CN104310940A - Artificial perlite and puffed products and preparation method of artificial perlite - Google Patents
Artificial perlite and puffed products and preparation method of artificial perlite Download PDFInfo
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- CN104310940A CN104310940A CN201410514749.8A CN201410514749A CN104310940A CN 104310940 A CN104310940 A CN 104310940A CN 201410514749 A CN201410514749 A CN 201410514749A CN 104310940 A CN104310940 A CN 104310940A
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Abstract
The invention relates to artificial perlite and puffed products and a preparation method of artificial perlite. The artificial perlite is prepared by the following steps: by using calcium bentonite and an alkali metal silicate aqueous solution as raw materials, properly introducing an auxiliary function aid; and puffing at a certain temperature to obtain the artificial perlite puffed product. The preparation method is a moulding and mixture-ageing method and a mechanical shearing method. The artificial perlite is high in utilization ratio of raw materials and low in puffing temperature. The puffed products are numerous in variety, stable and controllable in physical and chemical properties, and good in mechanical strength and fireproof performance. The preparation method is simple in preparation process and basically free from dust pollution in the preparation process, and is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to perlite material and preparation field thereof, particularly a kind of olivet rock and swelling product and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Behind natural peral series of rocks magma ejection earth's surface, be subject to air cooling effect, the rapid condensation of magma, a large amount of water vapor fails the moisture glassy lava of loss from magma, formation; Because it has pearl fissured structure, therefore named perlite.Perlite forms primarily of volcanic glass, and containing quartz, the crystalline minerals such as plagioclase, its XRD spectra as shown in Figure 1.
Natural peral rock belongs to nonmetallic mineral, has pearliness, how in light gray, dark green, yellowish-white or brown; Comprise perlite, obsidian and pitchstone, three's chemical composition is identical, and main component is SiO
2, Al
2o
3, CaO, R
2the chemical combination crystal water of O and certain content, but contained humidity ratio is different.Natural peral rock has pearl fissured structure, and chip edge is transparent or translucent, moisture 2 ~ 6wt%, and perlitic general chemistry consists of SiO
268.0 ~ 74.0wt%, Al
2o
3about 12.0wt%, Fe
2o
30.5 ~ 3.6wt%, MgO0.3 ~ 0.5wt%, CaO0.7 ~ 1.0wt%, K
2o2.0 ~ 3.0wt%, Na
2o4.0 ~ 5.0wt%, H
2o2.0 ~ 6.0wt%.
Natural peral rock is pulverized through artificial, screening, classification processing obtains the ore grain of certain particle diameter, under instantaneous high-temperature (1050 ~ 1350 DEG C) effect under, the water vapor of ore in sand form internal crystallization produces expanded power, make the moment of the perlite ore particle under molten state expanded, its expanded performance size is relevant with the chemical composition in ore and vitreous content.Generally, moisture content is high, and iron content is low, the ore that glassiness content is high, and popping fold is large, otherwise then little; Perlitic popping fold is generally 4 ~ 25.
Natural peral rock, through high temperature puffing, forms the light granular material of porous white, i.e. pearlstone after cooling, safe handling temperature is-200 ~+850 DEG C, and physical and chemical performance is stablized, and space is trickle, refractoriness is high, and sound absorption sound-proofing properties is good, and (weight water-intake rate is generally about 200% for water-absorbent and hygroscopic property ideal, mention that volume water absorption rate is generally about 30%), good frost resistance, ultimate compression strength is superior, has good electrical insulating property, can radioactive rays be absorbed, and nonpoisonous and tasteless.Based on above feature, pearlstone tool has been widely used.
Application in building industry field:
(1) materials for wall: take pearlstone as the cement perlite concrete panel that raw material manufactures, more cheap than lightweight concrete slab 17%, more cheap than common brick 40%, there is good soundproof effect;
(2) roof cladding: insulation, the good and low cost of water resistance; It is than the roofing cheap 31% adopting loose slag to do thermal insulation layer, than mineral wool felt heat insulation house surface cheap 39.4%, than mud coal plate heat insulation house surface cheap 48.7%, and more cheap than foam concrete thermal insulation layer roofing 52.8%;
(3) coating material: pearlstone coating material has excellent insulation, heat insulation, sound-absorbing, the performance such as fire-resistant, and construction also has use immediately, fast, low cost and other advantages of hardening;
(4) packing material: in frame light plate building, fills pearlstone, can reach good insulation, heat insulation effect.
Application in filtration art:
(1) flocculating aids: pearlstone is nontoxic, not containing the inanimate matter that can dissolve in a liquid or organic matter, to the fragrance of liquid and the adsorptive power of pigment composition low, and filtration velocity is fast, because of but a kind of good flocculating aids;
(2) produce special filter paper: with diatomite and perlite filter powder in addition Mierocrystalline cellulose slurries to forge through ion modifying agent and make filter paper with vacuum adhesion, drying, be exactly one of them method.This method is particularly suitable for the liquid in filtering food processing industry and in pharmaceutical industries.
Application at agricultural horticultural field:
Pearlstone can transform adjustment soil compaction, prevents farm crop from lodging, and controls fertilizer efficiency and fertile degree; Also can be used as the thinner of sterilant or weedicide, the carrier etc. of soilless culture.
