CN104283393B - Method for optimizing structure parameter of single-winding magnetic suspension switch reluctance machine - Google Patents

Method for optimizing structure parameter of single-winding magnetic suspension switch reluctance machine Download PDF

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CN104283393B
CN104283393B CN201410499891.XA CN201410499891A CN104283393B CN 104283393 B CN104283393 B CN 104283393B CN 201410499891 A CN201410499891 A CN 201410499891A CN 104283393 B CN104283393 B CN 104283393B
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朱志莹
孙玉坤
胡文宏
卢冰洋
王锴
李峤
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Nanjing Institute of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for optimizing the structure parameter of a single-winding magnetic suspension switch reluctance machine, and belongs to the technical field of magnetic suspension switch reluctance machines. The method comprises the steps that the initial structure parameter of the single-winding magnetic suspension switch reluctance machine is calculated; finite element simulation is conducted on a motor model, the structure parameter to be optimized is selected, and a sample data set is determined; an extreme learning machine algorithm is used for training the sample data set to establish the motor model; the parameter to be optimized is used as an optimized object, and suspension force and torque are used as an optimizing object for conducting parameter optimizing on the motor model. According to the method, an extreme learning machine of a single implicit strata feedforward neural network is used for conducting model identification, iteration is of no need, the motor model can be quickly trained in a high-precision mode, and the parameter design that collaboration of the suspension force and the torque is optimum is achieved by a multi-objective optimizing algorithm.

Description

A kind of optimization method of simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor structural parameters
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of optimization method of simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor structural parameters, belong to magnetic suspension The technical field of switched reluctance machines.
Background technology
Start to develop from 20 end of the centurys, magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor receives the extensive concern of research worker, period, grinds Study carefully most be double-winding structure magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor, its structure is similar with switched reluctance machines, difference be by Radial force winding is made to be not take up independent for producing the winding of radial force lap wound together with torque winding in same stator poles Axial space.Due to this kind of motor have the advantages that unlubricated, no abrasion, the operating of high-power and ultrahigh speed can be realized, very It is applied to the fields such as Aero-Space, high-speed machine tool, flywheel energy storage.However, in the magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor of double-winding structure Main winding is with the strong coupling of suspending windings so that motor is increasingly complex in terms of mathematical modeling, control algolithm;Extra suspension Winding increases the difficulty of motor construction;It is electric with match that the increase of suspending windings leads to extra power amplifier Subsystem, increased design on control circuit complexity.For the disadvantages mentioned above of double-winding structure magnetic suspension motor, American National is navigated Empty space agency, Dresden, Germany polytechnical university and Qing Xing university of Korea S have carried out simplex winding magnetic levitation switch magnetic resistance electricity in succession The research of machine.Simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor structure is basically identical with switched reluctance machines, main difference is that, opens Close multiple stator poles coil series winding excitations in reluctance motor, and any one in simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor is fixed The coil that son is extremely gone up is all independent actuation, to reach the purpose that rotor suspends, rotates.
For the Optimal Structure Designing of magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor, the method being suggested has:Using theory analysis The method for designing combining with finite element simulation is optimized design to magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor structure, but because parameter is excellent Change needs are substantial amounts of to call computation model to obtain its output, so computational efficiency is low;Other method is:Using support vector machine Learning algorithm training set up magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor model, for this motor model recycle genetic algorithm with a certain electricity Machine runnability carries out optimizing as optimization aim, this method solves the low problem of the former computational efficiency, but calculates in no intelligence In the case that method is optimized to support vector machine parameter, support vector machine training set up motor model precision general, it is hard to Meet actual demand.In addition, genetic algorithm as a kind of single object optimization algorithm, can only realize the single of suspending power or torque Maximize, the unavoidable effect of both single optimization weakens mutually.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is the deficiency for above-mentioned background technology, there is provided a kind of simplex winding magnetcisuspension The optimization method of floation switch reluctance motor structural parameters.Carry out the number of model with the extreme learning machine of Single hidden layer feedforward neural networks According to training, realize multi-objective optimization using non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that for achieving the above object:
A kind of optimization method of simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor structural parameters, comprises the steps:
Step 1, calculates the initial structure parameter of simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor, and initial structure parameter includes:Turn Sub- external diameter initial value Da0, rotor internal diameter initial value Di0, iron core physical length initial value la0, stator outer diameter initial value Ds0, air gap long Degree initial value g0, stator polar arc initial value βs0, rotor pole arc initial value βr0, stator yoke thickness initial value hcs0, rotor yoke thickness initial value hcr0
Step 2, carries out finite element simulation to motor model, chooses structural parameters to be optimized, determines sample data set;
Step 3, builds motor model using extreme learning machine Algorithm for Training sample data set,
Described extreme learning machine algorithm:Number of training is less than as principle with node in hidden layer, with fixed step size search Mode determines node in hidden layer, selects Sigmoid or RBF as excitation function, with parameter to be optimized as extreme learning machine Input data, the output data with suspending power corresponding with parameter values to be optimized and torque as extreme learning machine start instruct Practice sample data set;
Step 4, with parameter to be optimized as optimization object, is joined to motor model with suspending power, torque for optimization aim Number optimizes.
