CN104313347B - A kind of nickel minerals smelting furnace and melting technology - Google Patents
A kind of nickel minerals smelting furnace and melting technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN104313347B CN104313347B CN201410568595.0A CN201410568595A CN104313347B CN 104313347 B CN104313347 B CN 104313347B CN 201410568595 A CN201410568595 A CN 201410568595A CN 104313347 B CN104313347 B CN 104313347B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of nickel minerals smelting furnace and melting technology, comprise body of heater, it is characterized in that body of heater is made up of upper furnace body and lower furnace body, described lower furnace body is detachably connected on the below of described upper furnace body; The sidewall of lower furnace body is interval with slag outlet and molten steel outlet, molten steel outlet is positioned at the below of described slag outlet; Upper furnace body comprises packing area and is positioned at the smelting zone below packing area; Flame retardant coating is provided with in the furnace wall of smelting zone; Have gap between flame retardant coating and furnace wall, this gap forms plenum duct, and the top of plenum duct is provided with the inlet mouth be connected with extraneous source of the gas; The bottom of plenum duct is evenly equipped with multiple induction pipe along plenum duct circumferential direction, and the inlet mouth of these induction pipes is communicated with plenum duct, and the air outlet of induction pipe is communicated with the inner chamber of described upper furnace body; The medullary ray of each induction pipe becomes 5-10 ° of angle with horizontal plane; The top of upper furnace body is provided with charging opening; The top of upper furnace body is provided with smoke outlet.Long service life of the present invention, energy consumption is low, and in molten steel, nickel yield is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nickel minerals smelting furnace and melting technology.
Background technology
Nickel is a kind of precious metal, and its purposes is very extensive, and space flight, aviation, navigation, national defence, scientific research, industry, agricultural, medical treatment, automobile, iron and steel and the every profession and trade such as civilian lack can't do without it.The acquisition of current nickel is mainly extracted from nickel minerals.
The melting of current nickel minerals mainly contains electric furnace smelting process, and its smelting furnace used comprises body of heater, and in body of heater inner chamber, central position is provided with calrod, is dispelled the heat towards periphery by calrod, the nickel minerals in melting furnace chamber.Electric furnace is generally larger, and one-time pad amount is minimum at 10 tons of nickel minerals, but adopts electrosmelting, and energy consumption is high, causes production cost high; Not only particularly the work-ing life of electric furnace liner is shorter, is usually no more than two months, affects quality product but also can strengthen production cost further.Meanwhile, also there is the shortcomings such as product foreign matter content is high, composition is unstable, nickel yield is low in electrosmelting, and adopt other melting method in electric furnace and even prior art at present, in the product obtained, the content of nickel is up to 10.5%;
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of smelting furnace long service life for the present situation of prior art and the high nickel minerals smelting furnace of good product quality, nickel yield.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention provides for the present situation of prior art the nickel minerals melting technology that a kind of stable operation cycle length, good product quality, nickel yield are high.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme: this nickel minerals smelting furnace, comprises body of heater, and it is characterized in that described body of heater is made up of upper furnace body and lower furnace body, described lower furnace body is detachably connected on the below of described upper furnace body;
The sidewall of described lower furnace body is interval with slag outlet and molten steel outlet, molten steel outlet is positioned at the below of described slag outlet;
Described upper furnace body comprises packing area and is positioned at the smelting zone below packing area; Flame retardant coating is provided with in the furnace wall of described smelting zone; Have gap between described flame retardant coating and furnace wall, this gap forms plenum duct, and the top of described plenum duct is provided with the inlet mouth be connected with extraneous source of the gas;
The bottom of described plenum duct is evenly equipped with multiple induction pipe along plenum duct circumferential direction, and the inlet mouth of these induction pipes is communicated with described plenum duct, and the air outlet of induction pipe is communicated with the inner chamber of described upper furnace body;
The medullary ray of each described induction pipe becomes 5-10 ° of angle with horizontal plane;
The top of described upper furnace body is provided with charging opening; The top of described upper furnace body is provided with smoke outlet.
