CN104284202A - 一种采用优化式结构的cdn透明传输方法 - Google Patents

一种采用优化式结构的cdn透明传输方法 Download PDF

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CN104284202A
CN104284202A CN201410538563.6A CN201410538563A CN104284202A CN 104284202 A CN104284202 A CN 104284202A CN 201410538563 A CN201410538563 A CN 201410538563A CN 104284202 A CN104284202 A CN 104284202A
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张焰
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Wuxi dongjinhong Investment Management Co.,Ltd.
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/2343Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
    • H04N21/234309Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements by transcoding between formats or standards, e.g. from MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 or from Quicktime to Realvideo
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/2385Channel allocation; Bandwidth allocation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/262Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists
    • H04N21/26258Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists for generating a list of items to be played back in a given order, e.g. playlist, or scheduling item distribution according to such list
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/262Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists
    • H04N21/26291Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists for providing content or additional data updates, e.g. updating software modules, stored at the client
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/647Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load, bridging between two different networks, e.g. between IP and wireless
    • H04N21/64723Monitoring of network processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of network load
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/83Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
    • H04N21/845Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
    • H04N21/8456Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments by decomposing the content in the time domain, e.g. in time segments

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种采用优化式结构的CDN透明传输方法,属于CDN技术领域,采用经过升级后的CDN下级节点,在收到CDN上级节点推送的索引文件和视频文件时,对索引文件进行更新,将索引文件中所有视频片段的URL地址替换为CDN下级节点的地址,从而让客户端请求每个视频片段时都绕过SLB直接向CDN下级节点请求服务,这种优化式结构方法减轻了SLB的负载,优化了CDN调度策略,保证了用户体验。

