CN104294009B - For the top bottom blowing method that stainless steel desiliconization is smelted - Google Patents
For the top bottom blowing method that stainless steel desiliconization is smelted Download PDFInfo
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- CN104294009B CN104294009B CN201310297167.4A CN201310297167A CN104294009B CN 104294009 B CN104294009 B CN 104294009B CN 201310297167 A CN201310297167 A CN 201310297167A CN 104294009 B CN104294009 B CN 104294009B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the method field with gas processing melting iron class alloy, be specially a kind of top bottom blowing method of smelting for stainless steel desiliconization.For the top bottom blowing method that stainless steel desiliconization is smelted, comprise a. fusing: it is characterized in that: also comprise the steps: b. oxygen blast: be blown into microgas from ladle bottom to mother liquor of stainless steel, microgas selects nitrogen or argon gas; C. stir afterwards: be blown into microgas by gas spray gun to mother liquor of stainless steel from ladle top, continue to be blown into microgas from ladle bottom to mother liquor of stainless steel simultaneously; D.? de-slag: after desiliconization terminates, remove slag.Desilication process of the present invention is simple, and desiliconization rate is high, and chromium damages low, and energy consumption is few.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method field with gas processing melting iron class alloy, be specially a kind of top bottom blowing method of smelting for stainless steel desiliconization.
Background technology
Stainless steel is often referred to and in the corrosive mediums such as air and acid, alkali, salt, presents passive state and have anti-corrosion rustless High Chrome Alloy Steel, and chrome content is generally 12% ~ 30%.Along with socioeconomic development, stainless use is increasingly extensive, also creates a large amount of stainless steel steel scrap accordingly.Utilizing stainless steel steel scrap to carry out refining treatment again to produce stainless steel after fusing is a kind of productive technology of short flow route, need in VOD(and vacuum-oxygen decarbonizing when some type of stainless steel of refining treatment) carry out the process such as decarburization denitrogenation in stove, because the quality of stainless steel steel scrap is uneven, containing higher Si element (content can reach 0.5% ~ 1.0%) in some stainless steel steel scrap, and the Si content general requirement of VOD stove mother liquor when running lower than 0.5% the highest also must not more than 0.5%, so just must first to mother liquor enforcement desiliconization process.Current Production Flow Chart, high silicon mother liquor need enter AOD(and argon oxygen decarburization) stove carries out process and enter the refining of VOD stove again after qualified.Because AOD furnace device is complicated, air supply intensity is large, as only for desiliconization process, then system operation cost is high, the process of desiliconization simultaneously energy consumption is high, chromium damages large, and mother liquor need be had bad luck by ladle thus cause calorific loss between smelting furnace and AOD furnace, and therefore the comprehensive cost of this method is higher.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the defect of prior art, provide a kind of system architecture simple, easy to operate, reduce energy consumption, stainless steel smelting method that comprehensive cost is low, the invention discloses a kind of top bottom blowing method of smelting for stainless steel desiliconization.
The present invention reaches goal of the invention by following technical solution:
For the top bottom blowing method that stainless steel desiliconization is smelted, comprise a. fusing: stainless steel steel scrap is fused into mother liquor of stainless steel as raw material in smelting furnace, pours mother liquor of stainless steel into ladle, the temperature of mother liquor of stainless steel controls at 1580 DEG C ~ 1610 DEG C; It is characterized in that: also comprise the steps:
B. oxygen blast: after fusing terminates, under atmospheric pressure state, microgas is blown into stir mother liquor of stainless steel from ladle bottom to mother liquor of stainless steel, microgas selects nitrogen or argon gas, oxygen is blown into by gas spray gun to mother liquor of stainless steel from ladle top, blowing oxygen quantity is determined according to desiliconization amount, drops into solid oxidizing agent and slag former from ladle top to mother liquor of stainless steel;
C. stir afterwards: after oxygen blast terminates, be blown into microgas by gas spray gun to mother liquor of stainless steel from ladle top, continue to be blown into microgas from ladle bottom to mother liquor of stainless steel simultaneously, to add strong mixing mother liquor of stainless steel thus to promote desiliconization and reduction chromium element;
D. de-slag: after stirring 5min ~ 10min afterwards, stirred desiliconization after stopping, having removed slag (i.e. desiliconization slag) subsequently, proceed to down the process of one vacuum-oxygen decarbonizing (i.e. VOD) operation.
