CN104318489B - Transformer grouping method based on load characteristic analysis - Google Patents

Transformer grouping method based on load characteristic analysis Download PDF

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CN104318489B
CN104318489B CN201410564530.9A CN201410564530A CN104318489B CN 104318489 B CN104318489 B CN 104318489B CN 201410564530 A CN201410564530 A CN 201410564530A CN 104318489 B CN104318489 B CN 104318489B
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CN104318489A (en
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顾温国
王红斌
高雅
杜双育
李峰
张良均
云伟标
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Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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Abstract

Disclosed is a transformer grouping method based on load characteristic analysis. The transformer grouping method based on load characteristic analysis includes the following steps that firstly, transformer load data are processed to form load rate data, and dimensionality reduction is performed to extract three transformer load characteristics such as annual average load rate, load rate fluctuation and load rate trend; then transformer load characteristic samples are formed through index calculation, and a characteristic sample set is subjected to standardization and to clustering grouping processing by a k-medoids algorithm; finally, grouping results are subjected to characteristic analysis. The transformer grouping method based on load characteristic analysis is provided in consideration of differences of different transformer load characteristics, transformer operation grouping results and suggestions are obtained, and a technological means is provided for grasping transformer economical operation conditions and trends.

Description

A kind of transformator grouping method based on load characteristic analysis
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of by setting up transformer load characteristic index and the side that transformer load divides group being realized with this Method.
Background technology
Development with social economy and the continuous improvement of industrial economy benefit consciousness, reduce loss, saves energy are It is increasingly becoming power supply industry focus of attention problem.Therefore, controlled using the economical operation that technological means realize transformator, to fall Low-loss, saves energy are of great practical significance.Wherein, the load characteristic of analysis transformator is that transformator is carried out The basis that economical operation controls.
Traditional Example of Transformer Economical Run, mainly according to transformer technology parameter, in conjunction with actual load situation, passes through The size of load factor simply judges transformer economic operation situation.The method can reflect the current running status of transformator, but It is difficult to definitely reflect account of the history and the future trends of load, the analysis method of its load factor also only reflects averagely negative The relation of load rate and maximum load rate, the intensity of load, the low ebb loading condition running without reflection, the dispersion of load Degree, therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively be analyzed to transformer load rate, seeks the feature of more scientific ground reflected load situation Amount, carries out Rational Classification to the performance driving economy of transformator, and can with this according to the reasonable operation compound mode arranging transformator, Effectively improve the economy of transformer station high-voltage side bus in local distribution network, reduce the overall electric energy loss of distribution network system.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is the load data according to transformator, analysis transformator running status with And future load trend.
Solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is to calculate load factor according to transformer load data Data simultaneously extracts the load characteristic of transformator, further according to load characteristic to a transformator cluster point group, analyzes the inside of each point of group Feature, identifies each point of group's running state of transformer.
The a kind of of the present invention specifically includes following steps based on the transformator grouping method of load characteristic analysis:
Step 1:Using transformer load data computational load rate data;
Step 2:Through Data Dimensionality Reduction, load factor data processing is obtained per day load factor;
Step 3:Extract transformer load feature, obtain annual load factor, load factor fluctuation and load factor trend, formed Feature samples collection;
Step 4:Feature samples collection is standardized, then carries out transformer load k-medoids cluster point group;
Step 5:Feature analysiss are carried out to grouping result.
Load data in described step 1 include that P_H- high-pressure side is active, Q_H- high-pressure side is idle and monitoring when Between t;
Described load factor data is the capacity V and load factor computing formula according to transformator It is calculated load factor the data sequence { (f of transformator1,t1),(f2,t2),…,(fs,ts), wherein t1,t2,…,tsBe according to The ordered arrangement that time order and function order is carried out, (fi,ti) represent in tiThe load factor of moment transformator is fi.
The Data Dimensionality Reduction of described step 2 is in units of sky, calculates the daily Rate of average load of each transformator, within the next few days Rate of average load
The extraction transformer load feature of described step 3 is specially:The annual load factor of one transformator, load factor The computing formula of fluctuation and load factor trend is respectively:
(1) annual load factorDay_fjIt is the per day load factor in jth sky;
(2) load factor fluctuation
(3) calculating of load factor trend is divided into two steps:
The first step:Calculate the monthly average load factor in each month:Day_fj, wherein ml is l The natural law of the moon;
Second step:Fitting a straight line is carried out with the monthly average load factor of the 1-12 month, obtains the slope of this straight line, as load factor TrendWherein
Calculate the characteristic index value of all transformators, form feature samples collection.
