CN104296888A - High polymer material aging effective temperature calculating method for predicting service life - Google Patents
High polymer material aging effective temperature calculating method for predicting service life Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high polymer material aging effective temperature calculating method for predicting service life. The method comprises the steps that (1) when a weathering aging test is carried out outdoors, the first formula (please see the specifications) is used for representing aging damage D of a high polymer material test sample caused by atmospheric irradiation and temperature; (2) a high polymer material sample aging effective temperature Teff exists, and the temperature Teff is a constant, so that after the same high polymer material sample is subjected to irradiation of the same degree, aging damage D which is the same as the aging damage D in the step (1) is caused, and the aging damage D is shown as the second formula (please see the specifications); (3) the third formula (please see the specifications) is obtained after reorganization, and the high polymer material sample aging effective temperature Teff can be obtained through the third formula. The method can be used for better predicting the service life of high polymer materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of weathering aging effective temperature computing method, specifically referring to the computing method of the macromolecule material aging effective temperature for service life prediction, for calculating the weathering aging effective temperature in certain climatic environment some calendar years.
Background technology
A common objective of macromolecule material aging research field is the open air military service life prediction of material.In order to capture this difficult problem, the action rule of irradiation and these two principal elements of temperature must be studied thoroughly.Through scientific research for many years and technological accumulation, known by statistics artificial accelerated aging test in total irradiation can compare with the irradiation dose of outdoor weathering aging website; But temperature cannot add and, cannot be weighed it by identical processing mode for macromolecule material aging role.
At present, in macromolecule material aging research field, process for temperature mainly contains two kinds of modes: the first directly treats as sample temperature the environment temperature of monitoring, but because environment temperature and sample temperature have certain gap usually, environment temperature accurately can not reflect the actual temperature of sample, and therefore this way can increase the uncertainty that test findings and service life predict the outcome; Its two be directly the sample surface temperature of monitoring as sample temperature, although sample surface temperature and sample temperature are closely, sample temperature can be reflected comparatively truly, but when test specimen batch is huge, time input and the financial cost of monitoring the surface temperature of each test specimen are too high, cause the practicality of this method to be limited to.And sample temperature has significant impact to its rate of ageing, as everyone knows, temperature often raises 10 DEG C, and chemical reaction rate can accelerate 2 ~ 4 times.Therefore, substitute sample temperature with environment temperature or sample surface temperature, reaction rate can be caused to judge by accident, thus affect the accuracy and reliability that service life predicts the outcome.Visible, the temperature parameter of correct processing sample in weathering aging process, the service life prediction for macromolecule material aging is of crucial importance.Meanwhile, because temperature and light in weathering aging process is according to not working with the pattern of independent variable, identical material is in different geographical, even if environment temperature is identical, by the combined influence of other factors such as illumination, its aging rice seed also can be different.Visible; science weighs temperature for macromolecule material aging role; for the Aging Course of research macromolecular material, the service life of prediction macromolecular material, and quantize the environment severity of different geographical, the aspects such as guiding material development & application all have very positive meaning.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of computing method of the macromolecule material aging effective temperature for service life prediction, the method science can weigh temperature for macromolecule material aging role, can be the service life prediction service of macromolecular material better.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention realizes by following technical solution: for the computing method of the macromolecule material aging effective temperature of service life prediction, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps:
Step (1): when carrying out weathering test out of doors, adopts formula (1) to represent the Aging Damage D of the macromolecular material test specimen caused by air irradiation and temperature,
In formula:
The Aging Damage of D---sample;
I
t---the effective irradiance of sample when t, unit is watt every square metre of (W/m
2);
A---pre-exponential factor is constant;
The aging reaction energy of activation of Ea---sample, unit is burnt every mole (J/mol);
R---gas law constant, 8.314J/ (molK);
T
t---be the temperature of sample when t, unit is degree Celsius (DEG C);
The test period interval of Δ t---sample, unit is second (s);
Step (2): there is the effective temperature T that macromolecular material is sample aging
eff, this effective temperature T
efffor constant, after making same macromolecular material sample accept the irradiation of same dose, the Aging Damage D same with the Aging Damage D in step (1) can be caused, this Aging Damage D as shown in formula (2),
In formula:
T
eff---sample aging effective temperature;
Step (3): make formula (1)=formula (2), and arrange to obtain formula (3)
The left side of formula (3) represents annual irradiation, can try to achieve the sample aging effective temperature T of macromolecular material by formula (3)
eff, this effective temperature T
effcan for predicting that the service life of macromolecular material provides the temperature parameter of science.
The present invention introduces the concept of " effective temperature ", and based on formula (3), the present invention proposes a kind of computing method of effective temperature, namely at certain time intervals in scope, for the medial temperature of irradiation dose weighting." effective temperature " represents a thermal constant, and this thermal constant can cause the light aging with the temperature same degree of natural fluctuation to material, and can provide temperature baselines for service life prediction.
The present invention is based on
principle, effective temperature T
effconcrete calculating can be realized by following steps:
A () prepares continuous irradiation degree transient data in a period of time span scope by sampling time interval and synchronization monitors the temperature data obtained, and is filled in Excel table by row;
B () irradiance is multiplied by the time interval draws corresponding sampling instant again irradiation dose divided by unit system, the irradiation dose in each moment is added and, drawing investigating the total dose in time range, completing the left side of above-mentioned formula (3);
C (), by By consulting literatures or experimental technique, determines the energy of activation empirical constant numerical value of experimental subjects, the effective temperature default required by imparting;
(d) by parameters such as irradiation, energy of activation, effective temperature, monitor temperature, sampling interval, according to
carry out computing to sue for peace again, obtain the right of above-mentioned formula;
E () uses the Goal Seek function (data-what-if-goal seek) of Excel table, the cell at sum place on the right of Set cell Formula, desired value input formula left side sum, even formula the right and left is equal, Changing Cells selectes effective temperature T
effplace cell, clicks the confirming button of goal seek dialog box, and Goal Seek function, through convergence computing, obtains effective temperature T
eff.
Wherein, in above-mentioned steps (a), sampling time interval is 1s ~ 10min; Time span scope is 1 month ~ 10 years; Software for calculation used is that Microsoft Excel shows.
In step (a), irradiance transient data used is with W/m
2for unit, in described step (b), the time interval is in units of s, and gained irradiation dose is with J/m
2for unit, in described step (d), irradiance is with W/m
2for unit, the time interval, gained irradiation dose was with J/m in units of s
2; In described step (a), irradiance transient data used is with W/m
2during for unit, in described step (b), the time interval is in units of s, divided by unit system 10
3gained irradiation dose is with kJ/m
2for unit, in described step (d), irradiance is with W/m
2for unit, the time interval in units of s, divided by unit system 10
3gained irradiation dose is with kJ/m
2; In described step (a), irradiance transient data used is with W/m
2during for unit, in described step (b), the time interval is in units of s, divided by unit system 10
6gained irradiation dose is with MJ/m
2for unit, in described step (d), irradiance is with W/m
2for unit, the time interval in units of s, divided by unit system 10
6gained irradiation dose is with MJ/m
2.
In step (c), described energy of activation empirical constant numerical value is 10 ~ 30kJ/mol for aromatic hydrocarbon thermoplastic engineering plastic; Described energy of activation empirical constant numerical value is 16 ~ 20kJ/mol for polycarbonate; Described energy of activation empirical constant numerical value is 25 ~ 30kJ/mol for automotive coatings; Described energy of activation empirical constant numerical value is 55 ~ 65kJ/mol for tygon; Described energy of activation empirical constant numerical value is 65 ~ 70kJ/mol for polyester; Described energy of activation empirical constant numerical value is 125 ~ 130kJ/mol for polypropylene; Described energy of activation empirical constant numerical value is 180 ~ 190kJ/mol for rubber.
In step (c), described effective temperature default is 10 ~ 50 DEG C.
In the present invention, macromolecular material comprises the common macromolecular material such as polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), tygon (PE) and polypropylene (PP).
The above-mentioned effective temperature T of the present invention
effthe effective temperature that can be applied to multiple place calculates, and computing method are as follows:
(1) calculating makes same sample can cause the effective temperature of same Aging Damage after accepting the irradiation of same dose;
(2) by effective temperature T of the present invention
effin calculation procedure, the described irradiance transient data of certain test duration a period of time scope and the faithful record temperature data in corresponding moment, according to the irradiance of synchronization and temperature one_to_one corresponding on Excel table by column warp, then equational left and right two parts described in claim 1 are calculated respectively by input formula, the Goal Seek function utilizing Excel to show, makes effective temperature T of the present invention
effcalculation equation the right and left is equal, and computing terminates and obtains a Temperature numerical, and namely this numerical value represent this test specimen can cause the effective temperature corresponding with the Aging Damage of this test findings same degree after accepting the irradiation of same dose.Wherein, faithful record temperature comprises environment temperature, blackboard temperature, blank temperature, sample surface temperature; Effective temperature corresponds to environment effective temperature, blackboard effective temperature, blank effective temperature, sample surfaces effective temperature.
When there is different test materials and carry out outdoor weathering test at same testing field simultaneously, because different materials is different to the temperature-responsive of solar irradiation, Aging Damage in various degree after off-test, can be caused.By the temperature of different tests sample during monitoring aging test, in conjunction with the irradiation that this test site is recorded, according to effective temperature T of the present invention
effdescribed computing method, can calculate the effective temperature of different tests material in this climatic environment type.Here different materials comprises the common macromolecular materials such as polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), tygon (PE), polypropylene (PP)
When there is identical test material and carry out outdoor weathering test in different tests field simultaneously, because the solar irradiation of different location is different, identical test material there will be Aging Damage in various degree after test is terminated in different tests field.By solar irradiation and the sample temperature of different tests field during monitoring aging test, according to effective temperature T of the present invention
effdescribed computing method, can calculate the effective temperature of identical test material in Different climate environmental form.Here different tests field comprises the outdoor weathering test website that Qionghai (damp and hot), Guangzhou (sub-damp and hot), Turfan (xeothermic), Lhasa (plateau), Hailaer (cold) etc. represent China typical case climatic environment type
When adopting common macromolecular material that usable range is wide, representative strong as macromolecule reference material, environmental baseline typical case, there is extensive representational reference test station carry out weathering test, according to effective temperature T of the present invention
effdescribed computing method, try to achieve corresponding effective temperature, can be the artificial accelerated aging test scheme that the different physical environment of simulation sets up correlativity good and provide Data support, for technical foundation is laid in the prediction of macromolecular material service life.Here macromolecule reference material includes but not limited to polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC) etc.; Reference test station includes but not limited to Qionghai (damp and hot), Turfan (xeothermic) testing station.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following significant beneficial effect:
First, the invention provides a kind of temperature computation and statistical method of novelty, solving macromolecular material service life prediction field cannot the problem of scientific statistics and treatment temperature parameter.
Secondly, the present invention sets up the effective temperature computing method of irradiation dose weighting, the temperature with the temperature same degree light aging effect of natural fluctuation can be caused to material in order to represent, make the environment severity of different condition have comparability, the aging test for different time, different location provides the yardstick quantizing to compare; For the correlation research of artificial accelerated aging test and outdoor weathering test has built bridge; For macromolecular material service life prediction lay a good foundation.
Finally, the effective temperature of irradiation dose weighting of the present invention with environment temperature representative sample temperature and represent sample temperature with sample surface temperature traditional method compared with, no longer isolated consideration temperature is to aging effect, but to the process of temperature with calculate in add the weight of irradiation, therefore, the effective temperature that the present invention proposes more put in place can reflect that temperature is to sample aging process role, significantly can reduce again the money needed for acquisition sample temperature data and time cost, kill two birds with one stone.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be in the embodiment of the present invention two calculate effective temperature and environment temperature, sample surface temperature comparison diagram.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
45 ° of weather datas such as solar irradiation, environment temperature of Qionghai environmental test field in 2011 are filled in Excel table by row, and data time interval is 5 minutes, as shown in table 1, table 2.
The energy of activation of polycarbonate (PC) test specimen is 21kJ/mol, and the environment effective temperature of Qionghai is assumed to be 15 DEG C.The formula of cell G5 is=B5*60*5/1E6, and namely irradiation is multiplied by the time interval (300s) again divided by 10
6draw within this time interval with MJ/m
2for the irradiation dose of unit, namely these row are the left sides of formula (3).
The formula of cell H5 is=B5*EXP ((H $ 2*1000/8.314) * (1/ (273+H $ 3)-1/ (273+C5))) * 300/1E6, and namely these row are the right of formula (3).G row and H row sum are filled among cell G4 and H4 respectively.
Use the Goal Seek function (data-what-if-goal seek) of Excel table, Set cell selects H4, desired value makes H4=G4, Changing Cells selects H3, click the confirming button of goal seek dialog box, Goal Seek function is through convergence computing, then can obtain when formula (3) the right and left is equal, the Qionghai environment effective temperature of 2011 is 28.1 DEG C.
Table 1: the part Excel table of effective temperature computation process in embodiment one
Table 2: the part form in table 1
Embodiment two
45 ° of solar irradiation data of Qionghai environmental test field in 2013 and the sampling time of correspondence are filled in B row and the A row of Excel table respectively by row; tygon (PE) sample in 2013 Qionghai environmental test field carry out 45 ° without backboard weathering test process in the sample surface temperature data of monitoring to be filled in C row in Excel table by row; data time interval is 5 minutes, as shown in table 3.The energy of activation of tygon (PE) test specimen is 60kJ/mol, and be filled in F2 cell, polyethylene surface effective temperature is assumed to be 20 DEG C, is filled in F3 cell.The formula of cell E5 is=B5*60*5/1E6, and namely irradiation is multiplied by the time interval (300s) again divided by 10
6draw within this time interval with MJ/m
2for the irradiation dose of unit, namely these row are the left sides of formula (3).The formula of cell F5 is=B5*EXP ((F $ 2*1000/8.314) * (1/ (273+F $ 3)-1/ (273+C5))) * 300/1E6, and namely these row are the right of formula (3).E row and F row sum are filled among cell E4 and F4 respectively.Use the Goal Seek function (data-what-if-goal seek) of Excel table; Set cell selects F4; desired value makes F4=E4; Changing Cells selects F3; click the confirming button of goal seek dialog box; Goal Seek function is through convergence computing, then can obtain when formula (3) the right and left is equal, within 2013, in Qionghai environmental test field, the surperficial effective temperature of carrying out without the polyethylene specimen of backboard weathering test is 34.28 DEG C.
Table 3: the part Excel table of effective temperature computation process in embodiment two
The present embodiment calculate effective temperature and environment temperature, sample surface temperature comparison diagram see Fig. 1, generally speaking, the temperature of water white transparency or white pigmented samples is close with the blank temperature be under same environmental conditions, and temperature that is dark or black sample is close with the blackboard temperature be under same environmental conditions.As seen from Figure 1, for the water white transparencies such as PS, PC, PE, PP or white pigmented samples, effective temperature and the blank temperature of the present invention's calculating are more close, and directly environment temperature as sample temperature or directly the surface temperature of monitoring as the conventional temperature disposal route of sample temperature, its result and blank temperature spread larger; And in the characteristic temperature difference embodying different materials, there is certain limitation, especially directly the disposal route of environment temperature as sample temperature, the temperature response characteristics of different materials cannot be embodied.
Embodiment three
45 ° of solar irradiation data of Qionghai environmental test field in 2012 and the sampling time of correspondence are filled in B row and the A row of Excel table respectively by row; polypropylene (PP) sample in 2012 Qionghai environmental test field carry out 45 ° without backboard weathering test process in the sample surface temperature data of monitoring to be filled in C row in Excel table by row; data time interval is 5 minutes, as shown in table 4.The energy of activation of polypropylene (PP) test specimen is 128kJ/mol, and be filled in F2 cell, polypropylene surface effective temperature is assumed to be 30 DEG C, is filled in F3 cell.The formula of cell E5 is=B5*60*5/1E6, and namely irradiation is multiplied by the time interval (300s) again divided by 10
6draw within this time interval with MJ/m
2for the irradiation dose of unit, namely these row are the left sides of formula (3).The formula of cell F5 is=B5*EXP ((F $ 2*1000/8.314) * (1/ (273+F $ 3)-1/ (273+C5))) * 300/1E6, and namely these row are the right of formula (3).E row and F row sum are filled among cell E4 and F4 respectively.Use the Goal Seek function (data-what-if-goal seek) of Excel table; Set cell selects F4; desired value makes F4=E4; Changing Cells selects F3; click the confirming button of goal seek dialog box; Goal Seek function is through convergence computing, then can obtain when formula (3) the right and left is equal, within 2012, in Qionghai environmental test field, the surperficial effective temperature of carrying out without the polypropylene specimen of backboard weathering test is 36.57 DEG C.
