CN104343633B - A kind of vertical axis windmill yaw system and preparation method thereof and the wind energy ship with it - Google Patents
A kind of vertical axis windmill yaw system and preparation method thereof and the wind energy ship with it Download PDFInfo
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- CN104343633B CN104343633B CN201410523201.XA CN201410523201A CN104343633B CN 104343633 B CN104343633 B CN 104343633B CN 201410523201 A CN201410523201 A CN 201410523201A CN 104343633 B CN104343633 B CN 104343633B
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/84—Modelling or simulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vertical axis windmill yaw system and preparation method thereof and the wind energy ship with it, by setting blade (400) yaw system, all in optimum angle of attack when making the blade (400) rotate to any position, lift-drag ratio is maximum, power coefficient highest.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wind power utilization device field in renewable energy utilization technical field, more particularly to one kind are vertical
Axle wind energy conversion system yaw system and preparation method thereof and the wind energy ship with it.
Background technology
The utilization of regenerative resource is current the problem of all attach great importance to both at home and abroad, and the main product of wind energy utilization is exactly
Horizontal axis wind-driven generator group, has accomplished several megawatts at present.But because there is geneogenous weakness in the structure of this wind energy conversion system,
Such as fan blade carries that lotus is unbalanced using cantilever beam structure, wind turbine main shaft, makes the technical difficulty of further increase single-machine capacity
All increase significantly with development cost.So far inaccessible 10 MW class threshold.Compared to horizontal-shaft wind turbine, vertical axis windmill
Development is slower.Even industry thinks the darrieus formula vertical axis windmill most possibly competed with horizontal-shaft wind turbine, extremely
The present is also introduced into large-scale application.Restricting the principal element of its development has：
One, efficiency is low.Resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine inefficiency, without competitiveness.And lift-type typically all using pair
Title type fan blade, its lift-drag ratio is relatively low.Through inquiry, the blade of various lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion systems does not have both at home and abroad at present
Standby automatic driftage function, it is maximum that its blade just can reach lift in rotary course, at each week only two.It is theoretical using foline
Understood after its lift is decomposed with time-vector method, can utilize what is rotated to promote wind wheel, only rotate disc phase with wind wheel
That a part of power cut.
Two, are difficult to do high-power.By taking Φ type darrieus wind energy conversion systems as an example, it is intended to do high-power it is necessary to increasing sweeping for its wind wheel
Plunder area, it is necessary to increase the length of axis.In order to prevent its elongated axis from being bent in wind, it is necessary to several hawsers by axis
The bearing block on top is fixed.This structuring limits the setting height(from bottom) of wind wheel, it is set to be operated in subaerial height.And
Subaerial wind-force is general weaker, and turbulent flow is also larger, runs with being unfavorable for wind wheel stability and high efficiency.To avoid middle axle fracture, mesh
Before, the Darrieus that can go up high bar is all small-power product.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention be to provide one kind make blade remain in the process of running optimum angle of attack,
Improve vertical axis windmill yaw system of wind energy conversion system operational efficiency and preparation method thereof and the wind energy ship with it.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of vertical axis windmill driftage system
Be provided with main shaft free to rotate in system, including tower body, the tower body, the main shaft is externally provided with the middle column body of tubular, it is described in
Cylinder is combined into positive multiaspect frame body structure by column and crossbeam, and middle column body is fixedly connected with main shaft；
Two groups of crossbeams or multigroup crossbeam is provided with the paddle arm that stretches out up and down up and down, blade is hinged with paddle arm；
Yaw device is additionally provided with the middle main body, the yaw device includes driftage guide rail wheel, driftage guide arm and driftage
Arm, the driftage wheel is rotatably mounted around on the main bearing seat, and driftage guide rail wheel is provided with guide rail, the driftage guide arm one
End is hinged provided with the driftage wheel that can be rolled in guide rail, the driftage guide arm other end with crossbeam；Cut with scissors with paddle arm described driftage arm one end
Connect, the other end is hinged with driftage guide arm.
The main shaft is installed in rotation on main bearing seat, and the main bearing seat is fixedly connected with tower body；The driftage
Wheel is rotatably mounted around on the main bearing seat, is fixed with the driftage guide rail wheel on tuning pinion, the tower body
Provided with power transmission shaft, power transmission shaft is provided with the tuning master gear being meshed with tuning pinion, is additionally provided with the driving power transmission shaft
Drive mechanism.
The drive mechanism is orientation adjusting motor, and the orientation adjusting motor is connected by tuning worm and gear with power transmission shaft.