Described step 4 feature samples collection is standardized for:
Each characteristic index is standardized, standardization formula is as follows:
Annual load factor after standardization NormUYear _ f i = Year _ f i - Year _ f ‾ Var _ Year _ f , Wherein
Load factor fluctuation after standardizationWherein
Load factor trend after standardizationWherein
The transformer load k-medoids Cluster Classification of described step 4 comprises following sub-step:
S4.1:Randomly choose k transformator as the initial central point of cluster point group, each central point represents one point Group.
S4.2:After k central point is selected, the transformator of remaining n-k non-central point is grouped into from its nearest choosing Point group representated by transformator.More specifically:If num_j is the transformator of a non-central point, num_i is in one Heart point (selected object), and d (num_i, num_j) is that num_j is minimum with all k central point distances, then and num_j belongs to Point group representated by num_i;
S4.3:To each central point num_i, replaced former with the transformator num_h of each non-central point in this point of group Carry out central point num_i, calculate its total cost S=current_cost-past_cost, during wherein current_cost represents non- After the transformator num_h of heart point replaces original central point num_i, redistribute non-central point arrive nearest central point place minute Group, calculates non-central point to affiliated minute group center's point apart from summation;Past_cost represents the transformator num_h of non-central point Before replacing original central point num_i, non-central point to affiliated minute group center's point apart from summation;
S4.4:If it is little to replace its total cost S of original central point num_i to have in the transformator num_h of all non-central points In 0 presence, then find out total cost S minimum one, and replace corresponding central point originally with the transformator of this non-central point, Form k new central point;
S4.5:Repeat step S4.3, S4.4 replaces original central point num_ until the transformator num_h of all non-central points Total cost S of i is all higher than 0.
Described step 5 is specially:Respectively to three characteristic indexs of each point of group, draw probability density figure, divide further Analyse the distribution situation of the transformator under the different loads characteristic index of each point of group.
According to the scheme of the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention considers the diversity of different transformer load characteristics, carries Supply a kind of transformator grouping method based on load characteristic analysis, obtain transformer station high-voltage side bus grouping result and suggestion, empirical tests, To running state of transformer classifying quality substantially, a kind of technological means are provided for grasping transformer economic operation situation and trend.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the transformator grouping method schematic flow sheet based on load characteristic analysis of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is point each index probability density figure of group 1 of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is point each index probability density figure of group 2 of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is point each index probability density figure of group 3 of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is point each index probability density figure of group 4 of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples technical scheme is described in detail.
As shown in figure 1, the transformator grouping method based on load characteristic analysis of the present invention, adopt first and utilize transformation Device load data is processed into load factor data, then through dimensionality reduction, extracts three transformer load features:Annual load factor, Load factor fluctuation and load factor trend, are then passed through index and calculate formation transformer load feature samples, feature samples collection is entered Row standardization simultaneously carries out cluster point group's process using k-medoids algorithm to it, finally carries out feature analysiss to the result of point group.
The present invention is comprised the steps based on the transformator grouping method of load characteristic analysis:
Step 1:Using transformer load data computational load rate data;
Step 2:Through Data Dimensionality Reduction, load factor data processing is obtained per day load factor;
Step 3:Extract transformer load feature, obtain annual load factor, load factor fluctuation and load factor trend, formed Feature samples collection;
Step 4:Feature samples collection is standardized, then carries out transformer load k-medoids cluster point group;
Step 5:Feature analysiss are carried out to grouping result.
