CN104313344A - Environmental-friendly method for smelting and upcasting of electrical copper rod from low-grade copper - Google Patents
Environmental-friendly method for smelting and upcasting of electrical copper rod from low-grade copper Download PDFInfo
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- CN104313344A CN104313344A CN201410603604.5A CN201410603604A CN104313344A CN 104313344 A CN104313344 A CN 104313344A CN 201410603604 A CN201410603604 A CN 201410603604A CN 104313344 A CN104313344 A CN 104313344A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of copper processing, and provides an environmental-friendly method for smelting and upcasting of an electrical copper rod from low-grade copper. In an existing independent oxidoreduction furnace and a comprehensive smoke treatment system thereof, the optimum level of dust in the smoke exhausted due to smelting of scrap copper reaches 30 mg/m<3>, but 80-95% of dust is fine particulate matters with the PM being 2.5, and contains dioxin with more serious toxicity, which does not conform to the increasingly strict requirements on concentration of the fine particulate matters. According to the method, smelting and upcasting of the electrical copper rod by the equipment including a shaft furnace and adopting low-grade copper material is made into possible, the advantage of high efficiency of the shaft furnace is brought into full play, and capacity for smelting and upcasting of the electrical copper rod is improved; according to the comprehensive smoke treatment system and the complete technology provided by the method, in the industrial waste gas exhausted due to smelting and upcasting of the electrical copper rod from the low-grade copper material, the concentration of dust is lower than 0.500 mg/m<3>, and dioxin cannot be detected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to copper processing techniques field, is the environment protection method drawing electrician's copper bar on a kind of low-grade copper is smelted.
Background technology
On the one hand, though heavy metal smelting smoke dust controlling exhaust pollution is through effort extremely hard and bitter in a large number, achieve significant progress, in copper reverberatory furnace smelting smoke dust, dust concentration reaches 30mg/m
3, be better than GB907-1996 regulation Copper making reverberatory furnace dust lower than 200mg/m
3standard value.But existing result of study shows to reach 30mg/m in dust concentration
3flue dust in 80 ~ 95% be PM2.5 fine particle.
On the other hand, since nearly two more than ten years, Copper fabrication in China every year with double-digit speed increment, Copper fabrication product plays an increasingly important role in Chinese national economy and high-tech sector, but the bottleneck of restriction China Copper fabrication industry development is the raw-material shortage of high-purity copper, China's copper ore concentrates natural resources shortage, from copper scap, recycled copper, the copper material of regenerating high purity is inevitable selection, but enter the unavoidable mixed flame retardant etc. containing plastics, brominated aromatic hydrocarbons in the copper scap of stove, recycled copper, therefore smelt copper scap, recycled copper can produce dioxin.The generation of dioxin will be propagated by the catalysis ， dioxin containing metal ion fine particles such as Cu and is attached on PM2.5 fine particle.Up to the present, yet there are no the research and development of the emission-reduction technology of copper reverberatory furnace smelting smoke dust Zhong dioxin.
Well-known PM2.5 directly enters deep lung, produces important harm to human life health.About PM2.5, national standard " ambient air quality " GB3095-2012 particulate matter (particle diameter is less than or equal to 2.5 μm) specifies 24 hour average concentration 35 μ g/m
3for one-level, 75 μ g/m
3for secondary, standard came into effect from January 1st, 2016.But the situation is tense for the existing Air quality of China, higher than 75 μ g/m
3the weather of slight pollution, intermediate pollution, serious pollution, severe contamination happens occasionally.Dioxin is highly toxic substance, larger to the harm of human body.Therefore, relative to the optimum level of existing low-grade copper reverberatory furnace smelting smoke dust process, to the low-grade copper raw material containing one of recycled copper, copper scap, the process costs and time that draw electrician's copper bar are melted in the production capacity, the electrolysis of minimizing positive plate that improve smelting high-quality electrician copper bar again, to energy-saving and emission-reduction, there is active effect, and research and development significantly reduce PM2.5 discharge in flue dust concentration, significantly cut down dioxin concentration simultaneously and even eliminate the method that dioxin produces, there is great social benefit.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to adopt reverberatory furnace to add the airborne release dust content 30mg/m of flue dust treatment system optimum for prior art
3but wherein 80 ~ 95% are PM2.5 fine particle and melt the present situation containing there is dioxin in copper scap low-grade copper raw material flue dust, invent a kind of method to make to adopt low cost equipment smelting high-quality electrician copper bar to become possibility, improve the throughput of smelting high-purity electrician copper bar, alleviate the bottleneck of China's Copper fabrication development, significantly cut down the concentration of fine particle in the waste gas of discharge simultaneously, eliminate dioxin.
