CN104318781A - RFID technology based travel speed obtaining method - Google Patents
RFID technology based travel speed obtaining method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an RFID technology based travel speed obtaining method. Original data acquired by RFID base stations are processed to obtain average travel speed of a natural road section within a time period. The RFID technology based travel speed obtaining method comprises the specific steps of firstly, performing base station matching to form base station pairs and establishing an RFID base station network; secondly, converting original data into matched data by means of a certain matching algorithm to obtain the travel speed of a vehicle passing through the corresponding sub-road section; then selecting time binding degree and conducting weight averaging on the travel speed of a matched vehicle to obtain average travel speed of the sub-road section; finally matching the sub-road section to the natural road section, enabling the base stations to divide the natural road section into several portions, successively and respectively using sub-road section flows and the lengths of all portions of the natural road section as weight values, and conducting weight averaging to obtain the average travel speed of all portions of the natural road section and the natural road section.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of based on RFID (Radio Frequency Identification, radio frequency identification) the travel speed acquisition methods of technology, belong to ITS in traffic engineering (Intelligent Transportation System, intelligent transportation system) field.
Background technology
ITS is the traffic problems in order to solve modern city, produce as series of problems such as road congestion, Frequent Accidents, locating and tracking, charge, fine and environmental pollutions, it is on the infrastructure basis that oneself has, utilize advanced infotech, the communication technology, control technology, sensor technology and system synthesis technology, by the system integration, road, driver and vehicle are organically combined, utilize and the object making full use of traffic resource is reached to vehicle, driver and road real-time information collection.
Traffic data collection is most important link in ITS, is traffic administration, the traffic such as traffic control and prediction, traffic guiding, point duty and the traffic-information service basis of applying.The Real-time Collection of transport information is the guarantee that intelligent transportation system realizes traffic control and management fast and effectively, information service with process.The collection of traffic data collection mainly dynamic traffic data, acquisition method can be divided into artificial process and automatic method, the principal feature of automatic acquisition technology relies on collecting device completely, comprise passing through or existing of hardware and software automatic sensing road user, realize comprehensive, the real-time collection to telecommunication flow information, its advantage is then for a long time, comprehensively, more accurately can collect road traffic stream information.So automatic acquisition technology is widely used in the gatherer process of dynamic information.Along with development and the maturation of RFID technique and the communication technology, RFID technique has been widely used in social all trades and professions, and in this context, the traffic information collection technology based on RFID is arisen at the historic moment.Compared with conventional traffic information acquisition technique, because the mechanism of RFID acquisition technique is different, traditional data acquisition and processing (DAP) method needs to make corresponding adjustment, to adapt to the demand of real system.
Traditional traffic data collection technology such as detecting devices such as magnetic frequency, ripple frequency, video and infrared ray can detect whether vehicle passes through check point, and form traffic behavior parameter, as the magnitude of traffic flow, traffic flow section speed or traffic flow occupancy etc. by what collect vehicle by data.Based on these traffic flow parameters, the traffic behavior between each Traffic detection points of traffic flow theory analysis ratiocination and on traffic network can be utilized.It is pointed out that, in above-mentioned detection and traffic state analysis process, the checkout equipment at each check point place works alone, and the data that each check point place obtains directly can be mapped as the traffic behavior at this check point place in actual road net model.Thus simplify the interpretation process of raw data.
And for the traffic behavior collection based on RFID technique, the mechanism of RFID acquisition technique is different.According to RFID technique, when the vehicle with RFID label tag is by RFID base stations detected, what RFID data acquisition system can not only detect vehicle passes through information, and can by the reading of vehicle-mounted RFID label tag and identification, obtain the identity characteristic by vehicle, this is the important symbol of difference rfid system and other traditional data acquisition system (DAS)s.The vehicle that RFID technique obtains makes corresponding base station coupling to be formed base station pair by feature, calculates travel speed, namely obtain journey time by calculating vehicle through the mistiming of two base stations, and then calculate travel speed by matched data.This also makes to set up RFID base station network becomes based on one of the traffic data collection of RFID technique and the steps necessary of analytic system.