Described step 1 is described as follows:
Load data includes the time t that P_H- high-pressure side is active, Q_H- high-pressure side is idle and monitors, according to transformator Capacity V and load factor computing formulaObtain the load factor data sequence of transformator
{(f1,t1),(f2,t2),…,(fs,ts), wherein t1,t2,…,tsBe according to time order and function order carry out orderly Arrangement, (fi,ti) represent in tiThe load factor of moment transformator is fi
Described step 2 is described as follows:
Load data is every 3-5 minute record once, and load factor data is also just to have a note every 3-5 minute in the same manner Record, is not suitable for direct analysis because data volume is excessive, needs to carry out dimensionality reduction to data;
Dimensionality reduction, in units of sky, calculates the daily Rate of average load of each transformator, this day Rate of average load
Described step 3 is described as follows:
Sort out reaction transformer load feature further according to the per day load factor of the calculated transformator of step 2 to refer to Mark:Annual load factor, load factor fluctuation and load factor trend.The annual load factor of one transformator, load factor fluctuation and The computing formula of load factor trend is respectively
(1) annual load factorDay_fjIt is the per day load factor in jth sky
(2) load factor fluctuation
(3) calculating of load factor trend is divided into two steps, the first step:Calculate the monthly average load factor in each monthDay_fj, wherein ml is the natural law of the l month;
Second step:Fitting a straight line is carried out with the monthly average load factor of the 1-12 month, obtains the slope of this straight line, as load factor TrendWherein Calculate the characteristic index value of all transformators, form feature samples collection, be shown in Table 1,
Table 1. feature samples collection example
Transformator is numbered Annual load factor Load factor fluctuates Load factor trend
num_1 Year_f1 Var_f1 Trend_f1
num_2 Year_f2 Var_f2 Trend_f2
num_3 Year_f3 Var_f3 Trend_f3
num_n-1 Year_fn-1 Var_fn-1 Trend_fn-1
num_n Year_fn Var_fn Trend_fn
Described step 4 is described as follows:
The feature samples collection being formed according to step 3, is standardized to each characteristic index, standardization formula is as follows:
Annual load factor after standardization NormYear _ f i = Year _ f i - Year _ f ‾ Var ) _ Year _ f , Wherein
Load factor fluctuation after standardizationWherein
Load factor trend after standardizationWherein
Feature samples collection after standardization is shown in Table 2
Feature samples collection example after table 2. standardization
Transformator is numbered Annual load factor Load factor fluctuates Load factor trend
num_1 NormYear_f1 NormVar_f1 NormTrend_f1
num_2 NormYear_f2 NormVar_f2 NormTrend_f2
num_3 NormYear_f3 NormVar_f3 NormTrend_f3
num_n-1 NormYear_fn-1 NormVar_fn-1 NormTrend_fn-1
num_n NormYear_fn NormVar_fn NormTrend_fn
Recycle k-medoids clustering algorithm, distance function selects Euclidean distance
d ( num _ i , num _ j ) = ( NormYear _ f i - NormYear _ f j ) 2 + ( NormVar _ f i - NormVar _ f j ) 2 + ( NormTrend _ f i - NormTrend _ f j ) 2
, select suitable cluster numbers k, divide group to the feature samples clustering after standardization, comprise the following steps that:
S4.1:Randomly choose k transformator as the initial central point of cluster point group, each central point represents one point Group.
S4.2:After k central point is selected, the transformator of remaining n-k non-central point is grouped into from its nearest choosing Point group representated by transformator.More specifically:If num_j is the transformator of a non-central point, num_i is in one Heart point (selected object), and d (num_i, num_j) is that num_j is minimum with all k central point distances, then and num_j belongs to Point group representated by num_i;
S4.3:To each central point num_i, replaced former with the transformator num_h of each non-central point in this point of group Carry out central point num_i, calculate its total cost S=current_cost-past_cost, during wherein current_cost represents non- After the transformator num_h of heart point replaces original central point num_i, redistribute non-central point arrive nearest central point place minute Group, calculates non-central point to affiliated minute group center's point apart from summation;Past_cost represents the transformator num_h of non-central point Before replacing original central point num_i, non-central point to affiliated minute group center's point apart from summation;
S4.4:If it is little to replace its total cost S of original central point num_i to have in the transformator num_h of all non-central points In 0 presence, then find out total cost S minimum one, and replace corresponding central point originally with the transformator of this non-central point, Form k new central point;
S4.5:Repeat step S4.3, S4.4 replaces original central point num_ until the transformator num_h of all non-central points Total cost S of i is all higher than 0.
Described step 5 is described as follows:
Respectively to three characteristic indexs of each point of group, draw probability density figure, the difference analyzing each point of group further is born Carry the distribution situation of the transformator under characteristic index.
Algorithm example
Below by embodiment, and combine accompanying drawing 1, the inventive method is described in further detail.
Step 1:Using transformer load data computational load rate data;
Extract Guangdong Power Grid all 500kV transformator depressor load data to be analyzed, extract the time period for 1 year, wherein The fractional load data of certain transformator is shown in Table 3, and the capacity V=250*3MVA=750MVA of this transformator, according to load factor Formula can obtain corresponding load factor data, is shown in Table 4.
The fractional load data of certain transformator of table 3.