Further, step 2 carries out finite element simulation as follows:
Step 2-1, sets up having of simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor with the calculated initial structure parameter of step 1 Limit meta-model, obtains torque current component i to FEM (finite element) model emulationm:Set up in Ansoft finite element with initial structure parameter Simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor model in software, turns in turn in three-phase and applies rated voltage UNIn the case of, Emulation obtains current effective value only during turning on for the phase winding, remains to the follow-up simplex winding magnetic levitation switch magnetic resistance set up Motor FEM (finite element) model enters row energization, and current effective value only during turning on for the phase winding is torque current component im
Step 2-2, sets up switched reluctance machines model with initial structure parameter in the Rmxprt module of Ansoft, record The rotor quality m that lower software is calculated automatically fromr, with rotor quality mrTo simplex winding magnetic levitation switch in Matlab/Simulink In the suspension system of reluctance motor, rotor quality is configured, and is succeeded by the emulation of this suspension system afterwards and realizes rotor suspension Radial suspension force numerical intervals F, in Ansoft, simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor is set up with initial structure parameter Model, emulates, according to radial suspension force numerical intervals F, the levitating current component i obtaining substantially、iNumerical value;
Step 2-3, in iron core physical length la, stator outer diameter DsIn the case of constant, apply to the winding in FEM (finite element) model Plus exciting current, exciting current includes torque current component imWith levitating current component i、i, change rotor diameter D respectivelya、 Rotor internal diameter Di, gas length g, stator polar arc βs, rotor pole arc βr, stator yoke thickness hcs, rotor yoke thickness hcrValue emulation point The rule that analysis obtains suspending power, torque changes with remaining structural parameters, chooses the structural parameters different on suspending power, torque impact As parameter x to be optimized1,x2,…xi,…,xn, i≤n, n=1 ..., 7, xiFor rotor diameter, rotor internal diameter, gas length, determine Any one structural parameters in sub- polar arc, rotor pole arc, stator yoke thickness, rotor yoke thickness, suspending power, torque are same with structural parameters For monotone increasing or be all monotone decreasing structural parameters do not need optimize, suspending power monotone increasing (or monotone decreasing) therewith should be chosen And the structural parameters of torque monotone decreasing (or monotone increasing) therewith are as parameter to be optimized;
Step 2-4, by different parameter values to be optimized and its corresponding suspending power Fs, torque T assemble sample data set (x1,x2,…,xn,Fs, T), using this training dataset as the sample data set of extreme learning machine.
Further, step 4 carries out multi-objective optimization using non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm to motor model.