The drive mechanism includes tuning gear wheel and tuning little gear, and the tuning gear wheel is installed in rotation on tower
With, it is fixed with wind vane on tuning gear wheel；The tuning little gear is meshed with tuning gear wheel, and tuning little gear passes through
Tuning worm and gear is connected with power transmission shaft.
The drive mechanism includes being fixed with wind direction on the tubular axle being installed in rotation on tower body, the tubular axle
Tuning gear wheel is fixed with mark, tubular axle, the power transmission shaft is provided with tuning little gear, the tuning gear wheel and tuning
Little gear is meshed.
A kind of preparation method of above-mentioned vertical axis windmill yaw system, the core of preparation method is to determine driftage guide rail
The guiderail track of wheel, comprises the following steps：
1) the optimum angle of attack α KM of blade are determined according to actual use situation；
2) Yawing mechanism model is set up, middle column body rotary course is simulated；
3) when blade rotates to a position, blade angle, the requirement for making it meet optimum angle of attack α KM, according to inclined are adjusted
Navigate the relative position of arm, driftage guide arm and crossbeam, show that driftage guide arm end is gone off course the position of the guide rail of the guide rail wheel point；
4) complete trajectory of the guide rail of driftage guide rail wheel is determined according to the 3rd step；
5) the complete trajectory processing driftage guide rail wheel of the guide rail of the driftage guide rail wheel drawn according to the 4th step.
There is above-mentioned vertical axis windmill yaw system on a kind of wind energy ship, including hull, the hull.
A technical scheme in above-mentioned technical proposal has the following advantages that or beneficial effect, blade in rotation process,
In the presence of the guide rail of driftage guide rail wheel, driftage guide arm driving blade changes angle in real time, meets at each position, blade
All there is optimum angle of attack, lift-drag ratio is maximum, power coefficient highest improves wind-force engine efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the vertical axis windmill yaw system provided in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is wind speed, the wind vector schematic diagram relative to blade when wind wheel is rotated；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram for the track for determining driftage guide rail wheel；
Fig. 4 is Fig. 3 exemplary position structural representation；
Fig. 5 is Fig. 3 complete trajectory structural scheme of mechanism；
Fig. 6 is the sectional view of Fig. 1 vertical axis windmill yaw systems；
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the Wind direction regulating mechanism of embodiment two；
Fig. 8 is Fig. 7 sectional view；
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the Wind direction regulating mechanism of embodiment three；
Figure 10 is Fig. 9 partial enlarged drawing；
Figure 11 is Fig. 9 partial enlarged drawing；
Figure 12 is the mechanics analysis schematic diagram that blade lift is produced；
Mark in above-mentioned figure is：101st, column, 102, crossbeam, 103, brace, 104, paddle arm, 105, cross-arm beam,
107th, wind wheel hub, 108, main shaft, 109, main bearing seat, 110, main bearing seat load sharing component, 111, load sharing bearing,
202nd, paddle arm and blade linkage, 300, tower body, 400, blade, 501, driftage guide rail wheel, 502, driftage wheel, 503, driftage leads
Arm, 504, driftage arm, 505, driftage guide arm seat, 506, driftage arm roller, 507, tuning worm and gear, 508, tuning master gear,
509th, tuning pinion, 510, orientation adjusting motor, 511, tuning gear wheel, 512, tuning little gear, 513, tuning gear wheel is oriented to
Wheel, 514, wind vane, 515, power transmission shaft, 516, tubular axle, 517, shaft coupling, 605, driftage arm and blade linkage.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to embodiment party of the present invention
Formula is described in further detail.
Relevant research shows, the power coefficient C of vertical axis windmillPTip-speed ratio λ with wind wheel is in close relations.To certain
The blade 400 of a kind of aerofoil profile, only when tip-speed ratio λ reaches certain certain value λMWhen, the C of its wind wheelPValue can be only achieved maximum.It is different
Aerofoil profile, its maximum CPThe corresponding optimal tip-speed ratio λ of valueMIt is also discrepant.According to Templin empirical equations, optimal point speed
Compare λMRelation with wind wheel radius of turn R, wind wheel blade number B and leaf chord length C is：
In order that wind energy conversion system Effec-tive Function, should also allow blade 400 during operation, it is suitable to remain
The angle of attack.Therefore, present invention employs unique yaw system of blade 400, its operation principle is as follows：
Referring to Fig. 2, if the wind wheel of a certain aerofoil profile, as its power coefficient CPWhen value is maximum, corresponding optimal tip-speed ratio λM
In this example, if N=4, then the method that can use vector addition draws λ to=NMWhen=4, phase of the blade 400 in diverse location
To wind vector VnN=0,1 ... 7.V in figureiThe relative wind vector that triggers is rotated for wind wheel, its rotating speed arrow with wind wheel
Amount is equal in magnitude, in the opposite direction, VfFor wind vector, VnEqual to ViWith VfVector sum.For ease of it is clear that only being drawn in figure
Wherein be located at 0 degree, 45 degree, 90 degree, 135 degree, 180 degree, 225 degree, 270 degree, 315 degree 8 points each vector.It can be seen that, wind wheel
When rotating, wind speed, wind direction relative to blade 400 all regularly vary constantly.
