CN104347835B - A kind of two-sided heat resistant ceramic coatings composite diaphragm - Google Patents
A kind of two-sided heat resistant ceramic coatings composite diaphragm Download PDFInfo
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- CN104347835B CN104347835B CN201310317541.2A CN201310317541A CN104347835B CN 104347835 B CN104347835 B CN 104347835B CN 201310317541 A CN201310317541 A CN 201310317541A CN 104347835 B CN104347835 B CN 104347835B
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- composite diaphragm
- basement membrane
- heat resistant
- sided heat
- coating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
A kind of two-sided heat resistant ceramic coatings composite diaphragm, using the design concept of performance complement, using the micro- porous septums of superelevation PE as basement membrane, it is respectively coated ceramic coating material on its two sides and constitutes composite diaphragm material framework, superelevation PE basement membranes of the invention has advantages below：It is adapted to the appropriate aperture of coating waste water, average pore size is between 80 200 nanometers；Basement membrane possesses outstanding mechanical property；PE materials have 140 DEG C of Thermal shutdown abilities；Above-mentioned advantage and the distinctive stress of double-surface ceramics coating structure that two-sided heat resistant ceramic coatings composite diaphragm fully utilizes superelevation PE basement membranes are symmetrical, low heat shrinkage, anti-high voltage oxidizing advantages, can meet the application requirements such as electrokinetic cell.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to lithium ion battery separator technical field, especially electrokinetic cell composite diaphragm field.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery separator is clearly proposed in belonging to Chinese industrial and informationization portion " planning of new material industry 12 "
" functional film material ", the need for " new material ", " new-energy automobile " are covered in the great strategy new industry of China seven
Take the lead in the Core Feature material broken through, in " the new material industry major products catalogues " of the issue of Ministry of Industry and Information in 2012 the 239th it is bright
Really listing " heatproof power battery diaphragm " needs focus development；" the new-energy automobile industry 12 " of China is planned for 2015
Realize more than 500,000 electric automobiles of year production and marketing, the year two thousand twenty planning more than 5,000,000 electric automobiles of year production and marketing, when the time comes to power electric
The demand of pond and its High-performance diaphragm will have explosive growth.
Used as consumer electronics lithium battery and the core material of electrokinetic cell, barrier film draws after the dry method list of 1st generation
PP barrier films, the double drawing HDPE barrier films of wet method substep of 2nd generation, synchronous pair of the wet method in the 3rd generation draw super high molecular weight PE barrier films, traditional
Dry or wet barrier film is manufactured using polyolefine material through hot-stretch reinforcement process.It is wet compared with single drawing dry method barrier film of 1st generation
Although double the 2nd, the 3 generation barrier films for drawing of method have improved and improved, wet method or dry method heat stretching process are whether used, it is preceding
3 generation polyalkene diaphragms have the shortcomings that：
(1), due to the memory effect of macromolecular material after hot-stretch, exist under 105-130 DEG C of high temperature thermal contraction it is big lack
Point；
(2), absorbency is not good；
(3), oxidation is easily caused the reduction of barrier film mechanical strength under more than 4.35V high voltages.
Chinese invention patent application 200510086061.5 is reported and uses 180 DEG C of fusing point on polyolefin micropore barrier diaphragm surface
Resistant to elevated temperatures polyamide, polyamidoimide, polyimides etc. form the technical scheme of porous coating above；Chinese invention patent
Application 200480034190.3 proposes that the skill of coating can be formed with the fluororesin of gelation in the coating of polyolefin micropore barrier diaphragm surface
Art scheme；Some Domestic producer attempts preparing porous polyimide barrier film using electrostatic spinning process, the production efficiency is low,
The high temperature resistant porous material mechanical strength that do not possess low temperature turn-off capacity, forms is low, be difficult to prepare thickness 6-12 microns high-strength
The need for degree porous septum is to adapt to combination process.
German Degussa companies prepare the lithium ion battery separator " Separion " of the non-woven fabric compounded inorganic coatings of PET,
Have the heat endurance of the flexible and inorganic ceramic of organic matter concurrently, high temperature resistant is up to 200 DEG C；With PE as basement membrane the 4th generation coating
Composite diaphragm is compared, and PET non-woven fabrics has the disadvantages that as basement membrane：Thermal shutdown temperature is too high, aperture is big, mechanics of materials intensity
Low, easily short circuit, self discharge etc. are serious for battery.
