CN104346956A - ADS-B (automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast) autonomous anti-false object spoofing method - Google Patents
ADS-B (automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast) autonomous anti-false object spoofing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ADS-B (automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast) autonomous anti-false object spoofing method. The ADS-B is based on a GNSS (global navigation satellite system), ground-air data links and other advanced techniques, and is a novel ground-air surveillance system which is being globally popularized by ICAO (international civil aviation organization). Because of the opening and sharing characteristics of working frequency, signal format and communication protocol of the ADS-B, the application of the system will be easily subject to artificial malicious spoofing and attack by wireless amateurs or illegal persons, a false target is formed, the management of ATC (air traffic control) areas is disordered, the normal aviation flight order is seriously disturbed, and the severe hidden hazards on safety are caused. The system comprises an ADS-B ground base station host, an anti-false target processing auxiliary machine, an BD/GPS (Beidou global positioning system) antenna, an ADS-B receiving antenna, an anti-false target direction measuring antenna, a PC (personal computer) (optional), an BD/GPS satellite, and an aircraft.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of army Civil Aviation ATM and monitor application technology to the ground-air of aircraft target, is the system and device utilizing the information of aircraft target its own transmission to carry out ground-air supervision.
Background technology
Automatic dependent surveillance broadcast ADS-B integrates the advanced technology such as global navigation satellite system GNSS (GPS/BD/GLONASS/GALLILEO) and ground-air Data-Link (1090 ES/VDL MODE 4/UAT), is the novel ground-air surveillance of International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO whole world popularization.This technology is born in the middle and later periods nineties in last century, and the beginning of this century is progressively widely applied in civil aviaton of the army air transportation field of countries in the world, and the commercialization spreading speed of ADS-B system and equipment thereof is accelerated greatly in recent years.
ADS-B system (main finger ADS-B ground base station) receives various RF answer signals (the i.e. ADS-B OUT signal that the airborne answering machine in airflight target is launched, as S mode, 1090 ES signals etc.), carry out real-time reception process and obtain the information such as the ID attribute code name of aircraft target, aerial 3D position data (from airborne GNSS), flying speed, course, nationality, thus completing the function such as supervision, location, tracking to aircraft target.Compared with applying with radar surveillance, this system has the features such as supervision precision is high, abundant information is complete, Data Update is fast, disguise is strong, and cost is low, convenient for installation and maintenance, all kinds of radar can be coordinated to carry out (comprising primary radar PSR and secondary radar SSR etc.) supervision of target; Also can work independently in addition, be specially adapted to the area without radar surveillance such as mountain area, desert, ocean.
The receiving antenna of the ADS-B ground base station of current routine only adopts ADS-B IN omnidirectional antenna, the investigation arbitration functions of anti-spurious signal is not possessed yet, be easy to the cheating interference of the ADS-B spurious signal by artificial malice (radio amateur or lawless person send), the normal order of civil aviaton of the army of having a strong impact on air transportation and security of operation.The anti-false target processing capacity system that ADS-B direction-finder antenna of the present invention and anti-false target process extension set etc. form, the ability of the autonomous anti-false target deception of the ADS-B ground base station of existing routine can be increased, emissive source information is carried out to the confirmation of legitimacy and security, and then greatly improve the security of ADS-B Automatic dependent surveillance broadcast system, reliabilty and availability etc., guarantee that ADS-B can as a kind of Autonomy, surveillance technology is in civil aviaton of global army air transportation field safely and reliably, particularly be used widely in army's Civil Aviation ATM ATC field.
In addition, at present conventional ADS-B ground base station all based on american global positioning system GPS as time base positioning system, be greatly limited by GPS System in USA and leave very big potential safety hazard; Present invention employs the time base positioning system of the autonomous Big Dipper BD system of China as ADS-B base station, and the system such as compatible with GPS, base location when BD system so both can have been used to carry out ADS-B, base location when gps system also can be used to carry out ADS-B, wherein two systems can also be utilized to carry out combinationally using base location when carrying out ADS-B, further increase the security of system, availability and viability.
Present invention employs large scale array FPGA, high-performance processor CPU ARM, MCU and extensive signal processing chip DSP etc., and wide dynamic ADS-B receiver and anti-false target process extension set, Big Dipper BD/GPS two-in-one time base location receiver and corresponding antenna etc., fully ensure that equipment dependability, stability and technical advance etc., adapt to the types of applications environment of army's Civil Aviation ATM.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to adopt the ADS-B system of anti-false target process effectively dynamically can monitor airbound target in real time, obtain the various property parameters of airbound target, ensure do not miss a target and effectively get rid of false target, to guarantee the safe reliability of Civil Aviation ATM.
