CN104329072A - Device and method for controlling back flow of fracturing fluid - Google Patents
Device and method for controlling back flow of fracturing fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN104329072A CN104329072A CN201410601106.7A CN201410601106A CN104329072A CN 104329072 A CN104329072 A CN 104329072A CN 201410601106 A CN201410601106 A CN 201410601106A CN 104329072 A CN104329072 A CN 104329072A
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
- E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
- E21B34/08—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells responsive to flow or pressure of the fluid obtained
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D7/00—Control of flow
- G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D7/0617—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials
- G05D7/0629—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means
- G05D7/0635—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means by action on throttling means
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Flow Control (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for controlling the back flow of fracturing fluid. The device comprises a measuring sensor, a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), a control throttle valve actuator and a throttle valve, wherein the measuring sensor is used for measuring pressure difference between the two sides of the throttle valve, liquid flow rate at the throttle valve and the opening of the throttle valve online in real time and transmitting obtained information to the PLC controller in a feedback signal mode; the PLC controller is used for utilizing the pressure difference, the liquid flow rate and the opening of the throttle valve to calculate flow at the throttle valve and sending out a control signal according to the obtained flow at the throttle valve; the control throttle valve actuator is used for controlling the opening of the throttle valve according to the control signal so as to realize the flow of backflow fluid in the backflow process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wellfracturing technical field, particularly a kind of fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) control device and method.
Background technology
Oil is imbedded in the dark oil reservoir of even a few km of underground hundreds of rice, is stored in the hole of rock, crack and hole, is a kind of liquid mineral reserve, can flows, and have higher pressure in the hole of subsurface rock, crack and hole.Oil flows in oil well by the effect of formation pressure, and we just can by oil well from underground mining oil like this.People sum up discovery in practice for a long time, can be improved the output of oil by pressure break.But have to pass through one after pressure break to return and be drained through journey, the fracturing fluid used in fracturing process is flowed out from oil well.
It is the key factor affecting effect of increasing production that of the fracturing fluid discharge speed and the row of returning lead.Practice finds, open flow process is too fast, returns draining flow too large, the proppant (sand) added in fracturing process will being made to flow out oil well with returning discharge opeing, affecting pressing crack construction effect.At present, in oilfield construction, mainly relying on Artificial Control well head flashboard or artificial oil nozzle of changing to carry out the of the fracturing fluid row of returning, there is following drawback in this method:
1, owing to being Artificial Control flashboard or oil nozzle, the row of returning continuously can not be realized, due to the generation of pressure excitement, make of the fracturing fluid return to be drained through in journey occur telling sand;
2, due to manual operation, the row of returning can only be crack close completely with time carry out, because the time is longer, causing crack to close with in process, there is serious sedimentation in proppant, greatly reduces reservoir back-up sand by efficiency;
3, due to manual operation, execute-in-place is difficult to find out rule, causes to return to be drained through soon or excessively slow, and returns the inappropriate of discharge capacity, thus causes and tell sand or the row of returning leads low.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem of prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) control device and method, and the technical program to be cooperatively interacted with PLC by sensor and communicate, controls to adjust the aperture of valve, reaches the object that Based Intelligent Control pressure break returns discharge capacity.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) control device, this device comprises:
Measuring transducer, PLC, control choke valve actuator and choke valve; Wherein,
Described measuring transducer, for the pressure differential of On-line sampling system choke valve both sides, the flow rate of liquid at choke valve place and the aperture of choke valve, transfers to described PLC by the information of acquisition with the form of feedback signal;
Described PLC, for utilizing the aperture of described pressure differential, described flow rate of liquid and described choke valve to calculate the flow obtaining choke valve place, the flow according to the choke valve place obtained sends control signal;
Described control choke valve actuator, for controlling the aperture of choke valve according to described control signal, realizes returning the flow being drained through in journey and returning discharge opeing.
Preferably, described PLC obtains the expression formula of the flow at choke valve place:
Wherein, Q represents flow, and A represents restriction cross section, i.e. the aperture of choke valve; Δ P represents the pressure differential of choke valve; ρ express liquid density; α represents discharge coefficient;
ζ represents flow resistance coefficient; L represents restriction length; V represents viscosity; V represents flow velocity; d
h 2represent hydraulic diameter,
u represents the girth of throttle pipe cross section.
Preferably, the flap shape of described choke valve is aciculiform, dihedral or taper.