If this aerofoil profile is in its lift-drag ratio K=Cl/CdAngle of attack when value is maximum is αKM, then can according to blade 400 relative wind velocity
Vector VnDraw Q of the blade 400 in diverse location, string of a musical instrument during in optimum angle of attack, i.e. Fig. 2nAnN=0,1,2 ... 7).
QnAnWith VnBetween angle all be αKM。
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of vertical axis windmill yaw system, including tower body 300, tower body 300 is interior to be provided with free to rotate
Main shaft 108, main shaft 108 is externally provided with the middle column body of tubular, and middle column body is combined into positive multiaspect framework by column 101 and crossbeam 102
Body structure, middle column body is fixedly connected with main shaft 108；
Two groups of crossbeams 102 or multigroup crossbeam 102 is provided with the paddle arm 104 that stretches out, blade 400 and paddle arm up and down up and down
104 are hinged；
Yaw device is additionally provided with the top of tower body 300, yaw device includes driftage guide rail wheel 501, driftage wheel 502, driftage
Guide arm 503 and arm 504 of going off course, driftage guide rail wheel 501 are provided with and can led provided with flute profile driftage guide rail, driftage guide arm 503 one end
The driftage wheel 502 rolled in rail, the driftage other end of guide arm 503 is hinged with the driftage guide arm seat 505 on crossbeam 102；Driftage arm 504
One end is hinged with the driftage arm seat in paddle arm 104, and the other end is hinged with driftage guide arm 503.
Main shaft 108 is installed in rotation on main bearing seat 109, and main bearing seat 109 is fixedly connected with tower body 300；Driftage
Wheel 502 is rotatably mounted around on main bearing seat 109, is fixed with driftage guide rail wheel 501 on tuning pinion 509, pylon
The power transmission shaft 515 of a positioned vertical is provided with tower, the upper end of power transmission shaft 515 is provided with the tuning being meshed with tuning pinion 509
The tuning drive mechanism of driving power transmission shaft 515 is additionally provided with master gear 508, tower.
Embodiment one
When wind wheel rotates, driftage wheel 502 is run in channled rail, can produce a reaction force to driftage guide rail wheel 501,
Its " orientation footpath " can not be consistent with wind direction, so as to cause driftage to fail.Therefore, it is necessary to enable driftage guide rail wheel 501
Lock wind direction at any time, the change of a box haul and rotate, do not influenceed by other factors.The yaw system of the present invention is according to adjustment
It is divided into two kinds with the difference of locking wind direction mode：Active yaw system and passive type yaw system.
Fig. 6 is an active yawing system construction rough schematic view.Drive mechanism is orientation adjusting motor 510, orientation adjusting motor
510 are connected by tuning worm and gear 507 with vertical drive shaft 515.Guide rail wheel 501 of being gone off course in figure is located in its channled rail
It is driftage wheel 502.Driftage 502 axles of wheel are installed on " the tracking end " of driftage guide arm 503, and the driftage other end of guide arm 503 is with Link chain device
Structure is mounted on the driftage guide arm seat 505 of middle column body crossbeam 102, and hinge axis is equivalent to the Cn points in Fig. 4.Driftage arm
504 one end is connected with linkage with driftage guide arm 503, and the hinge axis is located at the middle part of driftage guide arm 503, equivalent to figure
Bn points in 4.The other end of driftage arm 504 is installed on the driftage arm seat of blade 400 with linkage (to be not drawn into figure.Adjust
It is fixed on to pinion 509 in driftage guide rail wheel 501, its axle center and the axle center one of main shaft 108 that driftage guide rail wheel 501 is wind wheel
Cause.Tuning pinion 509 is engaged with tuning master gear 508.The transmission that the worm gear of tuning worm and gear 507 passes through a positioned vertical
Axle 515 is connected with tuning master gear 508.When wind vector, the drive exported by wind direction detection control unit (being not drawn into figure)
Dynamic signal driving tuning motor 510, by tuning worm and gear 507 and the major and minor gear of tuning etc., drives driftage guide rail wheel
501 rotate.When " the orientation footpath " of guide rail of going off course is consistent with wind direction, tuning motor 510 shuts down.Due to worm and gear
With auto-lock function, so the rotation of driftage guide rail wheel 501 is solely dependent upon the change of wind direction, yaw system so can be achieved
Wind direction is locked.The correlation technique of wind direction detection and control unit in system is very ripe, therefore is no longer described in detail.