Preferably, the medullary ray of each described induction pipe becomes 6.5-7.5 ° of angle with horizontal plane; Better, the medullary ray of each described induction pipe becomes 7 ° of angles with horizontal plane.
Preferably, described flame retardant coating ecto-entad comprises the first refractory lining, the second refractory lining and the 3rd refractory lining successively, wherein the first refractory lining is made up of aluminium silicate wool, and the second refractory lining adopts mullite brick to form, and the 3rd refractory lining adopts corundum brick to form; Further, the thickness of described flame retardant coating is 1:4-15 with the ratio of described body of heater internal diameter, and the Thickness Ratio of described 3rd refractory lining and described second refractory lining is 1:0.8-3.0, and the Thickness Ratio of described 3rd refractory lining and described first refractory lining is 4-6:1.This fire-resistant layer structure can tolerate the high temperature of 1800 DEG C, and long service life.
Conveniently feed in raw material, and material can be made evenly to be scattered, hopper can be provided with on described charging opening, in described upper furnace body, be provided with the material sparger be connected with described charging opening.
The conveniently docking of lower furnace body and upper furnace body, the bottom of described lower furnace body is provided with roller; Described upper furnace body is seated on described lower furnace body, and the sidewall of described lower furnace body is provided with supporting plate, and described supporting plate connects the pressure pin of screw block.
As the improvement of above-mentioned each scheme, described smoke outlet can connect dust removal installation by pipeline, and the venting port of described dust removal installation connects the preheating oven being used for preheating nickel minerals by pipeline.
Preferably, described preheating oven can have two, is used alternatingly.
As improvement, can be combustion chamber in the bottom of described preheating oven, the top of preheating oven be filled with accumulation of heat porcelain ball; There are two entrances described combustion chamber, and wherein the first entrance connects venting port, the second entrance connecting fan; And the connecting tube of the first entrance and the second entrance is equipped with valve;
Top or the top of described preheating oven are provided with hot air outlet, and this hot air outlet connects nickel minerals preheating chamber by pipeline.Accumulation of heat porcelain ball effectively can avoid calorific loss, and can be heated to higher temperature; After the heating of accumulation of heat porcelain ball, import in preheating chamber by gas blower by the heat in preheating oven, the nickel minerals in heating preheating chamber, flow process can be made to carry out continuously, and nickel minerals can be placed in charging vehicle or loading hopper in advance, facilitates the transport of nickel minerals.
Use the nickel minerals melting method of above-mentioned nickel minerals smelting furnace, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) described lower furnace body and described upper furnace body are separated, fill out coke lower furnace body is in-built, light the coke in lower furnace body;
2) described lower furnace body is pushed into the below of described upper furnace body, start screw block, lower furnace body is docked with upper furnace body, simultaneously by charging opening to charging in upper furnace body;
In upper furnace body, add coke and nickel minerals mixture, alternately pile up by one deck coke, one deck nickel minerals mixture, orlop is coke layer; The weight ratio of every coke charge charcoal and every layer of nickel minerals mixture is 1:2.5-4;
3) in plenum duct, send into air from inlet mouth by gas blower, air in plenum duct after preheating through entering smelting zone by induction pipe, the air quantity controlling to enter smelting zone is 150-180m
3/ hour, blast is 18-20MPa; Coke burning in upper furnace body; Homo(io)thermism in smelting zone is at 1600-1750 DEG C;
In body of heater, the coke gas produced that burns is discharged via smoke outlet, enters dust removal installation except dust, then imports combustion chamber combustion, joins in smelting furnace after nickel minerals mixture is preheating to 300-400 DEG C by the heat of generation; The flue gas produced enters downstream unit to carry out processing rear emptying;
Molten steel after melting and slag AUTOMATIC ZONING under self gravitation effect, wherein slag is discharged in the slag outlet of lower furnace body, and molten steel is discharged from molten steel outlet.
