CN104290307A - Two-color tube processing equipment - Google Patents
Two-color tube processing equipment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104290307A CN104290307A CN201410573977.2A CN201410573977A CN104290307A CN 104290307 A CN104290307 A CN 104290307A CN 201410573977 A CN201410573977 A CN 201410573977A CN 104290307 A CN104290307 A CN 104290307A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pipeline
- head part
- head
- core rod
- layer pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
- B29C48/17—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components having different colours
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
- B29C48/0013—Extrusion moulding in several steps, i.e. components merging outside the die
- B29C48/0015—Extrusion moulding in several steps, i.e. components merging outside the die producing hollow articles having components brought in contact outside the extrusion die
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
- B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
- B29C48/335—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles
- B29C48/336—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles the components merging one by one down streams in the die
- B29C48/3366—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles the components merging one by one down streams in the die using a die with concentric parts, e.g. rings, cylinders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2009/00—Layered products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses two-color tube processing equipment which comprises an inner pipeline extruding machine. An outer pipeline extruding machine is arranged on one side of the inner pipeline extruding machine; the machine head end of the outer pipeline extruder is connected with the machine head of the inner pipeline extruding machine; the machine head comprises a first machine head part and a second machine head part connected to the first machine head part; the other end of the second machine head part is provided with a mounting base; a clamping ring sleeves the mounting base; the clamping ring is connected with the second machine head part; an outer mold core and a distributor are arranged inside a machine head body; the distributor is connected with an inner mold core placed inside the outer mold core; an inner pipeline cavity is arranged between the outer mold core and the distributor body as well as the inner mold core; an outer pipeline cavity is arranged between the outer mold core and the machine head body; the head end of the outer pipeline cavity is communicated with an outer glue filling channel on the first machine head part; a pipeline molding cavity is arranged between the mounting base and the inner mold core; the inner pipeline cavity and the outer pipeline cavity are of an annular structure; the head ends of the two cavities are intersected at the head end of the pipeline molding cavity; a heating coil is arranged outside the machine head body.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of process equipment for the production of plastic conduit, particularly a kind of two-colour tube process equipment producing dual-color plastic pipeline.
Background technology
Plastic conduit is generally mainly used in plumbing, carries gas, lays circuit etc.For water supply and sewerage pipeline, standard is black drainpipe, but there is a problem in the supplying drainage of black, that is exactly in the process of the Raw material processing pipeline using black, if containing reclaiming the waste material obtained in the raw material used, the pipeline quality so processed differs just larger with using new Raw material processing pipeline quality out, using waste material to process can containing a large amount of impurity in the pipeline obtained, but because the pipeline of black is opaque, people are when selection pipeline, cannot find that whether pipeline is containing impurity by eye observation, containing waste material in the raw material whether used, just easily shoddy pipeline is bought when purchase pipeline.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, a kind of two-colour tube process equipment is provided.The pipeline processed by this two-colour tube process equipment is two-colour tube, its outer layer pipe is black pipeline, and inner layer pipe is transparent pipeline, people can be observed by eyes and find that whether inner layer pipe is containing impurity, whether containing the waste material reclaimed in the raw material of its processing, be convenient to people and select oneself pipeline applicable, have dust thrown into the eyes when avoiding consumer to buy pipeline.
Technical scheme of the present invention: a kind of two-colour tube process equipment, include inner layer pipe extruder, inner layer pipe extruder side is provided with outer layer pipe extruder, the skin of the head of outer layer pipe extruder head end and inner layer pipe extruder enters glue expanding channels, the head of described inner layer pipe extruder includes head Part I, head Part I is connected with head Part II, the head Part II other end is provided with mount pad, mount pad is inserted in snap ring, snap ring is connected with head Part II, crosshead body inside is provided with outer core rod and tripper, tripper is connected with the internal layer core rod putting into outer core rod inside, outer core rod and be provided with interior conduit die cavity between tripper main body and internal layer core rod, Outer Tube die cavity is provided with between outer core rod and crosshead body, the skin that Outer Tube die cavity head end and head Part I are provided with enters glue channel conductive, pipeline forming recess is provided with between mount pad and internal layer core rod, interior conduit die cavity, Outer Tube die cavity is loop configuration, and this two die cavities head end is intersected in pipeline forming recess head end place, heating collar is provided with outside crosshead body.
Aforesaid two-colour tube process equipment, described head Part II is provided with colour band and enters glue passage, and colour band enters glue passage and the conducting of pipeline forming recess, and the other end that colour band enters glue passage is connected with the head end that inner layer pipe extruder opposite side is provided with colour band extruder.
