CN104346504B - Method for determining forest gap size upper limit - Google Patents
Method for determining forest gap size upper limit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104346504B CN104346504B CN201310314128.0A CN201310314128A CN104346504B CN 104346504 B CN104346504 B CN 104346504B CN 201310314128 A CN201310314128 A CN 201310314128A CN 104346504 B CN104346504 B CN 104346504B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gap size
- upper limit
- woods window
- day
- forest gap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for determining forest gap size upper limit (maximum value) in forestry and ecology. In a certain area, maximum influence range value of optical projection of forest gap edge wood in a forest gap in an ideal state is determined according to sunshine time periods of key dates of solar elevation angle changes, and a specific value between the maximum range value and forest gap edge wood height is used to represent the forest gap size. According to the method for determining the forest gap size upper limit, the method for determining the forest gap size upper limit is provided for the first time to fill in the blank in the research field of forest gap which is put forward for the first time in 1936 and clearly defined in 1947, the forest gap size upper limit can be objectively and quantificationally determined, a unified comparable standard is provided for forest gap research of different regions in the world, and the mess situation of determining of the forest gap upper limit in the forest gap research field can be completely changed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of forestry and ecological middle forest window maxsize（Maximum）Determination method.
Background technology
Point out there is the woodland gap structure that storm is caused from Secrander in 1936, nineteen forty-seven Watt is for the first time clearly
Propose woods window（forest gap）Since concept, many correlational studyes are carried out both at home and abroad.Woods window is to be subject to little yardstick in forest
Under interference, the woodland space produced after crown canopy is opened.Woods window is used as forest cycle（forest recycle）During one
Important form, the always study hotspot in Vegetation renewal succession field.The formation of woods window changes the resource allocation lattice in woods window
Office, it is allowed to which understory species introduces a collection is released, and species are updated.Size, shape, Border Trees height of woods window etc. are considered as
Affect the principal element of gap regeneration.With deepening continuously that woods window is studied, it is considered that slash is dry with little yardstick woods window
Disturb has dramatically different at aspects such as Crack cause, environmental change, cycle rates（Yamamoto, 1992）, therefore, should distinguish little
Yardstick disturbs the woods window to be formed to disturb the slash to be formed with large scale.Research both at home and abroad in the past is related to the size of woods window not to be had
There is the unified upper limit, it is 1500m that such as Nagel et al. (2010) define big forest gap area2, and Holladay et al.
(2006) big forest gap area is then defined for 5000m2, Kathke and Bruelheide (2010) defines big forest gap area and is
16400m2；So far, in document occur forest gap area maximum be 4ha (Humber and Hermanutz, 2011).In the past
It is 1000m to occur many and universal received maximum forest gap area in research2（Schliemann and Bockheim,
2011）, this sorting technique is Lorimer（1989）It is manually set the boundary of large scale interference and small-scale disturbance.It will be apparent that
Can not reflect different regions, the difference of Different forest stands with regard to the upper limit of gap size.How the area of woods window and slash is determined
Do not become silviculturist and ecologist's focus of attention.
Woods window is with the most essential difference of slash：Various environmental factorss are by woods window edge wood in the range of woods window
Affect, and then have influence on species regeneration, succession in woods window；Especially the light shielding ability of Border Trees is to change the resource in woods window
Distribution and the factor of vegetation pattern's most critical；And slash is larger due to area, so certainly exist not affected by Border Trees
Region.Therefore, the size of woods window can be preferably characterized as parameter using woods window edge wood and woods window diameter, so that it is determined that woods
The difference of window and slash, the i.e. upper limit of gap size.
The content of the invention
For the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of, there is provided one can be used for accurate characterization woods
The characteristic parameter of window size, the upper limit for enabling gap size is objective, quantitatively determine and be possibly realized, and is world's different geographical woods window
Research provides unified, comparable standard, thoroughly changes the trouble waters that woods window research field is defined to the woods window upper limit.
The technical scheme that adopted for achieving the above object of the present invention is：A kind of method for determining the gap size upper limit, bag
Include following steps：
Select the key dates of monitoring and can shine the period；
In key dates and can be according in the period, according to woods window edge wood, optical projection coverage determines in woods window
Border Trees projected length；
Woods window radius is calculated using integration method, and then determines gap size；
Calculate the upper limit of gap size.
The key dates are day in the Spring Equinox, summer solstice, day in the Autumnal Equinox, winter solstice, and monitor area in vegetation growing season.
