CN104357496A - Method for synthesizing caproic acid by catalyzing lactic acid through microorganisms - Google Patents

Method for synthesizing caproic acid by catalyzing lactic acid through microorganisms Download PDF

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CN104357496A
CN104357496A CN201410593446.XA CN201410593446A CN104357496A CN 104357496 A CN104357496 A CN 104357496A CN 201410593446 A CN201410593446 A CN 201410593446A CN 104357496 A CN104357496 A CN 104357496A
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acid
caproic acid
clostridium
lactic acid
caproic
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陶勇
朱晓宇
何晓红
李大平
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Chengdu Institute of Biology of CAS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for synthesizing caproic acid by catalyzing lactic acid through microorganisms. According to the method, specific functional florae are adopted to biologically synthesize caproic acid from lactic acid in a culture liquid or wastewater. By adopting the method that lactic acid is adopted as the electron donor for producing caproic acid, the efficiency is increased by more than 20% when being compared with that of a conventional method that ethanol is adopted as an electron donor for producing caproic acid, the toxicity resistance concentration of the caproic acid functional bacterium to metabolites (caproic acid) is increased by more than 2 times when being compared with that of reported caproic acid bacteria, and the caproic acid functional bacterium has the characteristics of high conversion rate and high stress resistance. When the lactic acid as a non-fuel substance which is easy to obtain is converted into caproic acid, the conversion efficiency is high, and the high industrial practicability is achieved.

Description

A kind of method by microorganism catalysis lactic acid synthesizing hexanoic acid
Technical field
The present invention relates to environment bioengineering and fermentation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method of producing caproic acid, particularly by the method for microorganism catalysis lactic acid synthesizing hexanoic acid.
Technical background
Caproic acid (n-caproate) is the medium chain fatty acid (C containing six carbon atom 5h 11cOOH), hydrophobicity is strong, and energy density is high, is a kind of important industrial chemicals, can be directly used in animal-feed, green antibacterial agent and inhibiter and produce.Its esters product is widely used in the industry such as food spice, resin, rubber, pharmacy.In addition, caproic acid is the synthesis precursor of biofuel, can be biofuel or rocket engine fuel by vitochemical method indirect reformer.
The production method of acid can be divided into chemosynthesis, natural product (as coconut wet goods) extraction and microorganism catalysis three kinds.Commercially producing of caproic acid is mainly the chemosynthesis of raw material based on oil.By the impact that petroleum resources worsening shortages and environmental requirement improve constantly, this method will run into challenge; In addition, along with the expansion of caproic acid and derivative Application Areas thereof, the application of the caproic acid product of petroleum resources receives increasing restriction, particularly at health fields such as food and medicines.The caproic acid health and safety more of natural product extraction, but be but subject to the restriction of the factors such as raw material, region, be thus difficult to promote.Compared to first two method, microorganism catalysis synthesizing hexanoic acid, employing be safe renewable resources as raw material, there is not the restriction of Application Areas in its product yet, production process does not also limit by regions such as raw material sources, thus has the industrialization potential of better value and Sustainable development.
It is that a carbochain extends process that microorganism catalysis produces caproic acid, and namely microorganism passes through the reversed reaction approach of beta-oxidation to short chain fatty acid C 2-C 4, carry out carbochain prolongation, synthesis medium chain fatty acid (C 6-C 8).Occurring in nature only has only a few microorganism to have carbochain extension function, is mainly some kinds of fusobacterium (Clostridumsp.) and eubacterium (Eubacteriumsp.).Most study and the most deep be kirschner clostridium (Clostridium klyuveri), this bacterium is by oxidation of ethanol and the combination against beta-oxidation approach, take ethanol as electron donor, acetic acid be electron acceptor(EA) synthesizing hexanoic acid (The Synthesis of Butyric and Caproic Acids from Ethanol and Acetic Acid by Clostridium Kluyveri.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.1945Dec; 31 (12): 373 – 381.).Its metabolic process can be summarized as three linked reactions, and oxidation of ethanol is acetic acid, and acetic acid is combined with ethanol and forms butyric acid, and last butyric acid is combined with ethanol and forms caproic acid.Although it is a kind of clean energy technology that microorganism catalysis produces caproic acid, the limiting factor that but existence two is important:
1, substrate simplification, poor selectivity.The substrate (electron donor) the most suitable reported now is ethanol, needs additional ethanol, thus restricted application, and add synthesis cost in building-up process.Hydrogen in theory also can as electron donor, but is unfavorable for that caproic acid synthesizes due to the security of hydrogen and low solubility, and the price of hydrogen own is higher, so this type of research is very few, although also there is the bacterium of minority, as Megasphaera elsdenii T81 and Clostridium sp.BS-1, the fermentation synthesizing hexanoic acid of glucose or melampyrum can be passed through, but prospect (the Weimer P.J. & Moen G.N.Quantitative analysis of growth and volatile fatty acid production by the anaerobic ruminal bacterium Megasphaera elsdenii T81.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol.2013 of industrial applications is not possessed because fermentation using bacteria product is complicated and pathways metabolism is unknown, 97:4075 – 4081, Byoung Seung Jeon & Byung-Chun Kim & Youngsoon Um & Byoung-In Sang Production of hexanoic acid from D-galactitol by a newly isolated Clostridium sp.BS-1Appl Microbiol Biotechnol.2010,88:1161 – 1167).
