;
Fig. 5 is the network model of specific embodiment of the invention excitation winding;
Fig. 6 is the network model of specific embodiment of the invention stator winding;
Fig. 7 is the network model of specific embodiment of the invention band;
Fig. 8 is specific embodiment of the invention claw pole electric generator main flux path;
Fig. 9 is the structural parameters optimizing flow chart of SVM and Chaos of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Contrast accompanying drawing below, by the description to embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is as the effect of the mutual alignment between the shape of involved each component, structure, each several part and annexation, each several part and operation principle, manufacturing process and operation using method etc., be described in further detail, have more complete, accurate and deep understanding to help those skilled in the art to inventive concept of the present invention, technical scheme.
Method step of the present invention is as follows:
Step one, FEM (finite element) model basic parameter are arranged; In order to analyze claw pole electric generator and performance characteristics thereof accurately theoretically, specify its pluses and minuses, and also need a large amount of in line computation in structure parameter optimizing process below, be equivalent to manufacture a large amount of claw pole electric generators, and carry out analyzing to it and study.So except needs rely on test method, use emulated computation method necessary.
In order to set up claw pole electric generator model accurately, the higher Finite Element Method of precision is used to carry out Electromagnetic Modeling to motor herein.In actual applications, Finite Element not only for the calculating of motor model, but also has played indispensable effect in motor calculation machine Computer Aided Design and optimizing research.Finite element, because its computational accuracy is high, strong adaptability, there has been wide application in the analysis and research of claw pole electric generator.
Here is that FEM (finite element) model basic parameter is arranged: the present invention studies in conjunction with the model machine used in actual items, and the major parameter of model machine is as follows: air gap thickness:
; D in formula
sfor diameter of stator bore, D
rfor rotor diameter, stator core height: h=28mm, stator tooth width: t=3.3mm, pawl machine root thickness: w=10.7mm,
MgO-ZrO_2 brick:
; In formula, z is number of stator slots, and m is the number of phases, and p is number of pole-pairs.
Step 2, FEM (finite element) model are set up; The unloaded electromagnetic model of pawl machine generator mainly comprises four parts: rotor, stator, stator winding, excitation winding.
(1) rotor portion
If rotor main is by rotor, often portion, pole shoe and pawl pole are formed.Because Ansoft is not special three-dimensional drawing software, for the rotor portion that structure is comparatively complicated, Drawing Directly has significant limitation, and therefore rotator model is imported in Ansoft by third party software CATIA.When building rotor, three of rotor parts are treated as an entirety, also need to be used as an entirety at follow-up mesh generation and divide.
(2) stationary part
Stationary part by stator often portion and stator teeth form, when building stator, these two parts are also used as an entirety and are set up, so need identical Gridding length to distribute to them in follow-up mesh generation process.
(3) stator winding sections
Stator winding adopts 36 groove three-phase lap wounds, and when modeling by setting up single coil, the winding phase-splitting function then using Ansoft itself to carry carries out phase-splitting to coil.Because winding is an entirety, so when follow-up mesh generation, the straight line portion of winding can not be separated subdivision with end, winding should be carried out overall subdivision.
(4) excitation winding
Excitation winding is formed by multi-turn younger brother E coil winding, passes into direct current to produce excitation field, and in Ansoft, the winding of this type can be used in that to add exciting current in an annulus equivalently represented.
Especially, because it is higher to allocation of computer requirement to use dimensional finite element method to solve motor transient electromagnetic field, in order to reduce amount of calculation and simulation time, when solving, under the prerequisite not affecting simulation result, domain should be reduced as far as possible.The motor that the present invention applies has six to symmetrical pole, and has the characteristic of circumference radial symmetric, and namely magnetic field is often just repeated once through a pair pole, and therefore, domain is narrowed down to a pair pole by calculating of the present invention, is 1/6th models of pawl pole.
Step 3, conditions setting; Because the transient field of PM prototype model that what the present invention solved is, so need the moving region depicting rotor.Border interpolation is carried out to the dynamic part of model, with band, motion parts and stationary part is separated.In addition, when utilization 1/6th model, also need to add principal and subordinate border, to represent that appearance amount repeats the situation changed along round edge, so just can completely obtains the Output rusults of full model.