In above-mentioned each scheme, the protecting wall structure of upper furnace body packing section and lower furnace body can select prior art as required.
Compared with prior art, nickel minerals smelting furnace provided by the present invention, can separate upper furnace body and lower furnace body and load coke on lower furnace body, facilitate ignition operation; And the design good heat resistance of smelting zone body of heater, long service life; Especially the design of smelting zone plenum duct, can not only send into air in smelting zone, helps the burning of coke in smelting zone; And the air entered in plenum duct can take away the heat of a part of flame retardant coating, thus reduce flame retardant coating material requirements, enter air in plenum duct simultaneously and be more conducive to the burning of coke in smelting zone, the convenient smelting temperature kept in smelting zone after heating.
Melting technology provided by the present invention, in the molten steel obtained, nickel content reaches 13%, improves 2.5 percentage points compared with the yield of nickel in prior art the highest 10.5%, that is melting one ton of nickel minerals, and income adds 3500 yuan; And energy consumption of the present invention is low, the scale of smelting furnace is changeable, flexible, practical.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of smelting furnace in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the positive apparent direction of lower furnace body in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the sectional view of upper furnace body smelting zone in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the assembling schematic diagram of induction pipe and plenum duct in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of upper furnace body packing area in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the vertical view of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of preheating oven in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the smelting system schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of preheating oven and preheating chamber in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figures 1 to 10, in the present embodiment, operating speed nickel minerals smelting furnace comprises:
Body of heater 1, it is characterized in that described body of heater 1 is made up of upper furnace body 11 and lower furnace body 12, described lower furnace body 12 is detachably connected on the below of described upper furnace body 11;
The sidewall of described lower furnace body 12 is interval with slag outlet 121 and molten steel outlet 122, and molten steel outlet 122 is positioned at the top of described slag outlet 121;
The smelting zone 112 that upper furnace body 11 comprises packing area 111 and is positioned at below packing area 111.
The top of upper furnace body is provided with charging opening 118.Charging opening 118 is provided with hopper 2, is provided with the material sparger 3 be connected with charging opening in upper furnace body 11.The present embodiment is provided with feeding track 4 on the side of smelting furnace, and the lower end of feeding track supports on the ground, and the upper end of feeding track connects hopper entrance by unloading coal channel 41; Feeding trolley 42 can be walked on feeding track, thus coke and nickel minerals is transported to and unloads in coal channel 41, and material enters in hopper 2 along unloading coal channel 41 landing, and then is evenly scattered in upper furnace body 11 by material sparger 3.
The sidewall of upper furnace body is also provided with the vision slit 13 for observing condition in furnace chamber.The top of upper furnace body is provided with smoke outlet 110.
Smoke outlet 110 connects dust removal installation 5 by pipeline, and dust removal installation is prior art, and the venting port of dust removal installation 5 connects the preheating oven 6 being used for preheating nickel minerals by pipeline.
The furnace wall of smelting zone 112 is the hollow structure closed be made up of stainless steel plate, and its cavity is the plenum duct 116 of the present embodiment.Its longitudinal sectional structure is ring structure, and the inside reflexed of inside and outside layer steel plate bottom it, form hollow step 14, step 14 is provided with flame retardant coating.The top of furnace wall is provided with the inlet mouth 119 being communicated with plenum duct 116 and extraneous source of the gas.
Along the circumferential direction be evenly equipped with multiple induction pipe 117 in the inner chamber of step, the inlet mouth of these induction pipes 117 is communicated with plenum duct 116, and the air outlet of induction pipe 117 is communicated with the inner chamber of upper furnace body.
Contriver has done lot of experiments in the wind-guiding direction to induction pipe, and find that induction pipe and horizontal vergence direction have a significant impact Melting Quality, especially molten steel output difference is very large.Filter out induction pipe medullary ray to become with the angle of horizontal plane during 5-10 ° to obtain more satisfactory melting result; More preferably 6.5-7.5 °, the present embodiment selects most preferred angle to be 7 °.Each test-results is shown in Table 1.In the present embodiment, the inlet mouth of each induction pipe is tapered cut, to make air intake more smooth and easy.