2, the retarding effect of end product makes the raising of caproic acid concentration have difficulties.Because caproic acid has larger toxicity to microorganism, when concentration is higher, microbial growth and activity can be suppressed.Especially when environment pH close to or dissociation constant (pKa=4.8) lower than caproic acid time, do not dissociate in solution caproic acid and bio-toxicity thereof can significantly improve.Due to the restraining effect of caproic acid, in building-up process caproic acid concentration reach certain level (maximum concentration reported is 12.6g/L) be just difficult to continue improve.This adds increased the extraction cost in later stage, be unfavorable for the industrial applications of microorganism catalysis synthesizing hexanoic acid technology.
3, anaerobic methane production can cause substrate shunt and fall hydrogen partial pressure, makes product caproic acid decrease in efficiency.Adding inhibitor can suppress methane to produce, but expensive, is unsuitable for industrial applications.
Lactic acid is one of main products of starchiness fermentation.Utilize fermentable to produce the industrial technology comparative maturity of lactic acid at present, achieve heavy industrialization lactic acid-producing.Vegetable fibre hydrolyzates more cheap from now on etc. likely as the new raw material producing lactic acid, are expected to its biological cost is reduced further.Research display microorganism can catalysis lactic acid synthetic butyric acid (Prabhu R, Altman E, Eiteman MA.Lactate and acrylatemetabolism by Megasphaera elsdenii under batch and steadystateconditions.Appl Environ Microbiol 2012,78:8564-8570; Munoz-Tamayo R, Laroche B, Walter E, et al.Kinetic modelling of lactate utilization andbutyrate production by key human colonic bacterial species.FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2011,76:615-624), show that lactic acid can be carbochain prolongation and provides electron donor.But, yet there are no the pertinent literature and patent report that utilize lactic acid synthesizing hexanoic acid.
Based on the day by day rare of chemical synthesis raw material and product restriction, and the advantage that the caproic acid of biogenetic derivation has, be necessary the method for development utilization production of renewable energy resources caproic acid, supplement or substitute existing chemical synthesis process.In addition, microbial method of the present invention also can utilize the waste organic acid in fermentation waste water (as lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid) to produce caproic acid, thus realizes the resource utilization of waste water, has larger development potentiality.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method of microorganism catalysis lactic acid synthesizing hexanoic acid.Method involved in the present invention take lactic acid as electron donor, and by caproic acid functional flora under anaerobic, acetic acid or butyric acid are electron acceptor(EA), extend synthesizing hexanoic acid by carbochain.
