CN104330588B - A kind of method measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity, it first passes through the voltage signal produced when hardware capture card gathers vacuum cold spray particle flight, then by the way of internal memory maps, the particle voltage signal collected is stored in computer, the speed of last computer analytical calculation vacuum cold spray particle: first particle voltage signal is filtered, then effective particle waveform is intercepted by rectangular function, by least square fitting particle waveform, the flight speed of vacuum cold spray particle is finally obtained by the waveshape after analyzing matching.The method measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity of the present invention integrates parameter acquisition and data analysis, Real-time Collection, shows and analyzes particle Wave data in real time, improves the work efficiency of research worker and makes Fe coatings collection have seriality；It addition, the clutter in particle signal can be filtered when analyzing particle signal data in real time, improve the accuracy to particle rapidity detection.

Description

A kind of method measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity

Technical field

The invention belongs to vacuum cold spray technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity.

Background technology

Vacuum cold spray (Vacuum Cold Spray) technology is a kind of novel nano ceramic particle coat preparing technology, Cardinal principle is under room temperature and vacuum condition, by high pressure mixed gas (mainly N₂, He and air) and accelerate ultra-fine solid-state Ceramic powder particle so that it is with certain speed impacts matrix, thus realize basal body coating layer and prepare.The eighties in last century is born Microparticle aerosol deposition method is the predecessor of vacuum cold spray technology.This technology is referred to as aerosol deposition method (Aerosol in Japan Deposition Method), it is referred to as nanoparticle deposition system (Nano-Particle Deposition in Korea S System).Vacuum cold spray technology is studied and promotes by professor Akedo of the advanced industrial science of Japan and Institute for Research and Technology It develops further, more payes attention to the research to vacuum cold spray technology from this scholars.

In prior art, the general speed using following measurement vacuum cold spray particle, first passes through optical fiber by cold for vacuum spray It is coated with Fe coatings acquisition system to be connected with optical-electrical converter port, then by cable by optical-electrical converter and oscillographic sampling Signal input port is connected, then uses RS232 cable to be connected with the hardware capture card in computer by oscillograph, opens spray System and Laser emission instrument, when particle is in square diaphragm both sides flight particle image point formed voltage the least, when particle flight extremely Time in diaphragm side size range, the voltage that particle image point is formed reaches maximum, thus particle magnitude of voltage is with the change in sampling time Triangular signal can be formed.Being gathered by oscillograph and store particle signal, then WaveStar software passes through serial communication side Particle data in oscillograph is saved in computer disk nbk file by formula, then is read in by Origin data processing software The nbk file data collected, analyzing and processing data in Origin data processing software, obtain the flight speed of particle.Though Right this method can measure flying speed of partcles value, but this speed-measuring method is that the particle signal collected first is stored meter Calculation machine imports to analyzing and processing data again in Origin data processing software, it is impossible to Real-time Collection storage particle voltage parameter, Also cannot show particle waveform in real time, and particle signal can not be carried out denoising, cause tachometric survey degree of accuracy the highest, Speed-measuring method efficiency is low.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity, solve in prior art and deposit Vacuum cold spray particle velocity measure precision is low and inefficient technical problem.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of method measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity, the vacuum of employing The structure of cold spraying particle velocity measure device is: include that aperture diaphragm, cemented doublet group are placed on the inside of aperture diaphragm, Modulated window diaphragm on the right side of aperture diaphragm and is connected with optical fiber, and modulated window diaphragm forms a modulation after cemented doublet group Window diaphragm ideal image plane, modulated window diaphragm ideal image plane is on the focal plane of cemented doublet group, and Laser emission instrument is being adjusted The surface of window diaphragm ideal image plane processed, spraying equipment and matrix are respectively in the left and right two of modulated window diaphragm ideal image plane Side, is connected with optical-electrical converter, hardware capture card, computer in turn after optical fiber；

Its step measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity is as follows:

Step 1: initiating hardware capture card also arranges sampling parameter, cold including the vacuum arranging the preservation of computer monofile The screen number of spraying particle voltage signal；

Step 2: computer calls the voltage signal produced when hardware capture card interface gathers vacuum cold spray particle flight, Described voltage signal is triangular-waveform voltage signal；

Step 3: tentatively judge whether the vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data of hardware capture card collection meets the requirements: When the voltage max of single screen vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data deducts average voltage more than effective peak 0.03V Time, illustrate that single screen particle data is effective, directly preservation data are in Memory Mapping File, otherwise, do not preserve particle data to interior Deposit in mapped file, directly invoke hardware capture card and gather next screen particle data；

Repeat step 2 and step 3, until the screen number of satisfactory vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data is equal to step The screen number of the vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal that the computer monofile arranged in rapid 1 preserves, then by Memory Mapping File In vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data write computer documents in, in real time display vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal Waveform；

Step 4: analyze and process each screen vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data, specifically comprise the following steps that

4.1 noise signals filtering vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal；

4.2 analyze whether vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data meets requirement of testing the speed, and not meeting being somebody's turn to do of requirement of testing the speed Screen vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data does not carry out follow-up analyzing and processing；

4.3 matchings meet the vacuum cold spray particle waveform voltage signal required that tests the speed, and specifically comprise the following steps that

The rising edge of the triangular-waveform voltage signal that the mode 4.3.1 using searching loop obtains vacuum cold spray particle rises Point and trailing edge terminal；

4.3.2 according to the triangular waveform rising edge starting point obtained and trailing edge terminal, cold to vacuum by rectangular window function Spraying particle voltage signal carries out truncation, obtains effective triangular waveform of vacuum cold spray particle；