In the present embodiment, the ora terminalis of each induction pipe exit end is welded on the sidewall of step, and the entrance end of induction pipe is welded on the outer side wall of furnace wall and the steel plate of step transition location respectively, forms inlet mouth of cutting sth. askew.
Flame retardant coating inwall equal together with the interior ora terminalis of step.The present embodiment flame retardant coating ecto-entad comprises the first refractory lining 113, second refractory lining 114 and the 3rd refractory lining 115 successively, wherein the first refractory lining 113 is made up of aluminium silicate wool, second refractory lining 114 adopts mullite brick to form, and the 3rd refractory lining 115 adopts corundum brick to form.
In the present embodiment, the internal diameter of upper furnace body is 1.6 meters, and the thickness of plenum duct, the first and second refractory linings is respectively 15 centimetres, and the thickness of the 3rd refractory lining is 3 centimetres.
The structure of lower furnace body is state of the art, and the bottom of lower furnace body is provided with roller 123; Described upper furnace body is seated on described lower furnace body, and the sidewall of described lower furnace body is provided with supporting plate 124, and described supporting plate connects the pressure pin of screw block.
In the present embodiment, preheating oven has two, connects side by side, is used alternatingly.The bottom of preheating oven is combustion chamber 6, and the top of preheating oven is filled with accumulation of heat porcelain ball 62; There are two entrances described combustion chamber, and wherein the first entrance 63 connects smoke outlet 110, the second entrance 64 connecting fan; And the connecting tube of the first entrance and the second entrance is equipped with valve 65;
The top of preheating oven or top are provided with hot air outlet 66, and this hot air outlet connects nickel minerals preheating chamber 8 by pipeline.
Use the nickel minerals melting method of above-mentioned nickel minerals smelting furnace, comprise the steps:
1) described lower furnace body 12 and described upper furnace body 11 are separated, fill out coke lower furnace body 12 is in-built, light the coke in lower furnace body;
2) described lower furnace body is pushed into the below of described upper furnace body, starts screw block, lower furnace body is docked with upper furnace body, pass through charging opening 118 to charging in upper furnace body simultaneously;
In upper furnace body, add the nickel minerals mixture that coke and preheated temperature are 300-400 DEG C, alternately pile up by one deck coke, one deck nickel minerals mixture, orlop is coke layer; The weight ratio of every coke charge charcoal and every layer of nickel minerals mixture is 1:2.5-4; The weight of the present embodiment coke layer is 125 kilograms, and the weight of nickel minerals mixture is 450 kilograms.Nickel minerals mixture is the mixture of nickel minerals and limestone mine, and both weight ratios are 8:1.
3) in plenum duct 116, send into air from inlet mouth by gas blower, air in plenum duct after preheating through entering smelting zone by induction pipe 117, the air quantity controlling to enter smelting zone is 150-180m
3/ hour, blast is 18-20MPa; Coke burning in upper furnace body; Homo(io)thermism in smelting zone 112 is at 1600-1750 DEG C; The present embodiment is 1600-1650 DEG C.
Molten steel after melting and slag AUTOMATIC ZONING under self gravitation effect, wherein slag is discharged in the slag outlet 121 of lower furnace body, and molten steel is discharged from molten steel outlet 122.
The flue gas that in body of heater, coke burning produces is discharged via smoke outlet, enter dust removal installation 5 except dust, then the combustion chamber combustion of the first preheating oven is imported, the accumulation of heat porcelain ball of the heat heating top that smoke combustion produces, after accumulation of heat porcelain ball is heated to 700-1000 DEG C, close the first entrance of the first preheating oven, open the second entrance of the first preheating oven, air blast in the first preheating oven.The heat of accumulation of heat porcelain ball is taken away by air and is imported in preheating chamber, the nickel minerals mixture in heating preheating chamber.After nickel minerals mixture is heated to 300-400 DEG C, delivers to hopper 2 via feeding trolley 42 along feeding track 4, be filled in furnace chamber.