Japanese Asahi Chemical Industry announces to succeed in developing the inorganic matter mixing barrier film IBS towards high-output power purposes for 2008, this
While porosity is brought up to 50~70% by barrier film, resistance is also reduced to the half of conventional product, and acupuncture intensity
Also ensure that and reached more than 4.9N (500gf).ENTEK companies of the U.S. develop similar Asahi Chemical Industry in the case where USDOE supports
Organic and inorganic composite barrier film, the technique uses ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and nano oxidized silicon powder and pore-creating technique molten
Hot-stretch masking after agent blending, due to mixing uniformity Shortcomings, is easy to rupture of membranes during membrane, thus be difficult stabilization prepare compared with
The thin ceramics substep heat-resisting barrier film of uniform high-quality.
Due to the limitation of design esthetics, smart mobile phone obtains very strict to the size and volumetric constraint of lithium battery, opens within 2012
The high-energy-density lithium battery of beginning 4.30V, 4.35V high voltage system starts in high-end type application, with Samsung and apple this two
Big whole world smart mobile phone giant takes the lead in batch application for representative, and current high voltage system lithium battery has and accelerates becoming for popularization and application
Gesture, due to the problem of oxidation to barrier film that high voltage brings, traditional polyalkene diaphragm has been not suitable with, and the barrier film of current main flow is produced
Product route is the surface coating ceramic coating composition one side Ceramic Composite barrier film in the 3rd generation PE basement membrane.
The 4th generation membrane technique route of main flow is to make up the 3rd generation wet method using ceramic coating complex technique in the world at present
The performance of PE barrier films is not enough.4th generation separator product is characterized in one side coating heat-stable ceramic etc. on the basis of the 3rd generation PE barrier film
Coating constitutes composite diaphragm, and the major advantage of ceramic coating composite diaphragm is：
1. ceramic coating can suppress the thermal contraction of PE basement membranes, composite diaphragm has lower thermal contraction at 105-130 DEG C
Rate；
2. ceramic coating has high voltage withstanding oxidation susceptibility higher；
3. ceramic coating has microhardness higher, strong to the foreign matter anti-puncture ability such as burr, anti-internal micro-short circuit energy
Power is more excellent, security more preferably.
The compound PE barrier films of one side ceramic coating can apply to the high-energy-density lithium battery of 4.35V high voltage systems, than
The lithium ion battery of the high voltage system as used by the flagship smart mobile phone S4 of South Korea's Samsung is to employ Japanese Asahi Chemical Industry, Dong
Electrician, the one side ceramic coating composite diaphragm of Tianjin Donggao Membrane Tech. Co., Ltd.'s manufacture.
The thermal shrinkage of PE basement membranes can be brought up to 120- by one side Ceramic Composite barrier film from the 105 of PE basement membranes DEG C
130 DEG C, one side ceramic structure for PE basement membranes under 130-210 DEG C of higher temperature thermal contraction inhibitory action not enough, 130-210 DEG C
The thermal contraction performance of composite diaphragm still has much room for improvement under high temperature.
The 2nd of existing one side ceramic coating composite diaphragm has the disadvantage：Because stress is asymmetric, one side coated separator conduct
Typically " laminar composite ", residual stress therein such as can not be effectively controlled, is also easy to composite diaphragm volume occur after cutting
The technological problemses such as side, influence the security of battery.
Chinese invention patent 20061078127 is proposed and does basement membrane using non-woven fabrics, double spread heat cross-linking bonding agent and
Ceramics constitute the composite diaphragm method of double-surface ceramics coating, and the shortcoming of the method and product design is：
(1), non-woven fabrics is not strengthened using hot-stretch, and the tensile strength of longitudinal direction is less than 50MPa, and product is produced in lithium battery
Using when winding etc. the quality defect that porosity after stretching, thickness have fluctuation is experienced in the presence of pulling force；
(2), easily there is monomer using monomer heat cross-linking and using peroxide BPO, AIBN etc. or initiator is remained,
The shortcomings of easily side reaction, aerogenesis being produced during battery applications.