Time P_H Q_H Time P_H Q_H
2013-09-23 15:37 540.97 102.346 2013-09-23 18:36 448.371 121.84
2013-09-23 16:19 545.843 107.219 2013-09-23 18:43 472.739 126.714
2013-09-23 17:05 531.222 92.5984 2013-09-23 18:46 477.613 131.587
2013-09-23 17:12 526.349 87.7248 2013-09-23 19:39 492.234 131.587
2013-09-23 17:15 521.475 92.5984 2013-09-23 21:05 467.866 121.84
2013-09-23 17:21 511.728 87.7248 2013-09-23 21:11 462.992 116.966
2013-09-23 17:28 506.854 82.8512 2013-09-23 21:14 458.118 112.093
2013-09-23 17:34 492.234 77.9776 2013-09-23 21:17 453.245 121.84
2013-09-23 17:37 477.613 121.84 2013-09-23 21:42 433.75 112.093
2013-09-23 17:40 462.992 126.714 2013-09-23 21:49 428.877 116.966
2013-09-23 17:43 438.624 116.966 2013-09-23 22:05 419.13 116.966
2013-09-23 18:18 424.003 121.84 2013-09-23 22:08 414.256 112.093
2013-09-23 18:33 438.624 126.714 2013-09-23 22:14 404.509 107.219
The fractional load rate data of certain transformator of table 4.
Time Load factor Time Load factor
2013-09-23 15:37 73.40884 2013-09-23 18:36 61.95074
2013-09-23 16:19 74.16984 2013-09-23 18:43 65.25691
2013-09-23 17:05 71.89761 2013-09-23 18:46 66.05443
2013-09-23 17:12 71.14791 2013-09-23 19:39 67.93585
2013-09-23 17:15 70.61767 2013-09-23 21:05 64.46271
2013-09-23 17:21 69.22571 2013-09-23 21:11 63.67175
2013-09-23 17:28 68.47745 2013-09-23 21:14 62.8843
2013-09-23 17:34 66.44962 2013-09-23 21:17 62.57809
2013-09-23 17:37 65.72118 2013-09-23 21:42 59.73332
2013-09-23 17:40 64.0025 2013-09-23 21:49 59.27211
2013-09-23 17:43 60.52688 2013-09-23 22:05 58.01931
2013-09-23 18:18 58.82154 2013-09-23 22:08 57.22049
2013-09-23 18:33 60.87473 2013-09-23 22:14 55.797
Step 2:Through Data Dimensionality Reduction, load factor data processing is obtained per day load factor;
The load factor data being obtained according to step 1, in units of sky, calculates the daily Rate of average load of each transformator, This day Rate of average load
Step 3:Extract transformer load feature, obtain annual load factor, load factor fluctuation and load factor trend, formed Feature samples collection;
By the computing formula of the annual load factor of transformator, load factor fluctuation and load factor trend, obtain feature samples Collection, is shown in Table 5.
Table 5. feature samples collection
Step 4:Feature samples collection is standardized, then carries out transformer load k-medoids cluster point group;
After feature samples collection is standardized, selecting cluster number k is 4, carries out transformer load k-medoids cluster Divide group, the cluster result of output is shown in Table 6 and table 7.
Table 6. cluster result (one)
Table 7. cluster result (two)
Step 5:Feature analysiss are carried out to grouping result
The grouping result being obtained according to step 4, to each point of group, be respectively directed to annual load factor, load factor fluctuation and Load factor trend feature index, draws probability density figure, analyzes the transformation of the different loads characteristic index of each point of group further The distribution situation of device, evaluates the out-of-limit running status of different points of groups.
1) divide group 1 feature analysiss (see Fig. 2)
Figure it is seen that for a point group 1, the annual load factor of transformator is in medium level, substantially arrives 20% Between 60%;Load factor fluctuation is larger, substantially between 0.1 to 0.4;Load factor trend is substantially between -0.4 to 0.2.Explanation But the transformer station high-voltage side bus of point group 1 are both economical unstable.
2) divide group 2 feature analysiss (see Fig. 3)
From figure 3, it can be seen that for a point group 2, the annual load factor of transformator is in reduced levels, substantially arrives 10% Between 40%;Load factor fluctuation is less, substantially between 0 to 0.15;Load factor trend is substantially between -0.1 to 0.4.Explanation Although the transformator running and comparing of point group 2 steadily, runs less economy, loading trends are in ascent stage simultaneously, need to stay Meaning user power utilization situation, in the growth of load to a certain extent it is considered to dilatation.
3) divide group 3 feature analysiss (see Fig. 4)
From fig. 4, it can be seen that for a point group 3, the annual load factor of transformator is in medium level, substantially arrives 10% Between 60%;Load factor fluctuation is larger, substantially between 0 to 0.4;Load factor trend is substantially between 0 to 1.2.Point group 3 is described Transformer station high-voltage side bus more economical, but run unstable and loading trends are in ascent stage, user power utilization situation need to be noticed, In the growth of load to a certain extent it is considered to dilatation.