Spatial positional information in the ADS-B message true spatial location of ADS-B emissive source and it sent is compared, to differentiate its authenticity: if consistent, be then authentic and valid ADS-B information; If inconsistent, be then illegal ADS-B information, i.e. false target.
The present invention includes ADS-B main frame and anti-false target processing host, anti-false target direction-finder antenna and ADS-B receiving antenna, BD2/GPS antenna, PC (option).
The present invention is in strict accordance with International Civil Aviation pact annex 10(ICAO ANNEX10) and the requirement of RTCA-DO260B related specifications, and in conjunction with the practical situations of CAAC, adopt the ADS-B system and the Chinese autonomous Big Dipper (BD) global position system with anti-false target process, and compatible combinations Global Positioning System (GPS) gps satellite positioning system; Airbound target can be monitored real-time dynamicly, obtain the various property parameters of airbound target.
The present invention has following technical characterstic:
a.aDS-B ground base station master machine antenna and the anti-false target direction-finder antenna of ADS-B can be respectively independent two antennas used separately, also can be the antenna that two kinds of functions are share.
b.aDS-B ground base station main frame and ADS-B anti-false target process extension set can be respectively independent two equipment used separately, also can be the equipment that two kinds of functions are share.
c.bD or GPS positioning antenna can be adopted separately, also can adopt BD/GPS two-in-one antenna.
d.the method judged is simple, and the spatial positional information in the ADS-B message true spatial location of ADS-B emissive source and it sent is compared, to differentiate its authenticity: if consistent, be then authentic and valid ADS-B information; If inconsistent, be then illegal ADS-B information, i.e. false target.
e.aDS-B emissive source true spatial location measuring method involved in the present invention includes but not limited to: Direction Finding Algorithm, based on the multipoint positioning algorithm MLAT etc. of difference TDOA time of arrival.
f.the equipment that the present invention adapts in ground stationary applications, also can be able to be installed on vehicle, the first-class Mobile solution of aircraft, or is arranged on naval vessel and applies.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below.
The present invention includes ADS-B main frame (1), anti-false target processing host (2), anti-false target direction-finder antenna (3), BD/GPS antenna (4), ADS-B receiving antenna (5), PC (option) (6), BD/GPS satellite (7), aircraft (8).
Spatial positional information in the ADS-B message true spatial location of ADS-B emissive source and it sent is compared, to differentiate its authenticity: if consistent, be then authentic and valid ADS-B information; If inconsistent, be then illegal ADS-B information, i.e. spoofing attack.
1) malice tricker usually can at certain position P on ground
r, work out the 3D positional information P that one/group is false
1p
s, modulate the ADS-B message that one/group is false, illegal artificially, utilize emissive source, gone out by ground-air Data-Link channel emission; 2) current, the ADS-B ground base station of standard receives this false ADS-B message after resolving, then some mark (this false locus P of certain false airbound target will demonstrated on the display of its corresponding chart display or ATC controller in spatial domain
s)/flight path, and then the confusion causing this airspace operation to manage, form greatly potential safety hazard.3) current, the ADS-B ground base station of conventional criteria there is no investigation resistivity to this kind of false ADS-B curve.4) the present invention adopts and carries out real-time space DF and location to radioactive source: a. utilizes antenna to carry out search direction finding to the emissive source in spatial domain, and utilizes Direction Finding Algorithm to resolve fast, determines its real locus P
r; B. the spatial position data P in the ADS-B message this emissive source sent
sits real spatial position data P
rcompare: if P
sconsistent with Pr, so emissive source is true, effective or legal;
If Ps and Pr is inconsistent, so emissive source is false, invalid or illegal; 5) to the position data P in emissive source message
icarry out the continuous comparison of front and back array, if P
ivalue does not change, then illustrate that this emissive source is false curve (aircraft air position immobilizes), that is: P
i=P
i+1=P
i+2, so emissive source is false deception.
The present invention is based on the ADS-B ground base station+direction-finder antenna+Bearing algorithm/false target investigation algorithm of single standard, real-time differentiation is carried out to false target.It can make full use of the ADS-B ground base station now disposed, to radar-covered area or all applicable without radar-covered area, namely can as do not rely on radar, independently ADS-B anti-false target deception application.
The present invention in ground stationary applications, also can be able to be installed on vehicle, the first-class Mobile solution of aircraft, or is arranged on naval vessel and applies.
Claims (7)
1. the feature of the autonomous anti-false target deception measures of Automatic dependent surveillance broadcast ADS-B is: ADS-B ground base station main frame (1), anti-false target process extension set (2), anti-false target direction-finder antenna (3), BD/GPS positioning antenna (4), ADS-B receiving antenna (5), PC (option) (6), BD2/GPS satellite (7), aircraft (8).
