CN104362500A - High-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser - Google Patents

High-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser Download PDF

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CN104362500A
CN104362500A CN201410730115.6A CN201410730115A CN104362500A CN 104362500 A CN104362500 A CN 104362500A CN 201410730115 A CN201410730115 A CN 201410730115A CN 104362500 A CN104362500 A CN 104362500A
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pulse
fiber
energy
crystal
amplifier
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CN104362500B (en
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曾和平
郝强
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GUANGDONG LANGYAN TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.
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Nanjing Roi Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser which comprises a seed pulse oscillator (1), a chirped pulse stretcher (2), a fiber pre-amplifier (3), a pulse separation device (4) and a nonlinear amplification compressor (5), wherein a pulse output by the seed pulse oscillator (1) is stretched through the chirped pulse stretcher (2) and then is pre-amplified through the fiber pre-amplifier (3), then a separated pulse is generated through the pulse separation device (4), and is injected into the nonlinear amplification compressor (5) to generate a high-energy separated ultrashort pulse, the high-energy separated ultrashort pulse enters the pulse separation device (4) again for beam combination, and then high-energy ultrashort pulse laser is output. The high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser disclosed by the invention realizes the organic combination of chirped pulse amplification and non-linear pulse compression by adopting a pulse separation method, thereby effectively preventing the excessive high-order chromatic dispersion from being introduced in a pulse stretching process and effectively controlling the non-linear effect in a nonlinear amplification process. According to the high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser disclosed by the invention, a method is simple and easily operated by controlling pulse separation through an optical crystal quantity; the high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser can be suitable for the laser amplification of a plurality of wave bands.

Description

A kind of high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser technology field, particularly a kind of high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser, particularly adopt discrete pulse to produce the fiber laser of high-energy ultra-short pulse laser in conjunction with Image magnify.
Background technology
High energy ultrashort pulse has very important application demand in basic scientific research, industrial precision manufactureing and empty sky satellite communication aspects.Along with the continuous innovation of laser technology and the rapid expansion of application demand, fiber laser is miniaturized, portable with it, high energy efficiency, non-maintaining characteristic enter the visual field of application.Under the impact of fiber laser, traditional LASER Light Source, the inferior position that particularly solid-state laser volume is large, power consumption is high is further obvious.But, solid-state laser still has critical role in the generation of high-energy femtosecond pulse and application aspect, its major reason exactly except solid-state laser other light source rare single pulse energy can be provided more than 1mJ, pulse duration is less than the laser pulse of 100fs.
Current, the output-index of fiber laser, at Step wise approximation solid state laser, adopts chirped pulse amplification, and the pulse that can obtain higher single pulse energy exports.As, the optical-fiber laser of single pulse energy 2 μ J, pulse duration 220fs obtains confirmation (131W 220fs fiber laser system.Optics Letters Vol.30, Iss.20, pp.2754-2756,2005) experimentally; Based on the Laser output that optical-fiber laser achieves single pulse energy 2.2mJ then, pulse duration is 500fs (Fiber chirped-pulse amplification system emitting 3.8GW peak power.Optics Express Vol.19, Iss.1, pp.255-260,2011).But adopt the more difficult pulse realizing below 100fs of chirped pulse amplification to export, main cause has following 2 points.One, in order to reduce the nonlinear effect of high energy pulse amplification process in chirped pulse amplification process, the excessive high-order dispersion being difficult to compress can be produced while introducing a large amount of 2nd order chromatic dispersion, and effectively cannot realize dispersion compensation in follow-up pulse compression process; Its two, because laser amplification procedure is often along with Gain-narrowing effect, causes the laser spectroscopy after amplifying to compare seed spectrum and narrow down a lot, cannot support that the pulse laser of 100fs exports.