4.3.3 by effective triangular waveform of least-squares algorithm linear fitting vacuum cold spray particle, the cold spray of vacuum is obtained It is coated with the voltage signal data fit equation of particle；

Step 5: calculate the speed of the cold particle of airless spraying

5.1 speed first obtaining vacuum cold spray particle corresponding to each screen airless spraying cold particle voltage signal data, Specifically comprise the following steps that and first obtain in step 4 index value that the triangular waveform rising edge mid-point voltage value after matching is corresponding The index value middlepos2 that middlepos1 is corresponding with trailing edge mid-point voltage value, then calculates each screen voltage signal data pair The speed of the vacuum cold spray particle answered, computing formula is as follows:

V=s/t

Wherein, t=(middlepos2-middlepos1)/f, f is the sample frequency of hardware capture card, and s is modulated window light The length of side of door screen, for 0.75mm；

5.2 speed calculating vacuum cold spray particle corresponding to each screen airless spraying cold particle voltage signal data average Value, obtains the speed of the cold particle of airless spraying, and computing formula is as follows:

$v_{\mathrm{ave}}=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{v}_i}{n}$

Wherein: v_iThe particle rapidity value of the i-th screen, n be meet test the speed require vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal total Screen number.

The feature of the present invention also resides in,

The sampling parameter arranged in step 1 be coupled modes be DC direct-current coupling mode, sample rate is 25MHZ, and sampling is long Degree is 4096, pre-trigger a length of 256, and the pattern of triggering is automatically to trigger, and trigger source is CHA passage, and triggering edge is rising edge Triggering, triggering level is 127, and the particle voltage screen number that computer monofile preserves is 49 screens, and hardware capture card is often sampled a screen Data are 4096 particle electrical voltage points of sampling.

The step of the voltage signal produced when gathering vacuum cold spray particle flight in step 2 is as follows: be first turned on vacuum Laser emission instrument in cold spraying particle velocity measure device, Laser emission instrument is launched beam of laser and is covered in modulated window diaphragm institute In the preferable image plane become, then vacuum cold spray equipment sprays cold particle, and cold particle flies over from diaphragm ideal image plane, flight Cold particle reflect a part of laser to battery of lens particle formed behind picture point, particle picture point is saturating through aperture diaphragm, double gluing Being input in optical-electrical converter by optical fiber after mirror group, modulated window diaphragm, optical signal is changed into the signal of telecommunication by optical-electrical converter, To the triangular-waveform voltage signal produced during vacuum cold spray particle flight, computer calls hardware capture card interface and gathers vacuum The triangular-waveform voltage signal produced during cold spraying particle flight.

The method of the noise signal filtering vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal in step 4.1 is as follows: to vacuum cold spray Particle noise signal carries out 256 adjoint point average treatment, determines the drift horizontal size of back end noise, as removing depending on of drift According to, then the voltage signal of each screen vacuum cold spray particle collected is carried out fast Fourier transform (FFT) low pass filtered Ripple (frequency is 0-1.22MHZ) adds 16 adjoint point average filters, filters the noise signal in vacuum cold spray particle signal, then to filter Vacuum cold spray particle signal after ripple carries out drift compensation deals and obtains new vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data, note Make: X (i), i are index, and 1≤i≤4096, X (i) is the magnitude of voltage at i index value, the magnitude of voltage that i.e. i-th electrical voltage point is corresponding.

Analyzing vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data in step 4.2, whether to meet the method required that tests the speed as follows: logical Cross the mode of searching loop obtain the maximum max in the magnitude of voltage of the often screen vacuum cold spray particle signal after drift compensates and The index value maxpos that voltage max is corresponding, and obtain the average voltage ave often shielding particle signal, when the grain traversed When sub-magnitude of voltage is less than 0.9max value, terminating traversal, magnitude of voltage herein is denoted as firstmax, and the index value of its correspondence is designated as Pos1, then travel through to the right at particle maximum, when the particle magnitude of voltage traversed is less than 0.9max value, terminate traversal, this The magnitude of voltage at place is designated as lastmax, and the index value of its correspondence is designated as pos2；If voltage max max deducts average voltage Ave is more than effective peak 0.03V, and the difference of pos2 Yu pos1 is more than 5, then this screen vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal Data fit tests the speed requirement, retains, if the difference of pos2 Yu pos1 is less than or equal to 5, then this screen vacuum cold spray particle is electric Pressure signal spike continues too short, is unsatisfactory for requirement of testing the speed, and this screen vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data does not carry out follow-up Analyzing and processing.

The mode using searching loop in step 4.3.1 obtains the upper of the triangular-waveform voltage signal of vacuum cold spray particle Rise as follows along the method for starting point and trailing edge terminal: according to the drift level of the noise that step 4.1 determines, former noise is carried out zero Drift compensates, and draws up-to-date noise figure, then noise signal carries out voltage magnitude statistics, and according to vacuum cold spray particle noise The Gaussian distribution feature of signal and 3 σ principles of Gauss distribution, draw vacuum cold spray particle effective impulse signal criterion be 3 σ= 21.3mV, then travels through the most forward particle magnitude of voltage by voltage max position, when certain some particle magnitude of voltage is little When 21.3mV, terminating traversal, the starting point that this point is triangular waveform rising edge, the magnitude of voltage of this point is designated as beginval, and it is right The index value answered is designated as beginpos, then starts to travel through particle magnitude of voltage the most backward, when certain from voltage max position When point particle magnitude of voltage is less than 21.3mV, terminating traversal, the terminal that this point is triangular waveform trailing edge, the magnitude of voltage of this point is designated as Endval, the index value of its correspondence is designated as endpos.