Therefore, research is applicable to the data processing method based on the traffic data collection technology of RFID technique is necessary.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters: the raw data that RFID collects a kind ofly can be converted into traffic parameter, the workable travel speed acquisition methods based on RFID technique by of the present invention providing.
Technical scheme: the travel speed acquisition methods based on RFID technique of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
Step 1) first determine RFID latitude and longitude of base station, base station location demarcated by map, then set up by all base stations to the base station formed to network, the right defining method in described base station is: two the RFID base stations continued through by ahead running stream in the road network geometry of reality are as a base station pair, the spacing of described two RFID base stations is no more than 2000 meters, and crossing number is between the two no more than one;
Step 2) first the raw data that RFID base station collects is converted into matched data, namely based on described base station, to by vehicle, car plate coupling is carried out to network, concrete grammar is: add up each base station to the license board information by vehicle, thus determines according to described license board information the coupling vehicle that base station is right and be by the vehicle of base station to starting point and terminal by this base station to mating vehicle described in the time of starting point and terminal;
Then calculate each coupling vehicle by the mistiming of base station to starting point and terminal, i.e. journey time, and then calculate the travel speed of coupling vehicle between base station pair;
Step 3) according to application degree of collecting access time, namely the calculating how long carrying out an average velocity is determined, then the time is divided into the time period calculating average velocity, calculates according to following formula and mate the average travel speed of vehicle in sub-section in section seclected time
unit is km/h:
In formula: t
ithe time travelled on sub-section for mating vehicle i drops on the time span in section seclected time, and unit is s, and described sub-section is that base station is to the road risen between point base stations to terminal base station; v
ifor described step 2) in the coupling vehicle that the obtains travel speed between base station pair, unit is km/h; N is the coupling vehicle number by this sub-section in section seclected time; T is all t on sub-section
isum, unit is s, that is:
In the preferred version of the inventive method, also comprise v step 4), idiographic flow is: first sub-section is matched nature section, namely with RFID base station for cut-point divides natural section, then dividing on the natural section each several part obtained, the sub-link counting detected with this part is for weights, and the average travel speed in antithetical phrase section is weighted on average, obtains the average travel speed of this part; Last with the length of natural section each several part for weights, the average stroke speed of a motor vehicle of natural section each several part is weighted on average, obtains the average stroke speed of a motor vehicle in nature section.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1, the present invention has fully taken into account the raw data feature that traffic data collection mechanism and RFID base station based on RFID technique collect, before concrete data are processed, set up the basis that base station network is subsequent treatment, which ensure that by base station larger to vehicle number, namely sample size is large, other traffic data mobile monitoring technology of ratio, the road-section average travel speed calculated accordingly more can reflect road real conditions.
2, according to the definition of travel speed, raw data is converted into matched data, obtain mating the true journey time that vehicle has passed through road between point base stations and terminal base station, and then obtain the travel speed of each car, directly can obtain real travel speed is the great advantage of this method compared with the travel speed method of estimation of conventional truck detecting device.
3, take into account the concept of time degree of collecting when calculating sub-road-section average travel speed, ensure that its theoretical correctness, can need to select different time degree of collecting according to different application, improve method applicability.
4, be the Weighted Average Algorithm of weights by sub-link counting and natural section each several part link length respectively, ensure that the average travel speed in nature section can well reflect the true traffic conditions on this section theoretically.
5, computing method of the present invention are simple and clear, and do not have too complicated algorithm, method easily realizes, workable; Can also select simpler alternative method as the case may be, also can add the steps such as data cleansing to meet more demand, applicability is wide, and extendability is strong.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is base station network schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 raw data and matched data important attribute schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 raw data is to the matching algorithm process flow diagram of matched data.
Fig. 4 mates the length computation schematic diagram that car plate running time on sub-section drops on object time section.
Fig. 5 is the calculation flow chart of sub-road-section average travel speed.
Fig. 6 is that schematic diagram is mated with natural section in sub-section.