The described top bottom blowing method of smelting for stainless steel desiliconization, is characterized in that: when b walks oxygen blast, the oxygen supply intensity being blown into oxygen from ladle top is: mother liquor of stainless steel 0.19Nm per ton
3/ min ~ 0.6Nm
3/ min, rifle position (rifle position refers to the height of the tuyere distance mother liquor of stainless steel liquid level of gas spray gun) 0.8m ~ 1.3m;
Solid oxidizing agent selects massive iron ore or block ferric oxide, and add-on is that mother liquor of stainless steel per ton is not more than 15kg;
Slag former selects block lime and fluorite, and the add-on of lime is that basicity of slag is not less than 2.0, and the add-on of fluorite is mother liquor of stainless steel 4kg ~ 6kg per ton.
The described top bottom blowing method of smelting for stainless steel desiliconization, is characterized in that: when stirring after c step, the air supply intensity being blown into microgas from ladle top is: mother liquor of stainless steel 0.12Nm per ton
3/ min ~ 0.36Nm
3/ min.
The described top bottom blowing method of smelting for stainless steel desiliconization, is characterized in that: when b stirs after walking oxygen blast and c step, the air supply intensity being blown into microgas from ladle bottom is: mother liquor of stainless steel 0.05NL/min ~ 0.14NL/min per ton.
When the present invention uses, according to thermodynamic principles, the avidity of silicon and oxygen is very strong at ambient pressure, adds oxygen carrier (as oxygen or solid oxidizing agent), silicon oxidized generation SiO in molten steel
2enter slag thus be cured and remove.Stainless molten steel desiliconization is exactly make use of silicon and strong this feature of oxygen affinity, and wherein solid oxidizing agent selects the ferriferous oxide such as ferric oxide, iron ore, when adding oxygenant in molten steel, following desilication reaction occurs
Si+O
2=SiO
2?G<0——(1)，
Si+2FeO=SiO
2+2Fe(l)?G<0——(2)，
2Si+Fe
3O
4(s)=2SiO
2+3Fe(l)?G<0——(3)，
3Si+2Fe
2O
3(s)=3SiO
2+4Fe(l)?G<0——(4)，
In the formula of above-mentioned (1) ~ (4), l and s shows the physical condition of reactant or resultant respectively, and l is liquid, and s is solid-state; G be reaction free enthalpy, G<0 then free enthalpy reduce reaction can be spontaneous undertaken by forward.
Containing elements such as C, Si, Cr in stainless molten steel, can competing property be oxidized after adding oxygenant, according to oxygen gesture figure, under normal pressure, the avidity of Si and O is very strong, and Si can by preferential oxidation, but due to Cr content in stainless molten steel high (being greater than 12%), far above the content (general <1%) of Si, adding oxygenant rear portion Cr like this can be oxidized prior to Si, as:
4Cr+3O
2=2Cr
2O
3——(5)，
Because the affinity of Si and O is greater than Cr, there is the reaction of Si reduction Cr simultaneously:
3Si+2Cr
2O
3=3SiO
2+4Cr——(6)，
And due to Si mass transfer not in time a part of chromated oxide be not reduced and enter in slag.
When the present invention uses, the desiliconization of stainless molten steel is carried out in ladle, because molten bath is dark, effective headroom of the liquid level distance steel ladle opening of stainless molten steel is about 1.2m ~ 1.6m, reaction compartment is limited, therefore top blast oxygen jet only can stir the stainless molten steel on top, molten bath, the silicon of bottom stainless molten steel cannot rapid mass transfer to top, affect desilication efficiency, and the stainless molten steel on top is easily due to excessively oxidated and cause a large amount of scaling loss of chromium element, therefore the present invention adopts and is blown into nitrogen or argon gas at ladle bottom simultaneously, with agitation molten pool, promote the up and down cyclic motion of stainless molten steel in ladle, Accelerative mass transfer.
Solid oxidizing agent and slag former drop in ladle, under the stirring action of oxygen, slag steel mixing zone is formed on top, molten bath, various desilication reaction and chromium reduction reaction are mainly carried out in slag steel mixing zone, under the interaction of bottom blowing and top blast, melting bath stirring is strengthened, and promotes carrying out smoothly of various reaction in slag steel mixing zone.