Rectangular window function formula is as follows:

Wherein, [n₁,n₂] it is the interval variable of window function；

Effective particle voltage data X after rectangular window function intercepting_nN () formula is:

Wherein, n1 is starting point beginpos intercepting region, and n2 is the terminating point endpos intercepting region；Pass through rectangle Particle triangular waveform rising edge voltage data after window function intercepts saves as Y1 (i1), and triangular waveform trailing edge voltage data is protected Save as Y2 (i2).

By effective triangular waveform of least-squares algorithm linear fitting vacuum cold spray particle in step 4.3.3, draw true The signal fitting equation of air cooling spraying particle, specifically comprises the following steps that

If triangular waveform rising edge fitting function formula:

Y1=a1+b1*X1

Trailing edge fitting function formula:

Y2=a2+b2*X2

So rising edge fitting function coefficient formula is:

$a1=\stackrel{\‾}{Y1}-b1\stackrel{\‾}{X1}$

$b1=\frac{\stackrel{\‾}{X1Y1}-\stackrel{\‾}{X1}\stackrel{\‾}{Y1}}{\stackrel{\‾}{{X1}^2}-{\stackrel{\‾}{Y1}}^2}$

Wherein:

$\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{\‾}{X1}=\frac{1}{n}\underset{i1=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}X1\left(i1\right);& \stackrel{\‾}{Y1}=\frac{1}{n}\underset{i1=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}Y1\left(i1\right);\\ \stackrel{\‾}{{X1}^2}=\frac{1}{n}\underset{i1=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}X1{\left(i1\right)}^2;& \stackrel{\‾}{X1Y1}=\frac{1}{n}\underset{i1=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}X1\left(i1\right)Y1\left(i1\right)\end{array}$

X1 (i1)=i1, i1=1,2 ... n, n=max pos-beginpos+1, Y1 (i1) are the triangular waveform after intercepting The voltage data of rising edge；

Triangular waveform trailing edge fitting function coefficient formula is:

$a2=\stackrel{\‾}{Y2}-b2\stackrel{\‾}{X2}$

$b2=\frac{\stackrel{\‾}{X2Y2}-\stackrel{\‾}{X2}\stackrel{\‾}{Y2}}{\stackrel{\‾}{{X2}^2}-{\stackrel{\‾}{Y2}}^2}$

Wherein:

$\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{\‾}{X2}=\frac{1}{n1}\underset{i2=1}{\overset{n1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}X2\left(i2\right);& \stackrel{\‾}{Y2}=\frac{1}{n1}\underset{i2=1}{\overset{n1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}Y2\left(i2\right);\\ \stackrel{\‾}{{X2}^2}=\frac{1}{n1}\underset{i2=1}{\overset{n1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}X2{\left(i2\right)}^2;& \stackrel{\‾}{X2Y2}=\frac{1}{n1}\underset{i2=1}{\overset{n1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}X2\left(i2\right)Y2\left(i2\right)\end{array}$

X2 (i2)=i2, i2=1,2 ... n1, n1=endpos-max pos+1, Y2 (i2) are the triangular waveform after intercepting The voltage data of trailing edge；Rising edge voltage data after matching is saved in new one-dimension array Z1 (i3), the decline after matching It is saved in new one-dimension array Z1 (i4) along voltage data.

Step 5 is asked the index value middlepos1 that triangular waveform rising edge mid-point voltage value is corresponding, and under triangular waveform Drop along when specifically comprising the following steps that the midpoint seeking triangular waveform rising edge of index value middlepos2 corresponding to mid-point voltage value, Particle rising edge voltage array Z1 (i3) is traveled through the most forward at rising edge maximum index value, corresponding when traversing index value During the magnitude of voltage magnitude of voltage corresponding less than the maximum index value of 0.5 times, terminate traversal, using traversal point now as triangular waveform Rising edge midpoint, index value the most now is just index value middlepos1 corresponding to rising edge midpoint plus beginpos；Ask During the midpoint of triangular waveform trailing edge, traversal particle trailing edge voltage array Z2 the most backward at trailing edge minimum index value (i4), when traversing magnitude of voltage corresponding to the index value magnitude of voltage corresponding less than the minimum index of 0.5 times, traversal is terminated, will Traversal point now is just trailing edge midpoint pair as triangular waveform trailing edge midpoint, index value the most now plus beginpos The index value middlepos2 answered.

The beneficial effects of the present invention is, can be with Real-time Collection and analysis particle signal parameter, research worker can be clear Analyze particle waveform, improve the work efficiency of research worker and make Fe coatings collection have seriality.It addition, combine in real time The clutter in particle signal can be filtered by corresponding filtering algorithm when analyzing particle signal data, improve particle rapidity The accuracy of detection.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the measurement apparatus structure chart of the vacuum cold spray particle rapidity of the present invention；

The triangular-waveform voltage signal produced when Fig. 2 is the vacuum cold spray particle flight of the present invention；

Fig. 3 is the flow chart measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity of the present invention；

The waveform voltage signal produced when Fig. 4 is the vacuum cold spray particle flight after the matching of the present invention.

Wherein, 1. Laser emission instrument, 2. matrix, 3. modulated window diaphragm ideal plane, 4. spraying equipment, 5. aperture diaphragm, 6. cemented doublet group, 7. modulated window diaphragm, 8. optical fiber, 9. optical-electrical converter, 10. hardware capture card, 11. computers, 12. Sub-picture point, 13. vacuum cold spray particles.