While the first entrance of closedown first preheating oven, open the first entrance of the second preheating oven, the flue gas produced in being produced by smelting furnace imports in the second preheating oven, heats the accumulation of heat porcelain ball in the second preheating oven.First preheating oven and the second preheating oven are used alternatingly, and the preheating of nickel minerals mixture can be carried out continuously, thus the melting of nickel minerals in smelting furnace is carried out continuously.
The waste gas that flue gas produces after preheating oven combustion enter vulcanization bed 7 carry out pulp water be separated and desulfurization process after emptying.Exhaust gas treating method is same as the prior art.
After molten steel condenses into block, use the nickel content in spectrograph detection molten steel.After the melting of different angles induction pipe, in molten steel, the content of nickel is 13%.
Smelt calculating in 24 hours by 100 tons of nickel minerals every day, the present embodiment is smelted 100 tons of nickel minerals and is expended 31.55 tons, coke, coke price 37860; Recovered flue gas 3600m3 is 3960 yuan.That is, the price of smelting 100 tons of nickel minerals is 33900.
Electrosmelting 100 tons of nickel minerals power consumptions 52742 degree of electricity are 36919 yuan.
The present embodiment is smelted 100 tons of nickel minerals and is saved more than 3000 yuan.
And nickel content often improves one percentage point in matallurgical products, price per ton improves 1400 yuan, and nickel content of the present invention is 13%, is up to 10.5%, improves 2.5% in prior art, amounts to 3500 yuan.100 tons of ore deposits can melt out 10 tons of molten steel, make a profit 35000 yuan.Economic benefit highly significant.
The relation of table 1 induction pipe angle and the steel-smelting water yield
| Induction pipe angle (°) | Molten steel amount/every 100 nickel minerals mixtures (ton) |
| 3 | 8.5 |
| 4 | 9 |
| 5 | 9.5 |
| 6 | 10 |
| 7 | 10.5 |
| 8 | 10 |
| 9 | 9.5 |
| 10 | 9 |
| 11 | 8.5 |
Claims (10)
1. a nickel minerals smelting furnace, comprise body of heater (1), it is characterized in that described body of heater (1) is made up of upper furnace body (11) and lower furnace body (12), described lower furnace body (12) is detachably connected on the below of described upper furnace body (11);
The sidewall of described lower furnace body (12) is interval with slag outlet (121) and molten steel outlet (122), molten steel outlet (122) is positioned at the below of described slag outlet (121);
Described upper furnace body 11 comprises packing area (111) and is positioned at the smelting zone (112) of below, packing area (111); Flame retardant coating is provided with in the furnace wall of described smelting zone (112); Have gap between described flame retardant coating and furnace wall, this gap forms plenum duct (116), and the top of described plenum duct is provided with the inlet mouth be connected with extraneous source of the gas;
The bottom of described plenum duct is evenly equipped with multiple induction pipe (117) along plenum duct circumferential direction, the inlet mouth of these induction pipes (117) is communicated with described plenum duct (116), and the air outlet of induction pipe (117) is communicated with the inner chamber of described upper furnace body;
The medullary ray of each described induction pipe becomes 5-10 ° of angle with horizontal plane;
The top of described upper furnace body is provided with charging opening (118); The top of described upper furnace body is provided with smoke outlet (110).
2. nickel minerals smelting furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that the medullary ray of each described induction pipe becomes 6.5-7.5 ° of angle with horizontal plane.
3. nickel minerals smelting furnace according to claim 2, is characterized in that the medullary ray of each described induction pipe becomes 7 ° of angles with horizontal plane.