For achieving the above object, present invention also offers a kind of fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) control method, the method comprises:
The pressure differential of On-line sampling system choke valve both sides, the flow rate of liquid at choke valve place and the aperture of choke valve;
Utilize the aperture of described pressure differential, described flow rate of liquid and described choke valve to calculate the flow obtaining choke valve place, the flow according to the choke valve place obtained sends control signal;
Control the aperture of choke valve according to described control signal, realize returning the flow being drained through in journey and returning discharge opeing.
Preferably, the calculation expression of the flow at described choke valve place:
Wherein, Q represents flow, and A represents restriction cross section, i.e. the aperture of choke valve; Δ P represents the pressure differential of choke valve; ρ express liquid density; α represents discharge coefficient;
ζ represents flow resistance coefficient; L represents restriction length; V represents viscosity; V represents flow velocity; d
h 2represent hydraulic diameter,
u represents the girth of throttle pipe cross section.
Technique scheme has following beneficial effect: the technical program derives the relation of valve port area and flow, and proposes fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) intelligent control method.Utilize the method and device can return draining flow by Intelligent adjustment, avoid because discharge speed is too fast, proppant band producing well is affected pressing crack construction effect.This invention still belongs to blank at Oil/gas Well production field, can effectively improve oil well life-span and production capacity, have very considerable economic benefit and social benefit after application.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) control device block diagram that the present invention proposes;
Fig. 2 is a kind of fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) control method flow chart that the present invention proposes;
Fig. 3 is the fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) control system block diagram of the present embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the control cabinet internal circuit wiring diagram of the fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) control system of the present embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the control program functional diagram of the present embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the control program flow chart of the present embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The operating principle of the technical program: in the ordinary course of things, the factor affecting fluid flowing in pipeline is a lot, the change that such as pipeline section amasss, fluid and the friction of duct wall, the viscosity of fluid etc., and often several factor exists simultaneously.In the present invention, by regulating the aperture of ducted choke valve, namely regulate the sectional area of pipeline to change the flow regime of fluid in pipeline.
Can be calculated as follows by the flow of restriction:
Wherein, Q represents flow, and A represents restriction cross section, i.e. the aperture of choke valve; Δ P represents the pressure differential of choke valve; ρ express liquid density; α represents discharge coefficient;
ζ represents flow resistance coefficient; L represents restriction length; V represents viscosity; V represents flow velocity; d
h 2represent hydraulic diameter,
u represents the girth of throttle pipe cross section.
According to restriction shape, discharge coefficient desirable 0.6 ~ 0.9.
Can find from restriction flow formula above, in certain pressure difference situation, restriction sectional area is larger, and corresponding flow is also larger.Change choke valve valve port area, namely can fluid flow in control flow, and difference in flow and valve port area difference proportional.
At choke valve design aspect, because throttle valve control flow will be used.And likely can also have sand in fluid media (medium), under the drive of high-velocity fluid, a small amount of sand along with fluid migration, can to choke valve valve body produce erosion, therefore, the design of choke valve valve body and the selection of valve nozzle most important to prolonged application of the present invention.
Choke valve is the one belonging to stop valve, because flap shape is aciculiform, dihedral or taper, can adjust flux or carry out throttling preferably, and regulate pressure.So select choke valve can reach the object regulating and return draining flow well.According to operating pressure requirement, select high pressure valve, operating pressure reaches 32Mpa, and the present invention devises choke valve valve body, and design parameter is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Based on above-mentioned principle, the present invention proposes a kind of fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) control device, as shown in Figure 1.This device comprises:
Measuring transducer 101, PLC 102, control choke valve actuator 103 and choke valve 104; Wherein,
Described measuring transducer 101, for the pressure differential of On-line sampling system choke valve both sides, the flow rate of liquid at choke valve place and the aperture of choke valve, transfers to described PLC 102 by the information of acquisition with the form of feedback signal;
Described PLC 102, for utilizing the aperture of described pressure differential, described flow rate of liquid and described choke valve to calculate the flow obtaining choke valve place, the flow according to the choke valve place obtained sends control signal;
Described control choke valve actuator 103, for controlling the aperture of choke valve 104 according to described control signal, realizes returning the flow being drained through in journey and returning discharge opeing.
Preferably, described PLC 102 obtains the expression formula of the flow at choke valve place:
Wherein, Q represents flow, and A represents restriction cross section, i.e. the aperture of choke valve; Δ P represents the pressure differential of choke valve; ρ express liquid density; α represents discharge coefficient;
ζ represents flow resistance coefficient; L represents restriction length; V represents viscosity; V represents flow velocity; d
h 2represent hydraulic diameter,
u represents the girth of throttle pipe cross section.