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention will be described in detail with detailed description of the invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As it is shown in figure 1, the structure of the measurement apparatus of the vacuum cold spray particle rapidity of the present invention include Laser emission instrument 1, Matrix 2, spraying equipment 4, aperture diaphragm 5, cemented doublet group 6, modulated window diaphragm 7, optical fiber 8, optical-electrical converter 9, hardware are adopted Truck 10, computer 11, wherein, cemented doublet group 6 is placed on the inside of aperture diaphragm 5, and modulated window diaphragm 7 is at aperture diaphragm The right side of 5 is also connected with optical fiber 8, and modulated window diaphragm 7 forms a modulated window diaphragm ideal image plane after cemented doublet group 6 3, modulated window diaphragm ideal image plane 3 is on the focal plane of cemented doublet group, and Laser emission instrument 1 is at modulated window diaphragm ideal picture The surface of plane 3, spraying equipment 4 and matrix 2 are respectively in the left and right sides of modulated window diaphragm ideal image plane 3, and optical fiber 8 is successively Connect and have optical-electrical converter 9, hardware capture card 10, computer 11.

The acquisition principle of the cold particle signal of airless spraying is as follows: spraying equipment 4 sprays particle during flying to matrix 2 Flying over from modulated window diaphragm ideal image plane 3, Laser emission instrument 1 is launched beam of laser and is covered preferable formed by modulated window diaphragm In image plane 3, the particle 13 of flight will reflect a part of laser to battery of lens particle formed behind picture point 12, particle picture point 12 Through aperture diaphragm 5, cemented doublet group 6, modulated window diaphragm 7, it is input in optical-electrical converter 9 by optical fiber 8, thus obtains The voltage signal produced during vacuum cold spray particle flight, the voltage signal then produced during vacuum cold spray particle flight passes through Hardware capture card gathers and passes through EMS memory mappings method real-time storage particle in computer, and display particle signal figure in real time is real Time analyze vacuum cold spray particle flight time produce voltage signal.

Wherein, optical-electrical converter uses AMP1900-VIS, and hardware capture card uses LDI300 dual channel high speed stored digital Card oscillograph, Laser emission instrument uses Laser emission instrument LWGL532084032.

See Fig. 3, the method measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity of the present invention, comprise the following steps:

Step 1: acquisition parameter is set

Initializing LDI300 hardware capture card and arrange its acquisition parameter, wherein coupled modes select DC direct-current coupling side Formula, sample rate selects 25MHZ, and sampling length selects 4096, and pre-trigger length selects 256, triggers model selection and automatically triggers, touches Rise selection CHA passage, triggers edge and selects rising edge to trigger, and triggering level selects 127, and LDI300 hardware capture card is often sampled One screen data really 4096 particle electrical voltage points of sampling, then arrange the vacuum cold spray particle electricity that computer monofile preserves Pressure signal data screen number, is typically set to 49 screens.

Step 2: computer acquisition vacuum cold spray particle signal

Being first turned on the Laser emission instrument LWGL532 084032 of the measurement apparatus of vacuum cold spray particle rapidity, it is launched Beam of laser covers in image plane preferable formed by modulated window diaphragm, and then vacuum cold spray equipment sprays cold particle, cold grain Son flies over from modulated window diaphragm ideal image plane, and the cold particle of flight reflects a part of laser to battery of lens particle image formed behind Point, particle picture point is input to optical-electrical converter by optical fiber after aperture diaphragm, cemented doublet group, modulated window diaphragm In AMP1900-VIS, optical signal is changed into the signal of telecommunication, obtain the triangular-waveform voltage produced during vacuum cold spray particle flight Signal, as shown in Figure 2；Computer calls three produced when LDI300 hardware capture card interface gathers vacuum cold spray particle flight Angle wave voltage signal.

Step 3: tentatively judge whether the voltage signal data of vacuum cold spray particle meets the requirements, specifically comprise the following steps that

3.1, when collecting a screen voltage data (4096 electrical voltage points), carry out 16 adjoint points to a screen voltage data average Process, then judge often to shield whether data meet the requirements, it is judged that method is as follows: the first voltage to single screen vacuum cold spray particle The voltage data summation of signal, then obtains single screen average voltage, when voltage max deducts average voltage more than effectively During peak value during 0.03V, illustrate that single screen vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data is effective, directly preserve data and map literary composition to internal memory In part, otherwise, it is not saved in Memory Mapping File, directly invokes LDI300 hardware capture card interface collection next screen vacuum cold The voltage signal data of spraying particle；

Repeat step 2 and step 3, until the screen number of the voltage signal of satisfactory vacuum cold spray particle is equal to step The screen number of the vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal that the computer monofile arranged in 1 preserves, stops gathering signal and by internal memory Vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data in mapped file separates, and concrete grammar is as follows: true by Memory Mapping File In the air cooling spraying particle voltage signal data write single file of computer 1, when the particle data in single file reaches 4096 When individual, stop current file 1 is write data, in continuation description air cooling spraying particle voltage signal data to file 2, until will In all data separating in Memory Mapping File to 49 file, the particle number in each file is 4096, is reflected by internal memory When just can show vacuum cold spray particle flight in real time after penetrating the separation of the vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data in file The waveform voltage signal produced.

Step 4: analyze and process each screen satisfactory vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data, specifically comprise the following steps that

4.1 noise signals filtering vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal

Noise signal is carried out 256 adjoint point average treatment, the most flat by the noise signal after 256 adjoint point average treatment Sliding, it is possible to accurately determine the drift horizontal size of back end noise, as the foundation of removal drift, then every to collect The voltage signal of one screen vacuum cold spray particle carries out fast Fourier transform (FFT) low-pass filtering (frequency is 0-1.22MHZ) Add 16 adjoint point average filters, filter the noise signal in vacuum cold spray particle signal, then to filtered vacuum cold spray grain Subsignal carries out drift compensation deals and obtains new vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data, is denoted as: X (i), i are index, and 1 ≤ i≤4096, X (i) is the magnitude of voltage (magnitude of voltage that i.e. i-th electrical voltage point is corresponding) at i index value；