Embodiment two
It is the tuning drive mechanism of a passive type yaw system referring to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, including tuning gear wheel 511 and adjusts
To little gear 512, tuning gear wheel 511 relies on one group of directive wheel 513 to be installed in rotation on horizontality on tower body 300,
Wind vane 514 is fixed with tuning gear wheel 511；Tuning little gear 512 is meshed with tuning gear wheel 511, tuning little gear
512 are connected by a horizontal drive shaft 515 with the worm screw of tuning worm and gear 507, and its worm gear is connected with vertical drive shaft 515.
Passive type yaw system is used for non-power generating purposes (such as drawing water) in areas without electricity, with unique advantage.This is
The operation principle of system is similar to active yaw system, equally has wind direction lock function.Difference is, its tuning worm gear snail
Bar 507 is driven by motor, but driven by a pair of wind vanes 514 by the gear of one group of big speed ratio.Fig. 7-8
For a principle schematic, it is adaptable to tubular tower body.The worm gear of tuning worm and gear 507 passes through a vertical drive shaft 515 in figure
Tuning master gear 508 is rotated, these are all identical with active yaw system.Tuning gear wheel 511 and tuning little gear 512 are one
The gear train of big speed ratio, tuning gear wheel 511 is ring-type, and its internal diameter is more than the external diameter of tower body corresponding position, only along outside tower body
The circular trace of some directive wheel formation is rotated, and a pair of wind vanes 514 are installed on tuning gear wheel 511.When wind direction changes, wind
Rotating torque is produced to the wing plate of mark 514, drives tuning gear wheel 511 to rotate, and by connecting the vertical drive shaft of worm gear
515, so as to drive tuning little gear 512 and drive tuning worm and wormwheel to rotate by the power transmission shaft 515 of a horizontal setting, finally
Driving driftage guide rail wheel 501 makes corresponding rotation.Position of the grade element of wind vane 514 on tower body is appropriate, to avoid oar
Interference of the air agitation to the wing plate of wind vane 514 caused by leaf 400.The torque that wind vane 514 is produced also must be sufficiently large, can
Ensure that final driving driftage guide rail wheel 501 is successfully turned to.Tuning gear wheel 511 can use common involute tooth type, also may be used
Using pin-shaped tooth, and some sections are divided into, in favor of processing, transport and installation.Tuning little gear 512 uses corresponding tooth
Type.
To make the deflection of driftage guide rail wheel 501 synchronous with the change of wind direction, except the steering of gear and worm and gear is necessary
Outside correct, it is necessary to which it is 1 to make associated gear and the resultant gear ratio of worm and gear.
Embodiment three
Fig. 9-11 is another form of passive type yaw system, it is adaptable to use the wind of the larger truss-like tower body of across footpath
Power machine.Its operation principle is identical with shown in Fig. 7-8, and tuning drive mechanism includes the pipe being installed in rotation on tower body 300
It is fixed with shape axle 516, tubular axle 516 on wind vane 514, tubular axle 516 and is fixed with tuning gear wheel 511, power transmission shaft
515 are provided with tuning little gear 512, and tuning gear wheel 511 is meshed with tuning little gear 512.Tuning little gear couples worm gear
The worm screw of worm screw 507, the lower end connection worm gear of vertical drive shaft 515, upper end connection tuning master gear 508.
Requirement to component in system is also similar, and difference is wind vane 514 and tuning gear wheel 511, tuning is small
The grade component of gear 512 is moved on in tower body.Wind vane 514 and tuning gear wheel 511 are all arranged on a tubular axle 516, the pipe
Shape axle 516 and main shaft 108 are concentric and can be rotated around the axis of main shaft 108.Main shaft 108 is passed through out of this tubular axle 516.Wind vane
During 514 deflection, tuning gear wheel 511 is rotated therewith, and passes through tuning little gear 512, tuning worm and gear 507, vertical
The grade component of power transmission shaft 515, " the orientation footpath " of final driving driftage guide rail wheel 501 is consistent with wind direction.