(3), magnitude of the non-woven fabrics aperture more than 5 microns, thermal shutdown temperature be high, security is unreliable.
Answered lower resistance, high security, high-power hybrid vehicle HEV/PHEV lithium-ion-power cells is needed
The applications such as the energy-storage battery required with occasion and high-end consumer electronics lithium battery and its high life propose higher to barrier film
Technical requirements, based on the technological deficiency and deficiency of existing single, double surface ceramic coating composite diaphragm, spy proposes of the invention two-sided resistance to
Thermal Ceramics coating composite diaphragm.
The content of the invention
The present invention is proposed using the NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE diaphragm material of following particular design product structure.
A kind of two-sided heat resistant ceramic coatings composite diaphragm, it is characterised in that using 80-200 nanometers of average pore size, porosity
38-65%, Gurley value 50-280s/100cc, longitudinal tensile strength are more than more than 80MPa, longitudinal stretching elongation at break
30%th, transverse breakage elongation is more than 150%, thickness 10-28 microns, the superhigh molecular weight polyethylene of melting latent heat 140-210J/g
Alkenyl micro-porous film is respectively coated thickness 2-6 microns of ceramic coating as basement membrane on the two sides of basement membrane, forms two-sided heat-resisting pottery
Porcelain coating composite diaphragm, two-sided heat resistant ceramic coatings composite diaphragm possesses following technical characteristic：The gross thickness of composite diaphragm is less than
35 microns, with the thickness ratio of basement membrane more than 0.25, less than 0.8, the Gurley values of composite diaphragm are less than the gross thickness of ceramic coating
350s/100cc, transverse breakage elongation are more than 150%, the thermal contraction in MD, TD direction under 130-210 DEG C of composite diaphragm/30min
Rate is less than 5%, and 140 DEG C/5min composite diaphragms are not less than 1200s/100cc after can increasing with Thermal shutdown, Gurley values.It is this double
There is the composite diaphragm of face heat resistant ceramic coatings reinforcing low percent thermal shrinkage, suitable thermal shutdown temperature, transverse breakage high to stretch
The overall characteristic such as rate long and anti-puncture, lower resistance, product has security and battery synthesis applicability high, illustrates in detail below
Mentality of designing of the invention.
Ceramic coating composite diaphragm will can meet lithium battery security and other comprehensive use requirements, such as suitable internal resistance and
Multiplying power property etc., the technical level very high to composite diaphragm material system design and process control needs：Must be using suitable
Basal lamina material and microstructure are the even aperture distribution of basement membrane, suitable porosity, suitable nano aperture size, suitable
The thickness of mechanical property design, coating and basement membrane rather than one side with rational in infrastructure, double-surface ceramics coating structure design than making pottery
The structure design of porcelain coating, otherwise composite diaphragm are difficult to meet the combination property requirement that lithium battery is included including security, it is difficult to
Reach practical.
The material composition of basement membrane of the invention selects super high molecular weight PE as primary raw material because with PET non-woven fabrics
Compared with PP barrier films, superelevation PE has suitable melt temperature scope：129-143 DEG C, in addition more than 1,000,000 super high molecular weight
PE is poor fluidity, strong with certain high temperature even if still having melt viscosity very high after the melting of 143 DEG C of high temperature above
Degree, can have Thermal shutdown concurrently and keep high-temperature insulation, longitudinal tensile strength high to be adapted to as the superelevation PE basement membranes of ceramic coating
Acted on as three great synthesis of the framework material of composite diaphragm, no tensile strength can be sayed ceramic coating in itself.Basement membrane is selected
With material based on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, the melting latent heat of pure superelevation PE is generally higher than 250J/g, and crystallinity is higher, this
Invention, as basement membrane, controls its melting latent heat in 140-210J/g using the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene after regulation and control, can obtain
Appropriate crystallinity and Flashmelt ability, thermal stress relaxation ability of the basement membrane after two-way hot-stretch is also proper, basement membrane
Residual stress after thermal finalization is low, basement membrane percent thermal shrinkage is low, the too small melting latent heat of PE basement membranes, is unfavorable for that stretching reinforcing is obtained
Deflection high.