4.2 analyze whether vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data meets requirement of testing the speed, and not meeting the true of requirement of testing the speed Air cooling spraying particle voltage signal data does not carry out follow-up analyzing and processing, and concrete grammar is as follows:

Obtain the maximum max and voltage max pair often shielded in vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data in magnitude of voltage The index value maxpos answered, and obtain the average voltage ave often shielding particle signal, then at particle maximum to the left time Going through, when the particle magnitude of voltage traversed is less than 0.9max value, terminate traversal, magnitude of voltage herein is denoted as firstmax, and it is right The index value answered is designated as pos1, then travels through to the right at particle maximum, when the particle magnitude of voltage traversed is less than 0.9max value Time, terminating traversal, magnitude of voltage herein is designated as lastmax, and the index value of its correspondence is designated as pos2；If voltage max max Deduct average voltage ave and be more than effective peak 0.03V, and the difference of pos2 Yu pos1 is more than 5, then this cold spray of screen vacuum It is coated with particle voltage signal data and meets requirement of testing the speed, retain, if the difference of pos2 Yu pos1 is less than or equal to 5, then this screen is true Air cooling spraying particle voltage signal spike continues too short, is unsatisfactory for requirement of testing the speed, this screen vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal number According to not carrying out follow-up analyzing and processing；

4.3 matchings meet the vacuum cold spray particle waveform voltage signal required that tests the speed；

4.3.1 triangular wave rising edge starting point and trailing edge terminal are obtained；

The noise null offset level determined according to step 4.1, carries out drift compensation to former noise, draws up-to-date noise Value, then carries out voltage magnitude statistics to noise signal, and according to the Gaussian distribution feature of vacuum cold spray particle noise signal and 3 σ principles of Gauss distribution, show that vacuum cold spray particle effective impulse signal criterion is 3 σ=21.3mV, then by voltage Big value position starts to travel through the most forward particle magnitude of voltage, when traversing certain some particle magnitude of voltage less than 21.3mV, and knot Bundle traversal, the starting point that this point is triangular waveform rising edge, the magnitude of voltage of this point is designated as beginval, and the index value of its correspondence is designated as Beginpos, then start to travel through particle magnitude of voltage the most backward from voltage max position, when traversing certain some particle electricity When pressure value is less than 21.3mV, terminate traversal, the terminal that this point is triangular waveform trailing edge, the magnitude of voltage of this point is designated as endval, The index value of its correspondence is designated as endpos.

4.3.2 according to the triangular waveform rising edge starting point obtained and trailing edge terminal, cold to vacuum by rectangular window function Spraying particle waveform voltage signal carries out truncation, obtains effective triangular waveform of vacuum cold spray particle；

Rectangular window function formula is as follows:

Wherein, [n₁,n₂] it is the interval variable of window function.

Effective particle voltage signal data X after rectangular window function intercepting_nN () formula is:

Wherein, n1 is starting point beginpos intercepting region, and n2 is the terminating point endpos intercepting region；Pass through rectangle Particle triangular waveform rising edge voltage data after window function intercepts saves as Y1 (i1), and formula is as follows:

Y1 (i1)=X (s1) beginpos≤s1≤max pos, s1 are integer

1≤i1≤max pos-beginpos+1, i1 are integer, and Y1 (i1) represents the i-th 1 voltages of triangular waveform rising edge The magnitude of voltage of point；

Triangular waveform trailing edge voltage data saves as Y2 (i2), and formula is as follows:

Y2 (i2)=X (s2) max pos≤s2≤endpos, s2 is integer

1≤i2≤endpos-max pos+1, i2 are integer, and Y2 (i2) represents the i-th 2 electrical voltage points of triangular waveform trailing edge Magnitude of voltage；

4.3.3 by the least-squares algorithm linear fitting effective triangular waveform of vacuum cold spray particle, vacuum cold spray is drawn The fit equation of particle waveform voltage signal, specifically comprises the following steps that

If triangular waveform rising edge fitting function formula:

Y1=a1+b1*X1

Trailing edge fitting function formula:

Y2=a2+b2*X2

So rising edge fitting function coefficient formula is:

$a1=\stackrel{\‾}{Y1}-b1\stackrel{\‾}{X1}$

$b1=\frac{\stackrel{\‾}{X1Y1}-\stackrel{\‾}{X1}\stackrel{\‾}{Y1}}{\stackrel{\‾}{{X1}^2}-{\stackrel{\‾}{Y1}}^2}$

Wherein:

$\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{\‾}{X1}=\frac{1}{n}\underset{i1=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}X1\left(i1\right);& \stackrel{\‾}{Y1}=\frac{1}{n}\underset{i1=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}Y1\left(i1\right);\\ \stackrel{\‾}{{X1}^2}=\frac{1}{n}\underset{i1=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}X1{\left(i1\right)}^2;& \stackrel{\‾}{X1Y1}=\frac{1}{n}\underset{i1=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}X1\left(i1\right)Y1\left(i1\right)\end{array}$

X1 (i1)=i1, i1=1,2 ... n and i1 is integer, n=max pos-beginpos+1, Y1 (i1) are for intercepting After the voltage data of triangular waveform rising edge；

Triangular waveform trailing edge fitting function coefficient formula is:

$a2=\stackrel{\‾}{Y2}-b2\stackrel{\‾}{X2}$

$b2=\frac{\stackrel{\‾}{X2Y2}-\stackrel{\‾}{X2}\stackrel{\‾}{Y2}}{\stackrel{\‾}{{X2}^2}-{\stackrel{\‾}{Y2}}^2}$

Wherein:

