CN104284339A - Cognitive radio spectrum allocation method based on game theory and evolutionary computation - Google Patents

Cognitive radio spectrum allocation method based on game theory and evolutionary computation Download PDF

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CN104284339A
CN104284339A CN201410570851.XA CN201410570851A CN104284339A CN 104284339 A CN104284339 A CN 104284339A CN 201410570851 A CN201410570851 A CN 201410570851A CN 104284339 A CN104284339 A CN 104284339A
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communication
user
matrix
radio
frequency spectrum
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CN104284339B (en
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尚荣华
焦李成
徐豪
马文萍
马晶晶
侯彪
李静
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Xidian University
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Xidian University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0032—Distributed allocation, i.e. involving a plurality of allocating devices, each making partial allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation

Abstract

The invention discloses a cognitive radio spectrum allocation method which mainly solves the problems that in the prior art, mutual interference between communication users is large, and the communication capacity is low. The method comprises the steps that (1) radio communication spectra are allocated to the communication users; (2) the radio communication spectra of the communication users are updated; (3) communication matrixes are established; (4) the communication matrixes are subjected to iteration updating; (5) the communication matrix with the highest evaluation value is found; (6) the radio communication spectra are allocated. The cognitive radio spectrum allocation method combines a game theory method and an evolutionary computation method, lowers signal interference between the communication users and increases the total channel capacity of a communication system; meanwhile, the radio communication spectra can be output quickly, so that the demand for quick allocation of the radio spectra is met.