Even if if the institutional framework control of superelevation PE basement membranes is undesirable using also not reaching effect, superelevation after double spread
The average pore size of PE basement membranes is unfavorable for that quick Thermal shutdown, porosity are less than higher than 65%, Gurley values if greater than 200 nanometers
50s/100cc, the longitudinal tensile strength of basement membrane are less than 80MPa, and barrier film easily produces longitudinal stretching to deform and the charge and discharge in battery
Barrier film produces qualitative variability after being pressurized during electricity circulation, and battery consistency is bad；The average pore size of superelevation PE basement membranes is if less than 80
Nanometer, porosity are less than 38%, Gurley values are more than 280s/100cc, then the resistance of basement membrane is after too big, double spread is strengthened
The resistance of composite diaphragm is bigger, once the Gurley values of composite diaphragm are more than 350s/100cc, then the multiplying power property of battery is deteriorated,
Be not suitable for filling requirement soon, the Gurley values if as the uneven caused basement membrane of pore-size distribution of basement membrane are more than 280s/
100cc, is also easy to analyse the potential safety hazards such as lithium caused by filling soon.
The mechanical property design of superelevation PE basement membranes is also extremely important, in addition to longitudinal tensile strength requirement high, the present invention
It is specifically that superelevation PE basement membranes should possess elongation at break high, longitudinal stretching elongation at break is more than 30%, laterally breaks
Split elongation and be especially greater than 150%, the basement membrane for so manufacturing and designing undergoes severe metal and pierces through fortuitous event in battery
Under, superelevation PE basement membranes follow puncture thing when the elongation at break that superelevation PE basement membranes possess up to more than 150% can ensure to pierce through
Stretcher strain, remains to keep puncturing thing and pole insulation between plates, and being unlikely to instantaneous large-current heating causes to catch fire, explodes；Pierce in addition
Even if there is transient large current discharge when wearing, superelevation PE basement membranes of the invention can with suitable PE materials and suitable nano aperture
To realize quick Thermal shutdown, cause electrochemical reaction to terminate, thermal discharge remain to control will not thermal runaway scope, add two-sided
The distinctive composite stress symmetry of ceramic coating structure design, rational thickness ratio between ceramic coating and basement membrane, are combined
Barrier film can obtain good resistance to elevated temperatures：MD, TD are respectively less than 5% low percent thermal shrinkage under 130-210 DEG C of high temperature, double
Face ceramic coating composite diaphragm can at high temperature keep physical integrity and ensure the ability of electronic isolation, therefore of the invention
Double-surface ceramics coating composite diaphragm material has good anti-drift bolt security (Nail penetration test).
Ceramic coating needs accurate material system design and processes control technology, easily occurs after being otherwise coated with local big
Area blockage of the micro orifice, composite diaphragm resistance increase when excessive, battery fills soon easily analyses the technical barriers such as lithium；Ceramic coating and basement membrane
Thickness is easily caused when applying the first face because coating drying stress is too big than excessive, and coating shrinkage stress causes basement membrane to crimp, unfavorable
In applying the 2nd face again；Blocked up ceramic coating also haves the shortcomings that adhesive strength is inadequate, ceramic coating is easily peelable and drops off；Ceramics are applied
Layer and the thickness of basement membrane than too small, ceramic coating to basement membrane at high temperature thermal contraction when inhibitory action deficiency, composite diaphragm
High temperature percent thermal shrinkage is bigger than normal.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1：A kind of two-sided heat resistant ceramic coatings composite diaphragm, using average pore size：130-160 nanometers, porosity
45-55%, Gurley value 120-180s/100cc, longitudinal tensile strength 130MPa, longitudinal stretching elongation at break 35%, transverse direction
Elongation at break 200%, 20 microns of thickness, the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene base micro-porous film of melting latent heat 180J/g are used as base
Film, the aluminium oxide ceramic coating layer of 5 microns of one side thickness is respectively coated on the two sides of basement membrane, forms the two-sided pottery of 30 microns of total thickness
Porcelain coating composite diaphragm, alumina particle is less than 1 micron in ceramic coating, and bonding agent uses the polypropylene of weight average molecular weight 800,000
Sour sodium and polyacrylic acid, double-surface ceramics coating composite diaphragm possess following technical characteristic：The Gurley values 230- of composite diaphragm
290s/100cc, transverse breakage elongation are more than 200%, the thermal contraction in MD, TD direction under 130-210 DEG C of composite diaphragm/30min
Rate is less than 3%, and 140 DEG C/5min composite diaphragms are not less than 1200s/100cc after can increasing with Thermal shutdown, Gurley values.