A kind of low-grade copper of the present invention smelts the environment protection method drawing electrician's copper bar, smelting equipment comprise a shaft furnace, at least two tundish, tundish muff, at least two oxidized stills, at least two reduction furnaces and on draw equipment, a set of flue dust total system, it is characterized in that:
Copper content 60wt% total in low-grade copper raw material and more than, low-grade copper is at least one of following raw materials according: recycled copper, copper scap, the secondary blister copper smelted by copper scap, the blister copper smelted by copper matte regulus;
The combustion gas controlling shaft furnace is reductibility, the burner of tundish is reductibility, reduction furnace combustion gas is reductibility, the combustion gas of oxidized still is oxidisability, and shaft furnace flue dust enters reduction furnace respectively by its utilidor, high temperature blower; Reduction furnace flue dust enters bottom shaft furnace respectively by its utilidor, high temperature blower part, and part enters the oxidized still matched with it; Oxidized still flue dust by its utilidor, enter qualified discharge after flue dust main pipeline, flue dust total system; This flue dust main pipeline outside weld tracheae, good lagging material is housed outside tracheae, at least two kinds of tracheaes utilize the high-temperature smoke flow through in this flue dust main pipeline to heat air, the empty nitrogen divided respectively, preheated air distributes to by control that shaft furnace burner is combustion-supporting, oxidized still burner is combustion-supporting, reduction furnace burner is combustion-supporting, pre-hot nitrogen passes into the even spray apparatus of gas just in the reduction furnace of reduction process by security solenoid valve, evenly enter copper melt pond, accelerate the reduction of copper melt; Pass into the even spray apparatus of gas just in the oxidized still of oxidising process containing the empty oxygen rich gas of oxygen that divides by security solenoid valve, evenly enter copper melt pond, accelerate the oxidising process of low-grade copper liquation;
Shaft furnace fusing low-grade copper, the temperature of whole shaft furnace stock column is monitored from top to bottom by sensor, consider that reduction furnace combustion gas enters the impact bottom shaft furnace, by the air of multiple shaft furnace burner and the adjustment of fuel quantity supply, realize the lapse of temperature from top to bottom of whole stock column, and only melt bottom stock column, the burner being responsible for melting bottom stock column at shaft furnace forms cyclic high-temperature gas-flow, this cyclic high-temperature gas-flow is reductibility, bottom continuous fusing low-grade copper stock column, stock column is constantly descending, require to add new low-grade copper packing material block according to low-grade copper furnace run at the top of shaft furnace, maintain whole stock column height substantially constant, and this cyclic high-temperature gas-flow sweeps along a low-grade copper liquation tiltedly descending journey, then turn back above copper melt stream, cyclic high-temperature gas-flow is left in the combustion gas that wherein part is turned back on the one hand, then along shaft furnace stock column up one section, and by shaft furnace utilidor, high temperature blower enters reduction furnace respectively, the burner that the amount that this part turns back combustion gas is responsible for melting bottom stock column by shaft furnace constantly supplements to cyclic high-temperature gas-flow, on the other hand after low-grade copper liquation and cyclic high-temperature gas jet separation by inertia through the path of the shortest high temperature, the tundish entering preheating, the copper melt insulation that tundish preheating is responsible for by row's burner, relay cyclic high-temperature gas-flow melts shaft furnace is descended most at shaft furnace, control the temperature of this cyclic high-temperature gas-flow, tundish the temperature of reductibility combustion gas at 1120 ~ 1400 DEG C, and two temperature increase along with the reduction of copper content in raw material, tundish muff is had outside tundish, when the copper melt in this tundish reaches its rated capacity, reduce the fuel of burner and the supply of air of cyclic high-temperature gas-flow, this cyclic high-temperature gas-flow is lowered the temperature, suspend the fusing bottom shaft furnace stock column, improve the temperature of tundish copper melt, open tundish muff, be separated bottom tundish and shaft furnace, by mobile tundish to oxidized still, skim, and pour the copper melt in tundish into oxidized still, clear up the slag of tundish bottom afterwards, the oxidation of dry oxygen rich gas is passed at oxidized still middle-low grade liquation, spray carbon granule steams zinc, phosphor-copper is de-plumbous, fluorite and lime dearsenification, antimony and tin, complete oxidising process, then by Pai Tongkou that oxidized still is reserved, add a cover thermal insulation chute and cupric oxide liquation is transported to reduction furnace, copper melt passes into drying nitrogen, carbon granule completes reduction process, afterwards insulation and on draw electrician's copper bar, simultaneously, after this tundish is separated with shaft furnace, another tundish is engaged with bottom shaft furnace, close tundish muff outside tundish, when temperature in tundish reaches requirement 1120 ~ 1400 DEG C of scopes, control this cyclic high-temperature gas-flow, restart bottom fusing shaft furnace stock column, until this tundish reaches its specified copper melt amount, suspend the fusing of shaft furnace low-grade copper stock column again, improve the temperature of this tundish copper melt, remove this tundish, the bottom of continuous melting low-grade copper raw material stock column like this, respectively at different oxidized still oxidation low-grade copper liquation, reduce at different reduction furnaces respectively, insulation is drawn electrician's copper bar, flameless combustion mode taked by oxidized still burner, reduction furnace burner, flameless combustion mode taked by oxidized still burner, reduction furnace burner.Control shaft furnace gas blower, reduction furnace gas blower, flue dust total system frequency modulation blower fan stop shaft furnace flue dust, reduction furnace flue dust, oxidized still flue dust uncontrollable discharge and escape;