Description

Based on the cognitive radio spectrum allocation method of game theory and evolutionary computation
Technical field
The invention belongs to communication technical field, further relate to a kind of cognitive radio spectrum allocation method based on game theory and evolutionary computation in radio-frequency spectrum distribution technique field.The present invention can be applicable to the distribution that radio art carries out radio-frequency spectrum.
Background technology
Cognitive radio technology is a kind of Intelligent Measurement and utilizes the technology of frequency spectrum cavity-pocket, can perceived spectral, and changes the parameters such as through-put power, carrier frequency and modulation technique in real time, improves the utilance of frequency spectrum and the communication quality of radio system.In radio communication field, the management and use of frequency spectrum resource are extremely important, the static spectral distribution method that various countries commonly use is to authorized user by spectrum allocation may, other unauthorized users then have no right to use, like this when authorized user does not use frequency spectrum, waste frequency spectrum resource, the availability of frequency spectrum is low.And meanwhile along with the development of social informatization, radio communication is the more universal shortage causing Radio Spectrum Resource again simultaneously.The proposition of cognitive radio then provides a kind of effective solution route for solving frequency spectrum resource shortage problem.
The patent application " a kind of cognitive radio network spectrum allocation method based on polymerization and device " (number of patent application PCT/CN2010/079043, publication number WO2011110032 A1) that Huawei Tech Co., Ltd proposes discloses a kind of cognitive radio network spectrum allocation method based on polymerization.The method is the unit capacity information in different spectral fragment according to usable spectrum frag info and unauthorized user first, structure solution matrix, then, calculate the reference key that solution matrix is corresponding, according to reference key determination Resourse Distribute vector, and select Resourse Distribute element from Resourse Distribute vector after, carry out Resourse Distribute.Finally, if still have remaining Resourse Distribute element to wait for Resourse Distribute after carrying out Resourse Distribute, then remove the Resourse Distribute element having completed Resourse Distribute from solution matrix after, construct new solution matrix, proceed Resourse Distribute until available spectrum resources corresponding to usable spectrum frag info is assigned or the unauthorized user of resource to be allocated all obtains frequency spectrum resource needed for it.The deficiency that the method exists is that communication user may be combined by the channel of multiple fragmentation for the channel communicated, and Communication Jamming is comparatively large, and the communication quality that result in system is unstable.
The patent application " in cognitive radio system a kind of frequency spectrum distributing method based on graph theory " (number of patent application CN 200910034227, publication number CN101662783 A) that Southeast China University proposes discloses a kind of frequency spectrum distributing method based on graph theory.The method implementation step is: the first step, calculates the priority of the channel idle matrix of each node, interference matrix and each node, selects the node with greatest priority to carry out spectrum allocation may.Second step, after determining distribution node, in its frequency band list, finds out the frequency range with its neighbours with least interference and distributes, and deleted from its neighbor node by this interference band.3rd step, again upgrades channel idle matrix and the interference matrix of other nodes, returns the priority that the first step recalculates node, until all peer distribution are complete, the first round like this distributes end.4th step, proceeds second to take turns according to identical rule, the distribution of third round, until all nodes do not exist available channel.The deficiency that the method exists is that radio communication spectrum allocation may overlong time, cannot meet the demand of radio art needs fast allocation communication spectrum.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, propose a kind of cognitive radio spectrum allocation method based on game theory and evolutionary computation, hinge structure of the present invention reduces the mutual interference between communication user, improves communication quality.The present invention is simultaneously shorter to the radio communication spectrum allocation may time, has adapted to the demand of radio communication field needs fast allocation communication spectrum.
To achieve these goals, the inventive method comprises the steps:
(1) communication user distributes radio communication frequency spectrum:
Communication user Random assignment radio communication frequency spectrum;
(2) communication user radio communication frequency spectrum is upgraded:
Adopt Game Theory, upgrade communication user radio communication frequency spectrum;
(3) judge that whether upgrade communication user radio communication frequency spectrum number of times equals 100, if so, performs step (3); Otherwise, perform step (2);
(4) communication matrix is produced:
(4a) to communication user [1, N] mark successively in scope, to communication spectrum [1, K] encode successively in scope, set up the communication matrix of a N dimension, according to communication user mark order from small to large, successively stored in the radio communication spectrum coding corresponding with communication user, wherein K represents radio communication frequency spectrum sum, and N represents communication user sum;
(4b) communication matrix number is added 1;
(5) judge whether communication matrix equals 10, if so, perform step (4); If not, step (1) is performed;
(6) maximum of communication matrix fitness is obtained:
Use evolutionary computation evolutionary algorithm method, upgrade communication matrix, obtain the maximum of communication matrix fitness, and the communication matrix that record is corresponding;
(7) judge that whether upgrade communication matrix number of times equals 100, if so, performs step (8); Otherwise, perform step (6);
(8) radio communication frequency spectrum is distributed:
Carry out the distribution of radio communication frequency spectrum according to the communication matrix corresponding to communication matrix fitness maximum, wherein the every one dimension of communication matrix represents the user of mark 1 to N in order respectively, and the digitized representation coding 1 of every one dimension arrives the radio communication frequency spectrum of K.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
First, the present invention is by using function of diving as evaluation function, calculate the mutual interference coefficient between communication user, and select with this radio communication frequency spectrum distributing method that between communication user, interference is minimum mutually, overcome the shortcoming that between the radio communication user of existing communication technology, interference is larger mutually, make to adopt signal disturbing between method communication user of the present invention less, communication is stable.
Second, the present invention adopts the method for evolutionary computation evolutionary algorithm, radio communication frequency spectrum distributing method can be exported fast, overcome in prior art and distribute radio communication frequency spectrum slower shortcoming, the demand making the inventive method meet radio communication field to need fast allocation radio communication frequency spectrum.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the comparison diagram that the present invention and prior art upgrade radio communication frequency spectrum and evaluation of estimate;
Fig. 3 is the comparison diagram that the present invention and prior art upgrade radio communication frequency spectrum and system overall channel capacity.
Concrete implementing measure
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, invention is described further.
The concrete steps of 1 pair of the inventive method are described below by reference to the accompanying drawings:
Step 1, communication user distributes radio communication frequency spectrum.
Communication user is Random assignment radio communication frequency spectrum in available radio communication spectrum.
Step 2, upgrades user radio communication spectrum.