According to target desiliconization amount setting blowing oxygen quantity, after oxygen blast terminates, due to the competitive oxidation of chromium and silicon mass transfer insufficient, in molten steel, still some silicon does not remove, still containing a certain amount of chromic oxide in slag, therefore top-blown gas switches to from oxygen the gas spray gun that nitrogen or argon gas continue through ladle top and is blown into agitation molten pool in ladle, combine with bottom blowing and promote that slag fully contacts with stainless molten steel, chromium in slag is reduced by silicon in stainless molten steel to greatest extent, thus reaches the effect that chromium is protected in desiliconization.
The slag of chromium-containing oxide compares thickness, can hinder the abundant contact of slag steel, and therefore the present invention adds fluorite with desaturation slag in slag, improves the mobility of slag, desulphurization is fully contacted, and promotes that reaction is carried out.
(1) desilication reaction of ~ (4) is all thermopositive reaction, thermogenic action is had to molten bath, and solid oxidizing agent absorbs heat when melting, cooling effect is had to molten bath, as long as therefore the ratio of oxygen and solid oxidizing agent is suitable, just reasonably can control bath temperature, after meeting, road VOD operation is to the requirement of temperature.
The invention provides the technique that a kind of stainless molten steel implements desiliconization in ladle, in ladle, the silicon in stainless molten steel can be removed at ambient pressure, silicone content in effective reduction stainless molten steel, after meeting, road VOD operation is to the requirement of silicone content, System's composition is simple, energy consumption is low, and comprehensive cost is low.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: desilication process is simple, and desiliconization rate is high, chromium damages low, and energy consumption is few, can make full use of the stainless steel steel scrap of various quality, reduces the comprehensive cost that stainless steel is produced, meets the demand for development of recycling economy and low-carbon economy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below by way of specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
For the top bottom blowing method that stainless steel desiliconization is smelted, after comprising a. fusing, b. oxygen blast, c., stirring and d. take off slag, as shown in Figure 1, carry out successively as follows:
A. melt: stainless steel steel scrap is fused into mother liquor of stainless steel as raw material in smelting furnace, pours mother liquor of stainless steel into ladle, the temperature of mother liquor of stainless steel controls at 1580 DEG C ~ 1610 DEG C.
B. oxygen blast: after fusing terminates, under atmospheric pressure state, microgas is blown into stir mother liquor of stainless steel from ladle bottom to mother liquor of stainless steel, microgas selects nitrogen or argon gas, oxygen is blown into by gas spray gun to mother liquor of stainless steel from ladle top, blowing oxygen quantity is determined according to desiliconization amount, drops into solid oxidizing agent and slag former from ladle top to mother liquor of stainless steel;
The oxygen supply intensity being blown into oxygen from ladle top is: mother liquor of stainless steel 0.19Nm per ton
3/ min ~ 0.6Nm
3/ min, rifle position (rifle position refers to the height of the tuyere distance mother liquor of stainless steel liquid level of gas spray gun) 0.8m ~ 1.3m; The air supply intensity being blown into microgas from ladle bottom is: mother liquor of stainless steel 0.05NL/min ~ 0.14NL/min per ton;
Solid oxidizing agent selects massive iron ore or block ferric oxide, and add-on is that mother liquor of stainless steel per ton is not more than 15kg;
Slag former selects block lime and fluorite, and the add-on of lime is that basicity of slag is not less than 2.0, and the add-on of fluorite is mother liquor of stainless steel 4kg ~ 6kg per ton.
C. stir afterwards: after oxygen blast terminates, be blown into microgas by gas spray gun to mother liquor of stainless steel from ladle top, continue to be blown into microgas from ladle bottom to mother liquor of stainless steel simultaneously, to add strong mixing mother liquor of stainless steel thus to promote desiliconization and reduction chromium element;
The air supply intensity being blown into microgas from ladle top is: mother liquor of stainless steel 0.12Nm per ton
3/ min ~ 0.36Nm
3/ min; The air supply intensity being blown into microgas from ladle bottom is: mother liquor of stainless steel 0.05NL/min ~ 0.14NL/min per ton.
D. de-slag: after stirring 5min ~ 10min afterwards, stirred desiliconization after stopping, having removed slag (i.e. desiliconization slag) subsequently, proceed to down the process of one vacuum-oxygen decarbonizing (i.e. VOD) operation.