Flue dust total system is made up of whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator, flue dust thermoswitch, sack cleaner, wet desulphurization denitrating tower, the strainer that drenches with rain, frequency modulation blower fan, sewage flocculation settling tank;
Shaft furnace flue dust utilidor and the shaft furnace joint height bottom shaft furnace accounts for the half of whole shaft furnace height to 2/3rds, gap more than this joint, between shaft furnace inwall and the low-grade copper raw material added from top is less than the gap between the following shaft furnace inwall in this joint and shaft furnace stock column, escapes from shaft furnace top by stopping shaft furnace flue dust to the control of shaft furnace high temperature blower; Shaft furnace flue dust enters reduction furnace burner combustion certainly, part former shaft furnace flue dust enters oxidized still burner combustion and then enters the comprehensive total system of flue dust, the former shaft furnace flue dust of part also reenters shaft furnace with reduction furnace flue dust, reenter reduction furnace, reenters oxidized still etc., shaft furnace flue dust at least experiences higher than 850 DEG C, more than 6s in this process, wherein experiences more than 1120 DEG C more than temperature 4s;
The flue dust temperature when entering whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator controlling to discharge from oxidized still is 500 DEG C ~ 550 DEG C, on the one hand, the flue dust entrance bypass of this whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator enters the dry freezing air of high pressure, with flue dust abundant combination cooling rapidly, drive flue dust mixed gas high speed rotating simultaneously, in the moving process upwards of rotation limit, limit, flue dust mixed gas forces high speed heat-shift with the metallic conduit of logical water coolant in whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator again, by regulating temperature and the gas velocity of dry freezing air, regulate temperature and the flow velocity of the water coolant led in metallic conduit, make flue dust mixed gas in 0.2s, drop to 195 DEG C ~ 200 DEG C, on the other hand, particulate matter large in flue dust mixed gas under the influence of centrifugal force limit rotation limit enters the hopper of whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator downwards, is automatically cleared when large particulate matter reaches a certain amount of by viewing window, logical water-cooled tube pipeline outer wall in whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator keeps clean by low frequency acoustic wave soot blower, efficient high-speed and flue dust mixed gas heat-shift,
Subsequently, flue dust mixed gas enters flue dust thermoswitch, by detecting the temperature of flue dust mixed gas in advance, take dry freezing air, the preheating of flue dust main pipeline part dry air to regulate the temperature of flue dust mixed gas, make its before leaving sack cleaner temperature higher than the dew point of flue dust mixed gas;
The wet desulphurization denitrating tower that flue dust mixed gas is come in and gone out through the control flue dust mixed gas that tower surface is airtight, enter its strainer that drenches with rain of coming in and going out of airtight control, strainer flue dust mixed gas movement velocity of just having entered to drench with rain reduces more than at least 50% immediately, the strainer that drenches with rain spray raindrop amount is at least 200mm/h, and speed speed before contact deluge device base plate of spray raindrop reaches 1.0m/s ~ 5.0m/s; The strainer that drenches with rain is made up of multiple lattice, often between adjacent two lattice, most of area is separated by dividing plate, filtering net is provided with in the general orientation of flue dust mixed gas motion, the single lattice end, flue dust mixed gas enters next lattice through filtering net, the 180 ° of changes of flue dust mixed gas motion general orientation, motion like this, repeatedly change direction, flue dust mixed gas, at the processed at least 10min in strainer that drenches with rain, is finally entered air by frequency modulation blower fan; Flue dust mixed gas is in turbulent flow drenching with rain in strainer, adjacent two lattice have flue dust mixed gas switching fabric, ensure that the position of flue dust simulation model for mixing gases flows drenches with rain the position of the upper, middle and lower in single lattice of strainer relatively all the time in change, ensure that flue dust mixed gas is caught in the rain strainer even processing; Filtering net has good filtering function to PM2.5, filtering net does not stop the fine particle having complete rain film strips to walk to retain; Flue dust mixed gas is caught in the rain from high temperature, and strainer sprays low temperature very soon, reach capacity from drying humidity at once in the raindrop of disperse, and the fine particle cohesion be in the flue dust mixed gas under dew point is grown up, and the favourable net that is filtered retains; Finally enter the dust of air lower than 0.500mg/m
3, could not dioxin be detected;
The rainwater of strainer of drenching with rain recycles, regular moisturizing, and regular sewage pumps into sewage flocculation settling tank, and the mud of collection could not detect dioxin, and mud is concentrated subsequently and carried out landfill;
The furnace slag granulating cooling of tundish, oxidized still, reduction furnace, ball milling and physical separation, wet processing, Metallurgical processing afterwards, reclaims valuable metal.
A kind of low-grade copper of the present invention smelts the environment protection method of high-quality positive plate, and oxidized still is one of following type of furnace: reverberatory furnace, rotary kiln, tilting furnace.