$\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{\‾}{X2}=\frac{1}{n1}\underset{i2=1}{\overset{n1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}X2\left(i2\right);& \stackrel{\‾}{Y2}=\frac{1}{n1}\underset{i2=1}{\overset{n1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}Y2\left(i2\right);\\ \stackrel{\‾}{{X2}^2}=\frac{1}{n1}\underset{i2=1}{\overset{n1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}X2{\left(i2\right)}^2;& \stackrel{\‾}{X2Y2}=\frac{1}{n1}\underset{i2=1}{\overset{n1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}X2\left(i2\right)Y2\left(i2\right)\end{array}$

X2 (i2)=i2, i2=1,2 ... n1 and i2 is integer, n1=endpos-max pos+1, Y2 (i2) are for intercepting After the voltage data of triangular waveform trailing edge；

Such that it is able to obtain the fit equation of the vacuum cold spray i.e. triangular waveform of particle waveform voltage signal, matching Vee formation Waveform rising edge and trailing edge are become straight line by curve at the beginning, see Fig. 4, can draw triangular wave rising edge from fit equation The vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data new with trailing edge, is saved in the triangular waveform rising edge voltage data after matching In new one-dimension array Z1 (i3), trailing edge voltage data is saved in new one-dimension array Z2 (i4), according to rising edge matching letter Number system number a1, b1 and trailing edge fitting function coefficient a2, b2, Z1 (i3) and Z2 (i4) ask method as follows:

Z1 (i3)=a1+b1*i3；

Wherein: 1≤i3≤m, i3 are integer, Z1 (i3) represents the magnitude of voltage of the i-th 3 electrical voltage points of triangular waveform rising edge, m =max pos-beginpos+1, i3 are the index value of triangular wave rising edge voltage data；

Z2 (i4)=a2+b2*i4；

Wherein: 1≤i4≤m1, i4 are integer, Z2 (i4) represents the magnitude of voltage of the i-th 4 electrical voltage points of triangular waveform trailing edge, M1=endpos-max pos+1, i4 are the index value of triangular waveform trailing edge voltage data；

Step 5: calculate the speed of the cold particle of airless spraying

5.1 speed first obtaining vacuum cold spray particle corresponding to each screen vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data, Specifically comprise the following steps that

5.1.1 one-dimension array Z1 (i3) obtained according to step 4 and Z2 (i4), obtain the triangular waveform rising edge after matching The index value middlepos2 corresponding with trailing edge mid-point voltage for index value middlepos1 that mid-point voltage is corresponding, concrete steps As follows: when asking the midpoint of triangular waveform rising edge, at m index, travel through the most forward particle rising edge voltage array Z1 (i3), When traversing magnitude of voltage corresponding to index less than 0.5Z1 (m), terminate traversal, add now traveling through a corresponding index value Beginpos is just the index value middlepos1 that rising edge midpoint is corresponding；When asking the midpoint of triangular waveform trailing edge, from 1 index Place's traversal particle trailing edge voltage array Z2 (i4) the most backward, when traversing magnitude of voltage corresponding to index less than 0.5Z2 (1) Time, terminate traversal, will now travel through a corresponding index value plus beginpos just for index value corresponding to trailing edge midpoint middlepos2；

5.1.2 according to the index value that triangular waveform rising edge midpoint is corresponding with trailing edge midpoint, each screen voltage signal is calculated The flight speed of the vacuum cold spray particle that data are corresponding, computing formula is as follows:

V=s/t

Wherein, t=(middlepos2-middlepos1)/f, f is the sample frequency of hardware capture card, and s is diaphragm limit Long, for 0.75mm.

5.2 speed calculating vacuum cold spray particle corresponding to each screen vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data average Value, obtains the speed of the cold particle of airless spraying, and computing formula is as follows:

$v_{\mathrm{ave}}=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{v}_i}{n}$

Wherein: v_iBeing the particle rapidity value of the i-th screen, n is to meet the vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal required that tests the speed Always shield number.

The method collection vacuum cold spray Fe coatings collection measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity of the present invention and data are divided Analysis is integrated, and Real-time Collection, shows and analyze particle Wave data in real time, and removes particle noise by correlation filtering and believe Number, calculated the speed parameter of vacuum cold spray particle by fitting algorithm, Computational Method of Velocity Measurement, can accurately analyze vacuum cold spray Flying speed of partcles size, gives research worker feedback true and accurate data, improves whole experimental work efficiency, promoted true Air cooling spraying particle research and development.

Claims (8)

1. the method measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity, it is characterised in that the vacuum cold spray particle rapidity of employing is surveyed The structure of amount device is: include that aperture diaphragm (5), cemented doublet group (6) are placed on the inside of aperture diaphragm (5), modulated window Diaphragm (7) is connected on the right side of aperture diaphragm (5) and with optical fiber (8), and modulated window diaphragm (7) is in cemented doublet group (6) shape afterwards Becoming modulated window diaphragm ideal image plane (3), modulated window diaphragm ideal image plane (3) is put down Jiao of cemented doublet group (6) On face, Laser emission instrument (1) is in the surface of modulated window diaphragm ideal image plane (3), and spraying equipment (4) is with matrix (2) respectively Optical-electrical converter (9), hardware collection it is connected with in turn behind the left and right sides of modulated window diaphragm ideal image plane (3), optical fiber (8) Card (10), computer (11)；

Its step measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity is as follows:

Step 1: initiating hardware capture card also arranges sampling parameter, including arranging the vacuum cold spray that computer monofile preserves The screen number of particle voltage signal；

In described step 1 arrange sampling parameter be coupled modes be DC direct-current coupling mode, sample rate is 25MHZ, sampling A length of 4096, pre-trigger a length of 256, the pattern of triggering is automatically to trigger, and trigger source is CHA passage, triggers edge for rising Along triggering, triggering level is 127, and the particle voltage screen number that computer monofile preserves is 49 screens, and hardware capture card often samples one Screen data are 4096 particle electrical voltage points of sampling；