It is described to meet two conditions according to the period：
（1）Direct solar radiation intensity >=the 120W/m at more than half moment in time2；
（2）Direct solar radiation average strength >=the 120W/m at all moment in time2。
It is described that Border Trees projected length is determined according to woods window edge wood optical projection coverage in woods window including following
Step：
According to a certain moment sun altitude of somewhere calculation of longitude ＆ latitude
In formula, SA：Sun altitude,Local latitude, δ：Declination angle, t：Hour angle；
According to Border Trees height and sun altitude, certain moment Border Trees projected length is tried to achieve
In formula, H：Border Trees height, SAi：Sun altitude, Li：Border Trees projected length.
The utilization integration method calculates woods window radius, and then determines gap size, comprises the following steps：
To Border Trees projected length LiMeansigma methodss are calculated after integration as woods window radius
In formula, n：The when hop count being divided into some day, R：Woods window radius；
Gap size is represented with the ratio of woods window diameter and Border Trees height
In formula, n：The when hop count being divided into some day, D=2R：Woods window diameter, H：Border Trees height, SAi：The sun is high
Degree angle.
The upper limit of the gap size is：
In formula, (D/H)d：Vegetation growing season each day can be according to the gap size of period；(D/H)se：The woods window of day in the Spring Equinox is big
It is little, (D/H)ss：The gap size of summer solstice, (D/H)ae：The gap size of day in the Autumnal Equinox, (D/H)ws：The gap size of winter solstice.
The present invention has advantages below and beneficial effect：
1. objective first, quantitatively determine the determination method of the gap size upper limit of providing.
2. unified, comparable standard is provided for world's different geographical woods window research.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is determination woods window blade diameter length ratio schematic diagram；
Wherein, H：The Border Trees height of tree；D：The diameter of woods window O；It is possible thereby to calculate woods window blade diameter length ratio D/H.
Fig. 2 receives Border Trees coverage schematic diagram for ideally slash；
Wherein, perfect condition refers to that slash is circle, and woods window is woods on the level land that the gradient is 0 ° on a horizontal plane
Window edge wood is highly identical；H is the Border Trees height of tree；LiIt is that Border Trees at a time shine upon lower maximal projection length；SA1,
SA2, SA3..., SAnIt is a certain moment sun altitude；Roundlet O1It is that Border Trees project the region that cannot be affected；Annulus O1It is side
Edge wood projection influence area.As roundlet O1When size is just reduced to 0, great circle O1Size is the upper limit of gap size.
Fig. 3 can determine schematic diagram for the key dates according to the period；
Wherein, ω in figureseFor day in Spring Equinox running track from sun；ωssFor summer solstice running track from sun；ωaeFor day in the Autumnal Equinox
Running track from sun（It is identical with day in Spring Equinox running track from sun）；ωwsFor winter solstice running track from sun；Ceiling unlimited on high
In the case of, as direct solar radiation intensity >=120W/m2As the sun rises, less than sunshine threshold value 120W/m2, it is denoted as the sun
Fall, the curved segments with sunrise and sunset as end points are designated as can be interval according to the period.
Fig. 4 is one embodiment of the invention processing routine particular flow sheet.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention defines gap size and adopts woods window diameter（D）With woods window edge wood average height（H）Ratio（D/H）Table
Show（Fig. 1）；To determine the upper limit of a certain regional gap size, woods window is set as into perfect condition：Woods window is approximately circular, woods window
It is that on 0 ° of level land, woods window edge wood is highly identical in a gradient（Fig. 2）.
Present invention setting woods window interior zone is affected by Border Trees light shading projection, and then has one inside slash
Fixed region is not affected by Border Trees.Accordingly, woods window maximum gauge is the shadow for being subject to Border Trees light shading projection with woods window environment
Ring scope to determine.Due to due to earth rotation, in one day, sunlight under cloudless day state, in woods window from east to
West produces projection through Border Trees, and each moment produces maximal projection Li, by projected length LiIt is integrated, and calculates one
Meansigma methodss of shadow length project the woods window radius for affecting as Border Trees in it.Concrete calculating process：According to somewhere calculation of longitude ＆ latitude
A certain moment sun altitude（Solar altitude, are denoted as SAi）（Formula 1）, according to Border Trees height（H）With altitude of the sun
Angle, tries to achieve certain moment shadow long（Li）（Formula 2）, L long to shadowiMeansigma methodss are calculated after integration as woods window radius（R）（Formula 3）, use woods
Window diameter（D=2R）With woods window edge wood average height（H）Ratio（D/H）To represent gap size（Maximum）（Formula 4）.