A kind of low-grade copper of the present invention smelts the environment protection method of high-quality positive plate, this flue dust total system being applied in except the dust treatment of smelting high-quality positive plate containing low-grade copper raw material on the equipment except shaft furnace, smelting the dust treatment of high-quality positive plate except containing higher-grade copper raw material on the equipment except shaft furnace, entering the dust of air lower than 0.500mg/m after process
3, can not dioxin be detected.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following remarkable superiority:
1. pair low-grade copper, optimum airborne release level smelted by existing reverberatory furnace is 30mg/m
3, but patent of the present invention adopts the low cost smelting equipment containing flue dust total system, and flue dust airborne release dust concentration is better than 0.500mg/m
3; To low-grade copper, the existing invention technology containing shaft furnace can't be smelted in industry, therefore yet there are no in existing Copper making and reports the technology of dust disposal;
2. when containing copper scap, recycled copper in low-grade copper, because being easily mixed into the flame retardant etc. of plastics, brominated aromatic hydrocarbons, existing smelting and dust treatment technology produce dioxin certainly in flue dust, the technology of the present invention makes to be discharged into through flue dust total system of the present invention process the existence eliminating dioxin in the flue dust of air, can't detect dioxin, there is great social benefit;
3. adopt low-grade copper raw material, prior art actually to be smelted, and the present invention can melting continuously, achieves low-grade copper raw material normal smelting high-purity electrician copper bar, first need not smelt in positive plate, again electrolysis, again melting and draw electrician's copper bar, save energy; As 1 shaft furnace, 2 tundish, 4 oxidized stills, 4 reduction furnaces, annual capacity reaches more than 550,000 tons.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The blister copper that the copper scap of raw copper content 60.0wt% and copper matte regulus are smelted, low cost equipment be configured to 1 shaft furnace, 2 tundish, 4 oxidized stills, 4 reduction furnaces and on draw equipment, fuel heavy oil, shaft furnace continuous melting low-grade copper, tundish collects low-grade copper liquation to rated capacity, then the fusing of shaft furnace is suspended, open tundish muff, be separated bottom tundish and shaft furnace, by mobile tundish to oxidized still, skim, and pour the copper melt in tundish into oxidized still, the slag of cleaning tundish bottom, copper melt completes oxidising process in oxidized still, then by the reserved Pai Tongkou of oxidized still, add a cover thermal insulation chute copper melt be transported to reduction furnace, in reduction furnace, complete reduction process, be incubated afterwards and water and cast out high-quality electrician copper bar, meanwhile, after this tundish is separated with shaft furnace, engaged by another tundish with bottom shaft furnace, close tundish muff outside tundish, again the fusing of shaft furnace, the combustion gas of control shaft furnace, tundish, reduction furnace is reductibility, the combustion gas of oxidized still is oxidisability, and shaft furnace flue dust enters reduction furnace respectively by its utilidor, high temperature blower, reduction furnace flue dust enters bottom shaft furnace, partly enter oxidized still supporting with it respectively by its utilidor, high temperature blower part, oxidized still flue dust by its utilidor, enter qualified discharge after flue dust main pipeline, flue dust total system, this flue dust main pipeline outside weld tracheae, good lagging material is housed outside tracheae, at least two kinds of tracheaes utilize the high-temperature smoke flow through in this flue dust main pipeline to heat air, the empty nitrogen divided respectively, preheated air distributes to by control that shaft furnace burner is combustion-supporting, oxidized still burner is combustion-supporting, reduction furnace burner is combustion-supporting, pre-hot nitrogen passes into the even spray apparatus of gas just in the reduction furnace of reduction process by security solenoid valve, evenly enter copper melt pond, accelerate the reduction of copper melt, pass into the even spray apparatus of gas just in the oxidized still of oxidising process containing the empty oxygen rich gas of oxygen that divides by security solenoid valve, evenly enter copper melt pond, accelerate the oxidising process of low-grade copper liquation, shaft furnace fusing low-grade copper, consider that reduction furnace flue dust enters the impact bottom shaft furnace, by the air of multiple shaft furnace burner and the adjustment of fuel quantity supply, realize the lapse of temperature from top to bottom of whole stock column, and only melt bottom stock column, the burner being responsible for melting bottom stock column at shaft furnace forms cyclic high-temperature gas-flow, this cyclic high-temperature gas-flow is reductibility, bottom continuous fusing low-grade copper stock column, stock column is constantly descending, require to add low-grade copper packing material block according to low-grade copper furnace run at the top of shaft furnace, maintain whole stock column height substantially constant, and this cyclic high-temperature gas-flow sweeps along a low-grade copper liquation tiltedly descending journey, then turn back above copper melt stream, cyclic high-temperature gas-flow is left in the combustion gas that wherein part is turned back on the one hand, then along shaft furnace stock column up one section, and by shaft furnace utilidor, high temperature blower enters reduction furnace respectively, the burner that the amount that this part turns back combustion gas is responsible for melting bottom stock column by shaft furnace constantly supplements to cyclic high-temperature gas-flow, on the other hand after low-grade copper liquation and cyclic high-temperature gas jet separation by inertia through the path of the shortest high temperature, the tundish entering preheating, in the copper melt insulation that shaft furnace descends row's burner to be responsible for tundish preheating, relay cyclic high-temperature gas-flow most to melt shaft furnace, control the temperature of this cyclic high-temperature gas-flow, the combustion gas of tundish reductibility temperature at 1400 DEG C, when the copper melt in this tundish reaches its rated capacity, reduce the fuel of burner and the supply of air of cyclic high-temperature gas-flow, make the fusing bottom the cooling of this cyclic high-temperature gas-flow, time-out shaft furnace stock column, improve the temperature of tundish copper melt, open tundish muff, remove this tundish, the bottom of continuous melting low-grade copper raw material stock column like this, respectively at different oxidized still oxidation low-grade copper liquation, respectively at the reduction of different reduction furnaces, insulation casting high-quality electrician copper bar, shaft furnace flue dust experiences 855 DEG C, 6.5s in this process, wherein experiences more than 1130 DEG C temperature 4.3s, the flue dust temperature when entering whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator controlling to go out from redox fire grate is 500 DEG C, on the one hand, the flue dust entrance bypass of this whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator enters the dry freezing air of high pressure, with flue dust abundant combination cooling rapidly, drive flue dust mixed gas high speed rotating simultaneously, in the moving process upwards of rotation limit, limit, flue dust mixed gas forces high speed heat-shift with the metallic conduit of logical water coolant in whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator again, by regulating temperature and the gas velocity of dry freezing air, regulate temperature and the flow velocity of the water coolant led in metallic conduit, make flue dust mixed gas in 0.2s, drop to 195 DEG C, on the other hand, particulate matter large in flue dust mixed gas under the influence of centrifugal force limit rotation limit enters the hopper of whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator downwards, is automatically cleared when large particulate matter reaches a certain amount of by viewing window, logical water-cooled tube pipeline outer wall in whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator keeps clean by low frequency acoustic wave soot blower, efficient high-speed and flue dust mixed gas heat-shift, subsequently, flue dust mixed gas enters flue dust thermoswitch, by detecting the temperature of flue dust mixed gas in advance, take dry freezing air, the preheating of flue dust main pipeline part dry air to regulate the temperature of flue dust mixed gas, make its before leaving sack cleaner temperature higher than the dew point 185 DEG C of flue dust mixed gas, the wet desulphurization denitrating tower that flue dust mixed gas is come in and gone out through the control flue dust mixed gas that tower surface is airtight, enter its strainer that drenches with rain of coming in and going out of airtight control, strainer flue dust mixed gas movement velocity of just having entered to drench with rain reduces at least 55% immediately, the strainer that drenches with rain spray raindrop amount is 200mm/h, and speed speed before contact deluge device base plate of spray raindrop reaches 1.0m/s, the strainer that drenches with rain is made up of multiple lattice, often between adjacent two lattice, most of area is separated by dividing plate, filtering net is provided with in the general orientation of flue dust mixed gas motion, the single lattice end, flue dust mixed gas enters next lattice through filtering net, the 180 ° of changes of flue dust mixed gas motion general orientation, motion like this, repeatedly change direction, flue dust mixed gas, at the processed 10min in strainer that drenches with rain, is finally entered air by frequency modulation blower fan, flue dust mixed gas is in turbulent flow drenching with rain in strainer, adjacent two lattice have flue dust mixed gas switching fabric, ensure that the position of flue dust simulation model for mixing gases flows drenches with rain the position of the upper, middle and lower in single lattice of strainer relatively all the time in change, ensure that flue dust mixed gas is caught in the rain strainer even processing, filtering net has good filtering function to PM2.5, filtering net does not stop the fine particle having complete rain film strips to walk to retain, flue dust mixed gas is caught in the rain from high temperature, and strainer sprays low temperature very soon, reach capacity from drying humidity at once in the raindrop of disperse, and the fine particle cohesion be in the flue dust mixed gas under dew point is grown up, and the favourable net that is filtered retains, the rainwater of strainer of drenching with rain recycles, regular moisturizing, and sewage regularly pumps into sewage flocculation settling tank, and the mud of collection could not detect dioxin, and mud is concentrated subsequently and carried out landfill, the furnace slag granulating cooling of redox stove, ball milling and physical separation, wet processing, Metallurgical processing afterwards, reclaims valuable metal, the emission concentration of sulfide and nitride is same as the prior art,
The bottom of continuous melting low-grade copper raw material stock column like this, respectively at different oxidized still oxidation low-grade copper liquation, the oxidation of dry oxygen rich gas is passed at oxidized still middle-low grade liquation, spray carbon granule steams zinc, and phosphor-copper is de-plumbous, fluorite and lime dearsenification, antimony and tin, complete oxidising process, then by the reserved Pai Tongkou of oxidized still, add a cover thermal insulation chute cupric oxide liquation be transported to reduction furnace, copper melt passes into drying nitrogen, carbon granule completes reduction process, insulation afterwards and on draw electrician's copper bar; Flameless combustion mode taked by oxidized still burner, reduction furnace burner; Average copper and silver content 99.89wt%, annual capacity 560000 tons; Finally enter the dust of air lower than 0.495mg/m
3, could not dioxin be detected.
Comparative example 1
To the blister copper that copper scap and the copper matte regulus of raw copper content 60.0wt% are smelted, take prior art to adopt reverberatory furnace and existing dust treatment system, dust airborne release concentration is 30mg/m
3， dioxin PCDFs toxic equivalent is at 0.200ng/g ~ 3.250ng/g.And take prior art to contain the low cost equipment of shaft furnace and existing dust treatment technology, because prior art cannot melting continuously low-grade copper raw material, all also do not have related data.
Embodiment 2
Raw material is the secondary blister copper that Cu content 72.8wt% copper scap and copper scap are smelted, fuel is Sweet natural gas, dry oxygen rich gas connects even spray apparatus top blast containing oxygen 85%, and the reductibility combustion gas of cyclic high-temperature gas-flow temperature 1360 DEG C, thermal insulation chute is at 1250 DEG C, shaft furnace flue dust utilidor and the shaft furnace joint height bottom shaft furnace accounts for 55% of whole shaft furnace height, gap more than this joint, between shaft furnace inwall and the low-grade copper raw material added from top is less than the gap between the following shaft furnace inwall in this joint and shaft furnace stock column, stops shaft furnace flue dust escape from shaft furnace top by the control of shaft furnace high temperature blower, shaft furnace flue dust is from entering reduction furnace, oxidized still, and enter flue dust total system through burner combustion, shaft furnace flue dust experiences 851 DEG C, 6.5s in this process, wherein experiences more than 1130 DEG C temperature 4.8s, the flue dust temperature when entering whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator controlling to go out from redox fire grate is 550 DEG C, on the one hand, the flue dust entrance bypass of this whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator enters the dry freezing air of high pressure, with flue dust abundant combination cooling rapidly, drive flue dust mixed gas high speed rotating simultaneously, in