When the present embodiment uses, according to thermodynamic principles, the avidity of silicon and oxygen is very strong at ambient pressure, adds oxygen carrier (as oxygen or solid oxidizing agent), silicon oxidized generation SiO in molten steel
2enter slag thus be cured and remove.Stainless molten steel desiliconization is exactly make use of silicon and strong this feature of oxygen affinity, and wherein solid oxidizing agent selects the ferriferous oxide such as ferric oxide, iron ore, when adding oxygenant in molten steel, following desilication reaction occurs
Si+O
2=SiO
2?G<0——(1)，
Si+2FeO=SiO
2+2Fe(l)?G<0——(2)，
2Si+Fe
3O
4(s)=2SiO
2+3Fe(l)?G<0——(3)，
3Si+2Fe
2O
3(s)=3SiO
2+4Fe(l)?G<0——(4)，
In the formula of above-mentioned (1) ~ (4), l and s shows the physical condition of reactant or resultant respectively, and l is liquid, and s is solid-state; G be reaction free enthalpy, G<0 then free enthalpy reduce reaction can be spontaneous undertaken by forward.
Containing elements such as C, Si, Cr in stainless molten steel, can competing property be oxidized after adding oxygenant, according to oxygen gesture figure, under normal pressure, the avidity of Si and O is very strong, and Si can by preferential oxidation, but due to Cr content in stainless molten steel high (being greater than 12%), far above the content (general <1%) of Si, adding oxygenant rear portion Cr like this can be oxidized prior to Si, as:
4Cr+3O
2=2Cr
2O
3——(5)，
Because the affinity of Si and O is greater than Cr, there is the reaction of Si reduction Cr simultaneously:
3Si+2Cr
2O
3=3SiO
2+4Cr——(6)，
And due to Si mass transfer not in time a part of chromated oxide be not reduced and enter in slag.
When the present embodiment uses, the desiliconization of stainless molten steel is carried out in ladle, because molten bath is dark, effective headroom of the liquid level distance steel ladle opening of stainless molten steel is about 1.2m ~ 1.6m, reaction compartment is limited, therefore top blast oxygen jet only can stir the stainless molten steel on top, molten bath, the silicon of bottom stainless molten steel cannot rapid mass transfer to top, affect desilication efficiency, and the stainless molten steel on top is easily due to excessively oxidated and cause a large amount of scaling loss of chromium element, therefore the present embodiment adopts and is blown into nitrogen or argon gas at ladle bottom simultaneously, with agitation molten pool, promote the up and down cyclic motion of stainless molten steel in ladle, Accelerative mass transfer.
Solid oxidizing agent and slag former drop in ladle, under the stirring action of oxygen, slag steel mixing zone is formed on top, molten bath, various desilication reaction and chromium reduction reaction are mainly carried out in slag steel mixing zone, under the interaction of bottom blowing and top blast, melting bath stirring is strengthened, and promotes carrying out smoothly of various reaction in slag steel mixing zone.
According to target desiliconization amount setting blowing oxygen quantity, after oxygen blast terminates, due to the competitive oxidation of chromium and silicon mass transfer insufficient, in molten steel, still some silicon does not remove, still containing a certain amount of chromic oxide in slag, therefore top-blown gas switches to from oxygen the gas spray gun that nitrogen or argon gas continue through ladle top and is blown into agitation molten pool in ladle, combine with bottom blowing and promote that slag fully contacts with stainless molten steel, chromium in slag is reduced by silicon in stainless molten steel to greatest extent, thus reaches the effect that chromium is protected in desiliconization.
The slag of chromium-containing oxide compares thickness, can hinder the abundant contact of slag steel, and therefore the present embodiment adds fluorite with desaturation slag in slag, improves the mobility of slag, and desulphurization is fully contacted, and promotes that reaction is carried out.
(1) desilication reaction of ~ (4) is all thermopositive reaction, thermogenic action is had to molten bath, and solid oxidizing agent absorbs heat when melting, cooling effect is had to molten bath, as long as therefore the ratio of oxygen and solid oxidizing agent is suitable, just reasonably can control bath temperature, after meeting, road VOD operation is to the requirement of temperature.
Claims (5)
1. a top bottom blowing method of smelting for stainless steel desiliconization, comprise a. fusing: stainless steel steel scrap is fused into mother liquor of stainless steel as raw material in smelting furnace, pour mother liquor of stainless steel into ladle, the temperature of mother liquor of stainless steel controls at 1580 DEG C ~ 1610 DEG C; It is characterized in that: also comprise the steps:
B. oxygen blast: after fusing terminates, under atmospheric pressure state, microgas is blown into mother liquor of stainless steel from ladle bottom, to stir mother liquor of stainless steel, microgas selects nitrogen or argon gas, be blown into oxygen by gas spray gun to mother liquor of stainless steel from ladle top, blowing oxygen quantity is determined according to desiliconization amount, drops into solid oxidizing agent and slag former from ladle top to mother liquor of stainless steel;
C. stir afterwards: after oxygen blast terminates, be blown into microgas by gas spray gun to mother liquor of stainless steel from ladle top, continue to be blown into microgas from ladle bottom to mother liquor of stainless steel simultaneously;
D. de-slag: after stirring 5min ~ 10min afterwards, stirred desiliconization after stopping, having removed slag subsequently.
2. as claimed in claim 1 for the top bottom blowing method that stainless steel desiliconization is smelted, it is characterized in that: when b walks oxygen blast, the oxygen supply intensity being blown into oxygen from ladle top is: mother liquor of stainless steel 0.19Nm per ton
3/ min ~ 0.6Nm
3/ min, rifle position 0.8m ~ 1.3m;
Solid oxidizing agent selects massive iron ore or block ferric oxide, and add-on is that mother liquor of stainless steel per ton is not more than 15kg;
Slag former selects block lime and fluorite, and the add-on of lime is that basicity of slag is not less than 2.0, and the add-on of fluorite is mother liquor of stainless steel 4kg ~ 6kg per ton.
3. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for the top bottom blowing method that stainless steel desiliconization is smelted, it is characterized in that: when stirring after c step, the air supply intensity being blown into microgas from ladle top is: mother liquor of stainless steel 0.12Nm per ton
3/ min ~ 0.36Nm
3/ min.
4. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for the top bottom blowing method of stainless steel desiliconization smelting, it is characterized in that: when b stirs after walking oxygen blast and c step, the air supply intensity being blown into microgas from ladle bottom is: mother liquor of stainless steel 0.05NL/min ~ 0.14NL/min per ton.
5. as claimed in claim 3 for the top bottom blowing method of stainless steel desiliconization smelting, it is characterized in that: when b stirs after walking oxygen blast and c step, the air supply intensity being blown into microgas from ladle bottom is: mother liquor of stainless steel 0.05NL/min ~ 0.14NL/min per ton.
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104673970B (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2017-01-11 | 东北大学 | Oxidizing dephosphorization method for high-silicon high-phosphorus chromium-nickel-containing molten iron |
| CN111235348B (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-10-26 | 浦项(张家港)不锈钢股份有限公司 | Composite gun body, stainless steel smelting system and steel ladle top-blown reduction and desulfurization process |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS572813A (en) * | 1980-06-07 | 1982-01-08 | Nippon Steel Corp | Production of decarbonized and melted stainless steel |
| CN1032034A (en) * | 1987-09-09 | 1989-03-29 | 日本钢管株式会社 | The decarbonization method of high chromium hot melt |
| JP2005526906A (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2005-09-08 | エス・エム・エス・デマーク・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト | Method and apparatus for producing stainless steel, in particular special steels containing chromium or chromium nickel |
| CN101096719A (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2008-01-02 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Desilication technology for chromium-containing melted iron |
| CN101928804A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2010-12-29 | 振石集团东方特钢股份有限公司 | Production method of austenitic stainless steel |
-
2013
- 2013-07-16 CN CN201310297167.4A patent/CN104294009B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS572813A (en) * | 1980-06-07 | 1982-01-08 | Nippon Steel Corp | Production of decarbonized and melted stainless steel |
| CN1032034A (en) * | 1987-09-09 | 1989-03-29 | 日本钢管株式会社 | The decarbonization method of high chromium hot melt |
| JP2005526906A (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2005-09-08 | エス・エム・エス・デマーク・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト | Method and apparatus for producing stainless steel, in particular special steels containing chromium or chromium nickel |
| CN101096719A (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2008-01-02 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Desilication technology for chromium-containing melted iron |
| CN101928804A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2010-12-29 | 振石集团东方特钢股份有限公司 | Production method of austenitic stainless steel |
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Effective date of registration: 20160718 Address after: 201999 Shanghai city Baoshan District Tieli Road No. 2510 Patentee after: Baosteel Engeneering &Technology Group Co., Ltd. Address before: 201900 room 1, floor 7, No. 550, Lane 105-108, G Shan Road, Shanghai, Baoshan District Patentee before: Shanghai Baofine Engineering & Technology Co., Ltd. |