The high-energy-density lithium battery of the 180wh/kg made using the double-surface ceramics coating composite diaphragm of features described above, can
Tested with by drift bolt, safety test, the 2C such as short-circuit test, 150 DEG C of hot tanks fill do not analyse lithium soon.
Comparative example：Basement membrane ibid, but only 5 microns of coating one side ceramic coating, 25 microns of composite diaphragm thickness, be combined every
The percent thermal shrinkage in MD, TD direction is all higher than 10% under 130 DEG C/30min of film, using the one side ceramic coating of features described above it is compound every
The high-energy-density lithium battery of the 180wh/kg of film production, can't pass drift bolt test and 150 DEG C of hot tank safety tests.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of two-sided heat resistant ceramic coatings composite diaphragm, it is characterised in that using 130-160 nanometers of average pore size, porosity
38-65%, curley value 50-280s/100cc, longitudinal tensile strength are more than more than 80MPa, longitudinal stretching elongation at break
30%th, transverse breakage elongation is more than 150%, 20 microns of thickness, the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene of melting latent heat 140-210J/g
Base micro-porous film is respectively coated thickness 2-6 microns of ceramic coating as basement membrane on the two sides of basement membrane, forms two-sided heat-stable ceramic
Coating composite diaphragm, two-sided heat resistant ceramic coatings composite diaphragm possesses following technical characteristic：The gross thickness of composite diaphragm is 30 micro-
Rice, the gross thickness of ceramic coating is 0.5 with the thickness ratio of basement membrane, and the curley values of composite diaphragm are less than 350s/100cc, transverse direction
Elongation at break is more than 150%, and the percent thermal shrinkage in MD, TD direction is less than 5%, 140 under 130-210 DEG C of composite diaphragm/30min
DEG C/5min composite diaphragms can with Thermal shutdown, curley values increase after be not less than 1200s/100cc.
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| CN201310317541.2A CN104347835B (en) | 2013-07-26 | 2013-07-26 | A kind of two-sided heat resistant ceramic coatings composite diaphragm |
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| CN201310317541.2A CN104347835B (en) | 2013-07-26 | 2013-07-26 | A kind of two-sided heat resistant ceramic coatings composite diaphragm |
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| CN104347835A CN104347835A (en) | 2015-02-11 |
| CN104347835B true CN104347835B (en) | 2017-07-07 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPWO2017126510A1 (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2018-08-09 | 日立化成株式会社 | Lithium ion secondary battery |
| US11411281B2 (en) | 2016-11-14 | 2022-08-09 | Shanghai DINHO New Material Technology Co., Ltd. | Multi-layered composite functional separator for lithium-ion battery |
| CN106601966A (en) * | 2016-12-24 | 2017-04-26 | 上海双奥能源技术有限公司 | Wet-process nanometer fiber lithium ion battery separator and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102064300A (en) * | 2010-12-25 | 2011-05-18 | 佛山塑料集团股份有限公司 | Porous composite diaphragm for lithium ion secondary battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN102751459B (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2016-03-23 | 天津东皋膜技术有限公司 | Rear cross-linked rubber, the micro-porous septum of composite polyolefine material nanometer and manufacture method thereof |
| CN103035864B (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2017-06-06 | 天津东皋膜技术有限公司 | With the resistant to elevated temperatures coated separator of elasticity of compression Thermal shutdown |
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Denomination of invention: Double-sided heat-resistant ceramic coating composite diaphragm Effective date of registration: 20181022 Granted publication date: 20170707 Pledgee: Beijing Sojo Electric Co., Ltd. Pledgor: Tianjin DG Membrance Tech. Co., Ltd. Registration number: 2018120000037 |
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