2.ADS-B ground base station master machine antenna and the anti-false target direction-finder antenna of ADS-B can be respectively independent two antennas used separately, also can be the antenna that two kinds of functions are share.
3.ADS-B ground base station main frame and ADS-B anti-false target process extension set can be respectively independent two equipment used separately, also can be the equipment that two kinds of functions are share.
4. BD or GPS positioning antenna can be adopted separately, also BD/GPS two-in-one antenna can be adopted.
Spatial positional information in the true spatial location of 5.ADS-B emissive source and its ADS-B message of sending is compared, to differentiate its authenticity: if consistent, be then authentic and valid ADS-B information; If inconsistent, be then illegal ADS-B information, i.e. false target.
6. equipment of the present invention in ground stationary applications, also can be able to be installed on vehicle, the first-class Mobile solution of aircraft, or is arranged on naval vessel and applies.
7. global navigation satellite system GNSS is here including but not limited to GPS, BD, GALONASS, GALILEO etc.; Here ground-air Data-Link is including but not limited to 1090 ES, VDL MODE 4, UAT etc.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107070844A (en) * | 2015-10-05 | 2017-08-18 | 波音公司 | System and method for verifying ADS B message |
| CN107229036A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-10-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Multichannel array radar amplitude phase error online test method based on signal transacting |
| CN108475065A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2018-08-31 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Method of controlling security, equipment and the machine readable storage medium of unmanned plane during flying |
| CN109557518A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-02 | 中国民用航空飞行学院 | ADS-B earth station interference free performance detection method based on gaussian filtering |
| CN109738873A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-05-10 | 四川信能科技发展有限公司 | A kind of ADS-B anti-interference anti-fraud ground list station system |
| CN110032666A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-07-19 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Particular aircraft target based on history ADS-B selects method |
| CN110061801A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-26 | 电子科技大学 | Abnormal object discrimination system and method in a kind of aerial surveillance systems |
| CN111121769A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-08 | 中国人民解放军93209部队 | Mechanical scanning portable cooperative target air monitoring equipment and autonomous north correcting method |
| CN111142126A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-05-12 | 四川九洲空管科技有限责任公司 | Anti-cheating comprehensive solution method based on single-channel ADS-B ground station |
| CN112669650A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-16 | 广西综合交通大数据研究院 | Privacy protection method, system and storage medium based on ADS-B message |
| CN113301508A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-24 | 西北工业大学 | Aircraft position estimation and deception detection method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107070844A (en) * | 2015-10-05 | 2017-08-18 | 波音公司 | System and method for verifying ADS B message |
| CN107070844B (en) * | 2015-10-05 | 2021-06-18 | 波音公司 | System and method for authenticating ADS-B messages |
| CN107229036B (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2020-07-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Multichannel array radar amplitude and phase error online detection method based on signal processing |
| CN107229036A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-10-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Multichannel array radar amplitude phase error online test method based on signal transacting |
| CN108475065A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2018-08-31 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Method of controlling security, equipment and the machine readable storage medium of unmanned plane during flying |
| WO2019000406A1 (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-03 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Control method and apparatus for flight safety of unmanned aerial vehicle, and machine-readable storage medium |
| CN109557518A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-02 | 中国民用航空飞行学院 | ADS-B earth station interference free performance detection method based on gaussian filtering |
| CN109738873A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-05-10 | 四川信能科技发展有限公司 | A kind of ADS-B anti-interference anti-fraud ground list station system |
| CN109738873B (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2023-06-02 | 四川信能科技发展有限公司 | ADS-B anti-interference anti-deception ground single station system |
| CN110032666A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-07-19 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Particular aircraft target based on history ADS-B selects method |
| CN110061801A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-26 | 电子科技大学 | Abnormal object discrimination system and method in a kind of aerial surveillance systems |
| CN111142126A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-05-12 | 四川九洲空管科技有限责任公司 | Anti-cheating comprehensive solution method based on single-channel ADS-B ground station |
| CN111142126B (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2022-03-01 | 四川九洲空管科技有限责任公司 | Anti-cheating comprehensive solution method based on single-channel ADS-B ground station |
| CN111121769A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-08 | 中国人民解放军93209部队 | Mechanical scanning portable cooperative target air monitoring equipment and autonomous north correcting method |
| CN111121769B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-11-16 | 中国人民解放军93209部队 | Mechanical scanning portable cooperative target air monitoring equipment and autonomous north correcting method |
| CN112669650A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-16 | 广西综合交通大数据研究院 | Privacy protection method, system and storage medium based on ADS-B message |
| CN112669650B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-12-13 | 广西综合交通大数据研究院 | Privacy protection method, system and storage medium based on ADS-B message |
| CN113301508A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-24 | 西北工业大学 | Aircraft position estimation and deception detection method |
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