CN104299887A - High-light-effect and high-stability electrodeless induction electric discharge lamp system - Google Patents
High-light-effect and high-stability electrodeless induction electric discharge lamp system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104299887A CN104299887A CN201410587104.7A CN201410587104A CN104299887A CN 104299887 A CN104299887 A CN 104299887A CN 201410587104 A CN201410587104 A CN 201410587104A CN 104299887 A CN104299887 A CN 104299887A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J65/00—Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
- H01J65/04—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels
- H01J65/042—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field
- H01J65/046—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field the field being produced by using capacitive means around the vessel
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-light-effect and high-stability electrodeless induction electric discharge lamp system. According to the high-light-effect and high-stability electrodeless induction electric discharge lamp system, a capacitance induction discharge mode is used for repeated starting and triggering, and a lamp stably runs in an inductance induction discharge mode for synthesizing similar sine wave electrical signals. The electrodeless induction electric discharge lamp system can be smoothly started and stably operated in the -40 DEG C low-temperature environment and under the dark light conditions. Compared with an existing electrodeless lamp, the electrodeless induction electric discharge lamp system has the optical properties of the high power, the high light effect, the better color temperature, the better color rendering and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrodeless induction discharge device, specifically, relate to the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of a kind of specular removal high stability.
Background technology
Electrodeless induction discharge lamp is a kind of product developed for many years, and the US Patent No. 3500118 of the seventies has just been disclosed the basic configuration of electrodeless induction discharge lamp.90 annual US Patent No. 5834905 have been done some to the basic parameter of discharge lamp again and have been selected on the basis of above-mentioned patent.Chinese patent also has many sections to relate to electrodeless induction discharge lamp.The prior art being representative with above-mentioned patent all do not relate to electrodeless induction discharge electro-optic conversion mechanism and use this mechanism scientifically, effectively, the reasonably better light source electric system of production performance.
Disclosed in above-mentioned patent, the shortcoming of electrodeless induction discharge lamp is, the startup triggering of its input electrical signal adopted and operation mechanism, is still analogous to startup triggering and operational mode that fluorescent lamp uses.But due to the electrode that these electrodeless induction discharge lamps do not have fluorescent lamp all, the hot electron radiation produced after thus cannot forming heating electrode, then forms steady-state current and exports.Thus above-mentioned disclosed electrodeless induction discharge lamp low temperature (as-40 DEG C of ambient temperatures) and throughout the year darkroom (without photoenvironment; as stored freezer) etc. in environment, often can produce the problem that cannot start, start the easily damaged ballast components and parts of high pressure and long-term burning-point fault in mid-term.
Meanwhile, electrodeless induction discharge lamp is due to the Energy Coupling of higher frequency electromagnetic field, and its skin effect is obvious, and namely light emitting discharge region levels off to near-wall more, but not discharge tube axis place.Therefore, need more effective input radio frequency electrical signal of the frequency waveform, ensureing that excitation state and state of ionization plasma do not consume because diffusing to tube wall seriously, causing fluorescent tube caloric value to increase, and reducing light energy coupling efficiency.
Finally, two kinds of electrodeless induction discharge lamps disclosed in above-mentioned patent, it only forms illuminating product for mercury element as exciting discharging substance, thus in power, light efficiency, illumination color rendering and colour temperature, all has limitation.
The present invention is directed to the above-mentioned shortcoming of prior art, provide a kind of novel specular removal high stability electrodeless induction discharge lamp system.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the shortcoming of above-mentioned public technology, the invention provides the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of specular removal high stability novel as follows.
Specular removal high stability of the present invention electrodeless induction discharge lamp system (following be also called for short stepless lamp system), comprises electronic ballast of electrodeless lamp, is equipped with the fluorescent tube of mercury and/or sodium element and buffer gas, magnet ring and the wound wire coil around this magnet ring.It is characterized in that, it repeatedly starts triggering with electric capacity induced discharge pattern, makes lamp stable operation with the inductance induced discharge pattern of synthesizing the sinusoidal wave signal of telecommunication.Described electric capacity induced discharge pattern is by local induction, by discharge coil formed a kind of in short-range, along the induced discharge of the high electric field strength of fluorescent tube inner tubal wall directional spreding, wherein so-called short distance, such as, can be the 0.1-1.5cm place centered by discharge coil; Described inductance induced discharge pattern synthesizes the sinusoidal wave signal of telecommunication to export fluorescent tube magnet ring to, responded to produce axial electric field by magnet ring, and then the plasma stability electric discharge formed.
The feature of the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of described specular removal high stability is also, described electric capacity induced discharge is the plasma discharge that the short-range high field intensity electric field in discharge coil neighborhood is formed, its electric field line is mainly along tube wall directional spreding, and its effective value is between 50V/m-1000V/m.
Aforementioned specular removal high stability electrodeless induction discharge lamp system feature is also, described inductance induced discharge is input to fluorescent tube magnet ring to synthesize the sinusoidal wave signal of telecommunication, this signal of telecommunication triple-frequency harmonics accounts for the proportionality coefficient of first-harmonic between 5%-35%, and quintuple harmonics accounts for the proportionality coefficient of first-harmonic between 4%-25%.
Being further characterized in that of the above-mentioned electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of specular removal high stability, export the main running frequency of fundamental frequency as lamp operation of the signal of telecommunication using described synthesis sinusoidal wave, this frequency is between 100KHZ-300KHZ; The signal of telecommunication that described synthesis sinusoidal wave exports, can form the fundametal compoment of tube axial direction electric field intensity values in fluorescent tube between 10V/m-500V/m; The signal of telecommunication that described synthesis sinusoidal wave exports, can form the total component of harmonic wave of tube axial direction electric field intensity values in fluorescent tube between 2V/m-200V/m.
The feature of the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of above-mentioned specular removal high stability is also, the mercury in described fluorescent tube and/or the dividing potential drop of sodium are respectively, and mercury is independently 0.1Pa-10Pa, and sodium is independently 0.1Pa-5Pa, is 0.2Pa-15Pa during the combination of mercury sodium.