For achieving the above object, this invention takes following technical scheme:
By a method for microorganism catalysis lactic acid synthesizing hexanoic acid, it is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
Step one, be inoculated into caproic acid functional flora containing liquid nutrient medium anaerobically fermenting bottle, 25-35 DEG C of Anaerobic culturel 3-5d, obtains OD 600for the bacteria suspension of 3-5;
Step 2, above-mentioned bacteria suspension is proceeded to containing in the nutrient solution of lactic acid or the anaerobic reactor of waste water, keep temperature of reactor at 25-35 DEG C, thalline is adsorbed onto in fixed film filler, until bacteria suspension OD in reactor 600value no longer declines;
Step 3, the nutrient solution containing lactic acid adding about 15%-25% in the anaerobic reactor of step 2 or waste water, 25-35 DEG C of Anaerobic culturel, controls reactor pH at 5.5-5.8 by NaOH and HCl; After lactic acid exhausts, then replace with the fresh medium of about 15%-25%/waste water, adopt batch addition manner to repeat above operation, until caproic acid concentration >15g/L;
Step 4, after caproic acid concentration >15g/L stablizes 5-7d, change continuous mode into and pump into nutrient solution or waste water, maintain lactic acid concn at 3-20g/L, by the mode of continuously fermenting, lactic acid is converted into caproic acid, obtain the fermented liquid containing caproic acid;
Step 5, the caproic acid extracted in fermented liquid;
Substratum described in above-mentioned steps one to four is: 5.0-25g lactic acid, 1g casein peptone, 0.25-4g yeast powder, 0.4gNaHCO 3, 0.1g halfcystine, 0.045gK 2hPO 4, 0.045gKH 2pO 4, 0.09gNaCl, 0.009gMgSO 47H 2o, 0.009g CaCl 2, 0.1mg resazurin, 1mg protohemine, 1mg vitamin H, 1mg vitamin B12,3mg para-amino benzoic acid, 5mg folic acid and 15mg vitamin B6,1000ml distilled water;
Described caproic acid functional flora comprises following three dominant populations: Clostridium IV, and its abundance is 40-55%; Its abundance of Clostridium is 15-40%; And its abundance of Lactobacillus is 8-20%.
Described caproic acid functional flora comprises following two dominant populations: Clostridium IV, and its abundance is 55-65%; Its abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto is 35-45%
Preferably, described caproic acid functional flora comprise abundance be 65% Clostridium IV and abundance be 35% Clostridium sensu stricto.
Particularly, Clostridium IV population can be Clostridium leptum or Clostridium sporosphaeroides; Clostridium sensu stricto population can be Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Clostridium kluyveri, Clostridium sporogenes, arbitrary ratio composition of a kind of microorganism that wherein microorganism of each population is described or several microorganism.
Anaerobic reactor in above-mentioned steps two is upflow type anaerobic reactor.
Except as otherwise noted, " % " in the present invention is all weight percentage.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, present method produces caproic acid with lactic acid electron donor, adds the substrate selective of biological process fermentative production caproic acid;
2, obtained the Method and process comparative maturity of lactic acid by biological fermentation, be converted into caproic acid with this non-fuel species be easy to get of lactic acid, be expected to alternative existing chemical synthesis process.
3, can lactic acid be both caproic acid and the derived ester class (as ethyl hexanoate) thereof of raw material direct production food grade by present method, as foodstuff additive, also may be used for waste water reclaiming process for producing caproic acid, as further biodiesel synthesis precursor raw material.
4, be that the microorganism species of substrate improves more than 2 times than what reported based on the tolerable concentration of the microorganism species of kirschner clostridium (12.6g/L) to the tolerable concentration (25.6g/L) of caproic acid with lactic acid.
5, control pH5.5-5.8, caproic acid function yeast activity is unaffected, and in reaction process concentration of methane gas all the time lower than 1%, therefore methane inhibitor can not be added, can running cost be reduced, avoid methanobacteria and caproic acid bacteria to compete organic substrates simultaneously, improve substrate utilization ratio.
Present method is applied widely, except directly with except lactic acid synthesised food and medical grade caproic acid, can utilizing wastewater from fermentation industry, the waste synthesizing hexanoic acid containing lactic acid; In addition, utilize present method can also carry out carbochain prolongation (supplementing lactic acid) to the acetic acid contained in other wastewater from fermentation industry and butyric acid and generate caproic acid.Therefore, the recycling of waste water, waste can be realized by present method.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1: the process flow sheet of microorganism catalysis lactic acid synthesizing hexanoic acid of the present invention.
Reference numeral: 1, container for storing liquid, 2, upflow type anaerobic reactor, 3, bacterium liquid separating tank, 4, acid solution tank (HCL), 5, extraction agent storage tank, 6, film filler, 7, activated carbon filler, 8, extraction plant, 9, reextraction device, 10, strippant receiving tank.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is set forth.
The cultivation of embodiment 1 caproic acid functional flora
Be divided in after substratum is boiled in the anaerobism bottle of 250ml, pass into nitrogen until substratum color is directly colourless by the thin out redness of indigo plant, 121 DEG C of high-temperature sterilization 15min, cooling.In 5% ratio inoculation caproic acid flora.25-35 DEG C of Anaerobic culturel 3-5d, cell density OD600 reaches 3-5 bacteria suspension, for subsequent use.