In order to produce the spectral width supporting that 100fs pulse exports, overcome the high-order dispersion of chirped pulse amplification process, effective compression pulse, scientific research personnel also been proposed nonlinear fiber pulse amplifying scheme.Nonlinear pulse amplification process is just in time contrary with chirped pulse amplification process, is not stretched pulse width and overcome non-linear in advance, but compressed pulse widths utilize non-linear in advance.Rely on the peak power improving and enter the injected pulse of fiber amplifier, the spectrum of amp pulse is expanded greatly by means of nonlinear effect (mainly self phase modulation), and adopt the pulse shortener similar with chirped pulse amplification, realize pulse compression.Image magnify scheme obtains single pulse energy experimentally close to 1 μ J, the pulse of pulse duration 27fs exports (57W, 27fs pulsesfrom a fiber laser system using nonlinear compression.Applied Physics B, Volume 92, Issue 1, pp 9-12,2008).But nonlinear pulse amplifies scheme also himself drawback, more difficultly realize the Laser output of single pulse energy more than 1mJ.Main cause is that the high peak power pulse in high energy ultrashort pulse amplification process can produce the nonlinear effect except self phase modulation such as self focusing, stimulated Raman scattering, Cross-phase Modulation, and these effects can make pulse shape and frequency spectrum distort, even destroy laser amplification medium, high-quality pulse compression cannot be realized.
In sum, the generation scheme of current high energy ultrashort pulse is all chirped pulse amplification or nonlinear pulse amplifying technique, and its output-index still needs to weigh between both macro-energy or short pulse.In addition, no matter be that chirped pulse amplification or nonlinear pulse are amplified, laser energy amplify after all need additional space optical element (as grating pair, prism to or chirped mirror) carry out dispersion compensation, by pulse compression to femtosecond magnitude.So how to be simplified by pulse shortener is also the important topic that fiber laser technology is reformed.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art in high energy ultrashort pulse fiber amplifier process, namely realize single pulse energy more than 1mJ while, realize the pulse output that pulse duration is less than 100fs again, the invention provides a kind of high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser, with discrete pulse method for bridge, achieve organically blending of chirped pulse amplification and nonlinear pulse amplifying technique, can effectively produce high energy ultra-short pulse laser.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser, comprises seed pulse oscillator, chirp pulse stretcher, predispersed fiber amplifier, pulse-separator unit and Image magnify compressor reducer; Wherein seed pulse oscillator output end is connected with the input of chirp pulse stretcher; The output connecting fiber prime amplifier of described chirp pulse stretcher, described chirp pulse stretcher is introduced and is just warbled, and the dispersion measure namely introduced is normal dispersion; The output of described predispersed fiber amplifier connects pulse-separator unit; Described pulse-separator unit is provided with two outputs, and one of them output connected nonlinearity amplifies the input of compressor reducer, and another output is total output of laser; Input and the output of described Image magnify compressor reducer are same port, and the optical fiber wherein comprised is negative dispersion optical fiber, for compensating just warbling of producing in chirp pulse stretcher and Image magnify process;
Seed pulse oscillator produces initial output pulse A; Chirp pulse stretcher is used for initially exporting pulse A pulse duration broadening, produces stretched pulse B; Predispersed fiber amplifier is used for stretched pulse B to carry out power pre-amplification, produces pre-amplification pulse laser C; Pulse-separator unit is used for pre-amplification pulse laser C to carry out pulse separation, produces discrete pulse D; Pulse-separator unit has two outputs, and one of them output is for exporting discrete pulse D to Image magnify compressor reducer, and another output is as the total output of whole high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser; Image magnify compressor reducer is used for discrete pulse D high power pulse to amplify and pulse compression, produces high energy and is separated ultrashort pulse E; The output of Image magnify compressor reducer and its input are same port, and high energy separation ultrashort pulse E enters pulse-separator unit again via the output of Image magnify compressor reducer, realizes pulse and closes bundle; Finally export high energy ultrashort pulse F from the total output of pulse-separator unit;
Preferably, described seed pulse oscillator adopts nonlinear polarization rotation locked mode, saturable absorber locked mode or Graphene mode locking pulse oscillator;