Fig. 7 is overview flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Now the invention will be further described with Figure of description in conjunction with the embodiments.
Travel speed acquisition methods based on RFID technique of the present invention, object is that the raw data by collecting RFID base station processes, and obtains the average stroke speed of a motor vehicle in section.This method is mainly divided into three steps: first set up RFID base station network; Secondly raw data is converted into matched data; Finally calculate the average stroke speed of a motor vehicle in sub-section by matched data, sub-section refers to that base station is to the road risen between point base stations and terminal base station.
In the preferred version of the inventive method, on the average stroke speed of a motor vehicle basis calculating sub-section, also add the step average stroke speed of a motor vehicle in sub-section being converted into nature road-section average travel speed, nature section refers to the section between crossing, and indication crossing does not comprise the crossing crossing with branch road and following grade road thereof herein.
Concrete steps of the present invention are introduced in detail below with the preferred embodiment being converted into nature road-section average travel speed.
Step 1: set up RFID base station network
(1) determine latitude and longitude of base station, map is demarcated the position of base station, obtain all RFID base station information tables, base station information comprises base station numbering, base station name, base station type, longitude, latitude;
(2) for each RFID base station:
A) its location on map is obtained;
B) according to road network geometry, by map search, along wagon flow direction, artificial enquiry also judges all adjacent base station, downstream of this base station, find with all RFID base stations that are starting point, this RFID base station to till;
C) for each RFID base station pair, obtain the attributive character that this base station is right, comprise base station to numbering, play point base stations, terminal base station, sub-road section length, whether have crossing, section title (names according to traffic direction, can consider corresponding with subsequent applications), section feature (according to traffic direction name, major trunk roads, subsidiary road etc.) etc. attribute data;
D) reject crossing number be greater than 1 or base station the base station pair of 2km is greater than to link length;
(3) for all RFID base stations, repeat above-mentioned steps (2), find out all base stations pair;
(4) RFID base station sequence is formed, complete RFID base station his-and-hers watches, as the basis of follow-up work process, the underlying attribute of base station his-and-hers watches have base station to numbering, base station to title, play point base stations numbering, crossing numbering, terminal base station name, starting point base station type, terminal base station type, base station to the sub-road section length of correspondence, section grade.
As in accompanying drawing 1, each entrance driveway of crossing and exit ramp are provided with base sites, A ~ H is base station numbering, and the curve of band arrow is traffic flow direction, and the right coding rule in base station be " playing point base stations numbering+terminal base station to number ", according to road network structure and traffic flow direction, can obtain according to step 1, the base station in accompanying drawing 1 to having AB, AD, AF, CF, CH, CD, EB, EH, EF, GB, GD, GH.
Step 2: raw data is converted into matched data, calculates the travel speed of vehicle
The attribute of raw data mainly comprises LSN, base station numbering, lane number, beginning Card Reader time, terminates Card Reader time, tag number, tag types, car plate color, license plate number, vehicle, body color, environmental protection grade.Car plate color and license plate number are called license board information jointly, are the unique identifications of a car.The underlying attribute of matched data has base station to numbering, car plate color, license plate number, has passed through the time of point base stations, the time through terminal base station, through can be calculated journey time and travel speed.The important attribute of raw data and matched data as shown in Figure 2.
Matching algorithm concrete steps raw data being converted into matched data are as follows, and process flow diagram as shown in Figure 3.
(1) select the raw data of starting point and terminal base station in same amount of time, and pass through time-sequencing according to vehicle respectively;
(2) raw data that is played point base stations is chosen successively, contrast with each raw data of terminal base station in order, be greater than 0 by the difference of starting point base station time be less than 10 minutes if find license board information identical and deducted by the time of terminal base station, then the match is successful, record match information, otherwise it fails to match;
(3) previous action is carried out to all point base stations raw data, finally obtain all matched datas of this base station to this time period, and calculate journey time and the travel speed of each vehicle, journey time is vehicle by the difference of terminal and starting point base station time, and travel speed equals sub-road section length divided by journey time.