Step 4, interpolation excitation; After the model boundary condition set up is added, need to add excitation (exciting current) to excitation winding.
Step 5, FEM (finite element) model mesh generation; Carry out mesh generation to built physical model, this is one of step the most key in Finite Element Method, and the fine or not direct relation of mesh generation the accuracy of whole the model calculation.In finite element software, there is powerful mesh generation instrument, effectively can control subdivision process.This network subdivision instrument can the size of unit in given side or body, the density size etc. of unit near key point.Thinner to the mesh generation of model, the result obtained is more accurate, but the increase that time required for solution procedure is also corresponding to the configuration requirement of computer, therefore, need to consider in conjunction with each side factor.Mesh generation is divided into free mesh generation and manual subdivision two kinds, and the present invention, on the basis of free mesh generation, in order to obtain more accurate simulation result, carries out manual subdivision to needing the part of accurate Calculation.
During subdivision, the setting principle of Gridding length is as follows: be divided into one group to identical or close physical model part, arrange identical sizing grid; To larger physical model part, sizing grid can amplify accordingly.To model machine of the present invention, stator winding and excitation winding are divided into one group, stator-rotor iron core, rotating shaft are divided into one group, band-group, region-group.When arranging because region is comparatively large, can be arranged by its sizing grid accordingly greatly a bit, the concrete sizing grid of various piece arranges as follows: Band part (balloon boundary condition CylindricalGap); Windings section: Surface Approximation (maximum normal deviation)=30deg; Stator-rotor iron core, rotating shaft part: Length_main=10mm; External boundary part: Length_regional5mm;
Step 6, definition solve option; Comprise simulation time, step-length and motor speed etc. that model is set.Especially, it is 0.0068s that the present invention arranges the model emulation time, and step-length is 5e-5s, and rotor speed is 6000r/min.
The checking of step 7 FEM (finite element) model accuracy; Preferably, in order to verify reliability and the accuracy of finite element method, the model machine electromagnetic model that preceding step is set up being emulated, the test under the same terms has been carried out to model machine simultaneously, by result of the test and simulation result contrast verification in addition.
The unloaded leakage field analysis of claw pole electric generator of step 8, automobile, when claw pole electric generator is unloaded, the total magnetic flux of rotor claw pole equals leakage flux and main flux sum.Through armature winding (stator coil) and can induce electromotive force be called main flux, the part not through armature winding (stator coil) is called leakage flux.Claw pole electric generator main flux path is as shown in Figure 8: after magnet exciting coil energising, produce axial magnetic flux, this magnetic flux through rotor yoke and pawl extremely after be converted to radial flux.Its main flux through air gap, stator tooth (cutting armature winding), stator tooth, adjacent stator tooth simultaneously, then by air gap to another pawl pole (S pole) through rotor tooth, finally get back to N pole, pawl pole, formed close main flux magnetic loop.
Main flux computing formula:
Wherein, E0---no-load electromotive force (V); KW---winding coefficient; W---the every phase number of turn of stator winding; The form factor of KB---field curve; F---frequency (Hz):
The frequency of alternating current generator induced electromotive force is:
Wherein, n---generator speed (r/min); P pawl pole number of pole-pairs.
Gap density is
Wherein,
to extremely descending air gap area (m2);
stator core covers lower jaw polar the widest part width (m);
stator core covers lower jaw polar the narrowest place width;
stator core covers lower magnetic pole effective length (m).
The special construction of claw-pole motor makes its Leakage flux distribution more complicated, generally can be divided into the leakage flux two parts in leakage flux inside the rotor of pawl pole and outside.Wherein, the leakage flux inside the rotor of pawl pole mainly comprises:
(1) closed between two sides, pawl pole leakage flux
; (2) closed between inclined-plane, pawl pole two leakage flux
; (3) the closed leakage flux between pawl pole and cylindrical yoke
; (4) leakage flux between outside stator core and two pawl poles
; Leakage flux between (5) two magnetic conductive disk outer face, pawl poles
.