Table 3: the part Excel table of effective temperature computation process in embodiment three
Finally it should be noted that the specific embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto, those skilled in the art can modify according to actual needs, to adapt to different actual demands.Therefore, under stating basic fundamental thought prerequisite on the invention, according to the ordinary technical knowledge of this area and customary means to content of the present invention make the amendment of other various ways, replacement or change, all drop within rights protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1., for the computing method of the macromolecule material aging effective temperature of service life prediction, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
Step (1): when carrying out weathering test out of doors, adopts formula (1) to represent the Aging Damage D of the macromolecular material test specimen caused by air irradiation and temperature,
In formula:
The Aging Damage of D---sample;
I
t---the effective irradiance of sample when t, unit is watt every square metre of (W/m
2);
A---pre-exponential factor is constant;
The aging reaction energy of activation of Ea---sample, unit is burnt every mole (J/mol);
R---gas law constant, 8.314J/ (molK);
T
t---be the temperature of sample when t, unit is degree Celsius (DEG C);
The test period interval of Δ t---sample, unit is second (s);
Step (2): there is the effective temperature T that macromolecular material is sample aging
eff, this effective temperature T
efffor constant, after making same macromolecular material sample accept the irradiation of same dose, the Aging Damage D same with the Aging Damage D in step (1) can be caused, this Aging Damage D as shown in formula (2),
In formula:
T
eff---sample aging effective temperature;
Step (3): make formula (1)=formula (2), and arrange to obtain formula (3)
The left side of formula (3) represents annual irradiation, can try to achieve the sample aging effective temperature T of macromolecular material by formula (3)
eff, this effective temperature T
effcan for predicting that the service life of macromolecular material provides the temperature parameter of science.
2. the computing method of the macromolecule material aging effective temperature for service life prediction according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the effective temperature T in described step (3)
effconcrete calculation procedure is as follows:
A () prepares continuous irradiation degree transient data in a period of time span scope by sampling time interval and synchronization monitors the temperature data obtained, and is filled in Excel table by row;
B () irradiance is multiplied by the time interval draws corresponding sampling instant again irradiation dose divided by unit system, the irradiation dose in each moment is added and, drawing investigating the total dose in time range, completing the left side of above-mentioned formula (3);
C (), by By consulting literatures or experimental technique, determines the energy of activation empirical constant numerical value of experimental subjects, the effective temperature default required by imparting;
(d) by parameters such as irradiation, energy of activation, effective temperature, monitor temperature, sampling interval, according to
carry out computing to sue for peace again, obtain the right of above-mentioned formula;
E () uses the Goal Seek function of Excel table, the cell at sum place on the right of Set cell Formula, and desired value input formula left side sum, even formula the right and left is equal, Changing Cells selectes effective temperature T
effplace cell, Goal Seek function, through convergence computing, obtains effective temperature T
eff.
3. the computing method of the macromolecule material aging effective temperature for service life prediction according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described step (a), sampling time interval is 1s ~ 10min; Time span scope is 1 month ~ 10 years; Software for calculation used is that Microsoft Excel shows.
4. the computing method of the macromolecule material aging effective temperature for service life prediction according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described step (c), described energy of activation empirical constant numerical value is 10 ~ 30kJ/mol for aromatic hydrocarbon thermoplastic engineering plastic; Described energy of activation empirical constant numerical value is 16 ~ 20kJ/mol for polycarbonate; Described energy of activation empirical constant numerical value is 25 ~ 30kJ/mol for automotive coatings; Described energy of activation empirical constant numerical value is 55 ~ 65kJ/mol for tygon; Described energy of activation empirical constant numerical value is 65 ~ 70kJ/mol for polyester; Described energy of activation empirical constant numerical value is 125 ~ 130kJ/mol for polypropylene; Described energy of activation empirical constant numerical value is 180 ~ 190kJ/mol for rubber.
5. the computing method of the macromolecule material aging effective temperature for service life prediction according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described step (c), described effective temperature default is 10 ~ 50 DEG C.
6. the computing method of the macromolecule material aging effective temperature for service life prediction according to any one of claim 1 to 5, is characterized in that: described macromolecular material is polystyrene, polycarbonate, tygon or polypropylene.
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| CN109540772A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-03-29 | 中国电器科学研究院有限公司 | A method of quantization is compared Different climate environment and is damaged to macromolecule material aging |
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| CN113327710A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-08-31 | 广东鑫源恒业复合材料科技有限公司 | Super high temperature resistant overhead conductor with stranded carbon fiber composite core |
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