CN104298869B - A kind of fluid structurecoupling Numerical prediction method of elastic hydrofoil - Google Patents
A kind of fluid structurecoupling Numerical prediction method of elastic hydrofoil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of fluid structurecoupling Numerical prediction method of elastic hydrofoil, belong to impeller mechanical simulation technology.This method is by setting up two dimension basin and hydrofoil geometrical model, two dimension basin grid is divided, set up luid mechanics computation model, initial steady flow field numerical computations and the fluid structurecoupling numerical computations of Unsteady Flow are carried out again, then result of calculation is post-processed, obtains flow field structure and dynamic changing process of the hydrofoil deformation with the time.This method has taken into full account influence of the virtual masseffect to flowing, improves the confidence level that the stability and numerical value of numerical computations predict the outcome；It can realize that opposing connection elastic hydrofoil flow-induced vibration phenomenon carries out quick, high-precision numerical prediction, by the secondary development of cfdrc, embedded fluid-structure coupling computation enhances the flexibility of numerical computation method selection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fluid structurecoupling Numerical prediction method of elastic hydrofoil, belong to turbomachine analogue technique
Field.
Background technology
In recent years, with the development of technology, composite is widely used so that hydraulic has low vibration, low noise
Sound, efficient and light weight, it is corrosion-resistant the features such as.Meanwhile, water body in fluid structure interaction, runner is there is between flow field and structure and is passed through
Interaction with blade is while runner rotation is promoted, and unstable current can induce the vibration of blade, the vibration of blade
Also the turbulence structure flowed around it can be influenceed in turn.Therefore, probe into stream object fluid structurecoupling interaction rule have
More practical construction value and scientific meaning.
Since 1980s, with the development and the progress of computing technique of computer technology, Fluid Mechanics Computation
Development has further promoted the research of fluid structurecoupling problem.At present, domestic and international project circle can be by using relative maturity
The effect such as stress, deformation of the finite element software to structure under hydrodynamic(al) load accurately calculated, while also can be by using
Computational fluid dynamics software is accurately estimated hydrodynamic(al) load suffered by structure.However, due to the number in fluid structurecoupling problem
It is worth in solution procedure, on the one hand, simple loosely coupled method can produce excessive acceleration on elastic construction thus produce attached
Plus mass effect, cause to solve unstable, another aspect, the solution of flow field and structure field and data transfer amount of calculation are huge
Greatly, engineering operability is lacked, therefore, for fluid structurecoupling problem, it is necessary to develop and improve suitable for engineering design demand
Numerical Predicting Method.
Hydrofoil is the elementary cell of structure of hydraulic machinery.At present, the research work of opposing connection hydrofoil flowing is based on firm mostly
Property object under carry out, the research of flow field structure and dynamic characteristics to elastic hydrofoil is relatively fewer, lacks the elasticity of system perfecting
The Numerical Predicting Method of hydrofoil fluid structurecoupling characteristic.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to be directed to the deficiencies in the prior art in fluid structurecoupling problem, propose it is a kind of using incompressible water as
The fluid structurecoupling Numerical prediction method flowed around elastic hydrofoil of medium.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
Step one：Set up two dimension basin and hydrofoil geometrical model.
Given elastic hydrofoil is put into flow field, hydrofoil produces elastic deformation under fluid-load effect, while hydrofoil
Elastic deformation again influence flow field in turn, so as to change distribution and the size of fluid-load.Along hydrofoil chord length direction, close to stream
Field entrance one end is hydrofoil leading edge, is hydrofoil trailing edge close to flow field exits one end, the downstream area of hydrofoil trailing edge is hydrofoil tail
Region.Elastic deformation to hydrofoil does following simplification：Open up and fixed to one end along hydrofoil, the other end is free end, ignore hydrofoil edge
Open up to elastic deformation, only consider the displacement (i.e. vibration deformation) vertically of hydrofoil free end face and around hydrofoil central shaft
Rotational angle (i.e. rotational deformation)；Wherein, above and below home position where hydrofoil central shaft is defined as at hydrofoil section maximum gauge
The midpoint on surface.Two dimension basin and hydrofoil geometrical model are set up on the basis of simplified elastic deformation：Two dimension basin is by hydrofoil
Be surrounded rectangular body region (cuboid width be unit length 1mm, ignore the flow field change along cuboid width,
Therefore referred to as two dimension basin), 5 times away from hydrofoil leading edge chord lengths of rectangular body region left end, rectangular body region right-hand member is away from hydrofoil trailing edge
10 times of chord lengths, 0.6 times away from upper surface at hydrofoil maximum gauge of rectangular body region upper end chord length, rectangular body region lower end away from hydrofoil most
0.6 times of chord length of lower surface at big thickness.