Aforesaid two-colour tube process equipment, described head Part II head end is provided with Baltimore groove, and the lateral wall of the head Part II that Baltimore groove is corresponding is provided with adjustment screw, and adjustment screw head end props up the sidewall of the mount pad putting into Baltimore groove.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: compared with prior art, the present invention improves existing monochromatic tube two-colour tube processing equipment head, and be provided with 3 extruders, be respectively used to melt outer layer pipe raw material, inner layer pipe raw material and colour band raw material, raw material after melting is concentrated and is fed through in the head of inner layer pipe extruder, transparent plastic raw materials forms internal layer transparent pipeline by interior conduit die cavity after hot melt processing, and the plastic raw materials of black after hot melt processing by outer enter glue passage be injected in the Outer Tube die cavity of loop configuration, obtain outer black pipeline, internal layer transparent pipeline and outer black pipeline cross at pipeline forming recess head end place, the inner tubal wall of the outer tube wall of internal layer transparent pipeline and outer black pipeline is bonded together, thus processing obtains double-colored pipeline, and colour band raw material enters on outer black pipeline that glue passage is attached to double-colored pipeline to form colour band by colour band after melting, thus obtain final products.Whether double-colored pipeline lining is hyaline layer, is convenient to people and observes in pipeline whether contain impurity when selecting pipeline, be convenient to people and understand in processing raw material of pipeline containing the waste material reclaimed.Thus being convenient to people, to differentiate those are high-quality pipelines, those are pipelines inferior, have dust thrown into the eyes when avoiding consumer to buy pipeline.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the structural representation of the head of inner layer pipe extruder;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the sectional structure schematic diagram of accompanying drawing 2;
Accompanying drawing 4 processes the pipeline obtained for the present invention;
Reference numeral: 1-head Part I, 2-head Part II, 3-mount pad, 4-snap ring, the outer core rod of 5-, 6-tripper, 7-internal layer core rod, 8-interior conduit die cavity, 9-Outer Tube die cavity, 10-skin enters glue passage, 11-pipeline forming recess, 12-heating collar, 13-colour band enters glue passage, 14-adjustment screw, 15-inner layer pipe extruder, 16-outer layer pipe extruder, 17-colour band extruder, 18-internal layer transparent pipeline, the outer black pipeline of 19-, 20-colour band.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further illustrated, but not as the foundation limited the present invention.
Embodiments of the invention: a kind of two-colour tube process equipment, as shown in accompanying drawing 1-4, this equipment includes 1 inner layer pipe extruder 15,1 outer layer pipe extruder 16 is provided with in inner layer pipe extruder 15 side, this outer layer pipe extruder 16 head end enters glue path 10 with the skin of the head of inner layer pipe extruder 15 and is connected, the head inside of the head end of outer layer pipe extruder 16 is not incorporated with mould, and the raw material after outer layer pipe extruder 16 hot melt is directly injected into the head of inner layer pipe extruder 15 from its head section.The head of inner layer pipe extruder 15 includes cylindric head Part I 1, this head Part I 1 is connected with cylindric head Part II 2, the other end of head Part II 2 then contacts with the bottom surface of the mount pad 3 of T font, the step of the mount pad 3 of T font is inserted in 1 snap ring 4, snap ring 4 is by screw fastening on head Part II 2, and mount pad 3 is just fastened on head Part II 2 by such snap ring 4.The inside of head Part I 1, head Part II 2 and mount pad 3 is hollow-core construction.Head Part I 1 inside is notch cuttype through hole, and in the through hole of crosshead body inside, be placed with 1 outer core rod 5, outer core rod 5 is connected to the ladder place of head Part I 1, and the inside of outer core rod 5 is also be hollow-core construction.The end face of outer core rod 5 is then placed with 1 tripper 6, and tripper 6 is connected with internal layer core rod 7, and puts into outer core rod 5 internal cavities.Manufacturing process ectomesoderm core rod 5 and form 1 interior conduit die cavity 8 between tripper 6 and internal layer core rod 7, and between outer core rod 5 and two crosshead body, be provided with 1 Outer Tube die cavity 9, the skin that Outer Tube die cavity 9 head end and head Part I 1 are provided with enters the conducting of glue path 10, and between mount pad 3 and internal layer core rod 7, be provided with the pipeline forming recess 11 of loop configuration, interior conduit die cavity 8 and Outer Tube die cavity 9 are also loop configuration, and this two die cavities head end is intersected in pipeline forming recess 11 head end place, heating collar 12 is provided with outside crosshead body, for heating the plastic raw materials of head inside.