Although natural peral rock is with a wide range of applications in multiple field, but still there are the following problems:
(1) natural peral rock is as a kind of natural silicate minerals, its glassiness content and every physicochemical property are completely by geologic condition and the decision of geological transformation process in mineral formation area, the natural peral rock grade difference that different mining area produces is large, most natural peral rock is by the impact of local environment, devitrification is serious, popping fold is low, can not reach perlitic production requirement;
(2) swelling temperature of natural peral rock is high, and energy consumption is large, and production cost is higher.Due to the difference of the perlite mineral constituent of various places, glassiness content, mineralization, its swelling temperature is different.In theory, its swelling temperature is 850 ~ 1350 DEG C; In fact, except the perlite that Greece and Philippines have found 1000 DEG C of once swelling temperatures, other perlitic swelling temperature all more than 1000 DEG C, the natural artificial perlite that China finds, swelling temperature is generally 1050 ~ 1350 DEG C;
(3) natural peral rock is in the course of processing, and the ore in sand form productivity ratio meeting production standard is lower.The utilization of natural peral rock is only limitted to the ore in sand form of more than 0.18mm, and all the other fine ores all abandon as mine tailing, because natural peral rock adopts the processing mode of Mechanical Crushing, in process of production, has the perlite breeze of 30 ~ 40% to produce; The stacking of these breezes not only takies a large amount of soil, and dust from flying, causes the secondary pollution of environment;
(4) natural peral rock produces a large amount of dust in process of production, shows according to the study, and perlite dust has fibrosis ability for lung, and the health for workman has harm.Natural peral rock ore in sand form is transporting, is receiving external impacts easily chipping, efflorescence; These breezes after high temperature puffing, weight saving, in atmosphere floating, the short period of time is difficult to sedimentation, causes dust pollution;
Goods after natural peral rock is directly expanded are based on light granular material, and form is single; To prepare sheet material etc., need to introduce organic or inorganic binding agent, not only increase cost, and be limited to kind and the performance of binding agent, the physicochemical properties such as the sheet material water tolerance of preparation are unsatisfactory.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of olivet rock and swelling product and preparation method thereof, olivet rock of the present invention, and raw material availability is high, and swelling temperature is low; Swelling product wide variety and physicochemical property is stablized controlled, have good physical strength, fire resistance is good; Preparation technology is simple and preparation process does not produce dust pollution substantially, is suitable for suitability for industrialized production.
A kind of olivet rock of the present invention, by weight percentage, raw material is calcium-base bentonite 10-75wt%, alkali metal silicate aqueous solution 25-90wt%, functional agent 0-5wt%; The chemical composition of olivet rock comprises: SiO
260-75wt%, Al
2o
36-14wt%, CaO1-5wt%, R
2o3-25wt%, H
2the hydrosilicate non-crystalline solids material of O5-25wt%, wherein R
2o is alkalimetal oxide.
Described alkali metal silicate aqueous solution (being commonly called as water glass), chemical formula is R
2omSiO
29H
2o, wherein R is alkali metal, wherein 2.5≤m≤3.3, and m is the mole number ratio of silicon-dioxide and alkalimetal oxide, is called the modulus of water glass.
Described alkali metal is one or more in Li, Na, K.
Described alkalimetal oxide R
2o is Li
2o, Na
2o, K
2one or more in O.
Described alkalimetal oxide Na
2o/K
2the ratio of O is 0.5-5.0.
One or more for expanding layer agent, alkali activator, puffing adjuvant, in polymer modifiers of described functional agent.
The agent of described expansion layer is glycerine; Alkali activator is one or more in sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, puffing adjuvant is one or more in boric acid, magnesiumcarbonate, zinc carbonate, and polymer modifiers is one or more in styrene-acrylate emulsion, benzene emulsion, styrene-butadiene emulsion, acrylate and vinyl acetate emulsion, vac-veova emulsion.
A kind of olivet rock swelling product of the present invention, by olivet rock through 400 ~ 1000 DEG C of puffings, obtains olivet rock swelling product.
Described olivet rock swelling product is light porous gap material, comprises particulate material, bulk, the various ways such as sheet material.
The preparation method of a kind of olivet rock of the present invention, according to the difference realizing Montmorillonite Crystal aSi∶H film principle in calcium-base bentonite, preparation technology comprises two kinds.
The preparation method of a kind of olivet rock of the present invention, comprising:
Shaping ageing mixture method: raw material is blended, obtains plastic, then carries out moulding process, obtains formed material; Then formed material is carried out ageing mixture process, the Montmorillonite Crystal in wilkinite because being subject to alkali erosion action, silicon-oxy tetrahedron structural break and be converted into non-crystalline state, drying treatment controls water ratio, to obtain final product;
Or mechanical shearing method: raw material is mixed, obtain the slurry of viscosity, slurry is carried out high speed machine shearing treatment, at aquashear, clash into, under the effect of tearing etc., the Montmorillonite Crystal laminate structure in wilkinite is peeled off, is broken and be converted into non-crystalline state, obtains highly viscous slurry, do not need ageing mixture, directly carry out moulding process shaping, drying treatment controls water ratio, to obtain final product.
Described ageing mixture treatment temp is for being not less than 20 DEG C, and the time is 7-90 days.
In described high speed machine shearing treatment, shearing rate is not less than 15000s
-1, rotor speed is generally not less than 1000r/min.
Described moulding process is: the common granulation processs such as same mist projection granulating, granulating powders or extruder grain, and by injection molding, the demoulding, obtains the mould-forming process (formed material) of different size, shaped solids; Drying is: drying temperature 70-300 DEG C, time of drying 4-72h.
After described drying treatment, the water ratio of olivet rock is 5 ~ 25%.
In a kind of olivet rock of the present invention and swelling product thereof, subsidiary function auxiliary agent is different by its effect, and can be divided into and expand layer agent, alkali activator, puffing adjuvant, polymer modifiers, is specifically described below:
1. expand layer agent:
Main component montmorillonite in calcium-base bentonite, there is layered crystal structure, the easy adsorb polar molecule of interlayer, after absorption, Montmorillonite Crystal interlamellar spacing increases, by introducing the expansion layer agent not making waterglass precipitate, sclerosis, as glycerine, montmorillonite interlayer distance can be made to increase, stripping effect is sheared for the alkali diffusion in ageing mixture process and high speed machine all there is good promoter action.
2. alkali activator:
The introducing of alkali ROH, wherein R is alkali metal or their mixtures such as Li, Na, K, not only adjustable R
2the content of O, and can by providing OH
-, strengthen the alkali erosion action in ageing mixture process, promote the carrying out of ageing mixture reaction.
3. puffing adjuvant:
According to the difference of puffing adjuvant action principle, following two classes can be divided into:
1. the inorganic salt of heat decomposition, as zinc carbonate, magnesiumcarbonate etc.Its heat decomposes the gas produced, and can be the expanded of olivet rock and provides extra power, contributes to the popping fold improving olivet rock;
2. the inorganic salt of low melting point, as boric acid etc.Utilize the characteristic of its watery fusion, improve the surface viscosity in the puffing process of olivet rock, encapsulation is more thorough, and the blowing power such as aqueous vapor are not easily overflowed, and contributes to the unit weight regulating, reduce olivet rock swelling product;
4. polymer modifiers:
The polymer modifiers selected in the present invention has with water glass identically electrically not cause the emulsion polymerization of sodium silicate gel, as benzene emulsion, styrene-butadiene emulsion, acrylate and vinyl acetate emulsion, vac-veova emulsion etc.Superpolymer is for the chemical stability of olivet rock swelling product, water tolerance and mechanical property are all significantly improved and promote, and, in olivet rock puffing process, superpolymer decomposed, can also provide extra power for artificial pearl stone puffing process.
Above-mentioned subsidiary function auxiliary agent, has the effect regulating and optimize, can select the kind whether introduced and introduce as required for the preparation process of olivet rock and the physicochemical property of swelling product thereof.
A kind of olivet rock of the present invention and swelling product and preparation technology thereof, innovative point is:
The aSi∶H film of mineral crystal is realized by the erosion action of alkali or high speed machine shearing action, and then the alternative melting of natural peral rock forming process Minerals and the amorphization of instantaneous cooling process, prepare a kind of moisture silicate non-crystalline solids material; Swelling product is not limited to particulate material, directly can prepare sheet material, the light material of the various ways such as bulk.
The preparation technology of olivet rock of the present invention, realizes the difference of Montmorillonite Crystal aSi∶H film principle in wilkinite according to it, preparation technology comprises shaping ageing mixture method and mechanical shearing method two kinds, and these two kinds of preparation technologies are specifically described below:
1. shaping ageing mixture method:
Technological principle: Montmorillonite Crystal is under the erosion action of alkali, and silicon-oxy tetrahedron syndeton ruptures and is converted into non-crystalline state, and obtain the hydrosilicate non-crystalline solids material of longrange disorder, its XRD spectra as shown in Figure 2.Shaping ageing mixture method specifically comprises shaping, ageing mixture, dry three steps:
(1) shaping:
Form by the primary chemical of described olivet rock, raw material is blended and obtain plastic, then by granulating and forming technique or mould-forming process, the plastic of blended for raw material gained is prepared into the solid material of particulate material or desired shape.
(2) ageing mixture:
Ageing mixture is the core procedure of shaping ageing mixture method, and it can be divided into again alkali to spread, decrystallized two stages:
1) alkali diffusion phase:
Montmorillonite in calcium-base bentonite and between liquid phase alkali, ion diffuse occurs; Liquid phase alkali, is also called effective alkali, is the alkali existed in the form of an ion in pore water solution.OH in liquid phase alkali
-be diffused in montmorillonite layered crystal, contact with the activated silica in montmorillonite, active aluminum, the positively charged ion in montmorillonite lamella is diffused in liquid matrix, and this stage can not cause Montmorillonite Crystal structural damage.
2) the decrystallized stage:
Due to the erosion action of liquid phase alkali, [the SiO in montmorillonite
4]
4-tetrahedron syndeton ruptures, Al
3+be transitioned into 4 coordinations gradually by 6 coordinations, form [AlO
4]
5-, mineral dissolve gradually, the Al of dissolving
3+, Si
4+ion and R
+ionic reaction generates hydrated product [M
x(AlO
2)
y(SiO
2)
znROHmH
2o], it has three-dimensional, amorphous structure, wherein, R
+enter structure and participate in charge balance, its reaction process as shown in Figure 3.
(3) dry:
By the material of ageing mixture gained, control its water ratio according to different needs, at the temperature of 90 ~ 300 DEG C, dry 12 ~ 72h, obtains the olivet rock that water ratio is 5 ~ 25%.
2. mechanical shearing method:
Technological principle: the montmorillonite in calcium-base bentonite is the silicate crystal mineral of laminate structure, and linked by molecular force between crystal layer, structure comparison is loose, and Montmorillonite Crystal structure as shown in Figure 4.Fluid power shearing, clash into, the mechanical effect such as to tear under, Montmorillonite Crystal laminate structure is peeled off, lattice breaks and be converted into non-crystalline state, obtains moisture silicate non-crystalline solids material.Mechanical shearing method specifically comprises preparation slurry, high speed shear, sizing material forming and dry three steps.
(1) slurry is prepared:
Form by the primary chemical of described olivet rock, raw material is blended, obtain the slurry with certain viscosity.
(2) high speed shear:
High speed shear is the core procedure of mechanical shearing method, and the slurry prepared is injected mechanical shear, carries out high speed shear process, and mechanical shearing stripping off device as shown in Figure 5.Rotor high-speed rotates the powerful kinetic energy of high tangential speed and the high frequency machinery effect belt produced, make slurry (0.2 ~ 0.4mm) high-speed motion in the narrow gap of stator and rotor, form turbulent flow, it is poor that slurry inside and outside stator produces huge radial velocity, velocity contrast creates huge aquashear and shock tears effect, and in mechanical shearing stripping off device operational process, the mobility status of slurry as shown in Figure 6.Under this violent mechanical external force effect, the crystalline structure of montmorillonite destroys, and in state of disarray, form highly viscous slurry, Montmorillonite Crystal structure amorphization as shown in Figure 7.
Montmorillonite Crystal completes decrystallized under high speed machine shearing action, reacts in XRD spectra, shows as montmorillonite diffraction and substantially disappears, and the diffraction peak of material is diffuse peaks type.Olivet rock prepared by mechanical shearing method and the XRD spectra of calcium-base bentonite contrast as shown in Figure 8.
(3) sizing material forming and drying:
Highly viscous slurry after high speed shear process, without the need to ageing mixture process, directly prepares required particulate material or block materials by granulating and forming technique or mould-forming process; Then at the temperature of 90 ~ 300 DEG C, dry 12 ~ 72h controls its water ratio, can obtain the olivet rock that water ratio is 5 ~ 25%.
By above two kinds of preparation technologies, all can prepare olivet rock, and the olivet rock grade prepared is basically identical.The photo comparison of olivet rock and natural peral rock as shown in Figure 9.Olivet rock, under swelling temperature, surface is softening, internal moisture rapid vaporization, under the sealing process of softening shell, vaporised gas can not be overflowed, form the particle of internal cellular shape structure, sheet material or block materials, the outward appearance contrast of the expanded front and back of olivet rock particulate material as shown in Figure 10.XRD spectra and the outward appearance of olivet rock and natural peral rock swelling product contrast as shown in Figure 11,12.
The crucial controlling factor of two kinds of olivet rock preparation technologies of the present invention is as follows:
(1) ageing mixture condition and the time: in shaping ageing mixture method, the temperature of ageing mixture is generally not less than 20 DEG C; The chemical constitution different according to olivet rock, the ageing mixture time be 7 ~ 90d not etc.
Mechanical shearing speed: in mechanical shearing method, the experiment proved that, to obtain good decrystallized effect, shearing rate is generally not less than 15000s
-1, in this kind of situation, the rotating speed of device rotor is generally not less than 1000r/min; The XRD spectra contrast of material under different shear rate effect as shown in figure 13.
The present invention is relative to existing report: the method for wilkinite being carried out to mechanical shearing process has been reported, but based on the patent of the method, as the method reported in publication number CN1660713A, CN101503197A, first modification is carried out to natural montmorillonite, again mechanical shearing process is carried out to modified alta-mud, object is refinement bentonite clay particle, prepares nano-bentonite or aqueous nano bentonite that particle diameter is 1 ~ 100nm.And the mechanical shearing method described in the present invention and shaping ageing mixture method, realize the decrystallized two kinds of preparation technologies of Montmorillonite Crystal in calcium-base bentonite, shear produced aquashear by high speed machine, clash into, the effect of tearing or the erosion action of effective alkali, Montmorillonite Crystal structure is peeled off, breaks and be converted into non-crystalline state, and then obtain amorphous solid material.
The method introducing aluminum-containing mineral in alkali metal silicate aqueous solution has been reported, but based on the patent of the method, as the method reported in publication number CN102795780A, CN102795781A, CN102807326A, the introducing of aluminum-containing mineral is as the Nucleating Agent in sodium borated silicate glass or Network former, object improves the chemical stability of multicellular glass, and the crystalline structure of itself is not damaged.And the present invention develops calcium-base bentonite novelty teabag for starting point, sheared by high speed machine or the crystalline structure of montmorillonite in alkali erosion damage calcium-base bentonite, realize its aSi∶H film, thus prepare the higher hydrosilicate non-crystalline solids material of aluminium content, this material have with natural peral petrofacies like macroscopic features and expanded performance, and swelling temperature is lower, completely different with invention goods from the invention thinking of above-mentioned report.
beneficial effect
(1) olivet rock is as a kind of artificial hydrosilicate non-crystalline solids material, and grade does not limit by region, and expanded performance all can reach production requirement, and physicochemical property can realize manual control according to regulation and control chemical constitution;
(2) swelling temperature of olivet rock is all below 1000 DEG C, minimumly only need 400 DEG C, compared to the swelling temperature of 1050 ~ 1350 DEG C, natural peral rock, olivet rock swelling temperature obviously reduces, moreover, the physicochemical property such as popping fold, unit weight, chemical stability of olivet rock swelling product can manual control;
(3) olivet rock raw material availability is high; Owing to adopting wet chemical method preparation, can directly prepare desired shape material, the not only size of material by granulating and forming technique or mould-forming process, pattern is even, and raw material availability can, close to 100%, be accomplished without waste substantially;
(4) substantially dust pollution is not produced in olivet rock preparation process; No matter shaping ageing mixture method or mechanical shearing method, in operation, does not all relate to broken processing, and olivet rock receives not easily broken, efflorescence after external impacts, no matter prepares or transportation, does not substantially produce dust pollution;
(5) olivet rock swelling product wide variety, swelling product comprises particulate material, bulk, the multiple light material such as sheet material, swelling product satisfactory mechanical property, and chemical stability is high, various shapes, can meet different needs;
(6) olivet rock of the present invention, raw material availability is high, and swelling temperature is low; Swelling product wide variety and physicochemical property is stablized controlled, have good physical strength, fire resistance is good; Preparation technology is simple and preparation process does not produce dust pollution substantially, is suitable for suitability for industrialized production.
figure of description
The XRD spectra of Fig. 1 natural peral rock and ore;
The olivet rock XRD spectra that Fig. 2 shaping ageing mixture legal system is standby;
Fig. 3 amorphous hydrated product formation stages chemical reaction process;
Fig. 4 Montmorillonite Crystal structural representation;
Fig. 5 mechanical shearing stripping off device schematic diagram (1: rotating speed controllable engine; 2: rotation axis; 3: working head; 4: rotor; 5: stator);
Pulp flow situation schematic diagram in Fig. 6 mechanical shearing stripping off device operational process;
Fig. 7 high speed machine shear stage montmorillonite layered crystal structure amorphization schematic diagram;
Olivet rock prepared by Fig. 8 mechanical shearing method and calcium-base bentonite XRD contrast spectrogram (1: calcium-base bentonite; 2: olivet rock);
Photo comparison (a: olivet rock of Fig. 9 olivet rock and natural peral rock; B: natural peral rock);
Photo comparison (a: unpuffed olivet rock of the expanded front and back of Figure 10 olivet rock; B: the olivet rock after expanded);
Figure 11 olivet rock swelling product and natural peral rock swelling product XRD contrast spectrogram (1: artificial pearlstone; 2: natural pearlstone);
The outward appearance of Figure 12 olivet rock puffed granule and natural pearlstone contrasts (a: District, Xinyang Area, Henan Province produces No. 70 pearlstones; B: No. 100 pearlstones are produced in Shenyang, Liaoning; C: artificial pearlstone);
The XRD spectra (1: shearing rate is 15000s of material under Figure 13 different shear rate
-1; 2: shearing rate is 1500s
-1);
Before and after Figure 14 shaping ageing mixture method ageing mixture, material XRD contrasts spectrogram (1: before ageing mixture; 2: after ageing mixture).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, set forth the present invention further.Should be understood that these embodiments are only not used in for illustration of the present invention to limit the scope of the invention.In addition should be understood that those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention, and these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims limited range equally after the content of having read the present invention's instruction.
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, calcium-base bentonite used, chemical constitution and content are as shown in table 1-1; Sodium silicate used, modulus m=2.8, solid content are 37%, and its parameters is as shown in table 1-2.Experiment material selected in experiment, is qualified technical grade starting material, does not all carry out any optimizing machining technology process before the experiments were performed.
The chemical constitution of table 1-1 calcium-base bentonite and content
| Chemical composition | SiO 2 | Al 2O 3 | Fe 2O 3 | FeO | TiO | CaO | MgO | MnO | K 2O | Na 2O | P 2O 5 |
| Content (wt%) | 65.04 | 16.08 | 1.12 | 0.20 | 0.27 | 5.01 | 2.13 | 0.29 | 1.00 | 0.22 | 0.05 |
The parameter of table 1-2 sodium silicate
With natural peral petrofacies ratio, in the chemical constitution of calcium-base bentonite, Al
2o
3higher (the Al in natural peral rock of content
2o
3content is 9 ~ 12%), Na
2o content is lower, all the other chemical constitutions and content broadly similar.Consider swelling temperature and the Al of natural peral rock
2o
3content become positive correlation, with Al
2o
3content is primary variables, by regulating different proportioning raw materials, realizes Al
2o
3the variation range of content is 4 ~ 14wt%; By Al
2o
3content from high to low, successively called after formula 1-1 ~ 1-11.Through Theoretical Calculation, the proportioning raw materials of olivet rock is as shown in table 1-3:
Table 1-3 olivet rock proportioning raw materials
According to of the present invention, the preparation technology of olivet rock comprises shaping ageing mixture method and mechanical shearing method two kinds.In the present embodiment, adopt above-mentioned two kinds of preparation technologies, respectively the olivet rock of preparation formula 1-1 ~ 1-11.
It is the high speed shear effect of mechanical means for Montmorillonite Crystal that mechanical shearing method realizes the decrystallized central principle of montmorillonite, and the XRD spectra of the olivet rock prepared under different shear rate is shown by Figure 13.
It is that in ageing mixture process, effective alkali is for the erosion action of Montmorillonite Crystal that shaping ageing mixture method realizes the decrystallized central principle of montmorillonite, and the XRD spectra of material before and after ageing mixture process as shown in figure 14.Result shows, after ageing mixture process, the montmorillonite in wilkinite disappears mutually substantially.
Experimental result shows, be no matter which formula in 1-1 ~ 1-11, the olivet rock physicochemical property prepared by mechanical shearing method or shaping ageing mixture method is basically identical.The said ratio olivet rock prepared by shaping ageing mixture method or mechanical shearing method, its primary chemical consists of SiO
260 ~ 75wt%, Al
2o
36 ~ 14wt%, CaO1 ~ 5wt%, R
2o3 ~ 25wt%, H
2o5 ~ 25wt%; The Main physical character of olivet rock and natural peral rock compare as shown shown in 1-4:
Table 1-4 olivet rock compares with natural peral rock Main physical performance
The artificial perlitic water ratio of gained is measured by following manner:
1. utilize a certain amount of solid-state middle material of projection electronic weighing, be designated as M
1;
2., by weighing complete solid-state middle material as in ceramic crucible with cover, weighing overall weight, being designated as M
2;
3. crucible is placed in muffle furnace, is heated to 1000 DEG C, insulation 2h;
4. weigh the crucible after being cooled to room temperature, be designated as M
3, so the calculation formula of the water ratio W of material is in the middle of solid-state:
According to different needs, by controlling drying temperature and time of drying in drying process, artificial perlitic water ratio can be regulated artificially.By comparing of olivet rock and natural peral rock, the Main physical performance of olivet rock and natural peral rock is close, and possesses preparation process substantially without dust, the advantage that raw material availability height waits natural peral rock not possess; Moreover, compared to the limitation that natural peral rock grade is determined by geologic condition completely, the chemical constitution of olivet rock and physical and chemical performance all can realize artificial adjustment, do not limit by region.
Embodiment 2
The widely used reason of natural peral rock is that it is met high temperature and can be puffed to the inner light material in honeycomb structure, but the swelling temperature of natural peral rock is higher, is 1050 ~ 1350 DEG C; And popping fold depends primarily on the grade in natural peral rock ore deposit.Olivet rock not only has the expanded feature the same with natural peral rock, and swelling temperature is low, and preparation process does not need Mechanical Crushing, does not substantially produce dust pollution, and swelling product chemical stability is outstanding.In the present embodiment, test artificial perlitic popping fold in the following manner:
1. get appropriate sample to be tested with 10ml graduated cylinder, be about 1ml, be denoted as V
1(vibrating compacting as far as possible, until volume no longer changes);
2. sample to be poured into rapidly in the evaporating dish of calcination (action wants fast, and sample scatters) as far as possible, close upper furnace door timing, and observed by fire door vision slit, till or the hiss that sends when no longer including expanded no longer expanded until sample;
3. rapidly evaporating dish is taken out, measure the volume of puff after cooling again with 10ml graduated cylinder, be denoted as V
2(when not destroying particle, vibratory compaction as far as possible), the calculation formula of olivet rock popping fold K is:
Every a sample three parts of K are worth error≤0.5 times that is parallel to each other, and get arithmetical av; As overproof, roasting three parts again.
Rate of weight loss is the item key of pearlstone chemical stability, and in the present embodiment, the rate of weight loss testing method of olivet rock swelling product is as follows:
1. get appropriate olivet rock swelling product and be placed in stone roller body, mill 40 times;
2. take the fine powder pulverized and be about 3g (be accurate to radix point after 4), pour in beaker filled with hot water, guarantee there is no suspended particle;
3. 2h on well heater beaker being placed on 100 DEG C, then filter (filter paper is weighed in advance), the baking oven being placed in 100 DEG C together with filter paper is dried to constant weight.The expression formula of rate of weight loss is as follows:
In formula: w is the rate of weight loss of material, represents with percentage ratio; G
0for the original weight of material, unit is kilogram (kg); G is the quality after 2h hot water boils, and unit is kilogram (kg).
According to the proportioning raw materials mode described in embodiment 1, adopt shaping ageing mixture method or the olivet rock needed for mechanical shearing method preparation, by the expanded performance of olivet rock and the chemical stability of swelling product of aforesaid method test formulations 1-1 ~ 1-11, the expanded performance of olivet rock and the rate of weight loss test result of swelling product are as shown in table 2-1:
Table 2-1 olivet rock expanded performance and swelling product rate of weight loss test result
Embodiment 3
In the present embodiment, the impact of modulus of water glass for the properties of olivet rock of the present invention and swelling product thereof be probed into.Select the sodium silicate that 1#, 2# two kinds of moduluses are different, the parameter of water glass is as shown in table 3-1:
3-1 tests two kinds of water glass parameters used
Respectively with above-mentioned two kinds of water glass for raw material, the olivet rock being raw material with 1# water glass is defined as 1#, and the olivet rock being raw material with 2# water glass is defined as 2#, according to Al
2o
3content is by 14% ~ 4%, and the formula defining 1# and 2# olivet rock is respectively 3-1 ~ 3-11 and 3-12 ~ 3-22, adopts shaping ageing mixture method or mechanical shearing method to prepare the olivet rock of above-mentioned formula.Experimental result shows, the olivet rock outward appearance adopting two kinds of different modulus water glass to prepare is basically identical, and 1# hardness is a little less than 2#, and two kinds of the performance test results making perlitic expanded performance and swelling product are as shown in table 3-2,3-3:
Table 3-21# olivet rock expanded performance and swelling product the performance test results
Table 3-32# olivet rock expanded performance and swelling product the performance test results
Experimental result shows, compared to soluble glass of high modulus, olivet rock swelling temperature prepared by low modulus water glass is low, and popping fold is high, and the unit weight of swelling product is low, and chemical stability is slightly poor.
Embodiment 4
About in the research report of natural peral rock and pearlstone, the popping fold of natural peral rock and Na
2o/K
2the ratio of O is relevant.For this reason, in the present embodiment, Na in artificial perlite is regulated by introducing potash water glass
2o/K
2the ratio of O, probes into Na
2o/K
2the ratio of O is for the impact of olivet rock and swelling product thereof; The parameter of potash water glass used is as shown in table 4-1.
Table 4-1 tests potash water glass parameter used
Set Na in olivet rock respectively
2o/K
2the ratio of O is 0.5,1.0,1.5,2,2.5,3,3.5,4,4.5,5.0, based on the formula of testing 1-1 ~ 1-11 in embodiment 1, and R in guarantee often kind formula
2when O content is constant, by regulating the consumption of sodium silicate and potash water glass, make Na in each formula
2o/K
2the ratio of O reaches set(ting)value.Concrete formula and experimental result as follows.
Table 4-2Na
2o/K
2o ratio is the proportioning raw materials of 0.5
Experimental result shows, Na
2o/K
2when O ratio is 0.5, the impact for olivet rock expanded performance is not obvious, and concrete outcome is as shown in table 4-3.
Table 4-3Na
2o/K
2o ratio is 0.5 impact on popping fold
-Biao 4-4Na
2o/K
2o ratio is the proportioning raw materials of 1.0
Experimental result shows, Na
2o/K
2when O ratio is 1.0, the expanded performance for olivet rock has certain optimization function, and concrete outcome is as shown in table 4-5.
Table 4-5Na
2o/K
2o ratio is 1.0 impacts on popping fold
Table 4-6Na
2o/K
2o ratio is the proportioning raw materials of 1.5
Experimental result is as shown in table 4-7.
Table 4-7Na
2o/K
2o ratio is 1.5 impacts on popping fold
Table 4-8Na
2o/K
2o ratio is the proportioning raw materials of 2.0
Experimental result is as shown in table 4-9.
Table 4-9Na
2o/K
2o ratio is 2.0 impacts on popping fold
Table 4-10Na
2o/K
2o ratio is the proportioning raw materials of 2.5
Experimental result is as shown in table 4-11.
Table 4-11Na
2o/K
2o ratio is 2.5 impacts on popping fold
Table 4-12Na
2o/K
2o ratio is the proportioning raw materials of 3.0
Experimental result is as shown in table 4-13.
Table 4-13Na
2o/K
2o ratio is 3.0 impacts on popping fold
Table 4-14Na
2o/K
2o ratio is the proportioning raw materials of 3.5
Experimental result shows, Na
2o/K
2when O ratio is 3.5, the impact for olivet rock expansion ratio is not obvious, and concrete outcome is as shown in table 4-15.
Table 4-15Na
2o/K
2o ratio is 3.5 impacts on popping fold
Table 4-16Na
2o/K
2o ratio is the proportioning raw materials of 4.0
Experimental result is as shown in table 4-17.
Table 4-17Na
2o/K
2o ratio is 4.0 impacts on popping fold
Table 4-18Na
2o/K
2o ratio is the proportioning raw materials of 4.5
Experimental result is as shown in table 4-19.
Table 4-19Na
2o/K
2o ratio is 4.5 impacts on popping fold
Table 4-20Na
2o/K
2o ratio is the proportioning raw materials of 5.0
Experimental result is as shown in table 4-21.
Table 4-21Na
2o/K
2o ratio is 5.0 impacts on popping fold
Experimental result shows, regulates Na by introducing potash water glass
2o/K
2the ratio of O, different N a
2o/K
2olivet rock difference in appearance under O ratio is little, but different Na
2o/K
2the ratio of O has certain influence for the expanded performance of olivet rock, sums up as shown in table 4-22:
Table 4-22Na
2o/K
2o ratio is on the impact of olivet rock expanded performance
Embodiment 5
Olivet rock of the present invention and swelling product thereof, according to different needs, suitably can introduce subsidiary function auxiliary agent, as expanded a layer agent, alkali activator, puffing adjuvant, one or more in polymer modifiers, can play promotion preparation process, optimize the effect of swelling product physicochemical property.In the present embodiment, the various subsidiary function auxiliary agents of introducing are as shown in Table 5-1:
The subsidiary function auxiliary agent introduced in this example of table 5-1
Based on formula 1-1 ~ 1-11 in embodiment 1, adding above-mentioned subsidiary function auxiliary agent respectively, adding glycerine as expanding the experimental formula of layer agent as shown in table 5-2.
Table 5-2 introduces glycerine experiment proportioning
After introducing glycerine, produce beneficial effect for the ageing mixture process in olivet rock preparation process, its result is as shown in table 5-3 ~ 5-6:
Table 5-3 glycerine introduction volume is the impact of 0.5wt% for ageing mixture process
Table 5-4 glycerine introduction volume is the impact of 1.0wt% for ageing mixture process
Table 5-5 glycerine introduction volume is the impact of 1.5wt% for ageing mixture process
Table 5-6 glycerine introduction volume is the impact of 2.0wt% for ageing mixture process
Time result shows, being introduced in of glycerine facilitates ageing mixture process to a certain extent, shortens the ageing mixture time.The experimental formula of sodium hydroxide is introduced as illustrated in tables 5-7 in the present embodiment.
Table 5-7 introduces sodium hydroxide experiment proportioning
Introduce sodium hydroxide as alkali activator, have have promoter action for ageing mixture process, experimental result is as shown in table 5-8 ~ 5 ~ 12.
Table 5-8 sodium hydroxide introduction volume is the impact of 1.0wt% for ageing mixture process
Table 5-9 sodium hydroxide introduction volume is the impact of 2.0wt% for ageing mixture process
Table 5-10 sodium hydroxide introduction volume is the impact of 3.0wt% for ageing mixture process
Table 5-11 sodium hydroxide introduction volume is the impact of 4.0wt% for ageing mixture process
Table 5-12 sodium hydroxide introduction volume is the impact of 5.0wt% for ageing mixture process
Experimental result shows, the introducing of sodium hydroxide has good promoter action for ageing mixture process.Because the two all has good promoter action for ageing mixture, therefore, in an experiment, select both jointly to add, experimental formula is as shown in table 5-13.
Table 5-13 glycerine mixes with sodium hydroxide and adds proportioning raw materials
Experimental result shows, glycerine mixes with sodium hydroxide and adds more obvious for the impact of ageing mixture process than being introduced separately into glycerine or sodium hydroxide, and specific experiment data are as shown in table 5-14.
Table 5-14 glycerine mixes with sodium hydroxide and adds experimental data
In the present embodiment, as the boric acid of puffing adjuvant introduction volume as table 5-15 shown in.
The introduction volume of table 5-15 boric acid
The fusing point of boric acid is low, can improve the low temperature viscosity in pearl stone puffing process, can improve the popping fold of olivet rock swelling product to a certain extent, and its experimental result is as shown in table 5-16,5-17.
Table 5-16 boric acid introduction volume is the impact of 0.5wt% for popping fold
Table 5-17 boric acid introduction volume is the impact of 1.0wt% for popping fold
In the present embodiment, the magnesiumcarbonate heat introduced as puffing adjuvant is decomposed, and can be puffing process and provide extra power, what this experiment was selected is magnesium basic carbonate, and experiment proportioning is as shown in table 5-18.
Table 5-18 introduces magnesium basic carbonate experiment proportioning
Experimental result is as shown in table 5-19 ~ 5-21.
Table 5-19 magnesium basic carbonate introduction volume is the impact of 1.0wt% for popping fold
Table 5-20 magnesium basic carbonate introduction volume is the impact of 2.0wt% for popping fold
Table 5-21 magnesium basic carbonate introduction volume is the impact of 3.0wt% for popping fold
Because above two kinds of subsidiary function auxiliary agents all play promoter action to olivet rock puffing process, in an experiment, add two kinds of puffing adjuvants simultaneously, fill a prescription as shown in table 5-22.
Table 5-22 boric acid mixes with magnesiumcarbonate and adds proportioning raw materials
Experimental result shows, the mixing of two kinds of puffing adjuvants adds, and the impact for the expanded performance of olivet rock swelling product is better than being introduced separately into puffing adjuvant, and its concrete outcome is as shown in table 5-23.
Table 5-23 boric acid mixes with magnesiumcarbonate and adds experimental result
The introducing of polymkeric substance, have optimization function for the mechanical property of olivet rock swelling product and water tolerance, the polymkeric substance introduced in the present embodiment is styrene-acrylate emulsion, and its proportioning is as table 5-24
Table 5-24 introduces styrene-acrylate emulsion experiment proportioning
Experimental result shows, along with the introducing of polymkeric substance, the mechanical property of olivet rock swelling product and chemical stability all have lifting to a certain degree, and concrete outcome is as shown in table 5-25 ~ 5-27.