In formula, SA：Sun altitude,Local latitude, δ：Declination angle, t：Hour angle.
In formula, n：Hop count when some day is divided into.
By（4）Knowable to formula, woods window blade diameter length ratio（D/H）It is only relevant with the sun altitude at each moment with Border Trees height nothing
Close.
In order to be integrated to the shadow length of one day inward flange wood, the problem of most critical is how to determine in one day to produce edge
The effective period of time of wooden shadow length；The shadow length that the sun is irradiated in woods window by Border Trees in only clear and definite one day from the beginning of when,
To when terminating to be effective, the shadow length of Border Trees could be integrated.Use for reference International Meteorological Organization in 2003（World
Meteorological Organization, WMO）Number during counterglow（Refer to the daily sun straight in its light plane
Meet radiant intensity >=120W/m2Time span）Definition, the present invention it is selected for determine one day in produce Border Trees shadow
Long effective period of time is defined as can be according to the period, i.e., under cloudless day state, by direct solar radiation intensity >=120W/m2As opening
Begin the threshold value for measuring, and is regarded as sun rise, and direct solar radiation intensity is less than into sunshine threshold value 120W/m2, it is regarded as the sun and falls,
The daily time period fallen as end points with sun rise and the sun as can shine the period（Fig. 3）.
Because woods window only works as the key element for affecting forest cover renewal, succession in Growing season, so reply forest
Each day Border Trees shadow length of vegetation growing season according to the period according to can be integrated and calculate woods window blade diameter length ratio（D/H）.But in reality
In operation, because weather is changeable, the reason such as data volume is big, Zhao the period statistical work to every day in Growing season is existing
It is real.And the Spring Equinox（Spring equinox, are denoted as se）, the Summer Solstice（Summer solstice, are denoted as ss）, the Autumnal Equinox（autumn
Equinox, is denoted as ae）, Winter Solstice（Winter solstice, are denoted as ws）It is the key node of sun altitude change in a year,
Therefore, the present invention is long by the shadow for calculating Zhao the period on location Growing season key node date, and then obtains woods window footpath
Height ratio, with this respective value of whole Growing season is approximately represented.Its meansigma methods is taken as the gap size upper limit (D/H)up。
In formula, (D/H)d：Vegetation growing season each day can be according to the woods window blade diameter length ratio of period；(D/H)se：Day in Spring Equinox woods window footpath
Height ratio, (D/H)ss：Summer solstice woods window blade diameter length ratio, (D/H)ae：Day in the Autumnal Equinox woods window blade diameter length ratio, (D/H)ws：Winter solstice woods window footpath is high
Than.
Embodiment：
（One）Direct solar radiation is monitored
To 41 ° 8 ' 53 " N, 124 ° 12 ' 6 " E, the direct solar radiation of height above sea level 23m is monitored, due to this area vegetation life
Long season does not include winter, so need to only obtain the direct solar radiation data of the region Spring Equinox, the Summer Solstice, day in the Autumnal Equinox.Data are
2006 to 2011 key dates（The Spring Equinox, the Summer Solstice, the Autumnal Equinox）Per 30 minutes, record once (different regions can be according to acquisition data
Time interval levels of precision is calculated).Because individual dates, indivedual periods are not cloudless days, so sunrise, sunset time
Select and must be fulfilled for two conditions：1）Most times（More than half times）The moment direct solar radiation intensity >=120W/m2,
2）The moment direct solar radiation average strength >=120W/m of all times2；So as to reduce incidental error.
（Two）Gap size upper limit result of calculation
2006 to 2011 Spring Equinox was determined according to direct solar radiation intensity, the Autumnal Equinox, the sun set/raise time of summer solstice,
And according to formula（1）, calculate in sunshine time per half an hour sun altitude（Table 1, table 2, table 3）.
In formula, SA：Sun altitude,Local latitude, δ：Declination angle, t：Hour angle.
1. day in the Spring Equinox of table sun altitude（°）
Note：25 points when the Spring Equinox in 2006 is 03 month 20 days 18；07 point when the Spring Equinox in 2007 is 03 month 21 days 00；Spring in 2008
48 points when being divided into 03 month 20 days 05；43 points when the Spring Equinox in 2009 is 03 month 20 days 11；32 when the Spring Equinox in 2010 is 03 month 20 days 17
Point；20 points when the Spring Equinox in 2011 is 03 month 20 days 23.