Step 2：Two dimension basin grid is divided.
Mesh generation is carried out to the two dimension basin that step one is set up, wherein the basin away from hydrofoil surface uses tetrahedron net
Lattice, the region for being close to hydrofoil surface uses hexahedral mesh, and close in hydrofoil leading edge, trailing edge and tail region progress increase grid
Degree processing, preferably to catch UNSTEADY FLOW details.
Step 3：Set up luid mechanics computation model.
Luid mechanics computation model includes flow field control equation and structure governing equation.
Flow field control equation includes mass equation and the equation of momentum, is respectively：
In formula, ρ is the density of fluid, and t is time, ui、ujRepresent the velocity component of fluid, xi、xjRepresent the position of fluid
Component (being tensor notation herein, subscript i, j do not have actual physical meaning), p is pressure, μ at flow field inletlAnd μtRespectively
The laminar flow and turbulent flow viscosity of fluid.
Structure governing equation is：
Wherein, [Ms], [Cs], [Ks] be respectively hydrofoil structure mass matrix, damping matrix and stiffness matrix, { X },The respectively displacement of hydrofoil structure, speed and acceleration, FEXIt is the outside exciting force of hydrofoil structure, FCFDFor in knot
Structure solver is calculated after two dimension basin grid deformation, then calculated by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver
Non-linear viscous fluid surface force.
Step 4：Carry out initial steady flow field numerical computations.
In computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver, calculating parameter is initialized：Flow field inlet gives fluid
Flow velocity degree, the given average static pressure in outlet, hydrofoil surface and flow field regions border are given without sliding, hydraulically smooth surface boundary condition.
Based on above-mentioned boundary condition and primary condition, do not consider that characteristic parameter of the flow field (such as speed, pressure) changes with time, do not examine
Consider the elastic deformation of hydrofoil, carry out steady flow field numerical computations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver, obtain flow field area
The speed and pressure distribution situation in domain.
Step 5：Carry out the fluid structurecoupling numerical computations of Unsteady Flow.
The numerical value of transient state Unsteady Flow is carried out using steady flow field numerical result described in step 4 as primary condition
Calculate.Fluid structurecoupling numerical computation method is：
Step 5.1, flow field is carried out using fluid structurecoupling interface (i.e. hydrofoil surface) as the border of flow field regions in starting step
Calculate, discrete solution is carried out to mass equation and the equation of momentum, the flow field active force on fluid structurecoupling interface is calculated；
Step 5.2, the flow field active force tried to achieve is entered as the load on fluid structurecoupling interface to structure governing equation
The discrete malformation for solving, calculating hydrofoil of row, obtains new fluid structurecoupling interface location；
Step 5.3, according to new fluid structurecoupling interface location, net is carried out based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver
Lattice are automatically updated；
Step 5.4, continuous repeat step 5.1 to step 5.3 calculating process, until reach predetermined solution time or number
It is worth numerical convergence, obtains the dynamic changing process of hydrofoil structure and flow field structure.
Step 6：Result of calculation to step 5 is post-processed, and is obtained flow field structure and is deformed moving with the time with hydrofoil
State change procedure.Post-processing approach is：Extract the flow parameter (including speed and pressure) in flow field regions, wherein VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION
Represented by polar plot, pressure distribution is represented by isogram or cloud atlas；Extract displacement, the speed of structure field areas position
Degree, reflects elastic deformation amount and the hunting speed of hydrofoil, and calculates frequency of oscillation according to hunting speed.
Beneficial effect
1st, a kind of fluid structurecoupling Numerical prediction method of elastic hydrofoil of the invention, has taken into full account additional mass effect
The influence of flowing is tackled, the confidence level that the stability and numerical value of numerical computations predict the outcome is improved；
2nd, a kind of fluid structurecoupling Numerical prediction method of elastic hydrofoil of the invention, can realize opposing connection elastic hydrofoil
Flow-induced vibration phenomenon carries out quick, high-precision numerical prediction, by the secondary development of cfdrc, embedded
Fluid-structure coupling computation, enhances the flexibility of numerical computation method selection；
3rd, a kind of fluid structurecoupling Numerical prediction method of elastic hydrofoil of the invention, compared with prior art, not only may be used
To obtain a large amount of malformations and flow field dynamic information, it is often more important that can be rung with the water elasticity of elastic construction under convection current field action
Characteristic is answered to be estimated, test number (TN) is reduced on Accurate Prediction vibration failur border, cost-effective.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of fluid structurecoupling Numerical prediction method of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the rough schematic view of flow graph coupled characteristic numerical prediction elastic hydrofoil model of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is mesh generation schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is fluid structurecoupling numerical computations schematic flow sheet of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is that fluid structurecoupling numerical algorithm of the present invention implements flow chart.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the embodiment to the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of fluid structurecoupling Numerical prediction method of elastic hydrofoil, as shown in figure 1, mainly being realized by following steps：
Step one：Set up two dimension basin and hydrofoil geometrical model
For given hydrofoil two dimension basin and hydrofoil geometrical model are set up in pre-processing software ICEM CFD.Hydrofoil material
Expect for POM, main material attribute is：Elastic modulus E=3000MPa, density p=1480kg/s, Poisson's ratio 0.35.To hydrofoil
Elastic deformation does following simplification, as shown in Figure 2：Hydrofoil one end is fixed, and the other end is free end, ignore hydrofoil extend to elasticity
Deformation, only considers free end section vibration deformation h vertically and the rotational deformation θ around central shaft.
Step 2：Two dimension basin grid is divided
Convection current field areas carries out mesh generation, as shown in figure 3, wherein the basin away from wall is unstructured using tetrahedron
Hexahedron structure grid 2 is used with volume mesh around grid 1, hydrofoil, and to hydrofoil near-wall region grid, especially hydrofoil
Leading edge, trailing edge and tail region are encrypted, preferably to catch UNSTEADY FLOW details, and the grid file of foundation is preserved
Export to * .cfx5.
Step 3：Set up luid mechanics computation model
Flow field control equation is made up of mass equation and the equation of momentum, is respectively：
In formula, ρ is fluid density, ui、ujRepresentation speed component, p is pressure, μlAnd μtRespectively laminar flow and turbulent flow are sticky
Coefficient.
Using k- ω SST turbulence models：
Eddy viscosity is：
Wherein, k is tubulence energy, and ω is tumbling frequency, Pk、PωFor turbulent flow generating item, DkFor turbulent dissipation, σkFor turbulence
The Prandtl number of energy, σωAnd σω2For the Prandtl number of tumbling frequency, F1、F2For mixed function, S is the constant of shear stress tensor
, Cω、βω、a1For model constants.
Structure governing equation is：
Wherein, [Ms], [Cs], [Ks] be respectively hydrofoil structure mass matrix, damping matrix and stiffness matrix, { X },The respectively displacement of structure, speed and acceleration, FEXIt is the outside exciting force of structure, FCFDTo be solved in structure
Device calculates the non-linear viscous fluid surface force calculated after distortion of the mesh by using CFD solvers.
Step 4：Steady flow field numerical computations are carried out based on ANSYS CFX
Numerical computations are carried out based on ANSYS CFX, each calculating parameter initialized, flow field inlet gives fluid
Flow velocity degree, the given average static pressure in outlet, hydrofoil surface and flow field regions border are given without sliding, hydraulically smooth surface boundary condition,
Do not consider that characteristic parameter of the flow field (such as speed, pressure) changes with time, the elastic deformation of hydrofoil is not considered, carry out the steady motion of a fluid
Flow Field Numerical is calculated.