Table 5-25 introduces the experimental result of 1.0wt% styrene-acrylate emulsion
Table 5-26 introduces the experimental result of 3.0wt% styrene-acrylate emulsion
Table 5-27 introduces the experimental result of 5.0wt% styrene-acrylate emulsion
In the present embodiment, not introduce the olivet rock of any subsidiary function auxiliary agent and swelling product thereof for contrast object, experimental result shows, the introducing of subsidiary function auxiliary agent all creates certain beneficial effect for the preparation process of olivet rock and swelling product physicochemical property thereof, and its beneficial effect produced totally is concluded as described in table 5-28:
Table 5-28 subsidiary function auxiliary agent is on the impact of olivet rock and swelling product thereof
Embodiment 6
In the swelling product of natural peral rock, pearlstone sheet material is subject to increasing favor, but, owing to needing to introduce binding agent in board making process, can not only add cost, and be subject to the restriction of binding agent kind and performance, the sheet material chemical stability of preparation is poor, unit weight is high, fails to have given play to perlite light weight, feature that chemical stability is good.
Olivet rock of the present invention, swelling product is not only confined to particle product, and can directly be puffed to sheet material or block materials, once shaped, does not need to introduce any binding agent.Olivet rock expanded preparation of plates method is various,
The present embodiment is specifically addressed wherein one, to reach description effect.
Be used for preparing the olivet rock of expanded sheet material, in its chemical constitution, Al
2o
3content be generally 4 ~ 7wt%, specific embodiment is as follows:
1. the raw material configured is obtained highly viscous slurry by mechanical shearing method;
2. highly viscous slurry is poured in the mould of desired size, is dried to regulation water ratio at a certain temperature;
3. be put into after form removal in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, carry out puffing by the temperature schedule of regulation, after cooling, obtain the expanded sheet material of olivet rock.
In the process of puffing, according to specific needs, can select in resistant to elevated temperatures closed mould expanded, or select in the expanding apparatus of larger volume, expanded go out large volume bulk, then cut into sheet material or the bulk of desired size as required.By the expanded sheet material of olivet rock prepared by the present invention, mechanical property is good, and thermal conductivity is little, and abscess pore size is consistent and be evenly distributed, will according to Al
2o
3the difference of content, by Al
2o
3content is that the making sheet formula of 4 ~ 7wt% is defined as formula A ~ D, carries out correlated performance test according to the expanded sheet material of olivet rock that obtains of formula A ~ D, its result as shown in Table 6-1:
The expanded plate property test result of table 6-1 olivet rock
The expanded sheet material of olivet rock of the present invention, good mechanical performance, abscess pore size uniformity, preparation process is simple, workable, is suitable for suitability for industrialized production.
Claims (10)
1. an olivet rock, is characterized in that: by weight percentage, and raw material is calcium-base bentonite 10-75wt%, alkali metal silicate aqueous solution 25-90wt%, functional agent 0-5wt%; The chemical composition of olivet rock comprises: SiO
260-75wt%, Al
2o
36-14wt%, CaO1-5wt%, R
2o3-25wt%, H
2the hydrosilicate non-crystalline solids material of O5-25wt%, wherein R
2o is alkalimetal oxide.
2. a kind of olivet rock according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described alkali metal silicate aqueous solution, and chemical formula is R
2omSiO
29H
2o, wherein R is alkali metal, wherein 2.5≤m≤3.3.
3. a kind of olivet rock according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described alkali metal is one or more in Li, Na, K; Wherein Na
2o/K
2the ratio of O is 0.5-5.0.
4. a kind of olivet rock according to claim 1, is characterized in that: one or more for expanding layer agent, alkali activator, puffing adjuvant, in polymer modifiers of described functional agent.
5. a kind of olivet rock according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the agent of described expansion layer is glycerine; Alkali activator is one or more in sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, puffing adjuvant is one or more in boric acid, magnesiumcarbonate, zinc carbonate, and polymer modifiers is one or more in styrene-acrylate emulsion, benzene emulsion, styrene-butadiene emulsion, acrylate and vinyl acetate emulsion, vac-veova emulsion.
6. an olivet rock swelling product, is characterized in that: by olivet rock according to claim 1 through 400 ~ 1000 DEG C of puffings, obtains olivet rock swelling product.
7. a preparation method for olivet rock as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
Raw material is blended, then carry out moulding process, obtain formed material; Then formed material is carried out ageing mixture process, drying treatment, to obtain final product; Wherein ageing mixture treatment temp is not less than 20 DEG C;
Or raw material is mixed, obtain slurry, slurry is carried out high speed machine shearing treatment, it is shaping then to carry out moulding process, and drying treatment, to obtain final product; Wherein in high speed machine shearing treatment, shearing rate is not less than 15000s
-1, rotor speed is not less than 1000r/min.
8. the preparation method of a kind of olivet rock according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the described ageing mixture treatment time is 7-90 days.
9. the preparation method of a kind of olivet rock according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described moulding process is: same to mist projection granulating, granulating powders or extruder grain also pass through injection molding, and the demoulding, obtains formed material; Drying is: drying temperature 70-300 DEG C, time of drying 4-72h.
10. the preparation method of a kind of olivet rock according to claim 7, is characterized in that: after described drying treatment, and the water ratio of olivet rock is 5 ~ 25%.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104926171A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-09-23 | 宁波荣山新型材料有限公司 | Method for preparing expanded products by using fine perlite powder |
| CN105250147A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2016-01-20 | 广州市番禺盛达穗南有限公司 | Processing method for cleaning perlite, and cleaning perlite |
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| CN1970484A (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2007-05-30 | 四川嘉华企业（集团）股份有限公司 | Swelled perlite and its preparation method, its uses as modified microbead in producing high intensity low density oil well cement |
| CN103626476A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-03-12 | 信阳方浩实业有限公司 | Method for producing light-weight heat-insulating decorative ceramic plate by using solid waste in production and processing course of expanded pearlite |
| CN103936387A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-23 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for preparing light fly ash based heat insulating material |
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| JPS61163148A (en) * | 1985-01-10 | 1986-07-23 | ダイカライトオリエント株式会社 | Manufacture of expanded perlite |
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| CN105250147A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2016-01-20 | 广州市番禺盛达穗南有限公司 | Processing method for cleaning perlite, and cleaning perlite |
| CN105250147B (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2018-04-10 | 广州市番禺盛达穗南有限公司 | A kind of processing method of Clean- perlite and Clean- perlite |
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