2. summer solstice of table sun altitude（°）
Note：25 points when the Summer Solstice in 2006 is 06 month 21 days 12；06 point when the Summer Solstice in 2007 is 06 month 21 days 18；Summer in 2008
59 points when most 06 month 20 days 23；45 points when the Summer Solstice in 2009 is 06 month 21 days 05；28 when the Summer Solstice in 2010 is 06 month 21 days 11
Point；16 points when the Summer Solstice in 2011 is 06 month 21 days 17.
3. day in the Autumnal Equinox of table sun altitude（°）
Note：03 point when the Autumnal Equinox in 2006 is 09 month 23 days 04；51 points when the Autumnal Equinox in 2007 is 09 month 23 days 09；Autumn in 2008
44 points when being divided into 09 month 22 days 15；18 points when the Autumnal Equinox in 2009 is 09 month 22 days 21；09 when the Autumnal Equinox in 2010 is 09 month 23 days 03
Point；04 point when the Autumnal Equinox in 2011 is 09 month 23 days 09.
According to formula（2）The Spring Equinox is calculated, the Summer Solstice, day in the Autumnal Equinox can be according to the effective projected length of the Border Trees of each period in the period
（Li）（Table 4, table 5, table 6）, and then obtain woods window diameter（D）；According to formula（3）Woods window diameter is calculated with woods window edge wood mean height
Degree（H）Ratio（D/H）.By local conditions, Border Trees average height is set as 15 m, calculate forest gap area and D/H
（Table 7）.
In formula, n：Can be according to the when hop count for being divided into 30 minutes in the period.
The effective projected length change of the day in the Spring Equinox of table 4.（m）
The effective projected length change of the summer solstice of table 5.（m）
The effective projected length change of the day in the Autumnal Equinox of table 6.（m）
7. key dates of table node woods window blade diameter length ratio（D/H）
According to formula（4）, calculate and try to achieve this area's gap size upper limit (D/H)upFor blade diameter length ratio 3.02.
(D/H)up≈average[(D/H)se,(D/H)ss,(D/H)ae] （4）
Formula（3）In (D/H)seIt is day in Spring Equinox woods window blade diameter length ratio, (D/H)ssIt is summer solstice woods window blade diameter length ratio, (D/H)aeIt is the autumn
Point day woods window blade diameter length ratio.
Claims (5)
1. it is a kind of determine the gap size upper limit method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Select the key dates of monitoring and can shine the period；
In the key dates and edge can be determined according to woods window edge wood optical projection coverage in woods window according in the period
Wooden projected length；
Woods window radius is calculated using integration method, and then determines gap size；
Calculate the upper limit of gap size；
The utilization integration method calculates woods window radius, and then determines gap size, comprises the following steps：
To Border Trees projected length LiMeansigma methodss are calculated after integration as woods window radius
In formula, n：The when hop count being divided into some day, R：Woods window radius；
Gap size is represented with the ratio of woods window diameter and Border Trees height
In formula, n：The when hop count being divided into some day, D=2R：Woods window diameter, H：Border Trees height, SAi：Sun altitude.
2. a kind of method for determining the gap size upper limit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the key dates are
Day in the Spring Equinox, summer solstice, day in the Autumnal Equinox, winter solstice, and area is monitored in vegetation growing season.
3. a kind of method for determining the gap size upper limit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described can be full according to the period
Two conditions of foot：
(1) the direct solar radiation intensity >=120W/m at measurement moment in more than half times2；
(2) the direct solar radiation average strength >=120W/m at all measurement moment in times2。
4. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of determine the gap size upper limit method, it is characterised in that it is described according to woods window side
Edge wood optical projection coverage in woods window determines Border Trees projected length, comprises the following steps：
According to a certain moment sun altitude of somewhere calculation of longitude ＆ latitude
In formula, SA：Sun altitude,Local latitude, δ：Declination angle, t：Hour angle；
According to Border Trees height and sun altitude, certain moment Border Trees projected length is tried to achieve
In formula, H：Border Trees height, SAi：Sun altitude, Li：Border Trees projected length.
5. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of determine the gap size upper limit method, it is characterised in that the gap size
The upper limit is：
In formula, (D/H)d：Vegetation growing season each day can be according to the gap size of period；(D/H)se：The gap size of day in the Spring Equinox,
(D/H)ss：The gap size of summer solstice, (D/H)ae：The gap size of day in the Autumnal Equinox, (D/H)ws：The gap size of winter solstice.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310314128.0A CN104346504B (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2013-07-24 | Method for determining forest gap size upper limit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310314128.0A CN104346504B (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2013-07-24 | Method for determining forest gap size upper limit |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104346504A CN104346504A (en) | 2015-02-11 |
| CN104346504B true CN104346504B (en) | 2017-04-26 |
Family
ID=52502093
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310314128.0A Active CN104346504B (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2013-07-24 | Method for determining forest gap size upper limit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104346504B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109407113A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-03-01 | 中南林业科技大学 | A kind of monitoring of woods window change in time and space and quantization method based on airborne laser radar |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101173855A (en) * | 2006-11-03 | 2008-05-07 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method for measuring forest gap area |
| CN101319896A (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2008-12-10 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method for measuring three-dimensional structure of forest gap |
| CN101408626A (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2009-04-15 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Method for measuring light irradiation time in forest gap |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8189877B2 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2012-05-29 | Carnegie Institution Of Washington | Remote sensing analysis of forest disturbances |
-
2013
- 2013-07-24 CN CN201310314128.0A patent/CN104346504B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101173855A (en) * | 2006-11-03 | 2008-05-07 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method for measuring forest gap area |
| CN101319896A (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2008-12-10 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method for measuring three-dimensional structure of forest gap |
| CN101408626A (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2009-04-15 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Method for measuring light irradiation time in forest gap |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 《林窗几何特征的测定方法》;胡理乐 等;《生态学报》;20100731;第30卷(第7期);全文 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104346504A (en) | 2015-02-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| de Jong et al. | Estimating the impact of climate change on wind and solar energy in Brazil using a South American regional climate model | |
| Jerez et al. | The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on renewable energy resources in southwestern Europe | |
| Roth et al. | Multi‐year energy balance and carbon dioxide fluxes over a residential neighbourhood in a tropical city | |
| Mahmood et al. | Land cover changes and their biogeophysical effects on climate | |
| Page | The role of solar-radiation climatology in the design of photovoltaic systems | |
| Alamdari et al. | Solar energy potentials in Iran: A review | |
| Markvart et al. | Practical handbook of photovoltaics: fundamentals and applications | |
| Wu et al. | Evaluating the effects of land use and cover change on the decrease of surface wind speed over China in recent 30 years using a statistical downscaling method | |
| Yokobori et al. | Effect of land cover on air temperatures involved in the development of an intra-urban heat island | |
| Rushayati et al. | Adaptation strategy toward urban heat island at tropical urban area | |
| CN109510198A (en) | A kind of photovoltaic power generation receiving capability assessment method based on Radiation Characteristics meteorology scene | |
| KR20160078920A (en) | Method and apparatus for calculating irradiance of target point | |
| Suomi | Characteristics of urban heat island (UHI) in a high latitude coastal city-a case study of Turku, SW Finland | |
| Juvik et al. | A 50th anniversary reassessment of the seminal ‘L a na'i fog drip study’in Hawai'i | |
| CN104346504B (en) | Method for determining forest gap size upper limit | |
| Kaya | Evaluation of the existing solar energy and rainwater potential in the Total roof area of buildings: Izmit District example | |
| Makaronidou | Assessment on the local climate effects of solar photovoltaic parks | |
| KR102326375B1 (en) | A missing insolation data generating apparatus and method | |
| Neff et al. | The meteorology and chemistry of high nitrogen oxide concentrations in the stable boundary layer at the South Pole | |
| Zhong et al. | Impacts of future urbanization and rooftop photovoltaics on the surface meteorology and energy balance of Lhasa, China | |
| Paton et al. | A metropolitan wind resource assessment for Bangkok, Thailand part 1: Wind resource mapping | |
| CN111428975B (en) | Solar resource evaluation method and device and computer readable storage medium | |
| Xin et al. | Impacts of upper tropospheric cooling upon the late spring drought in East Asia simulated by a regional climate model | |
| Eftimie | Estimating Clear Sky Solar Radiation Using Linke and Ångström Turbidity Coefficients in Romania | |
| Li et al. | Mapping and assessment of the urban heat island in Zhengzhou city |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |