CN104304341A - 一种土荆芥贮粮药包 - Google Patents
一种土荆芥贮粮药包 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104304341A CN104304341A CN201410601280.1A CN201410601280A CN104304341A CN 104304341 A CN104304341 A CN 104304341A CN 201410601280 A CN201410601280 A CN 201410601280A CN 104304341 A CN104304341 A CN 104304341A
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- powder
- bag
- grain
- weight portion
- chenopodium ambrosiodies
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种土荆芥贮粮药包,采用易取材,成本低,以辛辣拌随异香味、挥发性强且具一定驱杀作用的茵芋、蛇床、荠苎、臭椿叶、山苍子、芸香、土荆芥、花椒,通过干燥、碎解、拌以广谱抗菌防霉剂丙酸钠,灌装于无纺布筒袋,制成柱形药包,投置于贮粮内,以混合型挥发物驱杀仓贮害虫,对农家贮粮提供有效安全保障,且环保卫生,取用方便。还可广泛应用于大中小型贮粮库、贮粮具贮粮,还适用于对蔬菜、干果、糠麸、饲料等农产品的贮藏,以抑制和驱杀多种贮粮害虫的产生与危害。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种环保用品,具体地说涉及一种用以驱杀仓贮粮谷害虫的药包制作与应用。
背景技术
贮粮害虫是一类危害粮食、油料及其加工产品贮藏的昆虫与螨类,人们在粮食贮备过程中,往往遭受其危害,谷粒被害虫蛀食后,不仅造成贮粮重量损失,影响种子发芽率,害虫吐丝还常使粮食结块,虫粪、虫尸以及分泌的臭液则污染粮食,甚至产生毒素,或使粮食发热霉变,降低贮粮食用品质和营养价值,致使大量原粮浪费,对安全贮粮危害很大。
在仓贮管理上,为防减贮粮虫害损失,我国贯以遵循“以防为主,综合防治”的保粮方针,把“防”作为防治工作的基本手段,尽管在收获后利用日晒高温干燥,清扫空仓及器材,囤袋盛装后闭贮等物理方法予以除灭虫源,预防侵害,但因害虫个体小,会隐蔽,有的在籽粒成熟期就有虫卵寄生于种粒,难免还有少数害虫残存被带往粮囤,后期药物防治总是必不可少一环。每年在新收的稻谷、玉米、小麦等入仓时,最后常在平整的粮面上铺一层牛皮纸,纸上均匀压盖一层草木灰或紧密排列一层装入晒干沙子的麻袋或塑料袋,以隔绝外来害虫;在少量良种贮存时,有用生姜、花椒等辛香料晒干后放入贮粮中以免遭虫害;对豆类良种贮藏,为防止生发豆蝽象,农家还习惯用开水稍时浸烫。尽管如此,往往免不了在初夏还时常遭遇害虫侵害。为驱抑害虫我国至今仍还一直按常规,对稻谷、玉米、小麦、高粱等原粮粮库内应用拌放磷化铝、防虫磷或喷洒敌敌畏等化学农药,旨在封闭状态下,利用毒气进行熏杀灭虫。这些,尽管能杀死多种害虫,残毒较低,但取配应用很不方便,市场至今未见有应用于贮存粮谷方面的环保型中草药药包。
芸香科植物茵芋为常绿灌木,叶含茵芋碱、香豆素野栓翅芹素及山芹醇等,味芳香其含毒较烈,为我国南方主要有毒植物。
蛇床为伞形科一年生草本作物,具茴香的辛香味,主要成分为蒎烯、异龙脑类以及花椒毒酚、龙脑酯香芹醇、蛇床明素等挥发物,有小毒,具燥湿杀虫功效。
唇形科作物荠苎(又名臭苏),其干燥叶粉含有的主要成分为甲基丁香油酚、没药烯等挥发油具特异的毛气臭味。
臭椿叶为苦木科落叶乔木臭椿的干叶,其叶含臭椿苦内酯、臭椿辛内酯等,具特异的臭味,杀菌杀虫的功效。
山苍子为樟科作物山鸡椒的果实,富含柠檬醛等芳香性挥发油。
芸香为芸香科草本作物,茎叶含胡椒酮、牻牛儿醇以及柠檬烯等具有强烈刺激气味的挥发油,大多图书馆藏部门常将芸香草用以保护纸类藏品。