Adopt Game Theory, upgrade communication user radio communication frequency spectrum, Game Theory concrete operations are as follows:
The first step, chooses arbitrarily a user from communication user, as the investigation user that the t time upgrades.
Second step, utilizes utility function formula, calculates the value of utility of investigation user at available radio communication spectrum, composition value of utility matrix, and utility function formula is as follows:
U i = - Σ j = 1 , j ≠ i N p i G ji I ( i , j ) - Σ j = 1 , j ≠ i N p j G ij I ( j , i )
Wherein, U irepresent the value of utility of user node i, N represents the sum of user node, p irepresent the transmitting power of the signal transmitter of user node i, G i,jrepresent the signal attenuation coefficient of signal transmitter to the signal receiver of user node j of user node i, G i,jspan be [0,1], I (i, j) interference coefficient between user node i and user node j is represented, when the signal transmitter of user node i and the signal transmitter of user node j share same communication channel, interference coefficient is 1, when the signal transmitter of user node i and the signal transmitter of user node j do not share same communication channel, interference coefficient is 0, the value of utility of user at existing channel can be investigated according to formula, by the value of utility of investigation user in whole communication channel, composition value of utility matrix.
3rd step, finds the maximum of value of utility from value of utility matrix.
4th step, by investigation user radio communication spectrum from current radio communication frequency spectrum, is updated to the radio communication frequency spectrum corresponding to maximum utility value.
5th step, adds 1 by renewal radio communication frequency spectrum number of times t.
Step 3, judges whether upgrade communication user radio communication frequency spectrum number of times equals 100, if so, shows that upgrading radio communication frequency spectrum terminates, and performs step (3), otherwise, perform step (2).
Step 4, produces communication matrix.
Set up communication matrix, to communication user [1, N] mark successively in scope, communication spectrum is encoded successively in [1, K] scope, sets up the communication matrix of a N dimension, according to communication user mark order from small to large, successively stored in the radio communication spectrum coding corresponding with communication user, wherein K represents radio communication frequency spectrum sum, and N represents communication user sum.Communication matrix number is added 1 simultaneously.
Step 5, judges whether communication matrix equals 10, if so, performs step (4); If not, step (1) is performed.
Step 6, the fitness maximum of record communication matrix.
Use evolutionary computation evolutionary algorithm method, upgrade communication matrix, obtain the maximum of communication matrix fitness, and the communication matrix that record is corresponding, evolutionary computation evolutionary algorithm method concrete steps are as follows:
The first step, adopts as dive function formula, calculates the evaluation of estimate of communication matrix:
P = 1 2 Σ i = 1 N U i
Wherein, P represents the evaluation of estimate of communication matrix, U irepresent the utility function of user node i corresponding to communication matrix, N represents the sum of user node, obtains the evaluation of estimate of whole 10 communication matrixs.
Second step, carry out immune clone, variation, selection operation to communication matrix, upgrade communication matrix, clone's number of times is 3, and mutation probability is 1, and selection course is retain 10 maximum communication matrixs of evaluation of estimate.
3rd step, finds the evaluation of estimate maximum of communication matrix, records the communication matrix corresponding with this evaluation of estimate maximum.
4th step, adds 1 by renewal communication matrix number of times.
Step 7, judges that whether upgrade communication matrix number of times equals 100, if so, performs step (5); Otherwise, perform step (4).
Step 7, distributes radio communication frequency spectrum.
Carry out the distribution of radio communication frequency spectrum according to the communication matrix corresponding to communication matrix fitness maximum, wherein the every one dimension of communication matrix represents the user of mark 1 to N in order respectively, and the digitized representation coding 1 of every one dimension arrives the radio communication frequency spectrum of K.
Below in conjunction with the analogous diagram of accompanying drawing 2 and Fig. 3, effect of the present invention is described in detail.
1. simulated conditions:
The emulation experiment environment of accompanying drawing 2 accompanying drawing 3 is: MATLAB7.11.0, Intel (R) Core (TM) CPU i5-4200H2.80GHz, Window7 Ultimate.
2. emulate content
The result of emulation experiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, accompanying drawing 2 with method of the present invention and prior art based on game theoretic cognitive radio spectrum allocation method, respectively spectrum allocation may is carried out to radio circuit as described below, and contrast upgrades the relation of radio communication frequency spectrum and evaluation of estimate.Communication network is WLAN net, follows the communication protocol of IEEE802.11, and working frequency range is 5GHz, 20 communication users, is distributed in square region that radius is 200m, has 5 available radio communication frequency spectrums.
The result of emulation experiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 3, accompanying drawing 3 with method of the present invention and prior art based on game theoretic cognitive radio spectrum allocation method, respectively spectrum allocation may is carried out to radio circuit as described below, and contrast upgrades the relation of radio communication frequency spectrum and system overall channel capacity.Communication network is WLAN net, follows the communication protocol of IEEE802.11, and working frequency range is 5GHz, 20 communication users, is distributed in square region that radius is 200m, has 5 available radio communication frequency spectrums.
3. experimental result and analysis
Accompanying drawing 2 is that the inventive method and Game Theory upgrade radio communication frequency spectrum number of times in [10,100] scope, the variation diagram of evaluation of estimate.The relation of the renewal radio communication frequency spectrum that the curve representative indicated with " * " in Fig. 2 adopts the inventive method to obtain and evaluation of estimate, the relation of the renewal radio communication frequency spectrum that the curve indicated with "○" representative adopts Game Theory to obtain and evaluation of estimate.As shown in Figure 2, be [10 at renewal radio communication frequency spectrum number of times, 100] in scope, along with the increase upgrading radio communication frequency spectrum number of times, the evaluation of estimate of the inventive method and Game Theory is all increasing, and the inventive method evaluation of estimate is all greater than Game Theory when identical renewal radio communication frequency spectrum number of times.Prove this method compared to existing technology, have the advantages that signal disturbing between communication user is little.
Accompanying drawing 3 is that the inventive method and Game Theory upgrade radio communication frequency spectrum number of times in [10,100] scope, the variation diagram of system overall channel capacity.The relation of the renewal radio communication frequency spectrum that the curve representative indicated with " * " in Fig. 2 adopts the inventive method to obtain and system overall channel capacity, the relation of the renewal radio communication frequency spectrum that the curve representative indicated with "○" adopts Game Theory to obtain and system overall channel capacity, as shown in Figure 3, be [10 at renewal radio communication frequency spectrum number of times, 100] in scope, along with the increase upgrading radio communication frequency spectrum number of times, the system overall channel capacity of the inventive method and Game Theory is all increasing, and the system overall channel capacity of the inventive method is all greater than Game Theory when identical renewal radio communication frequency spectrum number of times.Demonstrate the inventive method compared to existing technology, have the advantages that message capacity is large.
In sum, radio-frequency spectrum distribution method described in the invention, has signal disturbing little, the feature that message capacity is large, is better than existing radio-frequency spectrum distribution method.

