CN104343665A - 具有功率调节的活塞式压缩机 - Google Patents

具有功率调节的活塞式压缩机 Download PDF

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CN104343665A
CN104343665A CN201410387762.1A CN201410387762A CN104343665A CN 104343665 A CN104343665 A CN 104343665A CN 201410387762 A CN201410387762 A CN 201410387762A CN 104343665 A CN104343665 A CN 104343665A
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valve
stop valve
piston compressor
reciprocting piston
compressor
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CN104343665B (zh
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B·施皮格尔
A·布兰德尔
F·沙舍雷特尔
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Helbi Gwynn Co., Ltd.
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Hoerbiger Kompressortechnik Holding GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06—Control using electricity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/10—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members
    • F04B39/102—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members the members being disc valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/08—Actuation of distribution members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/02—Stopping, starting, unloading or idling control
    • F04B49/03—Stopping, starting, unloading or idling control by means of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/22—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves
    • F04B49/225—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves with throttling valves or valves varying the pump inlet opening or the outlet opening
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/22—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves
    • F04B49/24—Bypassing
    • F04B49/243—Bypassing by keeping open the inlet valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0644—One-way valve
    • F16K31/0655—Lift valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/10—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members
    • F04B39/1053—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members the members being Hoerbigen valves

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Abstract

周期式可切换的截止阀(2)用于通过短暂地关断进气供给来功率调节，所述截止阀构造成多元件的环形阀并且借助于电磁铁(12)直接操纵。通过由进气供给(3)直至衔铁板(9)后面的压力平衡可以使用于转换截止阀(2)的操纵力保持得小。

Description

具有功率调节的活塞式压缩机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种活塞式压缩机，特别是作为冷却设备压气机或者空调设备压气机，所述活塞式空气压缩机具有用于功率调节的装置，该装置具有至少一个设置在进气侧的并且能在打开的和关闭的位置之间周期式地切换的截止阀，该截止阀用于短暂地关断进气供给。
背景技术
具有上述类型的功率调节的压缩机例如由EP 982497 B1、EP1515047 B1或者EP 1279833 B1已知。此外，JP 63-138490、US 4743168和其他文献示出特别是多缸式的往复活塞式压缩机的用于功率调节的装置，所述装置按照所描述的类型在输送量方面大多仅控制气缸的一部分(通常多个气缸排(Zylinderbank)之一)。特别是，冷却设备或者空调设备由于持续改变的环境条件和所需的冷却功率在不同的负载的大范围内运行，这对于高效率的运行需要尽可能简单地构建的功率调节系统。在所有至今在这一点上已知的系统中的缺点是用于调节进气供给的截止阀的结构型式，该结构型式为了相应大的流量而需要大的阀行程，这仅允许低的频率。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，这样改善开头提及类型的装置，使得避免至今已知的装置的所提及的缺点并且使得特别是能实现简单地并且小尺寸地操纵也快速地能周期式地切换的截止阀，所述截止阀具有少的进气损失。
该任务按照本发明通过如下方式来解决，即，在开头提及类型的装置中，所述截止阀构造成多元件的环形阀并且通过电磁铁直接操纵，该电磁铁借助于与可运动的衔铁板连接的操纵柱塞对与该操纵柱塞连接的阀板起作用，其中，设有由进气供给部出发导向至衔铁板后面的压力平衡通道，该压力平衡通道具有连接的压力平衡面(压力平衡活塞)。利用该在往复活塞式压缩机中经常用作进气阀和/或压力阀的环形阀也能够以少的进气损失快速周期式地切换非常大的通流横截面，其中，有利的压力平衡负责以下内容，即，所需的操纵力能够保持尽可能小，这能实现以小尺寸的电磁铁(优选无单独冷却)的直接操纵并且功率调节的能量吸收保持得低。
但是所述装置的最大的优点在于，通过使用具有非常小的阀行程(例如1.5mm)的环形阀达到必需的阀横截面。用于气缸排关断的至今已知的调节活塞覆盖在阀座板中的一个唯一的大孔。由此，存在的调节活塞需要非常大的阀行程(例如10mm)，以便达到所需的通流横截面。大的阀行程具有一个决定性的缺点。打开过程和关闭过程持续相对长的时间。这一方面是无效率的，因为在打开阶段和关闭阶段期间通流横截面是小的，另一方面限制阀的频率。在小的阀行程时，阀可以非常快速地打开(关闭)，由此，迅速地开启或者截止阀横截面，可以提高周期频率并且使阀冲击速度可以保持很小(高的健壮性)。
最近，气缸排关断特别是以周期式的操纵来使用。不过，频率由于大的行程被向上限制。频率越高，调节就变得越无级。分级的功率调节具有如下缺点，即，不能精确地调节到所需的供应量上(＝必需的冷却功率)。这导致效率损害。变频器解决该问题但却是昂贵的并且可能导致其他问题如振动。利用按照本发明的快速周期式的气缸排关断的解决方案，通过尽可能高的频率确保准无级的调节。
原则上，对于按照本发明的装置，不管阀板沿吸入气体的流动方向还是逆着吸入气体的流动方向打开——两个变型方案都可以通过截止阀的相应布置结构和构造形式连同其操纵和压力平衡来实现。
优选地规定，所述阀板沿打开方向弹簧加载。此外，不仅可以沿打开方向而且可以沿关闭方向设置电磁操纵。
在本发明的优选的另一种构造形式中，所述压力平衡通道直接延伸穿过环形阀连同操纵柱塞和衔铁板，这简化了压缩机壳体和必要时气缸盖的结构上的构成方式。除此之外，为了简化截止阀的实施方式，压力平衡通道也可以在压缩机壳体和/或气缸盖中延伸。
在本发明的其他有利的构造形式中，所述截止阀的阀座也可以作为附加部件紧固、优选压入在气缸盖中或者在压缩机壳体中，并且必要时(而且阀板或者整个截止阀也)由塑料构成。
附图说明
以下借助于在附图中分别以在气缸盖的区域中示出的往复活塞式压缩机的细节剖视图更详细地阐述本发明。在此，图1示出在关闭位置中用于功率调节的能周期式地切换的截止阀，并且图2示出在打开位置中的截止阀，并且图3和4示出另一个实施例的类似的示图。
具体实施方式
在图1和2中仅示意性地示出的往复活塞式压缩机优选用作冷却设备压气机或者空调设备压气机，并且具有用于功率调节的装置，该装置具有至少一个在进气侧设置在气缸1的一部分之前并且能在打开的(图2)和关闭的位置(图1)之间周期式地切换的截止阀2，该截止阀用于短暂地关断由室3向该气缸1的进气供给。以4标记在这里构成为簧片阀的进气阀并且以5标记同样构成为簧片阀的压力阀，该进气阀和压力阀通过往复活塞6在气缸1中往复式运动来控制由进气室7输送到压力室8中的气体的所进行的压缩。
截止阀2构造成多元件的环形阀并且通过电磁铁12直接操纵，该电磁铁借助于与可运动的衔铁板9连接的操纵柱塞10对与该操纵柱塞连接的阀板11起作用。为了减少所需的操纵力，设有由进气供给部(室3)出发的压力平衡通道13，所述压力平衡通道穿过环形阀2连同操纵柱塞10和衔铁板9直至衔铁板9后面。在衔铁板9的上面的室18在这里借助于密封环14密封，以此在截止阀2关闭时在该室18中存在的压力基本上等于在室3中的压力，从而在关断电磁铁12时，负载弹簧15和在室18中存在的压力能够非常轻微地重新打开截止阀2(逆着流动方向打开，图3和图4)。另一方面，在由打开位置转换到关闭位置中时，接着重新在室18中构建的压力对于关住截止阀地起支持作用(图1和图2)。
但是，除了穿过截止阀2的压力平衡通道的所示的构成方式之外，也可以在压缩机壳体16中和在气缸盖17中设有相应的通道，以便将室3与室18连接。此外，除了所示的实施方式之外，也可以设有阀座作为优选压入在气缸盖中的单独的部件。截止阀2的单个的或者所有的部件(自然除了电磁铁12之外)也能够由塑料构成。
利用所示的装置能够实现快速能周期式地关断单个的气缸或者所有气缸排以用于功率调节，其中，即使在小的并且能快速且以小的操纵力实现的往复高度时，在截止阀2处相对大的通流横截面也确保少的损失并且压力平衡仅需要相对小的操纵力来转换截止阀2。
现在，在按照图3和4的实施例中与按照图1和2的实施例有区别地规定，阀板11逆着吸入气体的流动方向(亦即在示图中向下)打开。因此，电磁铁12设置在衔铁板9上方(在这里通过密封圈19在气缸盖17的孔中密封)，该衔铁板又通过操纵柱塞10与阀板11连接，通过所述孔能安装衔铁板9连同操纵柱塞10。阀板11在这里也又通过负载弹簧15沿打开方向加载。衔铁板9在壳体侧的止挡在按照图1和2的截止阀2打开时由盘片20形成，而按照图3和4使用在衔铁板9的下侧的环21。
按照图3和4的实施方式的其他的部件与在图1和2中的部件至少在功能上相似并且也配设有相同的附图标记。
在按照图1和2的实施方式中，压力平衡面(室18的下边界)小于在截止阀2上的压力作用面。一旦关断电磁铁12，则截止阀2沿流动方向打开(图2)。因此通过在截止阀2上的较大的压力作用面，净力向上起作用。与此相对地，压力平衡面在按照图3和4的实施方式中大于在截止阀2上的压力作用面。
一旦关断电磁铁12，截止阀2就以此逆着流动方向打开(图4)。通过在压力平衡活塞上较大的压力作用面，净力向下起作用。