When the present invention uses, inner layer pipe extruder 15 is for carrying out hot melt to transparent raw material, and outer layer pipe extruder 16 then for carrying out hot melt to the raw material of black, after the raw material hot melt of 2 kinds of different colours, is all injected in the head of inner layer pipe extruder 15.Transparent plastic raw materials, after hot melt, enters into interior conduit die cavity 8 from the tripper 6 of the left head end of head, thus forms internal layer transparent pipeline 15; And the plastic raw materials of black is after hot melt, the Outer Tube die cavity 9 that glue path 10 enters into loop configuration is entered through skin, thus form outer black pipeline 16, internal layer transparent pipeline 15 and outer black pipeline 16 are in the process extruded to the right head end of head, and two-layer pipeline can cross at the head end place of pipeline forming recess 11.Cross in process, the outer tube wall of internal layer transparent pipeline 15 can bond together with the inner tubal wall of outer black pipeline 16, thus obtains dual-color plastic pipeline, and the dual-color plastic pipeline obtained is sent from the other end of pipeline forming recess 11.
Described head Part II is provided with colour band and enters glue passage 13, and colour band enters glue passage 13 and pipeline forming recess 11 conducting, and the head end of the colour band extruder 17 that the other end that colour band enters glue passage 13 is provided with inner layer pipe extruder 15 opposite side is connected.The colour band that other coloured colour band raw material except black raw material is injected into inner layer pipe extruder 15 from its head end after colour band extruder 17 hot melt enters glue passage 11, and flow out from its head end, coloured raw material after outflow can adhere on the surface of outer black pipeline 16, form colour band 17, arranging mainly based on the demand of outward appearance aspect of this colour band 17.
Be provided with 1 Baltimore groove at described head Part II 2 head end, the lateral wall of head Part II 2 corresponding to this Baltimore groove is provided with several adjustment screw 14, and adjustment screw 14 head end props up the sidewall of the mount pad 3 putting into Baltimore groove.This adjustment screw 14 is mainly used in regulating the interval between the endless inner wall of mount pad 3 and the ring-type outer wall of internal layer core rod 7, namely regulate the cavity thickness of pipeline forming recess 11, ensure the cavity consistency of thickness of various piece, avoiding processing the dual-color plastic pipeline obtained, to there will be section tubular wall thicker, and the problem that section tubular wall is thinner.
Claims (3)
1. a two-colour tube process equipment, it is characterized in that: include inner layer pipe extruder (15), inner layer pipe extruder (15) side is provided with outer layer pipe extruder (16), outer layer pipe extruder (16) head end and the skin of the head of inner layer pipe extruder (15) enter glue passage (10) and are connected, the head of described inner layer pipe extruder (15) includes head Part I (1), head Part I (1) is connected with head Part II (2), head Part II (2) other end is provided with mount pad (3), mount pad (3) is inserted in snap ring (4), snap ring (4) is connected with head Part II (2), crosshead body inside is provided with outer core rod (5) and tripper (6), tripper (6) is connected with the internal layer core rod (7) putting into outer core rod (5) inside, outer core rod (5) and be provided with interior conduit die cavity (8) between tripper (6) main body and internal layer core rod (7), Outer Tube die cavity (9) is provided with between outer core rod (5) and crosshead body, the skin that Outer Tube die cavity (9) head end and head Part I (1) are provided with enters glue passage (10) conducting, pipeline forming recess (11) is provided with between mount pad (3) and internal layer core rod (7), interior conduit die cavity (8), Outer Tube die cavity (9) is loop configuration, and this two die cavities head end is intersected in pipeline forming recess (11) head end place, heating collar (12) is provided with outside crosshead body.
2. two-colour tube process equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described head Part II (2) is provided with colour band and enters glue passage (13), colour band enters glue passage (13) and pipeline forming recess (11) conducting, and the other end that colour band enters glue passage (13) is connected with the head end that inner layer pipe extruder (15) opposite side is provided with colour band extruder (17).