Step 3: calculate sub-road-section average travel speed
Before the sub-road-section average travel speed of calculating, reply matched data is cleaned, and ensures that the travel speed of matched data has accuracy and validity.
Calculate average velocity, first must determine time degree of collecting.Service time, the related algorithm method that calculates sub-road-section average travel speed of degree of collecting can be divided into theoretical computing method (namely to the computing method of historical data) and the computing method two kinds to real time data.Slightly do to change to obtain in conjunction with the concrete condition in practical application according to the computing method of theory to the computing method of real time data.The calculation process of two kinds of methods is substantially identical, just the data that a part cannot obtain are lost to the method for real time data processing, lower mask body introduces theoretical computing method, namely for the base station of historical data to the calculating of average travel speed, process flow diagram is as shown in Figure 5.
(1) first, determine time degree of collecting T, determine target BS to object time section.
As shown in Figure 4:
A) in figure, transverse axis is distance, and 001,002 is RFID base station, and traffic flow direction is 001 to 002, and this base station is to being numbered 001_002; Straight line with arrow is respectively 4 at T
02to T
03by the part driving trace of base station to the vehicle (Veh1, Veh2, Veh3 and Veh4) of 001_002 in time period, one end of arrow is not had to be the initial time T of object time section
02, have one end of arrow to be the end time T of object time section
03.
B) in figure, coordinate axis is the time, by T
01, T
02, T
03and T
04be divided into the time period that the time interval is degree of collecting T;
C) in figure, horizontal ordinate is the time, and ordinate is distance, and horizontal ordinate is divided into the time period, and ordinate has demarcated the position of base station.
Figure (a) in accompanying drawing 4, figure (b) and figure (c) understand to be more convenient for, use the same problem of graphical representation of a peacekeeping two dimension respectively, data are wherein all corresponding, as namely the Veh1 in (a), (b) and (c) figure refers to same car.
Now choose and calculate T
02to T
03the base station of playing point base stations to be 001 terminal base station be 002 in time period is example to the average travel speed of 001_002.
(2) then, calculating time that each vehicle travels on sub-section drops on time span in section seclected time.
In figure 4, Veh1, Veh2, Veh3 and Veh4 be four at T
02to T
03time period by the vehicle of base station to 001_002, T
1, T
3, T
5and T
7the time that vehicle has passed through point base stations, T
2, T
4, T
6and T
8the time of vehicle through terminal base station, v
1, v
2, v
3and v
4for the travel speed of these four cars on this sub-section.
Vehicle is temporally divided by the situation that base station is right can be divided into four kinds of situations:
A) vehicle has passed through point base stations and has entered sub-section before section starting point moment seclected time, leaves sub-section, as the Veh1 in accompanying drawing 4 before segment endpoint moment seclected time through terminal base station;
B) vehicle through the time of terminus base station all in seclected time section, as the Veh2 in accompanying drawing 3;
C) vehicle time of having passed through point base stations is in seclected time section, through time of terminal base station after segment endpoint moment seclected time, as the Veh3 in accompanying drawing 4;
D) vehicle through the time of terminus base station all outside seclected time section, as the Veh4 in accompanying drawing 4.
Calculating time that each vehicle travels on sub-section respectively drops on time span t in section seclected time
i, i=1,2,3 as the t in accompanying drawing 4 (b)
1=T
2-T
02, t
2=T
4-T
3, t
3=T
03-T
5, t
4=T
03-T
02.
(3) last, with t
ifor the travel speed of weights to each vehicle is weighted on average, obtain the average travel speed in sub-section.
As in accompanying drawing 4, base station to 001_002 at T
02to T
03the average stroke speed of a motor vehicle in time period
In formula: t
i---the time that vehicle i travels on sub-section drops on the time span in section seclected time, and described sub-section is base station to the road risen between point base stations to terminal base station, and unit is s; T---the time that each coupling vehicle travels on sub-section drops on the time sum in section seclected time, and unit is s; v
i---each coupling vehicle travel speed, unit is km/h, and travel speed equals sub-road section length divided by journey time;
---sub-road-section average travel speed, unit is km/h; The vehicle number in this sub-section is passed through n---seclected time, n=4 in this example in section.