Example IV
A kind of preparation method of above-mentioned vertical axis windmill yaw system, the core of preparation method is to determine driftage guide rail
The guiderail track of wheel 501, comprises the following steps：
1) the optimum angle of attack α of blade 400 is determined according to actual use situationKM；
2) Yawing mechanism model is set up, middle column body rotary course is simulated；
3) when blade 400 rotates to a position, the angle of blade 400 is adjusted, it is met optimum angle of attack αKMRequirement, root
According to the relative position of driftage arm 504, driftage guide arm 503 and crossbeam 102, show that driftage guide arm 503 end is gone off course guide rail wheel 501
The guide rail point position；
4) complete trajectory of the guide rail of driftage guide rail wheel 501 is determined according to the 3rd step；
5) the complete trajectory processing driftage guide rail wheel 501 of the guide rail of the driftage guide rail wheel 501 drawn according to the 4th step.
Also the track of the guide rail of driftage guide rail wheel 501 can be determined using drawing：
For vertical axis windmill (H types), running orbit one cylinder of formation of its wind wheel, Fig. 4 is in the middle part of the track
Horizontal cross-section, Fig. 3 be the section part.O points are wind wheel axle center, line segment Q0P0、Q2P2、Q4P4、Q6P6For four paddle arm 104
Projection of the center line on the section, and line segment P0P6、P0P2、P2P4、P4P6It is also middle column body associated rod member center line on the section
Projection.Circle O is that the end points of paddle arm 104 projects the track formed during rotation, radius OQ0It is orthogonal with wind direction, only in Q0Point, blade 400
The direction of motion just it is consistent with wind direction.With Q0For starting point, taken every 45 ° on the circle a bit, obtain point Q0~Q7.If Fig. 3, Fig. 4
In the parameter such as wind speed, wind direction, the diameter of wind wheel, rotating speed, steering it is all identical with Fig. 2, string of a musical instrument QnAn (n=0,1 ... 7) with phase
All it is α to the angle between wind speed VnKM。
Referring to Fig. 3, using aerofoil profile data, positioned at Q0Point the string of a musical instrument of blade 400 on, find blade 400 be in most preferably meet
Angle αΚΜWhen Center of Pressure D0Point, connects wind wheel axle center O, obtains line segment OD0；Again using O points as intersection point, make a straight line perpendicular to
OD0, and with the center line P of middle column body crossbeam 1022P4Intersect at C0 points.
One point T0 is intercepted on the radius OQ0 orthogonal with wind direction with the length determined, couples T0, C0, obtains line segment
T0C0.When wind wheel rotates around axle center O, C0 track is obviously also a circle using O points as the center of circle.Using C0 as starting point, at this
Taken a bit every 45 ° on circle, then can obtain point C0~C7.
Take A0The appropriate location that point is located between mid-chord and trailing edge (if necessary also can be by A0Point takes the string after trailing edge
It is discussed below on the extended line of line).(n=0,1 ... ... length 7) is all equal by QnAn.Using A0 as starting point, make line segment OD0
Parallel lines, and intersect at B0 points with line segment T0C0, if B0C0 length is M, T0B0 length is N, and A0B0 length is L.
As seen from the figure, line segment C0T0, B0A0 and string of a musical instrument A0Q0 have effectively formed a hinge linkage, and C0, B0, A0, Q0 are each hinge
The axle center of chain.It will analyze below, so select the position in these axle center, can relatively efficiently utilize the footpath of the lift of blade 400
To component.
Respectively with A1And C1Point is the center of circle, makees two sections of arcs by radius of length L and M, intersects at B1Point, in line segment C1B1Prolong
Intercepted on long line with length N, then can must fall point T1。
Obviously, line segment A1B1=A0B0
T1C1=T0C0
T1B1=T0B0
Referring to Fig. 4, then respectively with A2、C2For the center of circle, with same method, invocation point B can use2And T2。
With similar method, you can obtain point T successively3~T7.With smooth curve by T0~T7Each point is connected, and is obtained
To an irregular closed curve, it can be called " driftage track ".The axle center O points of the track are also the axle center of whole wind wheel.
From O points can to " driftage track ＂ can make without several radial lines, wherein with wind direction VfThat can be described as " orientation footpath " to direction identical,
Represent that it is pointed to an arrow in figure.
Obviously, the quantity of data point is improved, so that it may improve the precision of the track.Fig. 5 is by every 45 ° of raisings by data point
To obtained from being taken a little every 5 ° " driftage track ".
More than map during, we be according to blade 400 wind wheel circumference each point be in optimal tip-speed ratio, most preferably meet
During angle, its string of a musical instrument QnAn position is obtained " driftage track ".If conversely, line segment AnBn, TnCn, TnBn length etc. other
Condition is constant, when wind wheel is rotated with optimal tip-speed ratio, as long as Tn points follow track operation, so that it may ensure corresponding blade
400 are also at optimum angle of attack position.Therefore, Tn points can be referred to as to " tracking point ", one end where Tn points is referred to as line segment TnCn
" tracking end ".