Preferably, described seed pulse oscillator adopts nonlinear polarization rotation locked mode, comprise semiconductor laser (LD), gain fibre (GF) and wavelength division multiplexer, optical isolator, the multi-functional unification device (WDM/OI/OC) of beam splitter, described semiconductor laser provides pump energy;
Preferably, described chirp pulse stretcher is correspond to the normal dispersion fiber of initial output pulse laser wavelength of seed pulse oscillator, photonic crystal fiber, coupling fiber grating pair or coupling fiber prism pair;
Preferably, described predispersed fiber amplifier comprises coupling fiber polarization beam apparatus (F-PBS), single-mode optical fiber amplifier (SMFA) and the first Faraday speculum (FRM); The stretched pulse B inputted from described chirp pulse stretcher reflects twice through described single-mode optical fiber amplifier through described first Faraday speculum, and the pre-amplification pulse C of generation exports through described coupling fiber polarization beam apparatus; Predispersed fiber amplifier is double-pass gain, makes stretched pulse B realize light path complementation, can reduce environmental impact, improves and amplifies stability;
Preferably, described pulse-separator unit comprises a pair optical fiber collimator (Col), half-wave plate (HWP), polarization beam apparatus (PBS) and cascade polarized beam splitting crystal (Divider); From the pre-amplification pulse C of described predispersed fiber amplifier input successively through optical fiber collimator, half-wave plate, polarization beam apparatus, cascade polarized beam splitting crystal and another optical fiber collimator, export discrete pulse D laser;
Preferably, described cascade polarized beam splitting crystal is made up of the optical crystal cascade of the optical crystal of birefringece crystal and/or polarization beam splitting cube;
Preferably, described birefringece crystal is yttrium vanadate crystal;
Preferably, described polarization beam splitting cube is equipped with right angle reflector respectively, described cascade polarized beam splitting crystal by length become successively the first birefringece crystal of multiple proportion, the second birefringece crystal, the 3rd birefringece crystal and and proportional successively the first polarization beam splitting in right angle reflector interval cube, the second polarization beam splitting cube, the 3rd polarization beam splitting cube in turn cascade form;
Pulse-separator unit relies on optical crystal to produce discrete pulse to the late effect of different polarization light, by increasing optical crystal quantity, effectively can realize the control that paired pulses is separated number, and then control the nonlinear effect of Image magnify compressor reducer, realize organically blending of chirped pulse amplification and nonlinear pulse amplifying technique; In discrete pulse D, include the subpulse that several are separated, discrete pulse D neutron pulse has different polarization states; The pulse spacing of adjacent subpulse is determined by the birefringece crystal that length is minimum, and in order to more effective discrete pulse, can add polarization beam splitting cube again, two polarization direction pulse daley differences are determined by the interval of polarization beam splitting cubic nonlinearity right angle reflector; The pulse train of duration at nanosecond order can be produced;
Preferably, described Image magnify compressor reducer comprises nonlinear amplifier and the second Faraday speculum, and nonlinear amplifier can use double-cladding fiber amplifier (DCFA); The discrete pulse D inputted from described pulse-separator unit reflects twice through described nonlinear amplifier through described second Faraday speculum, exports high energy and is separated ultrashort pulse E;
Described Image magnify compressor reducer adopts double-pass gain structure, the discrete pulse D first time of input produces linear power amplification and pulse compression by during this amplifier, second time produces linear power amplification and non-linear pulse-compression by during this amplifier, path commute, and light path is complementary; Wherein, non-linear pulse-compression is that the pulse compression caused by the negative dispersion of the non-linear broadening of the spectrum in laser amplification procedure and amplifying fiber is formed jointly; This discrete pulse amplification method not only can overcome the excessive nonlinear effect in fiber amplifier process, and can effectively utilize nonlinear effect to overcome conventional amplification process intermediate frequency spectrum to narrow effect, obtain the frequency spectrum wider than seed injection light pulse, and then produce the pulse being less than 100fs; The high energy exported is separated ultrashort pulse E and automatically synthesizes a high energy ultrashort pulse F in pulse isolation module, finally exports pulse and is less than 100fs, do not need extra dispersion compensation device to carry out pulse compression.