Step 5：Fluid structurecoupling numerical computations are carried out based on ANSYS CFX
Numerical computations are carried out based on ANSYS CFX, primary condition is used as using the steady flow field numerical result of step 4
Carry out the numerical computations of transient state Unsteady Flow.The realization of wherein fluid-structure coupling computation is the Fortran languages based on ANSYS CFX
Secondary development is sayed, calls by the Junction Box modules in CFX and with reference to CEL language definitions and solves fluid structurecoupling equation
Fortran subroutine, so as to realize flow field and the couple solution of structure.Grid file described in step one is imported first and calculated
In fluid mechanical emulation tool ANSYS CFX-Pre, boundary loading condition and primary condition：Flow field inlet gives flow velocity, outlet
Given average static pressure, flow field border is given without sliding, hydraulically smooth surface boundary condition, and hydrofoil surface gives dynamic mesh wall perimeter strip
Part, using hydrofoil surface it is given without sliding, hydraulically smooth surface boundary condition Stationary Solutions as unsteady analysis primary condition；Using
High Resolution and second order backward difference form, setup algorithm time step are Δ t=1 × 10-4s；It is then based on using
Fluid structurecoupling numerical algorithm stream field and structure are solved.
Structure governing equation based on fluid structurecoupling numerical algorithm can be expressed as：
Wherein,It is additional forces of the fluid to structure, according to Theodorsen models pairCarry out numerical value pre-
Survey：
Wherein,Respectively according to the determination of Theodorsen models and malformation acceleration, speed
The degree additional hydrodynamic load relevant with displacement, the i.e. additional mass of structure, additional damping and additional stiffness, ρfFor the close of fluid
Degree, b is 1/2nd chord lengths, and a is the camber of hydrofoil section, k=ωeB/U is reduced frequency, and Theodorsen function C (k) are
The complex function of reduced frequency.
The calculation process of fluid structurecoupling numerical algorithm is as shown in Figure 4：Starting step using the shape at fluid structurecoupling interface as
The border in flow field carries out flow field calculation, calculates the flow field active force on fluid structurecoupling interface, and then the fluid force tried to achieve is worked as
Make the load on coupling surface, calculate the malformation of hydrofoil, obtain new fluid structurecoupling interface location, and carry out grid updating；
Said process is constantly repeated, until reaching predetermined solution time or problem convergence, the dynamic of hydrofoil structure and flow field structure is obtained
State change procedure.Hybrid coupled algorithm to implement step as shown in Figure 5：T=0, n=1, i are taken when initialmax=1；When n-th
During spacer step, sub- iteration step i=1, and the initial value of son iterative calculation is the iterative result of a upper time step, i.e., By the malformation result of the n-th time step i-th period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m spacer step Generation
Enter Theodorsen model solutions and obtain additional forces of the fluid to structureLine number is entered by CFD numerical solver stream fields
Value simulation, which is calculated, obtains flow field active forceWillStructure control equation is substituted into, Crank- is utilized
Nicholson methods carry out discrete solution to equation, solve the malformation result of the n-th time step i+1 period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m spacer stepContrast adjacent period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m spacer step result deformation result of calculation, if in the range of allowable error and
Calculate time step and be not up to setting value, then repeat the above steps and carry out the calculating of future time, if not reaching more than error range and
To the maximum set value of sub- iteration step, then the calculating of next sub- iteration step in the n-th time step is carried out.
Step 6：Result of calculation is post-processed based on ANSYS CFX-Post, flow field structure is obtained and is deformed with hydrofoil
With the dynamic changing process of time.Read the hydrofoil surface hydrodynamic force of each time step and corresponding vibration in a stable period
Displacement, and being contrasted with experimental result, analyzes the fluid structurecoupling characteristic flowed around elastic hydrofoil and elastic hydrofoil structure
Water bullet stability.