Above-mentioned specular removal high stability electrodeless induction discharge lamp system feature is also, its electronic ballast of electrodeless lamp has variable ratio frequency changer pio chip, inversion and high series impedance LC resonant circuit, feedback sense circuit and multiple harmonic output circuit.
The feature of the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of above-mentioned specular removal high stability is also, described variable ratio frequency changer pio chip can adopt conventional simulation chip, or adopts programmable digital inset formula chip.
The feature of the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of above-mentioned specular removal high stability is also, described variable ratio frequency changer pio chip is when electric capacity induced discharge, and its frequency can set flexibly, and its scope is between 300KHZ-8MHZ; It is held time and can set flexibly, between 10ms-2000ms.
The feature of the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of above-mentioned specular removal high stability is also, described inversion and high series impedance LC resonant circuit are when forming resonance potential and exporting, form fluorescent tube magnet ring outer around the higher electric field strength of wire coil neighborhood, its electric field strength intensity effective value is greater than 2000V/m, and its resonance frequency is between 100KHZ-300KHZ.
Above-mentioned specular removal high stability electrodeless induction discharge lamp system feature is also, described feedback sense circuit exceeds defined threshold at resonant energy or resonance time, close last secondary frequencies export and open after once the intermediate period that exports of initial VHF frequency between 200ms-2000ms; Described defined threshold voltage signal is between 0.8V-5V.
Above-mentioned specular removal high stability electrodeless induction discharge lamp system feature is also, described fluorescent tube overcoat magnet ring, the wire coil that magnet ring is wound around outward closely single-row arrangement be close to this magnet ring surface, its coil winding total number of turns is between 10 circle-30 circles, described coil can be uniformly distributed by 1-4 group, often organizes spread length between 1cm-5cm.
The feature of the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of above-mentioned specular removal high stability is also, described lamp tube outer surface and magnet ring inner surface are concentric structure, and both are less than 1cm at distance; Magnet ring and coiling assembly thereof may be selected to be single, also can be the described 2-4 around fluorescent tube symmetrically.
The feature of the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of above-mentioned specular removal high stability is also, described fluorescent tube magnet ring can be the ring-like magnet ring of open circles, and its top cross section can be rectangle; It is annulus outer surface is rectangle or regular polygon that this magnet ring also can be inner surface, and top cross section is rectangle.
Technical scheme of the present invention is specifically described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The light source that electrodeless induction discharge is formed, because it works in rf frequency section, therefore be also referred to as RF electrodeless light source, this light source is a kind of inductance induced plasma (ICP) electric discharge device.Although ICP electric discharge is widely used in spectroscopy, semiconductor technology and plasmaassisted processing and other fields because providing the plasma of efficient uniform, but can or how by ICP discharge mechanism science, be effectively applied to electrodeless induction discharge, the light source making it to be formed specular removal high stability there is not yet bibliographical information.
The most significant feature of ICP electric discharge has two kinds of distinct discharge modes, i.e. static discharge pattern (electric capacity induced discharge pattern) and induction discharge pattern (inductance induced discharge pattern).In describing afterwards, these two kinds of discharge modes are referred to as E electric discharge and H discharges (E discharge mode and H discharge mode) according to international conventional.Usually under H discharge mode, plasma electron concentration and light output exceed several order of magnitude compared with E pattern, simultaneously, can transform between two kinds of discharge modes, especially effectively can transit to the H pattern of higher ion bulk concentration at the E discharge mode of low plasma concentration (electron concentration) formation stages.Although the physical phenomenon of this kind of discharge mode has been understood by academia and has been familiar with, but do not utilize described physical phenomenon completely successfully, scientifically, effectively to produce the electrodeless induced electricity light source product of specular removal high stability with having consciousness up to now, these general and people still do not know the E discharge mode which kind of is concrete and H discharge mode be best suited for the triggering startup of electrodeless induced electricity light source product and stable operation closely related.
Because there is greatest differences the aspect such as the filler in ICP electric discharge device, air pressure, its discharging chamber structure, inductive condition, cause all variant significant E discharge mode of each ICP electric discharge device and H discharge mode.In addition, ever-changing also because of drive circuit of different ICP electric discharge devices, so the actual discharge characteristic sum of all kinds of ICP electric discharge device therefore and the effect produced has obvious difference.
Find in miscellaneous ICP discharge mode and be suitable for E discharge mode and the H discharge mode of the electrodeless induction charging source of specular removal high stability, or create novel E discharge mode separately and H discharge mode is the basic task that the present invention will complete.
As mentioned above, existing electrodeless induction discharge lamp is also a kind of ICP device, but it with which kind of E discharge mode and H discharge mode should start and stable operation actually smoothly, still belongs to unknown before the present invention proposes.Electrodeless induction discharge lamp existing at present, as a kind of illuminating product, is accepted extensively by domestic and international market.This type of lamp is by mercury element in inductively fluorescent tube, and then a kind of electric light source products of light emitting discharge.Electrodeless induction discharge lamp described by Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH CN1165582A is the Typical Representative of this kind of lamp, it launches the electromagnetic wave of radio-frequency region by high frequency magnetic core, coupling excites the electric discharge mercury atom in fluorescent tube, and then the 253.7nm ultraviolet that mercury atom is launched effectively can carry out luminous lighting by excitated fluorescent powder.Electrodeless induction discharge lamp described in above-mentioned patent, can form the illuminating product of light efficiency 80lm/W and higher brightness, at all kinds of lighting field, as all having remarkable result in factory floor illumination, road/tunnel illumination and light projector floodlighting engineering.But only address the lamp tube structure of electrodeless induction discharge lamp in above-mentioned patent, required radio frequency range wherein, other features of the rf frequency signal of telecommunication of light source enabling signal feature and stable operation all not to be addressed.
In fact, existing electrodeless induction discharge lamp, in the startup triggering and operation mechanism of input electrical signal, still adopts and is similar to the startup triggering and operational mode that fluorescent lamp uses.But due to the electrode that electrodeless induction discharge lamp does not have fluorescent lamp all, the hot electron radiation after heating electrode cannot be formed export to form steady-state current, thus existing electrodeless induction discharge lamp low temperature (as-40 DEG C of ambient temperatures) and throughout the year darkroom (without photoenvironment, as stored freezer) etc. in environment, defects such as cannot starting, start high pressure easily damaged ballast components and parts and break down in long-term burning-point can be produced.
In addition, existing electrodeless induction discharge lamp, owing to adopting the Energy Coupling of higher frequency electromagnetic field, its skin effect is obvious, and namely light emitting discharge region levels off to near-wall more, but not at electric discharge tubular axis place.Therefore, need the waveform of more reasonably input radio frequency electrical signal of the frequency, ensureing that excitation state and state of ionization plasma do not consume because diffusing to tube wall seriously, causing fluorescent tube caloric value to increase, and reducing light energy coupling efficiency.
Finally, the electrodeless induction discharge lamp described in above-mentioned patent, only using mercury element as exciting discharging substance, thus this lamp all has limitation in power, light efficiency, illumination color rendering and colour temperature.
And the contribution of the present invention to prior art is, electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of the present invention, in the signal of telecommunication to the changing the mechanism of light signal, have selected the conversion of specific E discharge mode to H discharge mode breakthroughly; With the synthesis sinusoidal wave signal of telecommunication input technology repeatedly started and containing high order harmonic component, system triggers is started and stable operation; And discharge in conjunction with the E type of electrodeless induction discharge self, the electric discharge of H type and the ins and outs such as skin effect, effectively excite as mercury, sodium element and the discharging substance that is combined to form thereof.
Simultaneously electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of the present invention is on the signal of telecommunication to the changing the mechanism of light signal, and by embedded chip can be adopted to instead of traditional analog chip, thus eliminates the shortcoming of circuit cure parameter.By selecting to adopt embedded chip work, can real-time response, form the parameter response in certain limit, ensure the flexibility exporting the signal of telecommunication.
Because specular removal high stability of the present invention electrodeless induction discharge lamp system have employed specific E type discharge mode and repeatedly Starting mode triggering startup, thus this system can start smoothly in the environment such as low temperature (as-40 DEG C of ambient temperatures) and long-term darkroom (without photoenvironment, as storage freezer); Run owing to system that employs specific H type discharge mode, so greatly eliminate or reduce described skin effect, thus significantly improve light efficiency.Finally, mercury element not only can be excited in the fluorescent tube of the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of specular removal high stability of the present invention to form Discharge illuminating, sodium or sodium mercury composite component can also be excited to form Discharge illuminating, it further improves the various performance parameters of electrodeless induction discharge lamp, comprises power, light efficiency, illumination color rendering and colour temperature.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1, be the structural representation of the electrodeless induction discharge fluorescent tube of specular removal high stability of the present invention;
Fig. 2, be the schematic diagram showing E type of the present invention electric discharge and transient state plasmoid;
Fig. 3, be the schematic diagram showing the concentration value distribution of E type of the present invention electric discharge lower transient state plasma z-axis direction;
Fig. 4, be show present system setting rf frequency and the schematic diagram of time mechanism thereof;
Fig. 5, be axial electric field E2 distribution schematic diagram when showing that present system does not trigger startup;
Fig. 6, be show present system trigger start after the schematic diagram of H type electric discharge axial electric field E2 distribution;
Fig. 7, be the schematic diagram showing present system other magnet ring external surface shape structure;
Fig. 8, be show present system other tapped-windings schematic diagrames around magnet ring shape and structure;
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram showing the high series impedance of present system, the LC series resonant inverter resonant circuit of variable frequency speed;
Figure 10, be show present system H type electric discharge skin effect under the schematic diagram of the horizontal r directional spreding of E2 electric field strength;
Figure 11, be show present system, describe the schematic diagram of the horizontal r directional spreding of plasma density (electron concentration) under H type electric discharge skin effect;
Figure 12, be the schematic diagram showing the E2 space electric field distribution that H type electric discharge induced field B induction is formed;
Figure 13, be the schematic diagram of the output synthesis class sinusoidal electric signals of showing present system;
Figure 14, be show the output synthesis class sinusoidal electric signals first-harmonic of present system, the schematic diagram of three times and quintuple harmonics;
Figure 15 shows that the embedded chip of present system exports the design circuit schematic diagram of synthesis class sinusoidal signal.
Embodiment
See accompanying drawing 1.Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of specular removal high stability of the present invention, ferrite bead 1 shown in it, tightens closely connected tight magnet ring surface around it and tight single-row arrangement outer around wire coil 2 and the interior closed electrodeless lamp tube 3 being placed on ferrite bead.And all kinds of signals of telecommunication exported by electronic ballast of electrodeless lamp (not shown) are by the input as electrodeless lamp tube of the joint of wire coil 2.
The following describes particular content of the present invention:
1. the triggering of the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of the present invention starts
The ballast initial employing ultrahigh radio frequency rate-adaptive pacemaker alternate electrical signal of electrodeless induction discharge lamp system, by compact arranged on surface of the light tube magnet ring, and outer around wire coil with its close contact, form the local induction E type electric field strength in fluorescent tube.
Described local induction E type high field intensity strength electric field, inspires transient state plasma in fluorescent tube.
There is electrode light source product different from fluorescent lamp etc., Non-polarized lamp is not owing to having electrode, triggering startup stage, cannot be formed as heating electrodes such as fluorescent lamps and form the hot electron radiation of electrode, therefore the plasma density parameter of the initial generation of Non-polarized lamp initial period is very crucial.
With the initial coupling of ultrahigh radio frequency frequency alternate electrical signal, its frequency and coupling time all comparatively conventional fluorescent lamps want high, to form external electromagnetic field radiation that is stable, that can maintain certain hour.See accompanying drawing 2.Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram showing E type of the present invention electric discharge and transient state plasmoid.As shown in Figure 2, be wound on magnet ring 1 with compact arranged wire coil 2, its due to line end alternating voltage poor, define alternation radial electric field E1, its electric field strength meet:
It is wherein radial electric field field intensity, for input alternating voltage effective value (namely electronic ballast of electrodeless lamp exports the voltage difference Vout1-Vout2 at two ends), being the magnetic ring coil number of turn, is coil turn coverage, for coupling factor, relevant to dielectric constant of air and electric wire medium etc.
Through measurements and calculations, effective value can reach between 50V/m-1000V/m, short distance centered by discharge coil, and be filled with in fluorescent tube inert gas pressure not high (within 400Pa) and elastic collision frequency not high time, effectively can ionize mercury atom (ionizing energy needed for mercury is 10.4eV) and/or sodium atom (ionizing energy needed for sodium is 5.14eV).
Wherein wire coil can adopt Teflon copper conductor wire coil, it can soft bending, and thus can be looped around on the surface of magnet ring cross-sectional direction, its coil winding total number of turns is between 10 circle-30 circles, described coil can be uniformly distributed by 1-4 group, often organizes spread length between 1cm-5cm.Fig. 2 is wherein one group of coil winding magnet ring and the structure that formed, and in addition as Fig. 8 shows, can select on two groups of coil winding magnet rings, same coil winding total number of turns, between 10 circle-30 circles, often organizes spread length between 1cm-5cm.
In addition, lamp tube outer surface 31 and magnet ring inner surface are concentric structure, as shown in Fig. 2,7,8.Both are less than 1cm at distance.
Here need to emphasize, through test, number of turns, when being greater than 5cm, lamp tube outer surface 31 and magnet ring inner surface distance lower than 10 circles, spread length and being greater than 1cm, all can cause radial electric field E1 to reduce effective value because space is spuious, namely cannot reach the electric field strength of activated plasma.
Simultaneously, above-mentioned plasma is formed due to the radial electric field E1 relying on wire coil to produce completely, thus the activated plasma formed because of this energy that is coupled is entirely real-time change, namely weaken or the electric field of moment disappears and all can cause in real time and reduce because of the activated plasma concentration consumption of the reasons such as tube wall compound, therefore this type of plasma is referred to as transient state plasma.
Because transient state plasma is under follow-up resonance potential trigger mechanism, form the initial plasma of plasma snowslide, thus to keep and to expand its concentration value particularly crucial.In order to avoid the loss produced because of tube wall multiple mechanism, very crucial by increasing initial rf frequency value and maintaining the initial rf frequency time.By calculating, be greater than 300KHZ and the initial rf frequency maintaining more than 10ms just effectively can maintain this transient state plasma density.
Keep to meet E type electric discharge needs in fluorescent tube and expand the requirement of its plasma density, especially the different capacity electrodeless lamp tube tube wall recombination loss feature that all difference, number of turns and radial electric field E1 field intensity are also different, initial radio frequency frequency needs can set flexibly.As schematically shown, shown in present system setting rf frequency and the accompanying drawing of time 4 thereof, the time width of its f1 ultrahigh radio frequency frequency can change between 10ms-2000ms, and its frequency values changes between 300KHZ-8MHZ.
Here need to emphasize, the time width of f1 ultrahigh radio frequency frequency and frequency values scope export by the ballast variable ratio frequency changer chip in electrodeless induction discharge lamp system and circuit thereof and are formed.And known by survey calculation, transient state plasma high energy electron (the being greater than 5eV) wretched insufficiency that below 10ms is formed, cannot effectively accumulate completely; And being greater than the f1 time invalid time of more than 2000ms, high energy electron increases the weight of due to tube wall compound, cannot rise and accumulate plasma density.In addition, test finds, the frequency being greater than 300KHZ can make single plasma move and both obtain enough energy, but tube wall recombination losses will be caused serious because the excessive kinetic energy of energy crosses foot; Meanwhile, all kinds of variable ratio frequency changer chips of selection, can form stabilized frequency and export within 8MHZ.
Above-mentioned about the phenomenon of radial electric field E1 with the transient state plasma of this energy of coupling formation, be referred to as the electric discharge of E type by international academic community convention.Its f1 frequency values, frequency time, radial electric field intensity E1, fluorescent tube caliber, inert gas plenum pressure and other parameters are referred to as E type discharge parameter.The feature of E type electric discharge is that ionic plasma concentration is low, and region of discharge is narrow, and plasma is transient state etc.In stepless lamp system of the present invention, obviously can observe that the electric discharge of E type is only formed and loss in the cylindrical tube inner region at fluorescent tube magnet ring 1 and coil 2 place, schematically figure 3 shows the state (its z-axis direction and fluorescent tube tube axial direction) that the lower transient state plasma of E type electric discharge distributes along Z-direction.
After the above-mentioned initial ultrahigh radio frequency f1 frequency maintenance stage, signal frequency offsets to low frequency direction, by can the rate travel of flexible, can reach between 0.2KHZ/ms-20KHZ/ms near a certain signal frequency, this can see f2-1, f2-2, the f2-3 in accompanying drawing 4.This on-fixed variable frequency speed, be compared to fluorescent lamp frequency-sweeping igniting circuit, it is advantageous that, can change according to the running parameter (as f1 frequency values, frequency time, radial electric field intensity E1, fluorescent tube caliber and inert gas plenum pressure) under previous stage E type discharge scenario.Its object and motion mechanism are, record E type discharge parameter data, and fix resonant inductance, resonant capacitance and high impedance series resistance parameter by the high series impedance LC series resonance coupling circuit of such as Fig. 9, determine resonant frequency range, its resonant frequency range can be determined by following formula:
Wherein, be input resonant circuit voltage, the conventional block isolating circuit (as shown in Figure 9 56 capacitance Cdc) that is through is ac voltage signal afterwards; For alternating current circuit circular frequency; For alternating current circuit frequency, the f2-2 scope of respective figure 4 during resonance; For the induction reactance of resonant inductance 54; For resonant capacitance capacitive reactance (as shown in Figure 9 the series connection of 55C1 and C2); 53 is LC resonant circuit series impedance.
The resonance frequency drawn with above-mentioned formulae discovery is between 100KHZ-300KHZ.
Close near the f2-2 frequency range of resonance frequency, have:
Therefore 53RLC series impedance, plays the effect determining resonance potential value.
Here require emphasis: differently with frequency-sweeping igniting circuit from classic fluorescent lamp resonant to be, first, Non-polarized lamp deviation frequency speed is adjustable, especially between resonant frequency point 0.8f to 1.2f, deflection rate is obviously turned down, between 0.2KHZ/ms-20KHZ/ms, this can see the f2-2 in accompanying drawing 4.Its object is not only to be formed high magnetic flux density and high field intensity axial electric field in magnetic core traditionally, that is:
Be wherein magnetic flux in magnet ring; For magnet ring magnetic flux density; For magnet ring cross section effective area; For axial electric field.From schematically show present system do not trigger startup time the accompanying drawing 5 of distribution of axial electric field, before not forming avalanche breakdown plasma, spatial distribution be spuious, especially oriented fluorescent tube outer scattering major part high-frequency alternating field composition, thus it is limited for triggering the contribution starting plasma snowslide.
What thus prior triggering started plasma avalanche breakdown is, form resonance high voltage in series LC resonant circuit to export, make fluorescent tube magnet ring outer around the higher electric field strength of wire coil neighborhood generation further, its electric field strength intensity effective value is greater than 2000V/m, forms the E type electric discharge of more high strength.
Here need to emphasize, because resonance high-voltage is high compared with the output voltage in f1 frequency stage more than 2 times, thus can form electric field strength intensity effective value and be greater than 2000V/m, and can compared with f1 frequency stage more effective accumulation high energy electron (being greater than 5eV), and abundance form inelastic collision with mercury or sodium atom, for plasma snowslide provides basic condition.
By the E type strength of discharge of more high strength, the transient state plasma density produced is made to promote increase further, therefore required axial electric field strength will decrease, so by above-mentioned, artificial increasing resistance, within effective value is reduced to 2800V when making resonance, plasma avalanche breakdown can be formed equally.Wherein the low series impedance that requires of resistance and fluorescent lamp is different, between 20-200 Ω.
Thus can be understood by aforementioned E type discharge characteristics, between resonant frequency point 0.8f to 1.2f, require that deflection rate obviously reduces, its main purpose is to strengthen E type electric discharge higher electric field strength at this moment and transient state plasma density, thus applying lower axial electric field and can form plasma avalanche breakdown.
Finally, preferably, comprise as shown in Figure 1, two magnet ring and coiling assembly thereof can supplement transient state plasma mutually, couple electronic ballast E type discharge energy is more simultaneously, advantageously start in the triggering of fluorescent tube that to form inductively E2 electric field be main body, can discharge around the H type of whole fluorescent tube (as schematically shown present system, trigger start after the accompanying drawing 6 of H type electric discharge axial electric field distribution shown).
Here need to emphasize, the structure not necessary architectural feature of electrodeless induction discharge lamp of two magnet ring and coiling assembly thereof, magnet ring and coiling assembly thereof may be selected to be single, also can be symmetrical 2-4 around fluorescent tube.Its adequate condition is that forming H type electric discharge axial electric field closed circuit distributes.
In addition, the present invention also comprises other structure of the fluorescent tube shown in accompanying drawing 7 of other outer surface structure as schematically shown present system, and wherein fluorescent tube magnet ring can be inner surface be annulus outer surface is rectangle or regular polygon, and top cross section is rectangle.
2. the repeatedly triggering of the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of the present invention starts;
From foregoing teachings, apply lower axial electric field and can form plasma avalanche breakdown, therefore its require resonance time within effective value can be reduced to 2800V.This durability for the switching tube of electronic ballast of electrodeless lamp basis inverter circuit will provide great stability.
The switching tube of conventional electronic ballast of electrodeless lamp basis inverter circuit adopts 51,52 quick MOSFET pipes usually, its principle is voltage driven current type transistor, under the big current short time impacts, especially, under the heavy current impact when resonance point position, very easily accumulating amount of heat cannot discharge and damage fault.
But simultaneously, in order to ensure that the Non-polarized lamp under types of applications environment can start triggering even running, especially low temperature (as-40 DEG C of ambient temperatures) and throughout the year darkroom (without photoenvironment, as stored freezer) etc. can start triggering and even running in environment, the long resonant ignition of certain needs (the i.e. low deflection rate of 0.8f to 1.2f and the high maintenance time under resonance frequency, no matter the radial E1 electric field electric discharge of E type or axial E2 electric field all have this to need), although resonant ignition high pressure effective value effectively can be reduced by the electric discharge of E type, but still cannot guarantee under MOSFET fault-free short time big current energy accumulation requirement, disposable triggering starts electrodeless lamp tube.
Based on the above fact, need to use present system repeatedly to trigger startup, electronic ballast of electrodeless lamp in present system exceeds the quick MOSFET pipe 51 of electric ballast inversion resonant circuit as of fig. 9 shown in resonance potential energy measuring, 52 bear the limit or resonance potential time when exceeding upper limit threshold scope, implement to trigger and turn off, close 61 embedded chip rate-adaptive pacemaker, and after the some cycles of interval, repeating to reoffer same exporting with ultrahigh radio frequency frequency f 1 is initial triggering starter motor, until plasma snowslide in triggering fluorescent tube, form stable H type electric discharge.
Different from conventional fluorescent, the repeatedly triggering Initiated Mechanism that the present invention provides for this system, start (but not the electrode height hot electron radiation of fluorescent lamp triggers startup) mechanism based on the triggering of E type electric discharge, thus necessarily require that electric ballast is by detection means as described below, first rate-adaptive pacemaker is closed exceeding on threshold range basis, same exporting as initial triggering Initiated Mechanism with ultrahigh radio frequency frequency f 1 is provided and then, restarts the electric discharge of E type.
In order to avoid as fluorescent lamp flip chip the direct closedown chip power supply that adopts, and re-powering power supply with the triggering Initiated Mechanism ensureing " accent comes again " formula, the above-mentioned Initiated Mechanism that repeatedly triggers preferably can complete said procedureization operation by 61 embedded chips (as MCU); The ADC utilizing chip itself to carry detects charged in parallel electric capacity 58 voltage signal of pin senses input, when it exceedes threshold value, internal processes turn off driven MOS FET51,52 the GPIO mouth of 61 embedded chips, and again export initial driving and the rate-adaptive pacemaker carrying out MOSFET by hyperfrequency after time delay some cycles.
Here require emphasis: 61 embedded chips close intermediate period that after last secondary frequencies exports and opens, once initial VHF frequency exports should drop to according to the unlikely loss of transient state plasma density formed as aforementioned E type electric discharge lower than its f1 frequency time section as shown in Figure 4 the least concentration value that accumulates.Because academia does not have theoretical explanation in this respect yet, the present inventor is according to experiment calculation, and this time interval should between 200ms-2000ms.
61 embedded chip resonant energy testing mechanisms can comprise: the bleeder circuit 57 and the rectification circuit that detect resonance output charge to Detection capacitance 58, and owing to limiting by the pin function of embedded chip ADC, its value of exceeding standard scope can be set between 0.8V-5V; Also can detect the corresponding resonance potential time, due to the performance of the MOSFET pipe 51,52 of selection, therefore the threshold range that exceeds standard of its single resonance potential time can be set as between 20ms-500ms, can not be greater than 500ms.
3. the operation electro-optic conversion of the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of the present invention;
As foregoing teachings, the electric discharge of E type can effectively provide fluorescent tube to trigger the effective transient state plasma density before starting with its high electric field strength, but owing to itself belonging to contiguous range induction field, its plasma excited only is formed and loss in the cylindrical tube inner region at fluorescent tube magnet ring 1 as shown in Figure 3 and coil 2 place.
Therefore real with the snowslide of this transient state plasma density formation plasma, the maintenance effect dependence E type electric discharge producing " all one's life two, two raw four, and even infinity " completes to E2 electric field synergistic with magnet ring inductive axis.
And after startup completes, then substantially rely on magnet ring inductive axis to maintain the light emitting discharge of whole fluorescent tube to E2 electric field.Shown in accompanying drawing 5 and accompanying drawing 6, starting the stable plasma electric discharge triggering rear formation, it can change form and the profile of E2 electric field line, makes it the plasma being more close to fluorescent tube inside, but not spuious to fluorescent tube.
More than trigger after starting, be referred to as the electric discharge of H type with the electric discharge of magnet ring induced magnetism flux density B and then the E2 electric field that produces coupling fluorescent tube plasma.Its electric field line profile is completely identical with tube axial direction, reduces the loss of plasma, and plasma discharging bulk concentration and light output all exceed several order of magnitude compared with the electric discharge of E type.
Different from conventional fluorescent, system of the present invention needs to pay close attention to the skin effect existed in the electric discharge of Non-polarized lamp H type, as shown in Figure 10, its principle is: by the magnet ring wound wire coil input electric ballast alternative frequency signal of telecommunication, produce magnet ring internal high frequency alternating flux, i.e. high frequency B induced field, and excite high-frequency alternating E2 electric field in fluorescent tube according to following maxwell's electromagnetic field principle.
By calculating, the effective value of high-frequency alternating E2 electric field, between 10V/m to 500V/m, its essence is and to be directly proportional to the effective value inputing to magnet ring wire coil.
But additionally by the above-mentioned Maxwell's field equation of calculating, under r lateral coordinates component, can draw, E2 electric field also exists the uneven situation of spatial distribution, as shown in Figure 10, its field intensity on tube axial direction is on the weak side, and presents maximum on the axial tube wall moving direction of pipe, and is finally reduced to the null value at tube wall place.Its qualitative interpretation also can be understood, as shown in Figure 12, high-frequency induction magnetic field B forms the E2 electric field line around its circular contour in space, and this electric field line must to be distance B magnetic field line more far away more sparse, but due to B magnetic field line be close ring, Gu Guanzhouchu owing to adding up, therefore forms smooth downward trend everywhere.Overall E2 electric field line spatial intensity distribution belongs to Central Symmetry distribution, as shown in Figure 10.The spatial-intensity uneven distribution of E2 electric field line, and level off to tube wall time present maximum effect be referred to as skin effect.
Can be obtained by the spatial-intensity uneven distribution skin effect of E2 electric field, plasma density and the fluorescent lamp of space r transverse direction are completely different, and the tubular axis concentration presented as shown in Figure 11 is lower, and the tube wall that levels off to presents the effect of maximum.On this basis, the plasma loss be compounded to form by tube wall will comparatively fluorescent lamp be serious, namely unit tube shaft length needs to be coupled larger input energy to maintain required axial plasma density, and this is also that electrodeless lamp tube electric current is compared to one of fluorescent lamp reason exceeding several times.
The plasma loss that tube wall is compounded to form, it is form atom form after plasma strike tube wall in essence, and by the kinetic energy of himself with excite potential energy to be converted into the heat energy of tube wall material and lose.If this effect can not effectively be avoided, then can cause the problem that electrodeless lamp tube luminous efficiency declines.
And one of solution of the problems referred to above, the electric ballast inversion combinational circuit be described in this patent exports the signal of telecommunication 4 of synthesis sinusoidal wave.
The signal of telecommunication of its sinusoidal wave exports, be rich in all kinds of harmonic components on sinusoidal wave 41 (frequency the is running frequency) basis of base time (first-harmonic), wherein with triple-frequency harmonics 42 and quintuple harmonics 43 ratio maximum, form the synthesis sinusoidal wave signal of telecommunication and export to electrodeless lamp tube magnet ring, maintain plasma current stabilization electric discharge in fluorescent tube.
Its synthesis sinusoidal wave exports in the signal of telecommunication, and triple-frequency harmonics 42 accounts for the proportionality coefficient of first-harmonic between 5%-35%, and quintuple harmonics 43 accounts for the proportionality coefficient of first-harmonic between 4%-25%.As shown in accompanying drawing 13,14, provide the waveform of triple-frequency harmonics, quintuple harmonics and the synthesis of first-harmonic.