Technical solution of the present invention has following technique effect:
1. the present invention adopts pulse separation method, not only can effectively avoid introducing excessive high-order dispersion in pulse stretching process, and can effectively control nonlinear effect in Image magnify process, realize organically blending of chirped pulse amplification and non-linear pulse-compression, produce high energy ultrashort pulse;
2. the present invention realizes pulse separation by the birefringece crystal and polarization beam splitting cube adopting cascade; By increasing optical crystal quantity, effectively can realize the control that paired pulses is separated number, and then controlling the nonlinear Evolution process of laser amplification procedure, simple;
3. the present invention is applicable to the laser amplifier of multiple wave band, only needs the normal dispersion medium stretched pulse adopted at chirp pulse stretcher, adopts negative dispersion optical fiber to carry out pulse compression at Image magnify compressor reducer.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is laser works process schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is laser structure functional schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is laser pulse separator structural representation of the present invention.
Wherein:
1. seed pulse oscillator; 11. semiconductor lasers; 12. gain fibres; The multi-functional unification device of 13. wavelength division multiplexers, optical isolator, beam splitter;
2. chirp pulse stretcher;
3. predispersed fiber amplifier; 31. coupling fiber polarization beam apparatus; 32. single-mode optical fiber amplifier; 33. first Faraday speculums;
4. pulse-separator unit; 41. optical fiber collimators; 42. half-wave plates; 43. polarization beam apparatus; 44. cascade polarized beam splitting crystal; 441. first birefringece crystals; 442. second birefringece crystals; 443. the 3rd birefringece crystals; 444. first polarization beam splittings cube; 445. second polarization beam splittings cube; 446. the 3rd polarization beam splittings cube; 447. right angle reflector;
5. Image magnify compressor reducer; 51. nonlinear amplifiers; 52. second Faraday speculums;
A. initially pulse is exported; B. stretched pulse; C. pre-amplification pulse; D. discrete pulse; E. high energy is separated ultrashort pulse; F. high energy ultrashort pulse.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, by embodiment, the present invention will be further described, to understand the present invention better.
As shown in Figure 1, high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser comprises seed pulse oscillator 1, chirp pulse stretcher 2, predispersed fiber amplifier 3, pulse-separator unit 4 and Image magnify compressor reducer 5, and above five parts can form high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser.
The oscillator of seed pulse shown in Fig. 21 adopts the pulse oscillator of nonlinear polarization rotation locked mode, employ semiconductor laser 11, gain fibre 12 and wavelength division multiplexer, optical isolator, the multi-functional unification device 13 of beam splitter, seed pulse oscillator 1 provides pump energy by semiconductor laser 11.
Chirp pulse stretcher 2 can be correspond to the normal dispersion fiber of initial output pulse A optical maser wavelength of seed pulse oscillator 1, photonic crystal fiber, coupling fiber grating pair or coupling fiber prism pair, exports stretched pulse B laser.
Predispersed fiber amplifier 3 includes the first Faraday speculum 33 of coupling fiber polarization beam apparatus 31, single-mode optical fiber amplifier 32 and coupling fiber.Predispersed fiber amplifier 3 is double-pass gain, to make before and after stretched pulse B twice after single-mode optical fiber amplifier 32, exports pre-amplification pulse C laser by coupling fiber polarization beam apparatus 31.
The output of predispersed fiber amplifier 3 is connected with pulse-separator unit 4, for pre-amplification pulse C is carried out pulse separation, produces discrete pulse D.
Pulse-separator unit 4 comprises a pair optical fiber collimator, 41, half-wave plate, 42, polarization beam apparatus 43 and cascade polarized beam splitting crystal 44; Pulse-separator unit 4 has two outputs, and wherein the first output is for exporting discrete pulse D, and the second output, as the final output of whole high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser, exports high energy ultrashort pulse F.