Be described above the computing method of theoretical sub-road-section average travel speed, but in real world applications, usually will consider real-time, introduce the computing method of the real-time average travel speed in sub-section for real time data below.
In the computing method of above-mentioned theory, matched data divided in order to 4 kinds of situations, when the calculating to historical data, the matched data of these 4 kinds of situations is all available, therefore directly can adopt theoretical computing method.But in actual applications, for considering the real-time of data, must calculate average velocity immediately in the terminal moment of object time section, now, some target vehicle also not by terminal base station, cannot carry out mating and calculating.As calculated T in accompanying drawing 4
02to T
03the average velocity of time period, then must at T
03moment just calculates, but Veh3 and Veh4 is at T
03during the moment, base station 002 of also not reaching home, therefore these data cannot be obtained by the matching algorithm in step 2, also cannot participate in calculating.Therefore, when calculating real time data, there are two kinds of data to obtain in the matched data of 4 kinds of situations in theoretical calculation method, in order to better be applied to the calculating of real time data in reality, part change must be carried out to theoretical algorithm.
In accompanying drawing 4, the data of the coupling vehicle of the both of these case representated by Veh3 and Veh4 cannot obtain when T03, therefore do not consider, be only weighted on average to the matched data of kind of the situation of two representated by Veh1 and Veh2, for calculating sub-road-section average travel speed.
Except the situation of matched data considered is only wherein except two kinds, the method for the method during sub-Road average-speed calculates in real time and theory is identical.
In actual applications, when not being high especially to accuracy requirement, simpler alternative method can be adopted to calculate the average travel speed in sub-section.
Determine time degree of collecting and the determining time time, can consider that vehicle is by the right concrete condition in base station, is reduced to and only judges which time period is this matched data belong to according to the time of vehicle by point base stations, the time by terminal base station or the intermediate time by starting point and terminal base station.Such as all by terminal base station time be 16:** (* * refers to Arbitrary Digit) matched data add up time all think that this vehicle belonged in 16 .-17 time periods.When calculating average travel speed, just need not consider weighting, directly calculating the arithmetic mean of the coupling vehicle travel speed in this time period.For improving the quality of data, also travel speed and the larger data of mean deviation in more available algorithm rejecting matched data.
Step 4: mated with natural section in sub-section, calculates the average stroke speed of a motor vehicle in nature section
(1) nature pavement section is one or several part by base station, measures the length of each part, and is mated with natural section in sub-section, obtains nature section each several part and corresponding base station thereof to sequence.If a and b in accompanying drawing 6 is nature node (i.e. crossing), choose direction of traffic from south to north, section ab is a natural section, now will calculate the average stroke speed of a motor vehicle of ba within certain time.A ~ H is base station, then the base station that this natural section is corresponding is AD/BD/CD, DE, EF/GF/HF to sequence; Each base station is respectively v to the average stroke speed of a motor vehicle in object time section and matched data number
aD, q
aD, v
bD, q
bD, v
hF, q
hF, the step that these data all can be passed through above obtains, and now thinks known.This natural section is divided in order to Seg1, Seg2 and Seg3 tri-part by base station.
(2) with each respective base station, the flow (i.e. matched data number) in this time period is weighted on average average travel speed base station for weights, obtains the average travel speed of nature section each several part.As in accompanying drawing 6:
The average stroke speed of a motor vehicle of Seg1
computing formula as follows:
q
1＝q
AD+q
BD+q
CD
The average stroke speed of a motor vehicle of Seg2
The average stroke speed of a motor vehicle of Seg3
computing formula as follows:
q
3＝q
EF+q
EG+q
EH
(3) with the length of natural section each several part (as the l in accompanying drawing 6
1, l
2and l
3) for the average travel speed of weights to each several part is weighted on average, obtain the average travel speed in nature section.As the average travel speed of section ab natural in accompanying drawing 6
In practical application, more simple and convenient in order to calculate, can using the travel speed in the travel speed in sub-road-section average travel speed arithmetic mean corresponding for natural section each several part, the maximum sub-section of flow or the maximum sub-section of velocity amplitude as this part average travel speed; When calculating nature road-section average travel speed according to natural section each several part average travel speed, also weights can not considered equally, with the average travel speed of the arithmetic mean of nature section each several part average travel speed, average travel speed that the most long portion of length is divided or the speed largest portion average travel speed as this natural section.Such as, can directly using the average travel speed of average travel speed as natural section that be maximum for flow on this natural section, that drop on the longest sub-section of length on section.