" driftage track " in Fig. 4 is designed as the closing groove profile guide rail in a driftage guide rail wheel 501, " driftage track " herein
The as center line of the guide rail.Every blade 400 is all to that should have a driftage wheel 502 in groove profile guide rail, and driftage wheel 502 can be
Freely rolled in groove profile guide rail, but by the strict limitation of groove profile guide rail, its axle center can only follow " driftage track " operation.Driftage
Guide rail wheel 501 is sleeved on the main bearing seat 109 of wind turbine main shaft 108 with horizontality, concentric with main shaft 108, and can be in wind
Rotated in the presence of to adjustment mechanism around the axle center O of main shaft 108.Line segment TnCn in Fig. 4 is designed as the driftage guide arm 503 in Fig. 1,
One end where " tracking point " Tn is " tracking end " thereon, and Tn is exactly the shaft core position of driftage wheel 502 in Fig. 1, and Cn points are
The hinge axis of the driftage other end of guide arm 503 in Fig. 1, positioned at the corresponding site of correspondence middle column body crossbeam 102.Line segment in Fig. 4
BnAn is designed as the driftage arm 504 in Fig. 1, the hinge axis that Bn points are connected for driftage arm 504 with driftage guide arm 503, and An points are
Driftage arm 504 and blade 400 are connected the axle center of hinge.Qn points are that paddle arm 104 and blade 400 are connected the projection position of hinge axis
Put.The strings of a musical instrument of the QnAn parallel to blade 400.So, component is dominated in the driftage being made up of driftage guide rail with driftage wheel 502 can band
Move the linkage of driftage guide arm 503 and the driftage composition of arm 504 and drive blade 400 to link.
When wind wheel rotates around axle center O, driftage wheel 502 is rolled in groove profile guide rail, and its axle center is that " tracking point " Tn will be tight
Follow guide rail center line i.e. " driftage track " to run lattice, drive driftage guide arm 503 to be deflected around Cn points, the conduction through arm 504 of going off course,
Blade 400 is affected to be deflected around Qn points, so that blade 400 remains the required angle of attack.
During wind vector, as long as driftage guide rail wheel 501 is rotated into a corresponding angle around wind wheel axle center O points, make its " orientation
The arrow sensing in footpath " is consistent with wind direction, and the angle of attack of blade 400 can complete corresponding adjustment.
The driftage guide rail and driftage wheel 502 for dominating component as driftage may be designed as other forms, but its final effect
It is identical, all it is that, when wind wheel is operated, " the tracking point " that can guarantee that positioned at driftage guide arm 503 " tracking end " follows " driftage rail all the time
Mark " is run.
Draw several selections about putting when " driftage track "：
TOThe selection of point：It was found from the drawing process of " driftage track ", TOThe selection of point influences on the size of " driftage track "
It is larger.Work as TOWhen putting from the axle center O points of main shaft 108 farther out, the size of " driftage track " is larger, advantageously reduces yaw error, but
It is unfavorable for processing；Work as TOWhen point is nearer from O points, the size of " driftage track " is smaller, but as can be seen from Figure 5, guide rail wheel 501 of going off course
It is to be enclosed on outside the bearing block of wind turbine main shaft 108, and guide groove also has certain width, the two can not be overlapping, so TOPoint
It can not obtain too near from O points.From fig. 4, it can be seen that T6Point, T closest with O points2Point is farthest from O points, therefore chooses T0During point, it should
Make T2、T6Meet and require with the distance between O points.
Because of Q0Point is the projection of the supporting-point of blade 400, therefore the gravity axis that blade 400 is formed after being connected with driftage arm 504
Line should be close proximity to the point, and the main spar of blade 400, which should also try one's best, to be arranged on the mass axis.
The selection of A0 points：Referring to Fig. 4, because of A0B0 ∥ OD0, therefore the distance between A0, Q0 also determine M and N ratio.M/
The size of N values, all has an impact to the size and shape of " driftage track ".Distance is a little big between A0 and Q0, i.e., N values are a little big, M values
It is a little bit smaller, be conducive to the utilization of the radial component to the lift of blade 400, and the reaction of 502 pairs of driftage guide rail wheels 501 of driftage wheel
Power is smaller, and driftage effect preferably, but influences larger to the shape and size of " driftage track ", or even track is not utilized.Therefore
The selection of T0 points according to actual conditions, need to be coordinated, A0 points are selected as one sees fit.
There is above-mentioned vertical axis windmill yaw system on a kind of wind energy ship, including hull, hull.
After above-mentioned scheme,
1. wind energy utilization efficiency is higher.