Step 2: computer calls the voltage signal produced when hardware capture card interface gathers vacuum cold spray particle flight, described Voltage signal is triangular-waveform voltage signal；

Step 3: tentatively judge whether the vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data of hardware capture card collection meets the requirements: work as list When the voltage max of screen vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data deducts average voltage more than effective peak 0.03V, say Bright single screen particle data is effective, directly preserves data in Memory Mapping File, otherwise, do not preserve particle data to internal memory mapping In file, directly invoke hardware capture card and gather next screen particle data；

Repeat step 2 and step 3, until the screen number of satisfactory vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data is equal to step 1 The screen number of the vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal that the computer monofile of middle setting preserves, then by Memory Mapping File In vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data write computer documents, display vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal ripple in real time Shape；

Step 4: analyze and process each screen vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data, specifically comprise the following steps that

4.1 noise signals filtering vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal；

4.2 analyze whether vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data meets requirement of testing the speed, and do not meet this screen required that tests the speed true Air cooling spraying particle voltage signal data does not carry out follow-up analyzing and processing；

4.3 matchings meet the vacuum cold spray particle waveform voltage signal required that tests the speed, and specifically comprise the following steps that

4.3.1 the mode using searching loop obtains the rising edge starting point of the triangular-waveform voltage signal of vacuum cold spray particle With trailing edge terminal；

4.3.2 according to the triangular wave rising edge starting point obtained and trailing edge terminal, by rectangular window function to vacuum cold spray grain Sub-voltage signal carries out truncation, obtains effective triangular waveform of vacuum cold spray particle；

4.3.3 by effective triangular waveform of least-squares algorithm linear fitting vacuum cold spray particle, vacuum cold spray grain is obtained The voltage signal data fit equation of son；

Step 5: calculate the speed of the cold particle of airless spraying

5.1 speed first obtaining vacuum cold spray particle corresponding to each screen airless spraying cold particle voltage signal data, specifically Step is as follows: first obtain in step 4 index value that the triangular waveform rising edge mid-point voltage value after matching is corresponding The index value middlepos2 that middlepos1 is corresponding with trailing edge mid-point voltage value, then calculates each screen voltage signal data pair The speed of the vacuum cold spray particle answered, computing formula is as follows:

V=s/t

Wherein, t=(middlepos2-middlepos1)/f, f is the sample frequency of hardware capture card, and s is modulated window diaphragm The length of side, for 0.75mm；

The meansigma methods of 5.2 speed calculating vacuum cold spray particle corresponding to each screen airless spraying cold particle voltage signal data, Obtaining the speed of the cold particle of airless spraying, computing formula is as follows:

$v_{ave}=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{v}_i}{n}$

Wherein: v_iBeing the particle rapidity value of the i-th screen, n is to meet the vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal required that tests the speed always to shield number.

A kind of method measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step The step of the voltage signal produced when gathering vacuum cold spray particle flight in rapid 2 is as follows: be first turned on vacuum cold spray particle Laser emission instrument in velocity measuring device, Laser emission instrument is launched beam of laser and is covered at picture preferable formed by modulated window diaphragm In plane, then vacuum cold spray equipment sprays cold particle, and cold particle flies over from diaphragm ideal image plane, and the cold particle of flight is anti- Penetrating a part of laser to battery of lens particle formed behind picture point, particle picture point is through aperture diaphragm, cemented doublet group, modulated window Being input in optical-electrical converter by optical fiber after diaphragm, optical signal is changed into the signal of telecommunication by optical-electrical converter, obtains the cold spray of vacuum The triangular-waveform voltage signal produced when being coated with particle flight, computer calls hardware capture card interface and gathers vacuum cold spray particle The triangular-waveform voltage signal produced during flight.

A kind of method measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step The method of the noise signal filtering vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal in rapid 4.1 is as follows: believe vacuum cold spray particle noise Number carry out 256 adjoint point average treatment, determine the drift horizontal size of back end noise, as removing the foundation of drift, then to adopting Integrate to the voltage signal of each screen vacuum cold spray particle carry out fast Fourier transform (FFT) low-pass filtering (frequency be as 0- 1.22MHZ) add 16 adjoint point average filters, filter the noise signal in vacuum cold spray particle signal, then to filtered vacuum Cold spraying particle signal carries out drift compensation deals and obtains new vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data, is denoted as: X (i), i For index, 1≤i≤4096, X (i) is the magnitude of voltage at i index value, the magnitude of voltage that i.e. i-th electrical voltage point is corresponding.

A kind of method measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described step In rapid 4.2 analyze vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data whether meet test the speed require method as follows: pass through searching loop Mode obtain drift compensate after often screen vacuum cold spray particle signal magnitude of voltage in maximum max and voltage max Corresponding index value maxpos, and obtain the average voltage ave often shielding particle signal, when the particle magnitude of voltage traversed is little When 0.9max value, terminating traversal, magnitude of voltage herein is denoted as firstmax, and the index value of its correspondence is designated as pos1, then from grain Travel through to the right at sub-maximum, when the particle magnitude of voltage traversed is less than 0.9max value, terminate traversal, magnitude of voltage note herein For lastmax, the index value of its correspondence is designated as pos2；If voltage max max deducts average voltage ave more than effective peak Value 0.03V, and the difference of pos2 Yu pos1 is more than 5, then and this screen vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data meets and tests the speed Requirement, retains, if the difference of pos2 Yu pos1 is less than or equal to 5, then this screen vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal spike is held Continuous too short, it is unsatisfactory for requirement of testing the speed, this screen vacuum cold spray particle voltage signal data does not carry out follow-up analyzing and processing.