Claims (3)

1. the cognitive radio spectrum allocation method based on game theory and evolutionary computation, in the present invention there is multiple communication user in a communication network, multiple available radio communication spectrum, each user node comprises a signal receiver and a signal transmitter, and concrete steps of the present invention are as follows:
(1) communication user distributes radio communication frequency spectrum:
Communication user Random assignment radio communication frequency spectrum;
(2) communication user radio communication frequency spectrum is upgraded:
Adopt Game Theory, upgrade communication user radio communication frequency spectrum;
(3) judge that whether upgrade communication user radio communication frequency spectrum number of times equals 100, if so, performs step (3); Otherwise, perform step (2);
(4) communication matrix is produced:
(4a) to communication user [1, N] mark successively in scope, to communication spectrum [1, K] encode successively in scope, set up the communication matrix of a N dimension, according to communication user mark order from small to large, successively stored in the radio communication spectrum coding corresponding with communication user, wherein K represents radio communication frequency spectrum sum, and N represents communication user sum;
(4b) communication matrix number is added 1;
(5) judge whether communication matrix equals 10, if so, perform step (4); If not, step (1) is performed;
(6) maximum of communication matrix fitness is obtained:
Use evolutionary computation evolutionary algorithm method, upgrade communication matrix, obtain the maximum of communication matrix fitness, and the communication matrix that record is corresponding;
(7) judge that whether upgrade communication matrix number of times equals 100, if so, performs step (8); Otherwise, perform step (6);
(8) radio communication frequency spectrum is distributed:
Carry out the distribution of radio communication frequency spectrum according to the communication matrix corresponding to communication matrix fitness maximum, wherein the every one dimension of communication matrix represents the user of mark 1 to N in order respectively, and the digitized representation coding 1 of every one dimension arrives the radio communication frequency spectrum of K.
2. the cognitive radio spectrum allocation method based on game theory and evolutionary computation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the Game Theory concrete steps described in step (2a) are as follows:
The first step, chooses arbitrarily a user from communication user, as the investigation user that the t time upgrades;
Second step, utilizes utility function formula, calculates the value of utility of investigation user at available radio communication spectrum, composition value of utility matrix, and utility function formula is as follows:
U i = - Σ j = 1 , j ≠ i N p i G ji I ( i , j ) - Σ j = 1 , j ≠ i N p j G ij I ( j , i )
Wherein, U irepresent the value of utility of user node i, N represents the sum of user node, p irepresent the transmitting power of the signal transmitter of user node i, G i,jrepresent the signal attenuation coefficient of signal transmitter to the signal receiver of user node j of user node i, G i,jspan be [0,1], I (i, j) interference coefficient between user node i and user node j is represented, when the signal transmitter of user node i and the signal transmitter of user node j share same communication channel, interference coefficient is 1, when the signal transmitter of user node i and the signal transmitter of user node j do not share same communication channel, interference coefficient is 0, the value of utility of user at existing channel can be investigated according to formula, by the value of utility of investigation user in whole communication channel, composition value of utility matrix;
3rd step, finds the maximum of value of utility from value of utility matrix;
4th step, by investigation user radio communication spectrum from current radio communication frequency spectrum, is updated to the radio communication frequency spectrum corresponding to maximum utility value;
5th step, adds 1 by renewal radio communication frequency spectrum number of times.
3. the cognitive radio spectrum allocation method based on game theory and evolutionary computation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the step of the evolutionary computation evolutionary algorithm method described in step (4) is as follows:
The first step, adopts as dive function formula, calculates the evaluation of estimate of communication matrix:
P = 1 2 Σ i = 1 N U i
Wherein, P represents the evaluation of estimate of communication matrix, U irepresent the utility function of user node i corresponding to communication matrix, N represents the sum of user node;
Second step, carries out immune clone, variation, selection operation to communication matrix, upgrades communication matrix;
3rd step, finds the evaluation of estimate maximum of communication matrix, records the communication matrix corresponding with this evaluation of estimate maximum;
4th step, adds 1 by renewal communication matrix number of times.
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