Preferably, the flap shape of described choke valve 104 is aciculiform, dihedral or taper.
As shown in Figure 2, be a kind of fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) control method flow chart of the present invention's proposition.The method comprises:
Step 201): the pressure differential of On-line sampling system choke valve both sides, the flow rate of liquid at choke valve place and the aperture of choke valve;
Step 202): utilize the aperture of described pressure differential, described flow rate of liquid and described choke valve to calculate the flow obtaining choke valve place, the flow according to the choke valve place obtained sends control signal;
Step 203): the aperture controlling choke valve according to described control signal, realizes returning the flow being drained through in journey and returning discharge opeing.
Embodiment:
In the present embodiment, returning the requirement of row according to pressure break, by controlling the aperture of choke valve of pipeline, making to return in pipeline a set of adaptive control system of flow (pressure) according to given rule work of discharge opeing, as shown in Figure 3.
System can be divided into two large divisions: 1, PART1: epigynous computer section; 2, PART2: control system hardware components.Be relatively independent relative to PART1, PART2, it can work independently in the idle situation of host computer.
Epigynous computer section (PART1) is made up of computer (PC), be mainly used for the setting of some controlled quentity controlled variables or control law, and the display of some pilot process amounts (valve opening, flow, pressure etc. as a certain moment), to compare and preservation, be convenient to compare actual open flow process and given rule intuitively.Epigynous computer section and hardware components are contacted by serial communication interface.
Control system hardware components (PART2) is primarily of compositions such as PLC, PID controller, electric valve actuating mechanism, valve and respective sensor:
1, PLC is equivalent to a slave computer, by its control, can make PART2 also can independently according to rule work given in advance in the idle situation of PART1; PART2 and PART1 can be enable to carry out data communication by it; Simultaneously it also plays the output of A/D, D/A conversion to the pilot process amount collected and other correlatives.
2, the D/A amount of PLC carrys out actuate valve stem through electric valve actuating mechanism, thus controls the aperture of pipeline valve.
3, pilot process amount (valve opening, flow, pressure etc.), can be measured by corresponding sensor (as displacement, flow, pressure sensor) and obtain, and feed back to PLC.
4, " indicator lamp " is mainly used for the pipeline valve display that normally works and reports to the police with operation irregularity.
In the present embodiment control system, PLC possesses and realizes following functions:
1, the communication function of control device and host computer (PC) is realized by PLC
The RS485 mouth of PLC is connected (if needs, can expand RS485 mouth, extend to 500M to 1000M) by PC/PCI cable with the RS232 mouth of PC, and employing baud rate is 9600bps, no parity position, free communication mode.
2, the collection of online data is realized
Pressure versus flow can obtain via pressure sensor and flow transmitter measurement respectively, realizes real time on-line monitoring.What in general sensor was converted to is all continuous print analog signal, if and want to use the data that record online to record these of PC, what send into PC must be data signal, so must carry out A/D conversion to the pressure recorded by pressure sensor and flow transmitter respectively and flow signal, this work just can use PLC and other analog quantity spread module to realize.
3, the control to duty instruction is realized
Indicator lamp on control cabinet panel and warning device are used to the duty pointing out each valve.These indicating devices connect the I/O mouth of PLC, and by PLC programme-control, each indicating device is by given logical order work.
4, the control to main valve (choke valve) is realized
The main task of the present embodiment one be exactly to realize to the monitoring of flow with automatically control, to reach returning the control being drained through in journey and telling sand situation.This control procedure is a closed loop feedback control procedure, the pressure versus flow namely on-line measurement obtained is as the feedback signal of control system, required control rate is calculated by PLC, export from analog quantity spread mouth and control choke valve actuator, to ensure that returning discharge opeing returns row by given flow rule.
Accompanying drawing 4 is circuit connection schematic diagrames of whole control cabinet inside, and the present embodiment control circuit is made up of control panel, S7-200PLC, necessary relay, interface etc., is connected between them by suitable circuit.In figure, the function of each element is:
S1: system power supply opens button;
S2: system power supply X button;
KM1: auxiliary reclay, in order to realize contacting of S1 and S2, controls the switch of power supply;
K0: air switch, as section electric protection;
K1: automatic and manual operation way selection switch;
K2: the travel switch of auxiliary valve one;
K3: the travel switch of auxiliary valve two;
K4: the travel switch of auxiliary valve three;
K5: the travel switch of auxiliary valve four;
K6: the travel switch of auxiliary valve five.