A kind of method measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described step Rapid 4.3.1 uses the mode of searching loop obtain vacuum cold spray particle triangular-waveform voltage signal rising edge starting point and The method of trailing edge terminal is as follows: according to the drift level of the noise that step 4.1 determines, former noise is carried out drift compensation, Go out up-to-date noise figure, then noise signal is carried out voltage magnitude statistics, and according to the height of vacuum cold spray particle noise signal This distribution character and 3 σ principles of Gauss distribution, show that vacuum cold spray particle effective impulse signal criterion is 3 σ=21.3mV, Then by voltage max position, particle magnitude of voltage is traveled through the most forward, when certain some particle magnitude of voltage is less than 21.3mV Time, terminating traversal, the starting point that this point is triangular waveform rising edge, the magnitude of voltage of this point is designated as beginval, the index of its correspondence Value is designated as beginpos, then starts to travel through particle magnitude of voltage the most backward from voltage max position, when certain some particle electricity When pressure value is less than 21.3mV, terminate traversal, the terminal that this point is triangular waveform trailing edge, the magnitude of voltage of this point is designated as endval, The index value of its correspondence is designated as endpos.

A kind of method measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described square The formula of shape window function is as follows:

Wherein, [n₁,n₂] it is the interval variable of window function；

Effective particle voltage data X after rectangular window function intercepting_nN () formula is:

Wherein, n1 is starting point beginpos intercepting region, and n2 is the terminating point endpos intercepting region；By rectangular window letter Particle triangular waveform rising edge voltage data after number intercepts saves as Y1 (i1), and triangular waveform trailing edge voltage data saves as Y2(i2)。

A kind of method measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described step By effective triangular waveform of least-squares algorithm linear fitting vacuum cold spray particle in rapid 4.3.3, draw vacuum cold spray grain The signal fitting equation of son, specifically comprises the following steps that

If triangle rising edge fitting function formula:

Y1=a1+b1*X1

Trailing edge fitting function formula:

Y2=a2+b2*X2

So rising edge fitting function coefficient formula is:

$a1=\stackrel{\‾}{Y1}-b1\stackrel{\‾}{X1}$

$b1=\frac{\stackrel{\‾}{X1Y1}-\stackrel{\‾}{X1}\stackrel{\‾}{Y1}}{\stackrel{\‾}{X{1}^2}-{\stackrel{\‾}{Y1}}^2}$

Wherein:

$\stackrel{\‾}{X1}=\frac{1}{n}\underset{i1=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}X1\left(i1\right);\stackrel{\‾}{Y1}=\frac{1}{n}\underset{i1=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}Y1\left(i1\right);$

$\stackrel{\‾}{X{1}^2}=\frac{1}{n}\underset{i1=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}X1{\left(i1\right)}^2;\stackrel{\‾}{X1Y1}=\frac{1}{n}\underset{i1=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}X1\left(i1\right)Y1\left(i1\right)$

X1 (i1)=i1, i1=1,2 ... n, n=maxpos-beginpos+1, Y1 (i1) are the triangular waveform rising edge after intercepting Voltage data；

Trailing edge fitting function coefficient formula is:

$a2=\stackrel{\‾}{Y2}-b2\stackrel{\‾}{X2}$

$b2=\frac{\stackrel{\‾}{X2Y2}-\stackrel{\‾}{X2}\stackrel{\‾}{Y2}}{\stackrel{\‾}{X{2}^2}-{\stackrel{\‾}{Y2}}^2}$

Wherein:

$\stackrel{\‾}{X2}=\frac{1}{n1}\underset{i2=1}{\overset{n1}{\Σ}}X2\left(i2\right);\stackrel{\‾}{Y2}=\frac{1}{n1}\underset{i2=1}{\overset{n1}{\Σ}}Y2\left(i2\right);$

$\stackrel{\‾}{X{2}^2}=\frac{1}{n1}\underset{i2=1}{\overset{n1}{\Σ}}X2{\left(i2\right)}^2;\stackrel{\‾}{X2Y2}=\frac{1}{n1}\underset{i2=1}{\overset{n1}{\Σ}}X2\left(i2\right)Y2\left(i2\right)$

X2 (i2)=i2, i2=1,2 ... n1, n1=endpos-maxpos+1, Y2 (i2) are the triangular waveform trailing edge after intercepting Voltage data；Rising edge voltage data after matching is saved in new one-dimension array Z1 (i3), the trailing edge voltage after matching Data are saved in new one-dimension array Z1 (i4).

A kind of method measuring vacuum cold spray particle rapidity the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described step The index value middlepos1 that triangular waveform rising edge mid-point voltage value is corresponding, and triangular waveform trailing edge midpoint electricity is asked in rapid 5 When specifically comprising the following steps that the midpoint seeking triangular waveform rising edge of the index value middlepos2 that pressure value is corresponding, from rising edge Particle rising edge voltage array Z1 (i3) is traveled through the most forward, when the magnitude of voltage traversing index value corresponding is less than at massive index value During magnitude of voltage corresponding to the maximum index value of 0.5 times, terminate traversal, using traversal point now as triangle rising edge midpoint, Index value the most now is just index value middlepos1 corresponding to rising edge midpoint plus beginpos；Triangular waveform is asked to decline During the midpoint on edge, traversal particle trailing edge voltage array Z2 (i4) the most backward at trailing edge minimum index value, when traversing During magnitude of voltage corresponding to magnitude of voltage corresponding to the index value minimum index less than 0.5 times, terminate traversal, traversal point now is made For triangle trailing edge midpoint, index value the most now is just index value corresponding to trailing edge midpoint plus beginpos middlepos2。