Described cascade polarized beam splitting crystal 44 is made up of the optical crystal cascade based on birefringece crystal and polarization beam splitting cube, relies on optical crystal to produce discrete pulse to the late effect of different polarization light; Wherein yttrium vanadate crystal selected by birefringece crystal.As shown in Figure 3, altogether cascade three birefringece crystals and three polarization beam splittings cube, are respectively the first birefringece crystal 441, second birefringece crystal 442, the 3rd birefringece crystal 443 and the first polarization beam splitting cube the 444, second polarization beam splitting of coordinating with right angle reflector 447 cubes 445 and the 3rd polarization beam splitting cubes 446;
Rely on and regulate half-wave plate 42 to make the polarization direction of incident pre-amplification pulse C laser with the optical axis included angle of birefringece crystal be and 45 °, pre-amplification pulse C is separated into o polarized pulses and e polarized pulses, produces pulse delay by the refractive index difference of crystal two polarization directions.Use three length to become the birefringece crystal of multiple proportion that separating for several times is carried out in incident pulse by cascade, the pulse spacing of adjacent subpulse is determined by the first birefringece crystal 441 that length is minimum.In order to more effective discrete pulse, produce more subpulse, can adopt as three polarization beam splittings cube shown on the right side of Fig. 3.By choosing suitable incident polarization angle, the pulse be separated can be separated further by birefringece crystal; Incident light is divided into horizontal polarization and vertical polarization two polarization directions via polarization beam splitting cube.Wherein horizontal polarization light without deviation by polarization beam splitting cube, and vertical polarization produces 90 ° of deflections, is converging via right angle reflector and horizontal polarization light conllinear.Two polarization direction pulse daley differences are determined by the interval of polarization beam splitting cubic nonlinearity right angle reflector 447, can produce the pulse train of duration at nanosecond order like this; The output of pulse-separator unit 4 is connected with the input of Image magnify compressor reducer 5, for discrete pulse D is injected Image magnify compressor reducer 5.
Image magnify compressor reducer 5, adopts double-pass gain structure, the discrete pulse D namely inputted first time by after nonlinear amplifier 51, reflected by second faraday's speculum 52 and second time by this amplifier.Discrete pulse D first time carries out linear power amplification and pulse compression by during this amplifier, and second time produces linear power amplification and non-linear pulse-compression by during this amplifier; Wherein, non-linear pulse-compression is that the pulse compression caused by the negative dispersion of the non-linear broadening of the spectrum in laser amplification procedure and amplifying fiber is formed jointly.The output of Image magnify compressor reducer 5 and its input are same port, and high energy separation ultrashort pulse E enters pulse-separator unit 4 again via the output of Image magnify compressor reducer 5, realizes pulse and closes bundle, synthesize a high energy ultrashort pulse F laser.
Discrete pulse amplification method described in embodiment not only can overcome the excessive nonlinear effect in fiber amplifier process, and can effectively utilize nonlinear effect to overcome conventional amplification process intermediate frequency spectrum to narrow effect, obtain the frequency spectrum wider than seed injection light pulse, and then produce the pulse being less than 100fs.
Should be understood that above-described embodiment only for technical conceive of the present invention and feature are described, its object is to understand content of the present invention for those skilled in the art and implement according to this, not embodiment is exhaustive, can not limit the scope of the invention with this.All technical schemes according to the present invention are modified or equivalent replacement, and do not depart from aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, and it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser, is characterized in that: comprise seed pulse oscillator (1), chirp pulse stretcher (2), predispersed fiber amplifier (3), pulse-separator unit (4) and Image magnify compressor reducer (5); Wherein
Described seed pulse oscillator (1) output is connected with the input of chirp pulse stretcher (2);
The output connecting fiber prime amplifier (3) of described chirp pulse stretcher (2), described chirp pulse stretcher (2) is introduced and is just warbled;
The output of described predispersed fiber amplifier (3) connects pulse-separator unit (4);
Described pulse-separator unit (4) is provided with two outputs, and one of them output connected nonlinearity amplifies the input of compressor reducer (5), and another output is total output of laser;
Input and the output of described Image magnify compressor reducer (5) are same port, and the optical fiber wherein comprised is negative dispersion optical fiber.