Shown in accompanying drawing, add three times and the acting as of quintuple harmonics, the peak fractions of operation fundamental frequency is made to become smooth, namely standard sine wave signal is progressively close to square-wave signal, to suppress acceleration in a direction of space of plasma (electronics) under half electric field cycle and range ability, make it to reduce and clash into tube wall and then the probability that loses (because its plasma density maximum is no longer present in tubular axis, but more press close to tube wall, so this effect is more obvious).
By reducing the tube wall compound of clashing into tube wall and then loss, the tube wall heating temp of Non-polarized lamp is in obviously measuring decline.For any one light source, heating is the most serious impotence energy consumption except luminescence, can measure to obtain now Non-polarized lamp light efficiency and have obvious rising.
Can be preferred, 61 embedded chips (as MCU) can be selected to form extra interpolation triple-frequency harmonics or quintuple harmonics circuit, as shown in Figure 15.It is by two GPIO mouths of MCU, the inverter circuit 59 that drive principle is as identical in basic inverter circuit, and the effective value of its three times of exporting or quintuple harmonics, obtained by 510 bleeder circuits by basic output voltage, form right output by 511 shown two high withstand voltage diodes, namely supplement required three times or quintuple harmonics.Its 4 synthesis sinusoidal wave exports the signal of telecommunication of 4, can form the total component of harmonic wave of tube axial direction electric field intensity values in fluorescent tube between 2V/m-200V/m.Here need to emphasize, according to the expansion formula of Fourier series, the compare proportionality coefficient of its fundamental frequency signal of the triple-frequency harmonics of square-wave signal in expansion formula is 33% completely, and quintuple harmonics is compared, the proportionality coefficient of its fundamental frequency signal is 25%, thus this patent emphasizes that the triple-frequency harmonics of the signal of telecommunication accounts for the proportionality coefficient of first-harmonic between 5%-35%, and quintuple harmonics accounts for the proportionality coefficient of first-harmonic between 4%-25%.Meanwhile, calculate the signal of telecommunication of amplifying out described synthesis sinusoidal wave and exporting with this, make the total component of harmonic wave of tube axial direction electric field intensity values in fluorescent tube between 2V/m-200V/m.
In addition, the synthesis sinusoidal wave mechanism that this part describes and the effect that plasma density loss is reduced thereof, can effectively excite with mercuryvapour, Sodium vapour be main excited species fluorescent tube in plasma, it is independently 0.1Pa-10Pa that mercury in fluorescent tube or sodium dividing potential drop are respectively mercury, sodium is independently 0.1Pa-5Pa, is 0.2Pa-15Pa during the combination of mercury sodium.
Finally, be necessary to emphasize, in above-mentioned Non-polarized lamp electro-optic conversion mechanism, preferred use embedded chip, inside comprises ALU (logic computing unit), internal memory and FLASH, the design adopting Harvard's dual-bus structure (data/address bus and program bus) can be selected, by inside embed the set content of program (as C or C Plus Plus) can perform the present invention the content that limits.Such as, after end ultra-high frequency is held time, select to speed during frequency offset, its by the good tube design parameter of inner setting (as magnet ring number of turns, basis export the signal of telecommunication, resonant inductance L, resonant capacitance C, series impedance RLC, ultra-high frequency f1 value and its hold time), select the low speed in scope as claimed in claim or run at a high speed, ensureing that locating to select reasonable rate to help fluorescent tube to start at resonance frequency 0.8f to 1.2f forms the electric discharge of H type.
The electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of specular removal high stability of embodiment 1 adopts and overlooks the power as accompanying drawing 1 being seen as circle is the electrodeless lamp tube of 200W, and its relevant parameter comprises:
Fluorescent tube cross-sectional diameter is 58mm, unitary closed central shaft road length 860mm;
Fluorescent tube adopts two magnet ring symmetry to install, and magnet ring wound wire coil is Teflon coil, inner 0.5mm2 wire diameter, one group of coil turn 17 circle, tight single-row spread length 28mm;
Fill mercury in fluorescent tube as exciting discharging substance, it normally starts rear mercury-vapor pressure at about 0.8Pa, and interior filling Krypton is as buffer gas, and air pressure is at about 20Pa;
Electric ballast 54 resonant inductance 120uH, the total capacitance 4100pF of 55 series resonant capacitance, series connection high impedance is 45 Ω;
Electric ballast can provide 500V DC high voltage, and it is by 56 its flip-flops of capacitance filtering, can form ac high voltage by 61MCU output frequency control 51,52MOSFET;
The initial ultra-high frequency of electric ballast is 0.6MHz, maintains 50ms; Backward frequency offset, deflection rate adopts at the uniform velocity 5KHZ/ms;
Electric ballast 57 resonant energy testing circuit is that the bleeder circuit that exported by resonance and rectification circuit are formed 58 Detection capacitances chargings, and when charging to after 4.8V after 2us, MCU can close down the signal of rate-adaptive pacemaker to 51,52 i.e. M1 and M2; Meanwhile, after the 1000ms of interval, re-execute the initial output frequency that hyperfrequency exports;
According to above-mentioned initial conditions, triggering startup stage, effectively can produce the E type electric discharge E1 electric field of 200V/m, be about in the distance of 0.01cm-0.05cm at electron mean free path, the high energy electron that portions of electronics accelerates to be formed is enough to ionize Hg atom (EEDF of electronics now confirms by international academic community, is Druyvesteyn distribution).Meanwhile, in the maintenance hyperfrequency stage, because frequency is far above running frequency, therefore high energy electron not easily clashes into tube wall formation tube wall recombination loss, is that multiple increases in electron concentration in 50ms of holding time.
And then, within about the 70ms time in low frequency skew stage, its resonance frequency is 228KHz, and in 0.8f to the 1.2f scope of its frequency, the E1 field value that resonance high voltage is formed is more than 2000V/m, and its E2 electric field value is up to 200V/m.By actual tests, this type of state parameter, under the laboratory of fluorescent tube normal temperature environment (27 DEG C), common illumination (500lux illuminance) environment, enough to form the avalanche breakdown of mercury ion and electronics, forms stable H type electric discharge.
Under the electric discharge of H type, output voltage values is about 200V, and its E2 electric field value is at 30V/m.Simultaneously by Fourier analysis, now the triple-frequency harmonics of electric ballast output class sine wave signal accounts for fundamental factor ratio is 22%, and quintuple harmonics is 4%.