4. the nickel minerals smelting furnace according to the arbitrary claim of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that described flame retardant coating ecto-entad comprises the first refractory lining (113), the second refractory lining (114) and the 3rd refractory lining (115) successively, wherein the first refractory lining (113) is made up of aluminium silicate wool, second refractory lining (114) adopts mullite brick to form, and the 3rd refractory lining (115) adopts corundum brick to form; Further, the thickness of described flame retardant coating is 1:4-15 with the ratio of described body of heater internal diameter, and the Thickness Ratio of described 3rd refractory lining and described second refractory lining is 1:0.8-3.0, and the Thickness Ratio of described 3rd refractory lining and described first refractory lining is 4-6:1.
5. nickel minerals smelting furnace according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described charging opening (118) is provided with hopper (2), in described upper furnace body (11), be provided with the material sparger (3) be connected with described charging opening.
6. nickel minerals smelting furnace according to claim 5, is characterized in that the bottom of described lower furnace body is provided with roller (123); Described upper furnace body is seated on described lower furnace body, and the sidewall of described lower furnace body is provided with supporting plate (124), and described supporting plate connects the pressure pin of screw block.
7. nickel minerals smelting furnace according to claim 6, it is characterized in that described smoke outlet (110) connects dust removal installation (5) by pipeline, the venting port of described dust removal installation (5) connects the preheating oven (6) being used for preheating nickel minerals by pipeline.
8. nickel minerals smelting furnace according to claim 7, is characterized in that described preheating oven (6) has two, is used alternatingly.
9. nickel minerals smelting furnace according to claim 8, it is characterized in that the bottom of described preheating oven is combustion chamber (6), the top of preheating oven is filled with accumulation of heat porcelain ball (62); There are two entrances described combustion chamber, and wherein the first entrance (63) connects smoke outlet (110), the second entrance (64) connecting fan; And the connecting tube of the first entrance and the second entrance is equipped with valve (65);
The top of described preheating oven or top are provided with hot air outlet (66), and this hot air outlet connects nickel minerals preheating chamber (8) by pipeline.
10. use the nickel minerals melting method of nickel minerals smelting furnace as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) described lower furnace body (12) is separated with described upper furnace body (11), fill out coke lower furnace body (12) is in-built, light the coke in lower furnace body;
2) described lower furnace body is pushed into the below of described upper furnace body, starts screw block, lower furnace body is docked with upper furnace body, pass through charging opening (118) to charging in upper furnace body simultaneously;
In upper furnace body, add coke and nickel minerals mixture, alternately pile up by one deck coke, one deck nickel minerals mixture, orlop is coke layer; The weight ratio of every coke charge charcoal and every layer of nickel minerals mixture is 1:2.5-4;
3) by gas blower from inlet mouth to plenum duct (116) in send into air, air in plenum duct after preheating through entering smelting zone by induction pipe (117), the air quantity controlling to enter smelting zone is 150-180m
3/ hour, blast is 18-20MPa; Coke burning in upper furnace body; Homo(io)thermism in smelting zone (112) is at 1600-1750 DEG C;
In body of heater, the coke gas produced that burns is discharged via smoke outlet, enter dust removal installation (5) except dust, then import combustion chamber (6) combustion, join in smelting furnace after nickel minerals mixture is preheating to 300-400 DEG C by the heat of generation; The flue gas produced enters downstream unit to carry out processing rear emptying;
Molten steel after melting and slag AUTOMATIC ZONING under self gravitation effect, wherein slag is discharged in the slag outlet (121) of lower furnace body, and molten steel is discharged from molten steel outlet (122).
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| CN102690958A (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2012-09-26 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Nickel-cobalt smelting furnace and nickel-cobalt smelting process |
| CN204325457U (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-05-13 | 陈宗毓 | A kind of nickel minerals smelting furnace |
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| CN102690958A (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2012-09-26 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Nickel-cobalt smelting furnace and nickel-cobalt smelting process |
| CN204325457U (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-05-13 | 陈宗毓 | A kind of nickel minerals smelting furnace |
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