Medium component is as follows: 1.0g lactic acid, 1g casein peptone, 0.5g yeast powder, 0.5gNH 4cl, 0.4g NaHCO 3, 0.1g halfcystine, 0.045g K 2hPO 4, 0.045g KH 2pO 4, 0.09g NaCl, 0.009g MgSO 47H 2o, 0.009g CaCl 2, 0.1mg resazurin, 1mg protohemine, 1mg vitamin H, 1mg vitamin B12,3mg para-amino benzoic acid, 5mg folic acid and 15mg vitamin B6,100ml distilled water.
Caproic acid functional flora comprises the Clostridium sporosphaeroides that abundance is 65%, and abundance is 35%Clostridium tyrobutyricum.
Embodiment 2 microorganism Batch fermentation lactic acid-producing caproic acid
Nutrient solution containing 50g/L lactic acid is loaded fermentor tank, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 20min, nitrogen is passed through after cooling, make substratum redox potential drop to below-50mV, access 5-8% kind daughter bacteria liquid, makes substratum redox potential drop to below-50mV by nitrogen again, control temperature 25-35 DEG C, pH5.5-5.8., 100 turns/min stir culture 10-12d, caproic acid concentration reaches more than 20g/L.This caproic acid fermenting liquid obtains food-class high-purity caproic acid through traditional extraction techniques such as distillation, rectifying.
Embodiment 3 microorganism continuous lactic acid-fermenting or produce caproic acid and ON-LINE SEPARATION thereof and purification containing Lactic Acid Wastewater
1, microbial immobilization
Seed liquor is proceeded in the upflow type anaerobic reactor (accompanying drawing 1) containing lactic acid culture, pass into nitrogen/carbonic acid gas (9:1) mixed gas, keep temperature of reactor at 25-35 DEG C, thalline is made to be adsorbed onto fixed film filler, until bacteria suspension concentration no longer declines in reactor;
2, Lactic Acid Wastewater is utilized to continuously ferment production caproic acid
(1) in reactor, pump into the lactic acid (or containing Lactic Acid Wastewater) containing 10g/L, control HRT:5d, 25-35 DEG C Anaerobic culturel, pH:5.5-5.8, maintains influent load 2g lactic acid/L.d, runs 10d;
(2) control HRT:2.5d, other conditions are constant, and influent load is 4g lactic acid/L.d, run 10d;
(3) control HRT:1.5d, other conditions are constant, and influent load is 6.7g lactic acid/L.d, run 10d;
(4) commencement of commercial operation, control HRT:1d, maintaining lactic acid load is 10.0g/L.d, by the mode of continuously fermenting, lactic acid is converted into caproic acid, obtains the fermented liquid containing caproic acid.After reactor runs 15d continuously, production efficiency reaches 5.1g/ (L.d).
3, the ON-LINE SEPARATION of caproic acid
Fermentation liquor bacterium liquid separating apparatus containing caproic acid carries out the separation of bacterium liquid, and thalline is got back in fermentor tank by the road, and the liquid containing caproic acid enters extraction plant by the hollow bowl of hollow-fibre membrane and extracts.Extraction agent is the oleyl alcohol containing 10%Alamine336, and after extraction, liquid gets back to fermentor tank by the road.
4, the extraction of caproic acid
Extraction agent containing caproic acid is stripped via another hollow-fibre membrane blank pipe from extraction plant, with 5N sodium hydroxide by entering outside hollow-fibre membrane and flowing in the opposite direction, caproic acid is entered in sodium hydroxide solution from extraction agent.Extraction agent is got back to a hollow fiber membrane device and is continued extraction, sodium hydroxide solution containing caproic acid enters strippant receiving tank, when caproic acid concentration in tank receives saturated, liquid is imported tank of saltouing, add hydrochloric acid in tank and saltout saltouing, what upper strata was separated out is caproic acid.
Embodiment 4 utilizes the transformation efficiency of lactic acid synthesizing hexanoic acid
Under reactor described in embodiment 3 and microbiologically stabilised condition, be unique carbon source and electron donor with lactic acid, adopt fed-batch sample introduction, control temperature 30 DEG C, pH:5.5-5.8, lactic acid load is 3.7g/L/d, runs 15 days, calculates lactic acid transformation efficiency.Result shows, caproic acid accumulated concentrations is 20.6g/L, and the transformation efficiency of lactic acid is 93.1%, and caproic acid is main product, accounts for 90.4%.