In the present embodiment, the main purpose of host computer application program is to provide the human-computer interaction interface of the automatic open flow control system of oil well, for system provides the setting of flow and pressure and other parameters, complete the storage of data in control procedure simultaneously, thus better control.According to the requirement of scene application, program is totally divided into two large divisions: optimum configurations and process display, as shown in Figure 5.Flow chart as shown in Figure 6.According to the requirement of programming, the setting of systematic parameter and the storage of data all in same window application environment run make it into as a whole.Arranging of systematic parameter adopts dialog box mode that input is succinctly facilitated, and the storage of data can be preserved with textual form and graphic form, and printable output.
What the technical program made return is drained through of the fracturing fluid flow in journey and carries out under suitable rule, ensures that proppant (sand) is not by fracturing fluid band producing well, improves the row's of returning efficiency.Finally reach stable downhole fluid state, improve pressing crack construction effect.
Above-described detailed description of the invention; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; be understood that; the foregoing is only the specific embodiment of the present invention; the protection domain be not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) control device, is characterized in that, this device comprises:
Measuring transducer, PLC, control choke valve actuator and choke valve; Wherein,
Described measuring transducer, for the pressure differential of On-line sampling system choke valve both sides, the flow rate of liquid at choke valve place and the aperture of choke valve, transfers to described PLC by the information of acquisition with the form of feedback signal;
Described PLC, for utilizing the aperture of described pressure differential, described flow rate of liquid and described choke valve to calculate the flow obtaining choke valve place, the flow according to the choke valve place obtained sends control signal;
Described control choke valve actuator, for controlling the aperture of choke valve according to described control signal, realizes returning the flow being drained through in journey and returning discharge opeing.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described PLC obtains the expression formula of the flow at choke valve place:
Wherein, Q represents flow, and A represents restriction cross section, i.e. the aperture of choke valve; Δ P represents the pressure differential of choke valve; ρ express liquid density; α represents discharge coefficient;
ζ represents flow resistance coefficient; L represents restriction length; V represents viscosity; V represents flow velocity; d
h 2represent hydraulic diameter,
u represents the girth of throttle pipe cross section.
3. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the flap shape of described choke valve is aciculiform, dihedral or taper.
4. a fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) control method, is characterized in that, the method comprises:
The pressure differential of On-line sampling system choke valve both sides, the flow rate of liquid at choke valve place and the aperture of choke valve;
Utilize the aperture of described pressure differential, described flow rate of liquid and described choke valve to calculate the flow obtaining choke valve place, the flow according to the choke valve place obtained sends control signal;
Control the aperture of choke valve according to described control signal, realize returning the flow being drained through in journey and returning discharge opeing.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the calculation expression of the flow at described choke valve place:
Wherein, Q represents flow, and A represents restriction cross section, i.e. the aperture of choke valve; Δ P represents the pressure differential of choke valve; ρ express liquid density; α represents discharge coefficient;
ζ represents flow resistance coefficient; L represents restriction length; V represents viscosity; V represents flow velocity; d
h 2represent hydraulic diameter,
u represents the girth of throttle pipe cross section.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410601106.7A CN104329072A (en) | 2014-10-30 | 2014-10-30 | Device and method for controlling back flow of fracturing fluid |
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| CN201410601106.7A CN104329072A (en) | 2014-10-30 | 2014-10-30 | Device and method for controlling back flow of fracturing fluid |
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| CN108104788A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-06-01 | 中国石油大学(华东) | For determining that gas well fracturing returns the logistics organizations apparatus and method on row's opportunity and proppant fracturing fluid regurgitant volume |
| CN109002565A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2018-12-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The critical discharge speed calculation method of fracturing fluid |
| CN109240353A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2019-01-18 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七〇九研究所 | Adjust the system and method for revolution speed |
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| CN111396003A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-07-10 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method for adjusting drainage test oil nozzle after fracturing of normal-pressure shale gas horizontal well |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107765716A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2018-03-06 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of double loop control of flow control valve |
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| CN108104788A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-06-01 | 中国石油大学(华东) | For determining that gas well fracturing returns the logistics organizations apparatus and method on row's opportunity and proppant fracturing fluid regurgitant volume |
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| CN110608026A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2019-12-24 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司西南油气田分公司工程技术研究院 | Underground multistage fracturing intelligent sliding sleeve control system and method based on pressure wave communication |
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