Through repeated detection, specular removal high stability of the present invention electrodeless induction discharge lamp system all can start smoothly and stable operation in subzero 40 DEG C of low temperature and long-term dark room conditions.
Through repeated detection, efficient E type-H type of the present invention electrodeless induction lamp system of discharging all can start and stable operation in dark room conditions smoothly at subzero 40 DEG C of low temperature and throughout the year.
Through bulk test, after this electronic ballast of electrodeless lamp 50000 firing tests, failure rate is low is in 1%.
Through repeatedly testing, compared with standard sine wave, synthesis sinusoidal wave effectively can reduce the tube wall temperature of 2%-8%, increases the stepless lamp system light efficiency (under identical fluorescent powder coating technique, under normal product firm power) of about 5%-10%.
This patent only introduces embedded chip function in general manner, if model is serial etc. the embedded chip technology contents of AVR mega series or ARM, belonged to well-known category chip technology, this patent only adopts its design circuit and relative program, forms aforesaid operations content.Simultaneously, except multiple harmonic output circuit, variable ratio frequency changer pio chip involved by electric ballast of the present invention, inversion and high series impedance LC resonant circuit, feedback sense circuit are all known, and according to required function, select described components and parts particularly and they installed to be connected in described electric ballast, do not exceed the due know-how of those of ordinary skill in the art, therefore the present invention repeats no more to this.
Claims (13)
1. a specular removal high stability electrodeless induction discharge lamp system (following be also called for short stepless lamp system), this system comprises electronic ballast of electrodeless lamp, is equipped with the fluorescent tube of mercury and/or sodium element and buffer gas, magnet ring and the wound wire coil around this magnet ring, it is characterized in that, it repeatedly starts triggering with electric capacity induced discharge pattern, lamp stable operation is made with the inductance induced discharge pattern of synthesizing the sinusoidal wave signal of telecommunication
Described electric capacity induced discharge pattern is by local induction, by discharge coil formed a kind of in short-range, along the induced discharge of the high electric field strength of fluorescent tube inner tubal wall directional spreding;
Described inductance induced discharge pattern synthesizes the sinusoidal wave signal of telecommunication to export fluorescent tube magnet ring to, responded to produce axial electric field by magnet ring, and then the plasma stability electric discharge formed.
2. the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of specular removal high stability as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described electric capacity induced discharge is the plasma discharge that the short-range high field intensity electric field in discharge coil neighborhood is formed, its electric field line is mainly along tube wall directional spreding, and its effective value is between 50V/m-1000V/m.
3. the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of specular removal high stability as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described inductance induced discharge is input to fluorescent tube magnet ring to synthesize the sinusoidal wave signal of telecommunication, this signal of telecommunication triple-frequency harmonics accounts for the proportionality coefficient of first-harmonic between 5%-35%, and quintuple harmonics accounts for the proportionality coefficient of first-harmonic between 4%-25%.
4. the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of specular removal high stability as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, exports the main running frequency of fundamental frequency as lamp operation of the signal of telecommunication, using described synthesis sinusoidal wave between 100KHZ-300KHZ; The signal of telecommunication that described synthesis sinusoidal wave exports, can form the fundametal compoment of tube axial direction electric field intensity values in fluorescent tube between 10V/m-500V/m; The signal of telecommunication that described synthesis sinusoidal wave exports, can form the total component of harmonic wave of tube axial direction electric field intensity values in fluorescent tube between 2V/m-200V/m.
5. the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of the specular removal high stability according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, the mercury in described fluorescent tube and/or the dividing potential drop of sodium are respectively, and mercury is independently 0.1Pa-10Pa, sodium is independently 0.1Pa-5Pa, is 0.2Pa-15Pa during the combination of mercury sodium.
6. the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of specular removal high stability as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described electronic ballast of electrodeless lamp has variable ratio frequency changer pio chip, inversion and high series impedance LC resonant circuit, feedback sense circuit and multiple harmonic output circuit.
7. the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of specular removal high stability as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described variable ratio frequency changer pio chip can adopt conventional simulation chip, or adopts programmable digital inset formula chip.
8. the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of specular removal high stability as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described variable ratio frequency changer pio chip is when electric capacity induced discharge, and its frequency range can between 300KHZ-8MHZ; It is held time can between 10ms-2000ms.
9. the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of specular removal high stability as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, described inversion and high series impedance LC resonant circuit are when forming resonance potential and exporting, form fluorescent tube magnet ring outer around the higher electric field strength of wire coil neighborhood, its electric field strength intensity effective value is greater than 2000V/m, and its resonance frequency is between 100KHZ-300KHZ.
10. the electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of specular removal high stability as described in any of claims 9, it is characterized in that, described feedback sense circuit exceeds defined threshold at resonant energy or resonance time, close last secondary frequencies export and open after once the intermediate period that exports of initial VHF frequency between 200ms-2000ms; Described defined threshold voltage detection signal value is between 0.8V-5V.
11. induction discharge lamp systems as electrodeless in the specular removal high stability in claim as described in 10, it is characterized in that, described fluorescent tube overcoat magnet ring, the wire coil that magnet ring is wound around outward closely single-row arrangement be close to this magnet ring surface, its coil winding total number of turns is between 10 circle-30 circles, described coil can be uniformly distributed by 1-4 group, often organizes spread length between 1cm-5cm.
The electrodeless induction discharge lamp system of 12. specular removal high stability as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that, described lamp tube outer surface and magnet ring inner surface are concentric structure, and both are less than 1cm at distance; Magnet ring and coiling assembly thereof may be selected to be single, also can be the described 2-4 around fluorescent tube symmetrically.
13. electrodeless induction discharge lamp systems of specular removal high stability as described in aforementioned any one claim, it is characterized in that, described fluorescent tube magnet ring can be the ring-like magnet ring of open circles, and its top cross section can be rectangle; It is annulus outer surface is rectangle or regular polygon that this magnet ring also can be inner surface, and top cross section is rectangle.
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