Description

一种采用优化式结构的CDN透明传输方法
技术领域
    本发明涉及CDN技术领域,具体是涉及一种采用优化式结构的CDN透明传输方法。
背景技术
最简单的CDN传输自适应流媒体的方法-CDN透明传输方法,是将CDN简单分为3个部分:上级CDN、下级CDN和服务器负载均衡(SLB,Server Load Balancing)。其中上级CDN是指中心节点,导入服务器组件生成的索引文件和切片文件,并将这些内容分发到下级CDN节点,下级CDN节点是指边缘节点,根据SLB重定向的结果就近响应用户的服务请求,用户在网页上获取的URL地址通常都指向SLB,由SLB根据用户IP地址、CDN节点负载情况、网络流量等综合信息将用户重定向到最合适的下级CDN节点。
传统的CDN透明传输方法的原理是将同一个视频源内容编码、切片生成的每个视频片段文件都看作是一个独立的节目内容,在服务器组建上将它们注入到CDN中,每个片段文件都被CDN单独管理,彼此之间无相关性,当客户端索取索引文件后,根据索引文件中记录的每个片段内容的URL地址发起HTTP请求,由SLB逐个处理并重新定向到相应的下级CDN节点,在这种CDN透明传输方法中,客户端请求索引文件和每一个视频片段,都要向SLB发起请求以获得提供服务的下级CDN地址,当客户端观看完整个节目时需要发起上千次乃至上万次请求,使得SLB负载过重,影响CDN决策效率。
发明内容
发明目的:为了克服上述问题,本发明提供一种采用优化式结构的CDN透明传输方法。
技术方案:为实现上述目的,本发明的一种采用优化式结构的CDN透明传输方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)编码器将视频源内容编码为多个码率的视频文件,并将多个码率的视频文件传送至切片服务器;
(2)切片服务器将每个码率的视频文件都切片为时间相同的多个小文件,同时生成与小文件对应的索引文件,并将小文件和索引文件都注入到CDN上级节点;
(3)CDN内部将小文件和索引文件推送到CDN下级节点;
(4)CDN下级节点收到CDN上级节点推送的索引文件和小文件后,CDN下级节点对索引文件进行更新,将索引文件中的视频片段URL地址替换为CDN下级节点的地址;
(5)客户端向SLB请求获取索引文件;
(6)SLB根据用户IP地址、节点负载、网络流量等综合信息将用户重定向到合适的CDN下级节点;
(7)客户端通过索引文件内更新后的视频片段的URL地址直接向合适的CDN下级节点请求各个视频片段。
有益效果:本发明的一种采用优化式结构的CDN透明传输方法,采用经过升级后的CDN下级节点,在收到CDN上级节点推送的索引文件和视频文件时,对索引文件进行更新,将索引文件中所有视频片段的URL地址替换为CDN下级节点的地址,从而让客户端请求每个视频片段时都绕过SLB直接向CDN下级节点请求服务,这种优化式结构方法减轻了SLB的负载,优化了CDN调度策略,保证了用户体验。
附图说明
图1为采用优化式结构的CDN透明传输方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作更进一步的说明。
参见图1,本发明的一种采用优化式结构的CDN透明传输方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)编码器将视频源内容编码为多个码率的视频文件,并将多个码率的视频文件传送至切片服务器;
(2)切片服务器将每个码率的视频文件都切片为时间相同的多个小文件,同时生成与小文件对应的索引文件,并将小文件和索引文件都注入到CDN上级节点;
(3)CDN内部将小文件和索引文件推送到CDN下级节点;
(4)CDN下级节点收到CDN上级节点推送的索引文件和小文件后,CDN下级节点对索引文件进行更新,将索引文件中的视频片段URL地址替换为CDN下级节点的地址;
(5)客户端向SLB请求获取索引文件;
(6)SLB根据用户IP地址、节点负载、网络流量等综合信息将用户重定向到合适的CDN下级节点;
(7)客户端通过索引文件内更新后的视频片段的URL地址直接向合适的CDN下级节点请求各个视频片段。
以上所述的CDN下级节点为经过升级后的CDN下级节点,该经过升级后的CDN下级节点在收到CDN上级节点推送的索引文件和视频文件时,对索引文件进行更新,将索引文件中所有视频片段的URL地址替换为CDN下级节点的地址,从而让客户端请求每个视频片段时都绕过SLB直接向CDN下级节点请求服务。
传统的CDN透明传输方法中采用的CDN下级节点是未经升级的CDN下级节点,传统的CDN透明传输方法包括以下步骤:
(1)编码器将视频源内容编码为多个码率的视频文件;
(2)切片服务器将每个码率的视频文件都切片为时间相同的多个小文件,同时生成与小文件对应的索引文件,并将小文件和索引文件都注入到CDN上级节点;
(3)CDN内部将小文件和索引文件分发到未升级的CDN下级节点;
(4)客户端通过网页上的URL地址请求索引文件;
(5)SLB根据用户IP地址、节点负载、网络流量等综合信息将用户重新定向到合适的未升级的CDN下级节点,索取索引文件;
(6)客户端根据索引文件中的切片信息,请求第一个视频片段;
(7)SLB再根据用户综合信息将用户重定向到合适的CDN下级节点获取第一个视频片段;
(8)客户端重复上述过程,请求后续的视频片段。
在本发明实施例中,对一个60min的视频,如果采用传统的CDN透明传输方法,编码器编码生成了4个码率的视频文件,每个文件以10s为单位切割成小文件,一共生成了4*60*60/10=1440个小文件,当用户观看此视频时,每10s向SLB发起一次请求,观看完整个节目需要发起1000多次请求,这样使得SLB负载过重,直接影响到CDN决策效率。而采用采用优化式结构的CDN透明传输方法后,当用户观看此视频时,无需向SLB发起请求,直接向升级后的CDN节点请求各个视频的内容即可观看视频。
优选的,当在以自适应流媒体内容为主的CDN中,采用所述优化式结构的CDN透明传输方法,当自适应流媒体内容较少时,采用传统的CDN透明传输方法,优先保证系统稳定性。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出:对于本技术领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种采用优化式结构的CDN透明传输方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)编码器将视频源内容编码为多个码率的视频文件,并将多个码率的视频文件传送至切片服务器;
(2)切片服务器将每个码率的视频文件都切片为时间相同的多个小文件,同时生成与小文件对应的索引文件,并将小文件和索引文件都注入到CDN上级节点;
(3)CDN内部将小文件和索引文件推送到CDN下级节点;
(4)CDN下级节点收到CDN上级节点推送的索引文件和小文件后,CDN下级节点对索引文件进行更新,将索引文件中的视频片段URL地址替换为CDN下级节点的地址;
(5)客户端向SLB请求获取索引文件;
(6)SLB根据用户IP地址、节点负载、网络流量等综合信息将用户重定向到合适的CDN下级节点;
(7)客户端通过索引文件内更新后的视频片段的URL地址直接向合适的CDN下级节点请求各个视频片段。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用优化式结构的CDN透明传输方法,其特征在于:所述CDN下级节点是经过升级后的CDN下级节点。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种采用优化式结构的CDN透明传输方法,其特征在于:当在以自适应流媒体内容为主的CDN中,采用所述优化式结构的CDN透明传输方法,当自适应流媒体内容较少时,采用传统的CDN透明传输方法。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种采用优化式结构的CDN透明传输方法,其特征在于:所述传统的CDN透明传输方法包括以下步骤:
(1)编码器将视频源内容编码为多个码率的视频文件;
(2)切片服务器将每个码率的视频文件都切片为时间相同的多个小文件,同时生成与小文件对应的索引文件,并将小文件和索引文件都注入到CDN上级节点;
(3)CDN内部将小文件和索引文件分发到未升级的CDN下级节点;
(4)客户端通过网页上的URL地址请求索引文件;
(5)SLB根据用户IP地址、节点负载、网络流量等综合信息将用户重新定向到合适的未升级的CDN下级节点,索取索引文件;
(6)客户端根据索引文件中的切片信息,请求第一个视频片段;
(7)SLB再根据用户综合信息将用户重定向到合适的CDN下级节点获取第一个视频片段;
(8)客户端重复上述过程,请求后续的视频片段。
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