the moving process upwards of rotation limit, limit, flue dust mixed gas forces high speed heat-shift with the metallic conduit of logical water coolant in whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator again, by regulating temperature and the gas velocity of dry freezing air, regulate temperature and the flow velocity of the water coolant led in metallic conduit, make flue dust mixed gas in 0.18s, drop to 200 DEG C, subsequently, flue dust mixed gas enters flue dust thermoswitch, by detecting the temperature of flue dust mixed gas in advance, take dry freezing air, the preheating of flue dust main pipeline part dry air to regulate the temperature of flue dust mixed gas, make its before leaving sack cleaner temperature higher than the dew point 180 DEG C of flue dust mixed gas, the wet desulphurization denitrating tower that flue dust mixed gas is come in and gone out through the control flue dust mixed gas that tower surface is airtight, enter its strainer that drenches with rain of coming in and going out of airtight control, strainer flue dust mixed gas movement velocity of just having entered to drench with rain reduces at least 78% immediately, the strainer that drenches with rain spray raindrop amount is 230mm/h, and speed speed before contact deluge device base plate of spray raindrop reaches 5.0m/s, the strainer that drenches with rain is made up of multiple lattice, often between adjacent two lattice, most of area is separated by dividing plate, filtering net is provided with in the general orientation of flue dust mixed gas motion, the single lattice end, flue dust mixed gas enters next lattice through filtering net, the 180 ° of changes of flue dust mixed gas motion general orientation, motion like this, repeatedly change direction, flue dust mixed gas, at the processed 12min in strainer that drenches with rain, is finally entered air by frequency modulation blower fan, flue dust mixed gas is in turbulent flow drenching with rain in strainer, adjacent two lattice have flue dust mixed gas switching fabric, ensure that the position of flue dust simulation model for mixing gases flows drenches with rain the position of the upper, middle and lower in single lattice of strainer relatively all the time in change, ensure that flue dust mixed gas is caught in the rain strainer even processing, filtering net has good filtering function to PM2.5, filtering net does not stop the fine particle having complete rain film strips to walk to retain, flue dust mixed gas is caught in the rain from high temperature, and strainer sprays low temperature very soon, reach capacity from drying humidity at once in the raindrop of disperse, and the fine particle cohesion be in the flue dust mixed gas under dew point is grown up, and the favourable net that is filtered retains, other is identical with embodiment 1, above-mentioned low cost equipment can normally smelt electrician's copper bar, average copper content 99.90wt%, finally enters the dust of air lower than 0.479mg/m
3, could not dioxin be detected.
Embodiment 3
Raw material is the secondary blister copper that Cu content 88.3wt% copper scap and copper scap are smelted, fuel is Sweet natural gas, dry oxygen rich gas connects even spray apparatus top blast and side-blown containing oxygen 75%, and the reductibility combustion gas of cyclic high-temperature gas-flow temperature 1340 DEG C, thermal insulation chute is at 1240 DEG C, shaft furnace flue dust enters redox stove certainly, through the burning of redox burner, part former shaft furnace flue dust reenters shaft furnace with the partial reductive combustion gas of redox stove, the former shaft furnace flue dust of another part enters flue dust total system with redox stove flue dust, shaft furnace flue dust experiences 857 DEG C, 6.3s in this process, wherein experiences more than 1130 DEG C temperature 4.1s, the flue dust temperature when entering whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator controlling to go out from redox fire grate is 530 DEG C, on the one hand, the flue dust entrance bypass of this whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator enters the dry freezing air of high pressure, with flue dust abundant combination cooling rapidly, drive flue dust mixed gas high speed rotating simultaneously, in the moving process upwards of rotation limit, limit, flue dust mixed gas forces high speed heat-shift with the metallic conduit of logical water coolant in whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator again, by regulating temperature and the gas velocity of dry freezing air, regulate temperature and the flow velocity of the water coolant led in metallic conduit, make flue dust mixed gas in 0.17s, drop to 200 DEG C, subsequently, flue dust mixed gas enters flue dust thermoswitch, by detecting the temperature of flue dust mixed gas in advance, take dry freezing air, the preheating of flue dust main pipeline part dry air to regulate the temperature of flue dust mixed gas, make its before leaving sack cleaner temperature higher than the dew point 180 DEG C of flue dust mixed gas, the wet desulphurization denitrating tower that flue dust mixed gas is come in and gone out through the control flue dust mixed gas that tower surface is airtight, enter its strainer that drenches with rain of coming in and going out of airtight control, strainer flue dust mixed gas movement velocity of just having entered to drench with rain reduces at least 90% immediately, the strainer that drenches with rain spray raindrop amount is 240mm/h, and speed speed before contact deluge device base plate of spray raindrop reaches 5.0m/s, the strainer that drenches with rain is made up of multiple lattice, often between adjacent two lattice, most of area is separated by dividing plate, filtering net is provided with in the general orientation of flue dust mixed gas motion, the single lattice end, flue dust mixed gas enters next lattice through filtering net, the 180 ° of changes of flue dust mixed gas motion general orientation, motion like this, repeatedly change direction, flue dust mixed gas, at the processed 11min in strainer that drenches with rain, is finally entered air by frequency modulation blower fan, flue dust mixed gas is in turbulent flow drenching with rain in strainer, adjacent two lattice have flue dust mixed gas switching fabric, ensure that the position of flue dust simulation model for mixing gases flows drenches with rain the position of the upper, middle and lower in single lattice of strainer relatively all the time in change, ensure that flue dust mixed gas is caught in the rain strainer even processing, filtering net has good filtering function to PM2.5, filtering net does not stop the fine particle having complete rain film strips to walk to retain, flue dust mixed gas is caught in the rain from high temperature, and strainer sprays low temperature very soon, reach capacity from drying humidity at once in the raindrop of disperse, and the fine particle cohesion be in the flue dust mixed gas under dew point is grown up, and the favourable net that is filtered retains, other is identical with embodiment 1, above-mentioned low cost equipment normally can smelt positive plate, average copper content 99.92wt%, finally enters the dust of air lower than 0.481mg/m
3, could not dioxin be detected.