FEM (finite element) model emulation can be clearly seen that the overall distribution situation of magnetic flux in motor, also can see the path of main flux simultaneously, namely axial magnetic flux is produced by excitation winding, through rotor magnetic often part arrival pawl pole place, axial magnetic flux is converted to radial flux and enters stator teeth, stator yoke arrival another one pole through air gap by rotor portion, again through another one extremely under stator teeth again return air gap, get back to rotor magnetic often, form a closed loop.
Although emulation can see the extremely inner leakage field of pawl pole interelectrode magnetic leakage and pawl very intuitively, cannot quantitatively calculate.The present invention carrys out quantitative measurement leakage field by calculating leakage inductance.Leakage inductance is an important parameter weighing motor flux leakage situation.Due to stray field situation different at diverse location place in motor, thus determine its magnetic linkage situation produced different.Leakage inductance in motor is generally divided into: 1. groove leakage inductance; 2. harmonic leakage inductance; 3. end-winding leakage inductance.These leakage inductances calculate respectively, then addition can obtain total leakage inductance value.
Step 9, vehicle alternator are for the structure optimization of leakage field problem, and claw pole electric generator electromagnetism computational problem is a very complicated nonlinear problem, and its input/output relation is multi-parameter, are difficult to directly provide by a clear and definite expression formula.In fact, from the angle of mathematical modeling, this input/output relation can carry out abstract expression by a kind of mapping relations.Relation between the unloaded magnetic leakage factor of claw pole electric generator of the present invention's research and each main structure parameters can be expressed as:
In formula, y is the unloaded magnetic leakage factor of claw pole electric generator, and f is the mapping relations between inputoutput data,
for the main structure parameters of claw pole electric generator.
This mapping relations do not have clear and definite mathematics explicit expression, but in the process of structural parameters optimizing claw pole electric generator, require again the online magnetic leakage factor calculated under different parameters value.In preceding step, we utilize dimensional finite element method can calculate the magnetic leakage factor of claw pole electric generator, but in optimizing process, need large-scale iterative computation, Finite Element Method computing time is long, require that configuration is strict, assess the cost height to computer, and practice can not realize.Therefore, the claw pole electric generator Non-parameter modeling based on certain sample data is necessary.
The present invention selects the claw pole electric generator based on SVMs nonlinear regression model (NLRM) and Chaos to optimize electric machine structure parameter.Optimization method based on chaology is one of chaos applications very importance, is also an important directions of optimization method research.The sensitiveness of initial value and topological transitivity are meaned that mixed stewing shows the feature seeming " at random ", makes it in search volume, have extraordinary ergodic, easily jump out local optimum, acquisition global optimum.Can not omit possible optimal solution in search procedure, this is the great advantage of mixed Pure optimized algorithm.
Chaos Search is generally divided into two stages, and the first stage, based on the mapping relations of Chaos Variable, searches for a rough optimal solution at global space.Second stage for search center, carries out fine searching with the Search Results of first stage in its territory.Whole search procedure obtains an overall situation and locally optimal solution, has so both avoided and has been absorbed in local minimum, obtained global optimum again.
The structure parameter optimizing problem of claw pole electric generator is five inputs output problem, and what chaotic optimization algorithm needed solution is one five problem tieed up, and therefore needs to produce five not co-orbital Chaos Variable simultaneously.
(1) get the initial value that five have fine difference respectively, use logistic to map generation chaos matrix
n is the data point number producing Chaos Variable, which determines the precision of chaos optimization and the amount of calculation of optimizing process.
(2) by variable mappings to be optimized to chaotic space, obtain Chaos Search track.
(3) global search.
(4), centered by the optimum combination obtained by global search, in its field, the Local Search variable space is obtained.
(5) carry out optimizing with the 3rd step method therefor, until the traversal Local Search variable space, obtain Local Search optimal solution.
Above by reference to the accompanying drawings to invention has been exemplary description; obvious specific implementation of the present invention is not subject to the restrictions described above; as long as have employed the improvement of the various unsubstantialities that method of the present invention is conceived and technical scheme is carried out; or design of the present invention and technical scheme directly applied to other occasion, all within protection scope of the present invention without to improve.