2. high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described seed pulse oscillator (1) adopts nonlinear polarization rotation locked mode, saturable absorber locked mode or Graphene mode locking pulse oscillator.
3. high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described seed pulse oscillator (1) adopts nonlinear polarization rotation locked mode, comprise semiconductor laser (11), gain fibre (12) and wavelength division multiplexer, optical isolator, the multi-functional unification device (13) of beam splitter, described semiconductor laser (11) provides pump energy.
4. high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described chirp pulse stretcher (2) is correspond to the normal dispersion fiber of initial output pulse (A) optical maser wavelength of seed pulse oscillator (1), photonic crystal fiber, coupling fiber grating pair or coupling fiber prism pair.
5. high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described predispersed fiber amplifier (3) comprises coupling fiber polarization beam apparatus (31), single-mode optical fiber amplifier (32) and the first Faraday speculum (33); The stretched pulse (B) inputted from described chirp pulse stretcher (2) reflects twice through described single-mode optical fiber amplifier (32) through described first Faraday speculum (33), and the pre-amplification pulse (C) of generation exports through described coupling fiber polarization beam apparatus (31).
6. high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described pulse-separator unit (4) comprises a pair optical fiber collimator (41), half-wave plate (42), polarization beam apparatus (43) and cascade polarized beam splitting crystal (44); The pre-amplification pulse (C) inputted from described predispersed fiber amplifier (3), successively through optical fiber collimator (41), half-wave plate (42), polarization beam apparatus (43), cascade polarized beam splitting crystal (44) and another optical fiber collimator (41), exports discrete pulse (D) laser.
7. high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described cascade polarized beam splitting crystal (44) is made up of the optical crystal cascade of the optical crystal of birefringece crystal and/or polarization beam splitting cube.
8. high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described birefringece crystal is yttrium vanadate crystal.
9. high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described polarization beam splitting cube is equipped with right angle reflector (447) respectively, described cascade polarized beam splitting crystal (44) is become first birefringece crystal (441) of multiple proportion successively by length, second birefringece crystal (442), 3rd birefringece crystal (443) and and proportional successively the first polarization beam splitting cube (444) in right angle reflector (447) interval, second polarization beam splitting cube (445), 3rd polarization beam splitting cube (446) is cascade composition in turn.
10. the high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber laser according to any one of claim 1 to 9, is characterized in that: described Image magnify compressor reducer (5) comprises nonlinear amplifier (51) and the second Faraday speculum (52); The discrete pulse (D) inputted from described pulse-separator unit (4) reflects twice through described nonlinear amplifier (51) through described second Faraday speculum (52), exports high energy and is separated ultrashort pulse (E).
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CN113243064B (en) * 2018-12-10 2024-06-11 通快激光有限责任公司 Laser system and method for operating such a laser system

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CN104934841A (en) * 2015-06-23 2015-09-23 南京朗研光电科技有限公司 High-energy pulse laser separation and compression method and device
CN105591277A (en) * 2016-03-01 2016-05-18 上海理工大学 Double-pass polarized stable all-fiber amplification device
CN110785899A (en) * 2017-05-09 2020-02-11 活性纤维系统有限公司 Short pulse laser with high temporal contrast
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CN113243064A (en) * 2018-12-10 2021-08-10 通快激光有限责任公司 Laser system and method for operating such a laser system
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CN113366713A (en) * 2019-01-31 2021-09-07 Ipg光子公司 Ultrashort pulse laser source with chirped pulse amplification and trimming pulse sequence
CN111641098A (en) * 2020-04-24 2020-09-08 科谱(宁波)科技有限公司 Device for generating high-energy ultrashort pulse and working method thereof
CN111934176A (en) * 2020-08-07 2020-11-13 中国科学院物理研究所 Few-cycle-magnitude high-energy femtosecond pulse generation device and application

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