4) divide group 4 feature analysiss (see Fig. 5)
From fig. 5, it can be seen that for a point group 4, the annual load factor of transformator is in medium level, substantially arrives 30% Between 60%;Load factor fluctuates for medium level, substantially between 0 to 0.2;Load factor trend substantially -0.2 to 0.4 it Between.Illustrate that the transformer station high-voltage side bus of point group 4 more economical steadily relatively simultaneously.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of transformator grouping method based on load characteristic analysis, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step 1:Using transformer load data computational load rate data;
Step 2:Through Data Dimensionality Reduction, load factor data processing is obtained per day load factor;
Step 3:Extract transformer load feature, obtain annual load factor, load factor fluctuation and load factor trend, form feature Sample set;
Step 4:Feature samples collection is standardized, then carries out transformer load k-medoids cluster point group;
Step 5:Feature analysiss are carried out to grouping result;
Load data in described step 1 includes the time t that P_H- high-pressure side is active, Q_H- high-pressure side is idle and monitors;
Described load factor data is the capacity V and load factor computing formula according to transformatorCalculate Obtain load factor the data sequence { (f of transformator1,t1),(f2,t2),…,(fs,ts), wherein t1,t2,…,tsIt is according to the time The ordered arrangement that sequencing is carried out, (fi,ti) represent in tiThe load factor of moment transformator is fi.
2. the transformator grouping method based on load characteristic analysis according to claim 1, is characterized in that:Described step 2 Data Dimensionality Reduction is in units of sky, calculates the daily Rate of average load of each transformator, this day Rate of average load
3. the transformator grouping method based on load characteristic analysis according to claim 2, is characterized in that:Described step 3 extraction transformer load feature is specially:The annual load factor of one transformator, load factor fluctuation and load factor trend Computing formula is respectively:
(1) annual load factorDay_fjIt is the per day load factor in jth sky;
(2) load factor fluctuation
(3) calculating of load factor trend is divided into two steps:
The first step:Calculate the monthly average load factor in each month:Wherein mlFor the l month Natural law;
Second step:Fitting a straight line is carried out with the monthly average load factor of the 1-12 month, obtains the slope of this straight line, as load factor trend
Wherein
Calculate the characteristic index value of all transformators, form feature samples collection.
4. the transformator grouping method based on load characteristic analysis according to claim 3, is characterized in that:Described step 4 feature samples collection is standardized for:
Each characteristic index is standardized, standardization formula is as follows:
Annual load factor after standardizationWherein
Load factor fluctuation after standardizationWherein
Load factor trend after standardizationWherein
5. the transformator grouping method based on load characteristic analysis according to claim 1, is characterized in that:Described step 4 transformer load k-medoids cluster point group comprises following sub-step:
S4.1:Randomly choose k transformator as the initial central point of cluster point group, each central point represents a point of group;
S4.2:After k central point is selected, the transformator of remaining n-k non-central point be grouped into from this point nearest choose change Point group representated by depressor;
I.e.:If num_j is the transformator of a non-central point, num_i is a central point, and d (num_i, num_j) is Num_j and all k central point distance minimums, then num_j belongs to point group representated by num_i;
S4.3:To each central point num_i, in being replaced originally with the transformator num_h of each non-central point in this point of group Heart point num_i, calculates its total cost S=current_cost-past_cost, and wherein current_cost represents non-central point Transformator num_h replace original central point num_i after, redistribute minute group that non-central point arrives nearest central point place, Calculate non-central point to affiliated minute group center's point apart from summation;Past_cost represents that the transformator num_h of non-central point replaces Originally before central point num_i, non-central point to affiliated minute group center's point apart from summation;
S4.4:If replacing its total cost S of original central point num_i to have less than 0 in the transformator num_h of all non-central points Exist, then find out total cost S minimum one, and replace corresponding central point originally with the transformator of this non-central point, formed K new central point;
S4.5:Repeat step S4.3, S4.4 replaces original central point num_i's until the transformator num_h of all non-central points Total cost S is all higher than 0.
6. the transformator grouping method based on load characteristic analysis according to claim 5, is characterized in that:Described step 5 are specially:Respectively the annual load factor of each point of group, load factor are fluctuated and three characteristic indexs of load factor trend, draw Probability density figure, analyzes annual load factor, load factor fluctuation and these three features of load factor trend of each point of group further The distribution situation of the transformator under index.
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