A kind of method by microorganism catalysis lactic acid synthesizing hexanoic acid of the present invention is described by concrete example, those skilled in the art can use for reference content of the present invention, the links such as appropriate change raw material, processing condition realize other object corresponding, its relevant change does not all depart from content of the present invention, all similar replacements and change will become apparent to those skilled in the art that and be all deemed to be included within scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1., by a method for microorganism catalysis lactic acid synthesizing hexanoic acid, it is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
Step one, be inoculated into caproic acid functional flora containing liquid nutrient medium anaerobically fermenting bottle, 25-35 DEG C of Anaerobic culturel 3-5d, obtains OD 600for the bacteria suspension of 3-5;
Step 2, above-mentioned bacteria suspension is proceeded to containing in the nutrient solution of lactic acid or the anaerobic reactor of waste water, keep temperature of reactor at 25-35 DEG C, thalline is adsorbed onto in fixed film filler, until bacteria suspension OD in reactor 600value no longer declines;
Step 3, the nutrient solution containing lactic acid adding 15%-25% in the anaerobic reactor of step 2 or waste water, 25-35 DEG C of Anaerobic culturel, controls reactor pH at 5.5-5.8 by NaOH and HCl; After lactic acid exhausts, then replace with the fresh medium of 15%-25%/waste water, adopt batch addition manner to repeat above operation, until caproic acid concentration >15g/L;
Step 4, after caproic acid concentration >15g/L stablizes 5-7d, change continuous mode into and pump into nutrient solution or waste water, maintain lactic acid concn at 3-20g/L, by the mode of continuously fermenting, lactic acid is converted into caproic acid, obtain the fermented liquid containing caproic acid;
Step 5, the caproic acid extracted in fermented liquid;
Substratum described in above-mentioned steps one to four is: 5.0-25g lactic acid, 1g casein peptone, 0.25-4g yeast powder, 0.4gNaHCO 3, 0.1g halfcystine, 0.045gK 2hPO 4, 0.045gKH 2pO 4, 0.09gNaCl, 0.009gMgSO 47H 2o, 0.009g CaCl 2, 0.1mg resazurin, 1mg protohemine, 1mg vitamin H, 1mg vitamins B 12, 3mg para-amino benzoic acid, 5mg folic acid and 15mg vitamins B 6, 1000ml distilled water;
Described caproic acid functional flora comprises following two dominant populations: Clostridium IV, and its abundance is 55-65%; Its abundance of Clostridium is 35-45%.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, Clostridium IV population is Clostridium leptum or Clostridium sporosphaeroides; Clostridium sensu stricto population is Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Clostridium kluyveri, Clostridium sporogenes; Wherein the microorganism of each population is arbitrary ratio composition of described a kind of microorganism or several microorganism.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described caproic acid functional flora comprises the Clostridium IV population that abundance is 65%, and abundance is the Clostridium sensu stricto population of 35%.
4. the method according to claim 1,2 or 3, is characterized in that, the anaerobic reactor in described step 2 is upflow type anaerobic reactor.
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CN106167778A (en) * 2016-08-22 2016-11-30 南京工业大学 Clostridium tender and culture method and application thereof
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CN105420168A (en) * 2015-12-30 2016-03-23 四川剑南春（集团）有限责任公司 Rumen clostridium using lactic acid for producing hexanoic acid and application thereof
CN105586293A (en) * 2015-12-30 2016-05-18 四川剑南春（集团）有限责任公司 Novel lactic acid utilizing Clostridium and applications thereof
CN105420168B (en) * 2015-12-30 2018-08-21 四川剑南春（集团）有限责任公司 The cud clostridium and application thereof of caproic acid is produced using lactic acid
CN105586293B (en) * 2015-12-30 2018-09-25 四川剑南春（集团）有限责任公司 A kind of new lactic acid utilizes clostridium and application thereof
CN106167778A (en) * 2016-08-22 2016-11-30 南京工业大学 Clostridium tender and culture method and application thereof
CN107363076A (en) * 2017-08-10 2017-11-21 中国科学院成都生物研究所 A kind of reclaiming organic waste processing method
CN107363076B (en) * 2017-08-10 2020-05-12 中国科学院成都生物研究所 Organic waste recycling treatment method
EP3581659A1 (en) 2018-06-15 2019-12-18 Politechnika Poznanska Method for one-pot co-production of caproic acid and hydrogen
CN109055443A (en) * 2018-07-19 2018-12-21 同济大学 The method that medium chain fatty acid is prepared on hollow-fibre membrane using synthesis gas fermentation
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