Claims (8)
1. an Optimization Design for vehicle alternator leakage field problem, is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
Step one: FEM (finite element) model basic parameter is arranged, the elementary structure parameter of setting alternating current generator;
Step 2: the unloaded electromagnetic model setting the rotor of alternating current generator, stator, stator winding and excitation winding, uses dimensional finite element method to solve motor transient electromagnetic field;
Step 3: border interpolation is carried out to the dynamic part of model, with band, motion parts and stationary part is separated, depict the moving region of rotor;
Step 4: excitation is added to excitation winding;
Step 5: carry out mesh generation to FEM (finite element) model, on the basis of free mesh generation, carries out manual subdivision to needing the part of accurate Calculation;
Step 6: definition solves option, comprises the simulation time of unloaded electromagnetic model, step-length and motor speed;
Step 7: calculate leakage inductance and carry out quantitative measurement leakage field, leakage inductance comprises groove leakage inductance, harmonic leakage inductance, end-winding leakage inductance;
Step 8: the unloaded magnetic leakage factor calculating alternating current generator, carries out electric machine structure parameter optimization for leakage field problem.
2. the Optimization Design of vehicle alternator leakage field problem according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the basic parameter in described step one comprises: air gap thickness, stator core height, stator tooth width, pawl machine root thickness, MgO-ZrO_2 brick.
3. the Optimization Design of vehicle alternator leakage field problem according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, the domain of motor transient electromagnetic field narrows down to a pair pole, i.e. 1/6th models of pawl pole.
4. the Optimization Design of vehicle alternator leakage field problem according to claim 3, is characterized in that, when utilization 1/6th model, also needs to add principal and subordinate border, to represent that appearance amount repeats the situation changed along round edge.
5. the Optimization Design of vehicle alternator leakage field problem according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 5, to arrange size as follows for grid: windings section 30deg, stator-rotor iron core, rotating shaft part 10mm, external boundary part 15mm.
6. the Optimization Design of vehicle alternator leakage field problem according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 6, the model emulation time is 0.0068s, and step-length is 5e-5s, and rotor speed is 6000r/min.
7. the Optimization Design of vehicle alternator leakage field problem according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise after described step 6: the model machine electromagnetic model that preceding step is set up is emulated, test under the same terms has been carried out to model machine simultaneously, result of the test and simulation result are contrasted, the accuracy of checking FEM (finite element) model.
8. the Optimization Design of vehicle alternator leakage field problem according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 8, electric machine structure parameter optimization selects the structural parameters optimization method based on SVM and Chaos model, and described Chaos optimizing step is:
(1) get the initial value that five have fine difference respectively, use logistic to map generation chaos matrix
n is the data point number producing Chaos Variable, which determines the precision of chaos optimization and the amount of calculation of optimizing process;
(2) by variable mappings to be optimized to chaotic space, obtain Chaos Search track;
(3) global search;
(4), centered by the optimum combination obtained by global search, in its field, the Local Search variable space is obtained;
(5) carry out optimizing with the 3rd step method therefor, until the traversal Local Search variable space, obtain Local Search optimal solution.
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| CN105978434A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-28 | 上海交通大学 | Method and system for controlling maximum torque-to-current ratio of permanent magnetic synchronous motor |
| CN112417611A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2021-02-26 | 北京化工大学 | Automatic balance structure design method based on magnetic circuit optimization |
| CN112713729A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-27 | 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所） | Electromagnetic design method for surface-mounted permanent magnet motor |
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| CN105978434A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-28 | 上海交通大学 | Method and system for controlling maximum torque-to-current ratio of permanent magnetic synchronous motor |
| CN105978434B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2019-03-22 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of permanent magnet synchronous motor maximum torque per ampere control method and control system |
| CN112417611A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2021-02-26 | 北京化工大学 | Automatic balance structure design method based on magnetic circuit optimization |
| CN112417611B (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2024-03-26 | 北京化工大学 | Automatic balance structure design method based on magnetic circuit optimization |
| CN112713729A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-27 | 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所） | Electromagnetic design method for surface-mounted permanent magnet motor |
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Application publication date: 20150218 |