Claims (6)

1.往复活塞式压缩机，特别是作为冷却设备压气机或者空调设备压气机，所述往复活塞式压缩机具有用于功率调节的装置，该装置具有至少一个设置在进气侧的并且能在打开的和关闭的位置之间周期式地切换的截止阀(2)以用于短暂地关断进气供给，其特征在于，所述截止阀(2)构造成多元件的环形阀并且通过电磁铁(12)直接操纵，该电磁铁借助于与可运动的衔铁板(9)连接的操纵柱塞(10)对与该操纵柱塞连接的阀板(11)起作用，并且设有由进气供给部(3)出发导向至衔铁板(9)后面的压力平衡通道(13)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的往复活塞式压缩机，其特征在于，所述阀板(11)沿打开方向弹簧加载。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的往复活塞式压缩机，其特征在于，所述压力平衡通道(13)延伸穿过环形阀连同操纵柱塞(10)和衔铁板(9)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的往复活塞式压缩机，其特征在于，所述压力平衡通道(13)延伸穿过压缩机壳体(16)和/或气缸盖(17)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中一个或者多个所述的往复活塞式压缩机，其特征在于，所述截止阀(2)的阀座作为附加部件紧固、优选压入在气缸盖(17)中或者在压缩机壳体(16)中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的往复活塞式压缩机，其特征在于，所述阀座、阀板(11)或者整个截止阀(2)由塑料构成。
CN201410387762.1A 2013-08-08 2014-08-08 具有功率调节的活塞式压缩机 Active CN104343665B (zh)

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CN113719438A (zh) * 2021-09-15 2021-11-30 付相银 一种液压式自调节空气压缩机

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