Claims (3)
1. a low-grade copper smelts the environment protection method drawing electrician's copper bar, smelting equipment comprise a shaft furnace, at least two tundish, tundish muff, at least two oxidized stills, at least two reduction furnaces and on draw equipment, a set of flue dust total system, it is characterized in that:
1) total in low-grade copper raw material copper content 60wt% and more than, low-grade copper is at least one of following raw materials according: recycled copper, copper scap, the secondary blister copper smelted by copper scap, the blister copper smelted by copper matte regulus;
2) combustion gas controlling shaft furnace is reductibility, the burner of tundish is reductibility, reduction furnace combustion gas is reductibility, the combustion gas of oxidized still is oxidisability, and shaft furnace flue dust enters reduction furnace respectively by its utilidor, high temperature blower; Reduction furnace flue dust enters bottom shaft furnace respectively by its utilidor, high temperature blower part, and part enters the oxidized still matched with it; Oxidized still flue dust by its utilidor, enter qualified discharge after flue dust main pipeline, flue dust total system; This flue dust main pipeline outside weld tracheae, good lagging material is housed outside tracheae, at least two kinds of tracheaes utilize the high-temperature smoke flow through in this flue dust main pipeline to heat air, the empty nitrogen divided respectively, preheated air distributes to by control that shaft furnace burner is combustion-supporting, oxidized still burner is combustion-supporting, reduction furnace burner is combustion-supporting, pre-hot nitrogen passes into the even spray apparatus of gas just in the reduction furnace of reduction process by security solenoid valve, evenly enter copper melt pond, accelerate the reduction of copper melt; Pass into the even spray apparatus of gas just in the oxidized still of oxidising process containing the empty oxygen rich gas of oxygen that divides by security solenoid valve, evenly enter copper melt pond, accelerate the oxidising process of low-grade copper liquation;
3) shaft furnace fusing low-grade copper, the temperature of whole shaft furnace stock column is monitored from top to bottom by sensor, consider that reduction furnace combustion gas enters the impact bottom shaft furnace, by the air of multiple shaft furnace burner and the adjustment of fuel quantity supply, realize the lapse of temperature from top to bottom of whole stock column, and only melt bottom stock column, the burner being responsible for melting bottom stock column at shaft furnace forms cyclic high-temperature gas-flow, this cyclic high-temperature gas-flow is reductibility, bottom continuous fusing low-grade copper stock column, stock column is constantly descending, require to add new low-grade copper packing material block according to low-grade copper furnace run at the top of shaft furnace, maintain whole stock column height substantially constant, and this cyclic high-temperature gas-flow sweeps along a low-grade copper liquation tiltedly descending journey, then turn back above copper melt stream, cyclic high-temperature gas-flow is left in the combustion gas that wherein part is turned back on the one hand, then along shaft furnace stock column up one section, and by shaft furnace utilidor, high temperature blower enters reduction furnace respectively, the burner that the amount that this part turns back combustion gas is responsible for melting bottom stock column by shaft furnace constantly supplements to cyclic high-temperature gas-flow, on the other hand after low-grade copper liquation and cyclic high-temperature gas jet separation by inertia through the path of the shortest high temperature, the tundish entering preheating, the copper melt insulation that tundish preheating is responsible for by row's burner, relay cyclic high-temperature gas-flow melts shaft furnace is descended most at shaft furnace, control the temperature of this cyclic high-temperature gas-flow, tundish the temperature of reductibility combustion gas at 1120 ~ 1400 DEG C, and two temperature increase along with the reduction of copper content in raw material, tundish muff is had outside tundish, when the copper melt in this tundish reaches its rated capacity, reduce the fuel of burner and the supply of air of cyclic high-temperature gas-flow, this cyclic high-temperature gas-flow is lowered the temperature, suspend the fusing bottom shaft furnace stock column, improve the temperature of tundish copper melt, open tundish muff, be separated bottom tundish and shaft furnace, by mobile tundish to oxidized still, skim, and pour the copper melt in tundish into oxidized still, clear up the slag of tundish bottom afterwards, the oxidation of dry oxygen rich gas is passed at oxidized still middle-low grade liquation, spray carbon granule steams zinc, phosphor-copper is de-plumbous, fluorite and lime dearsenification, antimony and tin, complete oxidising process, then by Pai Tongkou that oxidized still is reserved, add a cover thermal insulation chute and cupric oxide liquation is transported to reduction furnace, copper melt passes into drying nitrogen, carbon granule completes reduction process, afterwards insulation and on draw electrician's copper bar, simultaneously, after this tundish is separated with shaft furnace, another tundish is engaged with bottom shaft furnace, close tundish muff outside tundish, when temperature in tundish reaches requirement 1120 ~ 1400 DEG C of scopes, control this cyclic high-temperature gas-flow, restart bottom fusing shaft furnace stock column, until this tundish reaches its specified copper melt amount, suspend the fusing of shaft furnace low-grade copper stock column again, improve the temperature of this tundish copper melt, remove this tundish, the bottom of continuous melting low-grade copper raw material stock column like this, respectively at different oxidized still oxidation low-grade copper liquation, reduce at different reduction furnaces respectively, insulation is drawn electrician's copper bar, flameless combustion mode taked by oxidized still burner, reduction furnace burner, flameless combustion mode taked by oxidized still burner, reduction furnace burner.Control shaft furnace gas blower, reduction furnace gas blower, flue dust total system frequency modulation blower fan stop shaft furnace flue dust, reduction furnace flue dust, oxidized still flue dust uncontrollable discharge and escape;
4) flue dust total system is made up of whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator, flue dust thermoswitch, sack cleaner, wet desulphurization denitrating tower, the strainer that drenches with rain, frequency modulation blower fan, sewage flocculation settling tank;
5) shaft furnace flue dust utilidor and the shaft furnace joint height bottom shaft furnace accounts for the half of whole shaft furnace height to 2/3rds, gap more than this joint, between shaft furnace inwall and the low-grade copper raw material added from top is less than the gap between the following shaft furnace inwall in this joint and shaft furnace stock column, escapes from shaft furnace top by stopping shaft furnace flue dust to the control of shaft furnace high temperature blower; Shaft furnace flue dust enters reduction furnace burner combustion certainly, part former shaft furnace flue dust enters oxidized still burner combustion and then enters the comprehensive total system of flue dust, the former shaft furnace flue dust of part also reenters shaft furnace with reduction furnace flue dust, reenter reduction furnace, reenters oxidized still etc., shaft furnace flue dust at least experiences higher than 850 DEG C, more than 6s in this process, wherein experiences more than 1120 DEG C more than temperature 4s;
6) the flue dust temperature when entering whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator controlling to discharge from oxidized still is 500 DEG C ~ 550 DEG C, on the one hand, the flue dust entrance bypass of this whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator enters the dry freezing air of high pressure, with flue dust abundant combination cooling rapidly, drive flue dust mixed gas high speed rotating simultaneously, in the moving process upwards of rotation limit, limit, flue dust mixed gas forces high speed heat-shift with the metallic conduit of logical water coolant in whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator again, by regulating temperature and the gas velocity of dry freezing air, regulate temperature and the flow velocity of the water coolant led in metallic conduit, make flue dust mixed gas in 0.2s, drop to 195 DEG C ~ 200 DEG C, on the other hand, particulate matter large in flue dust mixed gas under the influence of centrifugal force limit rotation limit enters the hopper of whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator downwards, is automatically cleared when large particulate matter reaches a certain amount of by viewing window, logical water-cooled tube pipeline outer wall in whirlwind chilling fly-ash separator keeps clean by low frequency acoustic wave soot blower, efficient high-speed and flue dust mixed gas heat-shift,
7) subsequently, flue dust mixed gas enters flue dust thermoswitch, by detecting the temperature of flue dust mixed gas in advance, take dry freezing air, the preheating of flue dust main pipeline part dry air to regulate the temperature of flue dust mixed gas, make its before leaving sack cleaner temperature higher than the dew point of flue dust mixed gas;
8) the wet desulphurization denitrating tower of the control flue dust mixed gas discrepancy that flue dust mixed gas is airtight through tower surface, enter its strainer that drenches with rain of coming in and going out of airtight control, strainer flue dust mixed gas movement velocity of just having entered to drench with rain reduces more than at least 50% immediately, the strainer that drenches with rain spray raindrop amount is at least 200mm/h, and speed speed before contact deluge device base plate of spray raindrop reaches 1.0m/s ~ 5.0m/s; The strainer that drenches with rain is made up of multiple lattice, often between adjacent two lattice, most of area is separated by dividing plate, filtering net is provided with in the general orientation of flue dust mixed gas motion, the single lattice end, flue dust mixed gas enters next lattice through filtering net, the 180 ° of changes of flue dust mixed gas motion general orientation, motion like this, repeatedly change direction, flue dust mixed gas, at the processed at least 10min in strainer that drenches with rain, is finally entered air by frequency modulation blower fan; Flue dust mixed gas is in turbulent flow drenching with rain in strainer, adjacent two lattice have flue dust mixed gas switching fabric, ensure that the position of flue dust simulation model for mixing gases flows drenches with rain the position of the upper, middle and lower in single lattice of strainer relatively all the time in change, ensure that flue dust mixed gas is caught in the rain strainer even processing; Filtering net has good filtering function to PM2.5, filtering net does not stop the fine particle having complete rain film strips to walk to retain; Flue dust mixed gas is caught in the rain from high temperature, and strainer sprays low temperature very soon, reach capacity from drying humidity at once in the raindrop of disperse, and the fine particle cohesion be in the flue dust mixed gas under dew point is grown up, and the favourable net that is filtered retains; Finally enter the dust of air lower than 0.500mg/m
3, could not dioxin be detected;
9) rainwater of strainer of drenching with rain recycles, regular moisturizing, and regular sewage pumps into sewage flocculation settling tank, and the mud of collection could not detect dioxin, and mud is concentrated subsequently and carried out landfill;
10) the furnace slag granulating cooling of tundish, oxidized still, reduction furnace, ball milling and physical separation, wet processing, Metallurgical processing afterwards, reclaims valuable metal.
2. a kind of low-grade copper according to claim 1 smelts the environment protection method of high-quality positive plate, it is characterized in that oxidized still is one of following type of furnace: reverberatory furnace, rotary kiln, tilting furnace.
3. a kind of low-grade copper according to claim 1 smelts the environment protection method of high-quality positive plate, it is characterized in that this flue dust total system being applied in except the dust treatment of smelting high-quality positive plate containing low-grade copper raw material on the equipment except shaft furnace, smelting the dust treatment of high-quality positive plate except containing higher-grade copper raw material on the equipment except shaft furnace, entering the dust of air lower than 0.500mg/m after process
3, can not dioxin be detected.
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| CN113088701A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-09 | 江西中晟金属有限公司 | Production method for improving strength of copper rod |
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