Compared with normal vertical axle wind energy conversion system, when wind wheel reaches design tip-speed ratio, the system can revolve every blade 400
All in optimum angle of attack when going to any position, lift-drag ratio is maximum, power coefficient highest.
Referring to Figure 12, Q is rotated to blade 4000In case of during position, according to foline analytic approach, blade 400 is produced
Lift FlWith flowing V0Vertically, lift centrostigma is Center of Pressure D0。FlIt can be analyzed to consistent with wind wheel direction of rotation tangential
Power FL is cutWith the radial load F in orthogonal to that sensing axle centerL footpaths, tangential force promotes wind wheel rotation, this and common lift vertical shaft wind
Power machine is identical.But the radial component of the common lift of lift vertical shaft wind machine oar leaf 400 is cancelled out each other at rotating shaft, not
To utilization.And in the present invention, FL footpathsWith Q0For fulcrum, with D0A0For lever, in A0Place produces a power F in opposite directionL footpaths ＇, and
The B of driftage guide arm 503 is delivered to by arm 504 of going off course0Point.
FL footpaths '=FL footpaths·D0Q0/A0Q0
T0 points turn into the fulcrum of lever due to the constraint of 501 pairs of driftage wheels 502 of driftage guide rail wheel, FL footpaths ＇Act on driftage
The B of guide arm 5030Point, in C0Point forms the same power F in a directionL footpaths 〞.According to lever principle
FL footpaths "=FL footpaths 'N/(M+N)
Due to OD0⊥OC0, driftage arm 504A0B0∥OD0, therefore the power and C0The traffic direction of point is identical, also functions to driving wind
The effect of rotation is taken turns, its torque is OC0·FL footpaths 〞.It can be seen that, in the present invention, the radial component of the lift of blade 400 is (equivalent to water
The axial component of the flat lift of axle wind machine oar leaf 400) also utilized, this is that current other kinds lift-type wind energy conversion system is all done
Less than.By figure it is also seen that C0、B0、A0Etc. the selection of several hinge axis positions, make FL footpaths "As much as possible with wind wheel rotation side
To being consistent, in favor of making full use of the radial component of the lift of blade 400.
2. the system is simple and reliable for structure, it is quick on the draw, inertia is small, need to only rotate driftage guide rail wheel 501 can effectively chase after
The change of track wind direction, driftage efficiency is greatly improved, and system cost is greatly reduced.
3. starting performance is good.When " the orientation footpath " of guide rail wheel 501 of going off course is adjusted to consistent with wind direction, fixed with established angle
Normal vertical axle wind energy conversion system compare, due to the present invention Wind wheel paddle 400 residing for angle and the installation position relative to paddle arm 104
Put, larger total torque can be provided for wind wheel, with the increase of rotating speed, the lift speedup that blade 400 is produced is also very fast, therefore has
Preferable starting performance.Increase blade 400 is counted, and is more beneficial for starting.It is demonstrated experimentally that the present invention starting performance can reach with
Horizontal-shaft wind turbine identical level.
4. when wind wheel rotates, blade 400 will produce wake flow, the blade 400 in its rear is had influence on.In windward
Disturbance of the blade 400 to air-flow, can also produce influence to blade 400 at a disadvantage.To overcome or alleviated by this unfavorable shadow
Ring, different fine settings need to be made in different positions to the angle of attack of operating blade 400.For purposes of the invention, this complexity
Fine setting appropriate amendment can be made to the corresponding site of " driftage track " in the design phase by wind tunnel test and correlation computations
It can be achieved, it is simple and effective.
5. system configuration is flexibly, strong adaptability.For example：The length of blade 400 only need to be changed, you can turn not changing wind wheel
Change the swept area of wind wheel in the case of speed, to adapt to different wind fields, the blade 400 new without redesign manufacture.Adopt
With the passive type yaw system of pure mechanic structure, making the large-scale and giant computer of the present invention can also apply in areas without electricity, with only
Special advantage.
The present invention is exemplarily described above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, it is clear that the present invention is implemented not by aforesaid way
Limitation, as long as the improvement of the various unsubstantialities of inventive concept and technical scheme of the present invention progress is employed, or without changing
Enter and the design of the present invention and technical scheme are directly applied into other occasions, within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. provided with free to rotate in a kind of vertical axis windmill yaw system, including tower body (300), the tower body (300)
Main shaft (108), it is characterised in that the main shaft (108) is externally provided with the middle column body of tubular, the middle column body by column (101) and
Crossbeam (102) is combined into positive multiaspect frame body structure, and middle column body is fixedly connected with main shaft (108)；
Two groups of crossbeams (102) or multigroup crossbeam (102) is provided with the paddle arm (104) that stretches out up and down up and down, blade (400) with
Paddle arm (104) is hinged；
Yaw device is additionally provided with the middle column body, the yaw device includes driftage guide rail wheel (501), driftage guide arm (503)
With driftage arm (504), the driftage wheel (502) is rotatably mounted around on the main bearing seat (109), guide rail wheel of going off course
(501) guide rail is provided with, described driftage guide arm (503) one end is provided with the driftage wheel (502) that can be rolled in guide rail, guide arm of going off course
(503) other end is hinged with crossbeam (102)；Described driftage arm (504) one end is hinged with paddle arm (104), and the other end is led with driftage
Arm (503) is hinged.