Above-described embodiment is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be noted that for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; some improvement and equivalent replacement can also be made; these improve the claims in the present invention and are equal to the technical scheme after replacing, and all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1., based on a travel speed acquisition methods for RFID technique, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1) first determine RFID latitude and longitude of base station, base station location demarcated by map, then set up by all base stations to the base station formed to network, the right defining method in described base station is: two the RFID base stations continued through by ahead running stream in the road network geometry of reality are as a base station pair, the spacing of described two RFID base stations is no more than 2000 meters, and crossing number is between the two no more than one;
Step 2) first the raw data that RFID base station collects is converted into matched data, namely based on described base station, to by vehicle, car plate coupling is carried out to network, concrete grammar is: add up each base station to the license board information by vehicle, thus determines according to described license board information the coupling vehicle that base station is right and be by the vehicle of base station to starting point and terminal by this base station to mating vehicle described in the time of starting point and terminal;
Then calculate each coupling vehicle by the mistiming of base station to starting point and terminal, i.e. journey time, and then calculate the travel speed of coupling vehicle between base station pair;
Step 3) according to application degree of collecting access time, namely the calculating how long carrying out an average velocity is determined, then the time is divided into the time period calculating average velocity, calculates according to following formula and mate the average travel speed of vehicle in sub-section in section seclected time
unit is km/h:
In formula: t
ithe time travelled on sub-section for mating vehicle i drops on the time span in section seclected time, and unit is s, and described sub-section is that base station is to the road risen between point base stations to terminal base station; v
ifor described step 2) in the coupling vehicle that the obtains travel speed between base station pair, unit is km/h; N is the coupling vehicle number by this sub-section in section seclected time; T is all t on sub-section
isum, unit is s, that is:
2. a kind of travel speed acquisition methods based on RFID technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method also comprises step 4), idiographic flow is:
First sub-section is matched nature section, namely with RFID base station for cut-point divides natural section, then dividing on the natural section each several part obtained, the sub-link counting detected with this part is for weights, the average travel speed in antithetical phrase section is weighted on average, obtains the average travel speed of this part; Last with the length of natural section each several part for weights, the average stroke speed of a motor vehicle of natural section each several part is weighted on average, obtains the average stroke speed of a motor vehicle in nature section.
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| CN107993452A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-04 | 夏莹杰 | Speed-measuring method based on road passage rate on WIFI probes detection highway |
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| CN110443737A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-11-12 | 安徽富煌科技股份有限公司 | A kind of public transport operation speed calculation method for intelligent public transportation system |
| CN115249406A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-10-28 | 阿里巴巴新加坡控股有限公司 | Road condition data acquisition method and device, electronic equipment and readable storage medium |
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| CN115512552A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-23 | 云控智行科技有限公司 | Traffic flow statistical method, device and equipment |
| CN115512552B (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2023-09-26 | 云控智行科技有限公司 | Traffic flow statistics method, device and equipment |
| CN115762144A (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-03-07 | 高德软件有限公司 | Method and device for generating traffic guidance information |
| CN117275241A (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2023-12-22 | 湖南希赛网络科技有限公司 | Traffic situation awareness and flow prediction visualization system based on digital twinning |
| CN117275241B (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2024-02-09 | 湖南希赛网络科技有限公司 | Traffic situation awareness and flow prediction visualization system based on digital twinning |
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