Finally it should be noted that being merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention above, one of ordinary skill in the art
Technical scheme can be modified or equivalent substitution.Repair within the spirit and principles of the invention
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of fluid structurecoupling Numerical prediction method of elastic hydrofoil, it is characterised in that：Specifically include following steps：
Step one：Set up two dimension basin and hydrofoil geometrical model；
Given elastic hydrofoil is put into flow field, hydrofoil produces elastic deformation under fluid-load effect, while the bullet of hydrofoil
Property deformation influence flow field in turn, so as to change distribution and the size of fluid-load；Along hydrofoil chord length direction, close to flow field inlet
One end is hydrofoil leading edge, is hydrofoil trailing edge close to flow field exits one end, the downstream area of hydrofoil trailing edge is hydrofoil tail region；It is right
The elastic deformation of hydrofoil does following simplification：Open up and fixed to one end along hydrofoil, the other end is free end, ignore hydrofoil extend to bullet
Property deformation, only consider the displacement vertically of hydrofoil free end face and the rotational angle around hydrofoil central shaft；Wherein, in hydrofoil
Home position where heart axle is defined as the midpoint of upper and lower surface at hydrofoil section maximum gauge；On the basis of simplified elastic deformation
Set up two dimension basin and hydrofoil geometrical model：Two dimension basin is the rectangular body region for being surrounded hydrofoil, and rectangular body region is left
5 times away from hydrofoil leading edge chord lengths are held, 10 times away from hydrofoil trailing edge chord lengths of rectangular body region right-hand member, rectangular body region upper end is maximum away from hydrofoil
0.6 times of upper surface chord length at thickness, 0.6 times away from lower surface at hydrofoil maximum gauge of rectangular body region lower end chord length；
Step 2：Two dimension basin grid is divided；
Mesh generation is carried out to the two dimension basin that step one is set up, wherein the basin away from hydrofoil surface uses tetrahedral grid,
The basin for being close to hydrofoil surface uses hexahedral mesh, and carries out increase mesh-density in hydrofoil leading edge, trailing edge and tail basin
Processing；
Step 3：Set up luid mechanics computation model；
Luid mechanics computation model includes flow field control equation and structure governing equation；
Flow field control equation includes mass equation and the equation of momentum, is respectively：
In formula, ρ is the density of fluid, and t is time, ui、ujRepresent the velocity component of fluid, xi、xjThe location components of fluid are represented,
P is pressure, μ at flow field inletlAnd μtThe respectively laminar flow and turbulent flow viscosity of fluid；
Structure governing equation is：
Wherein, [Ms], [Cs], [Ks] be respectively hydrofoil structure mass matrix, damping matrix and stiffness matrix, { X },The respectively displacement of hydrofoil structure, speed and acceleration, FEXIt is the outside exciting force of hydrofoil structure, FCFDFor
Structure solver calculate two dimension basin grid deformation after, then by using computational fluid dynamics solver calculate it is non-
Linear viscous flow surface power；
Step 4：Carry out initial steady flow field numerical computations；
In computational fluid dynamics solver, calculating parameter is initialized：Flow field inlet gives fluid speed of incoming flow, goes out
The given average static pressure of mouth, hydrofoil surface and flow field regions border are given without sliding, hydraulically smooth surface boundary condition；Based on above-mentioned side
Boundary's condition and primary condition, do not consider that characteristic parameter of the flow field changes with time, the elastic deformation of hydrofoil are not considered, calculating is utilized
Hydrodynamics solver carries out steady flow field numerical computations, obtains the speed and pressure distribution situation of flow field regions；
Step 5：Carry out the fluid structurecoupling numerical computations of Unsteady Flow；
The numerical computations of transient state Unsteady Flow are carried out using steady flow field numerical result described in step 4 as primary condition；
Fluid structurecoupling numerical computation method is：
Step 5.1, carry out Flow Field Calculation using fluid structurecoupling interface as the border of flow field regions in starting step, to mass equation and
The equation of momentum carries out discrete solution, calculates the flow field active force on fluid structurecoupling interface；
Step 5.2, the flow field active force tried to achieve as the load on fluid structurecoupling interface, structure governing equation is carried out from
Dissipate and solve, calculate the malformation of hydrofoil, obtain new fluid structurecoupling interface location；
Step 5.3, according to new fluid structurecoupling interface location, grid is carried out based on computational fluid dynamics solver automatic more
Newly；
Step 5.4, continuous repeat step 5.1 to step 5.3 calculating process, until reach predetermined solution time or numerical value meter
Result convergence is calculated, the dynamic changing process of hydrofoil structure and flow field structure is obtained；
Step 6：Result of calculation to step 5 is post-processed, and is obtained flow field structure and is become with hydrofoil deformation with the dynamic of time
Change process.
2. a kind of fluid structurecoupling Numerical prediction method of elastic hydrofoil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
Post-processing approach described in rapid six is：The flow parameter in flow field regions is extracted, wherein VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION is represented by polar plot, pressure
Distribution is represented by isogram or cloud atlas；Extract displacement, the speed of structure field areas position, the elasticity change of reflection hydrofoil
Shape amount and hunting speed, and frequency of oscillation is calculated according to hunting speed.
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