3. two-colour tube process equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described head Part II (2) head end is provided with Baltimore groove, the lateral wall of the head Part II (2) that Baltimore groove is corresponding is provided with adjustment screw (14), and adjustment screw (14) head end props up the sidewall of the mount pad (3) putting into Baltimore groove.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410573977.2A CN104290307A (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2014-10-24 | Two-color tube processing equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410573977.2A CN104290307A (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2014-10-24 | Two-color tube processing equipment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104290307A true CN104290307A (en) | 2015-01-21 |
Family
ID=52310372
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410573977.2A Pending CN104290307A (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2014-10-24 | Two-color tube processing equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104290307A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114523644A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-24 | 公元管道(安徽)有限公司 | Polyethylene large-caliber solid-wall pipe forming die |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE29611650U1 (en) * | 1996-02-06 | 1996-09-05 | Unitek Maschinenbau- und Handelsgesellschaft mbH, Wien | Device for changing at least two extrudable layers of paint, e.g. Color codes, on a carrier layer |
| US20050258565A1 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2005-11-24 | Prem Anand | Method and apparatus for forming a striped extrusion |
| CN102463665A (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-23 | 蒋长城 | Machine head of two-color tube plastic extruding machine |
| CN202528427U (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2012-11-14 | 上海金湖挤出设备有限公司 | Spreader PVC pipe machine head |
| CN203046206U (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-07-10 | 苏州金纬机械制造有限公司 | Double-wall corrugated pipe forming machine |
| CN103909641A (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2014-07-09 | 苏州金纬机械制造有限公司 | Solid wall tube, and tube preparation mould |
-
2014
- 2014-10-24 CN CN201410573977.2A patent/CN104290307A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE29611650U1 (en) * | 1996-02-06 | 1996-09-05 | Unitek Maschinenbau- und Handelsgesellschaft mbH, Wien | Device for changing at least two extrudable layers of paint, e.g. Color codes, on a carrier layer |
| US20050258565A1 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2005-11-24 | Prem Anand | Method and apparatus for forming a striped extrusion |
| CN102463665A (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-23 | 蒋长城 | Machine head of two-color tube plastic extruding machine |
| CN202528427U (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2012-11-14 | 上海金湖挤出设备有限公司 | Spreader PVC pipe machine head |
| CN203046206U (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-07-10 | 苏州金纬机械制造有限公司 | Double-wall corrugated pipe forming machine |
| CN103909641A (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2014-07-09 | 苏州金纬机械制造有限公司 | Solid wall tube, and tube preparation mould |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 金灿: "《塑料成型设备与模具》", 31 January 2008 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114523644A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-24 | 公元管道(安徽)有限公司 | Polyethylene large-caliber solid-wall pipe forming die |
| CN114523644B (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2023-12-26 | 公元管道(安徽)有限公司 | Polyethylene large-caliber solid wall pipe forming die |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101229680B (en) | Die head of canulate forming machine | |
| CN201471709U (en) | Inner-layer basket type outer-layer divided-flow die of plastic composite tube | |
| CN206357607U (en) | Double-layer composite pipe extruded mould | |
| CN104552873A (en) | Co-extruding mold of plastic composite pipe with foamed outer layer | |
| CN105479671A (en) | Novel spraying nozzle of injection molding machine | |
| CN101447261B (en) | Processing method of cable with totally colored surface and extrusion die | |
| CN202473417U (en) | Extrusion molding die for double-color wire | |
| CN205522310U (en) | Open point of chewing | |
| CN104290307A (en) | Two-color tube processing equipment | |
| CN106738757A (en) | Double-layer composite pipe extruded mould improved structure | |
| CN204076751U (en) | A kind of pipe machining equipment | |
| CN102689431A (en) | Coextrusion mould of soft and hard plastic profiled bars | |
| CN205467163U (en) | Quick refrigerated injection mold | |
| CN204701100U (en) | Cable jacket identification strip polychrome note bar mould | |
| CN204505764U (en) | A kind of pipe machining equipment head | |
| CN103345984B (en) | Method and the device of electric wire inner insulating layer and restrictive coating are once extruded | |
| CN101293389B (en) | Injection nozzle for sandwich closestool cover plate injection molding technique | |
| CN201192895Y (en) | Mold head of hollow molding machine | |
| CN214605756U (en) | Hot mouth area uniform cooling device of injection mold | |
| CN106738774A (en) | Double-layer composite pipe extruded mould | |
| CN107685435A (en) | The moulding process and mould of a kind of plastic pipe | |
| CN201544441U (en) | Combination die for producing plastic pipe with color threads | |
| KR101316883B1 (en) | Pvc pipe | |
| CN106738655A (en) | A kind of big specification threeway plastic tube metal die | |
| CN203680780U (en) | Co-extrusion type sandwich extrusion die |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20150121 |