2. vertical axis windmill yaw system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the main shaft (108) is rotationally
On main bearing seat (109), the main bearing seat (109) is fixedly connected with tower body (300)；The driftage guide rail wheel
(501) tuning pinion (509) is fixed with, the tower body (300) is provided with power transmission shaft (515), and power transmission shaft is set on (515)
There is the tuning master gear (508) being meshed with tuning pinion (509), be additionally provided with the driving machine for driving the power transmission shaft (515)
Structure.
3. vertical axis windmill yaw system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the drive mechanism is orientation adjusting motor
(510), the orientation adjusting motor (510) is connected by tuning worm and gear (507) with power transmission shaft (515).
4. vertical axis windmill yaw system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that it is big that the drive mechanism includes tuning
Gear (511) and tuning little gear (512), the tuning gear wheel (511) are installed in rotation on tower body (300), tuning
Wind vane (514) is fixed with gear wheel (511)；The tuning little gear (512) is meshed with tuning gear wheel (511), adjusts
It is connected to little gear (512) by tuning worm and gear (507) with power transmission shaft (515).
5. vertical axis windmill yaw system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the drive mechanism includes rotatable
Ground is arranged on the tubular axle (516) on tower body (300), the tubular axle (516) and is fixed with wind vane (514), tubular axle
(516) tuning gear wheel (511) is fixed with, the power transmission shaft (515) is provided with tuning little gear (512), the tuning
Gear wheel (511) is meshed with tuning little gear (512).
6. a kind of preparation method of vertical axis windmill yaw system as described in claim 1-5 is any, it is characterised in that system
The core for making method is to determine the guiderail track of driftage guide rail wheel (501), comprises the following steps：
1) the optimum angle of attack α of blade (400) is determined according to actual use situationKM；
2) Yawing mechanism model is set up, middle column body rotary course is simulated；
3) when blade (400) rotates to a position, blade (400) angle is adjusted, it is met optimum angle of attack αKMRequirement, root
According to the relative position of driftage arm (504), driftage guide arm (503) and crossbeam (102), show that driftage guide arm (503) end is gone off course
Position of the guide rail of guide rail wheel (501) in the position；
4) complete trajectory of the guide rail of driftage guide rail wheel (501) is determined according to the 3rd step；
5) the complete trajectory processing driftage guide rail wheel (501) of the guide rail of the driftage guide rail wheel (501) drawn according to the 4th step.
7. a kind of wind energy ship, it is characterised in that including hull, has hanging down as described in claim 1-5 is any on the hull
D-axis wind energy conversion system yaw system.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410523201.XA CN104343633B (en) | 2014-10-08 | 2014-10-08 | A kind of vertical axis windmill yaw system and preparation method thereof and the wind energy ship with it |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410523201.XA CN104343633B (en) | 2014-10-08 | 2014-10-08 | A kind of vertical axis windmill yaw system and preparation method thereof and the wind energy ship with it |
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| CN104343633B true CN104343633B (en) | 2017-08-25 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2372783A (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-09-04 | Eclectic Energy Ltd | Turbine means to generate energy from wind and water on a sailing vessel |
| WO2007027113A1 (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-03-08 | Ballena Abraham E | Vertical axis wind turbine |
| CN201212454Y (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2009-03-25 | 王仁杰 | Bidirectional wind capturing vertical shaft wind turbine |
| CN201884202U (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2011-06-29 | 岑益南 | Wind surf type vertical shaft wind driven generator |
-
2014
- 2014-10-08 CN CN201410523201.XA patent/CN104343633B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2372783A (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-09-04 | Eclectic Energy Ltd | Turbine means to generate energy from wind and water on a sailing vessel |
| WO2007027113A1 (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-03-08 | Ballena Abraham E | Vertical axis wind turbine |
| CN201212454Y (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2009-03-25 | 王仁杰 | Bidirectional wind capturing vertical shaft wind turbine |
| CN201884202U (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2011-06-29 | 岑益南 | Wind surf type vertical shaft wind driven generator |
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| CN104343633A (en) | 2015-02-11 |
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