土荆芥别名臭草、虱子草等,为藜科藜属中国植物图谱数据库收录的有毒植物,其毒性为全草含有的驱蛔素、对聚伞花素及土荆芥酮、柠檬烯等挥发油具较强杀虫作用。
花椒为芸香科作物,花椒籽含有柠檬烯、月桂烯、芳樟醇等挥发油,具燥湿杀虫,浓郁的辛香味。
我国民间历史以来就有取用山苍子、花椒等防治储粮害虫、食品害虫、卫生害虫、杀菌防霉等方面应用,将以上所富含多种挥发油成分植物材料,碎解后拌以广谱抗菌防霉剂,灌装制成以混合型挥发物为成分的有效驱杀仓贮害虫药包,目前国内还未见报道与产品上市。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有农村贮粮,为防治虫蛀而造成损失,多年来一直延用化学农药,致使残留污染而缺少经济有效的防范办法。为改变市场此方面现无高效而又无污染驱杀贮粮害虫产品和技术,有利改进农村贮粮安全,减少粮食损失,维护人们身体健康,提供一种易取材,成本低,以辛辣拌随异香味、挥发性强且具一定驱杀作用的茵芋、蛇床、荠苎、臭椿叶、山苍子、芸香、土荆芥、花椒,通过干燥、碎解、拌以广谱抗菌防霉剂丙酸钠,灌装于无纺布筒袋,制成柱形药包,投置于贮粮内,以混合型挥发物驱杀仓贮害虫,对农家贮粮提供有效安全保障,且环保卫生,取用方便。
本发明是这样实现的:
一种贮粮药包,由布套与药材等填充物组成。即选用含辛辣拌随异香味且具富含挥发成分的无毒或微毒常用中草药为原料,经干燥、碎解后配以广谱抗菌防霉剂为填充物,取用透气耐用布质料为外包装材料,通过灌装缝制成柱形药包,分散埋覆于贮粮内,以有效驱杀贮粮害虫。
其具体制作方法为:
一种土荆芥贮粮药包,采用以下步骤制作:
1. 原料的釆集:
6-9月间,收取叶龄在35-45天臭椿树的绿色带梗羽状复叶,置阴凉通风处晾至水分降至12-15%;
7-8月间,及时釆摘山苍子由绿色转为棕褐色时的果实,置室内筛筐中晾至果皮起皱呈褐黑时翻晒至水分降至10-12%;
8-9月间,收取芸香以及土荆芥的花后茎叶,除去老枝后置通风处晾至水分降至12-15%;
2.原料的碎解:取中药饮片茵芋、蛇床、荠苎以及市售花椒,与晾干后的臭椿叶、山苍子、芸香、土荆芥,分别送入中药材干燥机,通过干燥使水分降至8%,再分别送入装有30目筛网的粉碎机碎解成粉料,分别制得茵芋粉料、蛇床粉料、荠苎粉料、臭椿叶粉料、山苍子粉料、芸香粉料、土荆芥粉料、花椒粉料;
3.制袋:取透气性好、环保型制袋用褐色无纺布,裁制缝成圆筒,并将一端缝实形成长筒袋;
4.配料:D.配料:取茵芋粉料35-40重量份、蛇床粉料35-40重量份、荠苎粉料20-25重量份、臭椿叶粉料25-30重量份、山苍子粉料30-35重量份、芸香粉料20-25重量份、土荆芥粉料25-30重量份、花椒粉料25-30重量份、市售(饲料)防霉剂丙酸钠0.2-1重量份;
5.罐装:先将茵芋粉料、蛇床粉料、荠苎粉料、花椒粉料依次倒入立式搅拌机,使物料均匀混合后,再将丙酸钠倒入充分搅匀,再依次将剩余原料臭椿叶粉料、山苍子粉料、芸香粉料、土荆芥粉料,依次倒入上述拌料中,充分搅拌,使物料充分混合均匀,形成贮粮药包填充料;选用螺旋式装袋机,将填充料投入料斗,将无纺布长筒袋套入筒式装袋口并用手握紧,开机使物料不断推进装实,形成半成品柱形药包;
6.封制成品:将装实药物后形成的半成品柱状药包,用缝包机将袋口缝合,再以单袋为单位及时外套塑料收缩膜,将膜袋封口后,通过远红外热收缩膜包装机塑封,制成成品土荆芥贮粮药包。
发明中,所述的粉碎机为多功能粉碎机。
发明中,制袋步骤中的裁制缝成圆筒,其直径为5-10㎝,长度为20-30㎝。
发明中,原料粉碎后到装袋时间不超过4小时。
发明中,可根据需要釆用50-100克袋装,用以瓜、豆等小品种贮藏。
本发明作用机理为:
贮粮药包以原料中草药内含的多种胺、烯、醇、醛等异香性挥发物质,在贮存的粮谷内,遇空气溢逸出多种害虫恶厌的气味和微毒气体,应用气控,人为地改变粮堆中的气体成分,利用物理因素作用于害虫有机体,造成不利于害虫生长的环境条件,以达到防治、控制及消灭虫害的目的。应用时,根据害虫的生物学特性,一般蛾类在粮面产卵深度在20-40厘米之间,在此粮面深度范围内分散埋覆药包,生产时,在填充物药材混合料内按重量比添入0.2%的广泛应用于饲料加工,具有较广的抗菌谱,对霉菌、真菌、酵母菌等都有一定抑制作用的抗菌防霉剂丙酸钠,使用证实在贮存的粮谷适宜的水分范围内,药包的驱杀害虫有效期为5-6个月。对常见的鞘翅目和鳞翅目类贮粮害虫如米黑虫、黄粉虫、豆象类、麦蛾、谷盗、螨类等均可有效驱杀,能使夏秋整个害虫高发期免遭危害。
由于农家贮粮常为零星,简仓塑袋或直接堆盖薄膜贮放,尤其新粮越年,极易招致鞘翅目和鳞翅目类如米黑虫、黄粉虫、豆象类、麦蛾、谷盗、螨类等害虫危害。目前农家使用的贮粮杀虫主要靠应用化学药剂,因杀虫剂的种类繁多,应用时,不仅要注意掌握时机,适时施药,还要根据害虫种类选用杀虫剂,而杀虫剂对人畜都有一定的毒性,在使用过程中不但要注意安全,对使用品种、喷洒熏蒸技术要求也很高。为了减少杀虫剂对人畜的危害,还要严格执行杀虫剂在食品中的残留标准,防止人畜长期食用带毒粮食而引起慢性中毒,而目前在广大农村对自产自留自食的原粮则检测得很少。农家为尽量减少使用化学农药,也常取用一些绿色中草药拌撒于粮谷中,但往往因取材不方便,就地取用材料又很单一,加之应用后受粮谷含水量的影响,时常因出现霉变而失去驱杀害虫效用。
本发明根据这一难题,采用易取材,成本低,以辛辣拌随异香味、挥发性强且具一定驱杀作用的茵芋、蛇床、荠苎、臭椿叶、山苍子、芸香、土荆芥、花椒,通过干燥、碎解、拌以广谱抗菌防霉剂丙酸钠,灌装于无纺布筒袋,制成柱形药包,投置于贮粮内,以混合型挥发物驱杀仓贮害虫,对农家贮粮提供有效安全保障,且环保卫生,取用方便。还可广泛应用于大中小型贮粮库、贮粮具贮粮,还适用于对蔬菜、干果、糠麸、饲料等农产品的贮藏,以抑制和驱杀多种贮粮害虫的产生与危害。
以下结合实施例,对本发明作较为详细的说明。
具体实施方式
实施例1,一种土荆芥贮粮药包,采用以下步骤制作:
1.原料的釆集:
6-9月间收取叶龄在35-45天苦木科臭椿树的绿色带梗羽状复叶,置阴凉通风处晾至水分降至12-15%;
7-8月间及时釆摘樟科作物山苍子由绿色转为棕褐色时的果实,置室内筛筐中晾至果皮起皱呈褐黑时翻晒至水分降至10-12%;
8-9月间,收取芸香科作物芸香以及藜科作物土荆芥的花后茎叶,除去老枝后置通风处晾至水分降至12-15%;
2.原料的碎解:取中药饮片茵芋、蛇床、荠苎以及市售花椒,与晾干后的臭椿叶、山苍子、芸香、土荆芥,分别送入中药材干燥机,通过干燥使水分降至8%,再分别送入装有30目筛网的粉碎机碎解成粉料,分别制得茵芋粉料、蛇床粉料、荠苎粉料、臭椿叶粉料、山苍子粉料、芸香粉料、土荆芥粉料、花椒粉料;
3.制袋:取透气性好、环保型制袋用褐色无纺布,裁制缝成直径5.5㎝,长20㎝圆筒,并将一端缝实形成长筒袋;
4.配料:取茵芋粉料35公斤、蛇床粉料38公斤、荠苎粉料24公斤、臭椿叶粉料26公斤、山苍子粉料30公斤、芸香粉料22公斤、土荆芥粉料26公斤、花椒粉料25公斤、市售饲料防霉剂丙酸钠450克;
5.罐装:先将茵芋粉料、蛇床粉料、荠苎粉料、花椒粉料依次倒入立式搅拌机,使物料均匀混合后,再将丙酸钠倒入充分搅匀,再依次将剩余原料臭椿叶粉料、山苍子粉料、芸香粉料、土荆芥粉料,依次倒入上述拌料中,搅拌4-5分钟,使物料充分混合均匀,形成贮粮药包填充料;选用螺旋式装袋机,将填充料投入料斗,将无纺布长筒袋套入筒式装袋口并用手握紧,开机使物料不断推进装实,形成半成品柱形药包;
6.封制成品:将装实药物后形成的半成品柱状药包,用缝包机将袋口缝合,再以单袋为单位及时外套塑料收缩膜,将膜袋封口后,通过远红外热收缩膜包装机塑封,制成成品土荆芥贮粮药包。
可根据需要釆用50-100克袋装,用以瓜、豆等小品种贮藏。
实施例2,本发明实施例1的茵芋贮粮药包,其应用方法为:
在贮粮害虫春季羽化期前,即室温上升至11-12℃时,根据贮具、贮室、谷仓贮量以及粮面表面积大小,适当整平粮面,按每平方米用药包一袋取用量,先将药包外收缩膜除去,将药包按“△”等间距直接埋入(按贮粮高度,超80㎝埋深40㎝,80㎝内埋入粮堆中部)粮中,并在贮粮表面上覆一层薄膜以全封盖,以防其挥发物升散外泄即可。
在梅雨季节,可结合对粮仓通风排湿,掀膜后抽查部分药包,以手握松软有弹性为正常,若贮粮含水量过高药包吸湿结块,为提高杀虫效果,则需结合粮谷翻晒重新更换药包。
应用后的药包在不拆封情况下,还可按每包加温水10㎏浸泡1-2小时,取用浸液喷浇花木、蔬菜,用以杀灭菜青虫与蚜虫等。
以上的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通工程技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明的权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
本发明未涉及部分均与现有技术相同或可采用现有技术加以实现。
Claims (5)
1.一种土荆芥贮粮药包,其特征在于,采用以下步骤制作:
A. 原料的釆集:
6-9月间收取叶龄在35-45天苦木科臭椿树的绿色带梗羽状复叶,置阴凉通风处晾至水分降至12-15%;
7-8月间及时釆摘樟科作物山苍子由绿色转为棕褐色时的果实,置室内筛筐中晾至果皮起皱呈褐黑时翻晒至水分降至10-12%;
8-9月间,收取芸香科作物芸香以及藜科作物土荆芥的花后茎叶,除去老枝后置通风处晾至水分降至12-15%;
B.原料的碎解:取中药饮片茵芋、蛇床、荠苎以及市售花椒,与晾干后的臭椿叶、山苍子、芸香、土荆芥,分别送入中药材干燥机,通过干燥使水分降至8%,再分别送入装有30目筛网的粉碎机碎解成粉料,分别制得茵芋粉料、蛇床粉料、荠苎粉料、臭椿叶粉料、山苍子粉料、芸香粉料、土荆芥粉料、花椒粉料;
C.制袋:取透气性好、环保型制袋用褐色无纺布,裁制缝成圆筒,并将一端缝实形成长筒袋;
D.配料:取茵芋粉料35-40重量份、蛇床粉料35-40重量份、荠苎粉料20-25重量份、臭椿叶粉料25-30重量份、山苍子粉料30-35重量份、芸香粉料20-25重量份、土荆芥粉料25-30重量份、花椒粉料25-30重量份、市售(饲料)防霉剂丙酸钠0.2-1重量份;
E.罐装:先将茵芋粉料、蛇床粉料、荠苎粉料、花椒粉料依次倒入立式搅拌机,使物料均匀混合后,再将丙酸钠倒入充分搅匀,再依次将剩余原料臭椿叶粉料、山苍子粉料、芸香粉料、土荆芥粉料,依次倒入上述拌料中,充分搅拌,使物料充分混合均匀,形成贮粮药包填充料;选用螺旋式装袋机,将填充料投入料斗,将无纺布长筒袋套入筒式装袋口并用手握紧,开机使物料不断推进装实,形成半成品柱形药包;
F.封制成品:将装实药物后形成的半成品柱状药包,用缝包机将袋口缝合,再以单袋为单位及时外套塑料收缩膜,将膜袋封口后,通过远红外热收缩膜包装机塑封,制成成品土荆芥贮粮药包。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种土荆芥贮粮药包,其特征在于:所述的粉碎机为多功能粉碎机。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种土荆芥贮粮药包,其特征在于:步骤C裁制缝成圆筒,其直径为5-10㎝,长度为20-30㎝。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种土荆芥贮粮药包,其特征在于:原料粉碎后到装袋时间不超过4小时。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种土荆芥贮粮药包,其特征在于:可根据需要釆用50-100克袋装,用以瓜、豆等小品种贮藏。
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