As the further prioritization scheme of the optimization method of simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor structural parameters, according to biography System switched reluctance machines structural parameters computational methods are calculated simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor structural parameters, in order to enter One step explanation Conventional switched reluctance electric machine structure calculation method of parameters, structural parameters are defined as follows:
Application scenario is designed according to simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor and determines rated power, rated speed, efficiency, according to According to each variable experience span obtain magnetic loading, electric load, winding current coefficient, square wave current coefficient, coefficient 1, coefficient 2, Coefficient 3, coefficient 4, coefficient 5, the concrete numerical value of gas length, step 1 is according to formula (1):
Determine structural parameters initial value, kiFor winding current coefficient, kmFor square wave current coefficient, PNFor rated power, nNFor Rated speed, η is efficiency, BδFor magnetic loading, A is electric load, bpsFor stator pole-core width, bprFor rotor pole-core width, λ1、 λ2、λ3、λ4、λ5For coefficient, λ1=0.5~3.0, λ2=0.5~0.55, λ3=0.4~0.5, λ4=1.2~1.4, λ5=1.2~ 1.4, km≈ 0.8, ki≈ 0.5, Bδ=0.3~0.6, A=15000~50000,
For meeting the requirement of simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor self-startup ability, rotor pole arc βr, stator polar arc βsTake Value must is fulfilled for formula (2):
NrFor rotor tooth pole number, m is the electric current number of phases,
So far, just obtain each structural parameters of specific simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor, and each structural parameters are designated as: Rotor diameter initial value Da0, rotor internal diameter initial value Di0, iron core physical length initial value la0, stator outer diameter initial value Ds0, air gap Length initial value g0, stator polar arc initial value βs0, rotor pole arc initial value βr0, stator yoke thickness initial value hcs0, rotor yoke thick initial Value hcr0, wherein, Dsi0=Da0+2g0, each structural parameters composition initial structure parameter.
The present invention adopts technique scheme, has the advantages that:
(1) carry out the data training of model with the extreme learning machine of Single hidden layer feedforward neural networks, without iteration;
(2) achieve suspending power, optimum parameter designing is worked in coordination with torque.
Brief description
Fig. 1 shows simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor Optimal Structure Designing idiographic flow proposed by the invention.
Fig. 2 (a), Fig. 2 (b), Fig. 2 (c), Fig. 2 (d), Fig. 2 (e), Fig. 2 (f) are stator and rotor pole centrage overlapping positions, turn Son without acceptance of persons in the case of suspending power and each parameters relationship curve chart.
Fig. 3 (a), Fig. 3 (b), Fig. 3 (c), Fig. 3 (d), Fig. 3 (e), Fig. 3 (f) are that average torque is bent with the relation of each parameter Line.
Fig. 4 (a), Fig. 4 (b), Fig. 4 (c) are respectively and optimize front motor sectional view, the sectional view of optimization motor 1, optimize motor 2 sectional view.
Fig. 5 shows the motor output suspending power contrast before and after optimization.
Before and after Fig. 6 is shown that to optimize, motor output torque contrasts.
Specific embodiment
With reference to Fig. 2 to Fig. 6 to idiographic flow shown in Fig. 1 technical scheme be described in detail.
1. when motor pre-determined characteristicss parameter is:Rated power PN=1.1kW, rated speed nN=2000r/min, specified electricity Pressure UN=220V, rated efficiency η=0.8, according to SRM (Switched Reluctance Motor, switched reluctance machines) structure Parameter Traditional calculating methods can obtain 12/8 structure SWBSRM (Single Winding Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor, simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor) structural parameters initial value be:Rotor diameter Ds=137mm, Rotor diameter Da=70mm, rotor internal diameter Di=31.5mm, stator yoke thickness hcs=10mm, rotor yoke thickness hcr=10mm, air gap are long Degree g=0.3mm, stator polar arc βs=15 °, rotor pole arc βr=15 °, iron core physical length la=70mm, every pole stator winding N =85 circles.
2. method described above determines torque current component im=4.7A, because two suspension force component principle under vertical coordinate system Unanimously, so, herein only arrange x coordinate direction of principal axis levitating current component isx=1.88A.
3. with im=4.7A, isx=1.88A, isyMotor energization in=0A setting finite element simulation, analyzes each structural parameters During change, the Changing Pattern of gained suspending power and torque increase with the parameters, specially:
(1) suspending power is with rotor internal diameter Di, rotor diameter Da, stator yoke thickness hcs, rotor yoke thickness hcrIncrease and monotone increasing Plus;Suspending power increases and dull reduction with gas length g;In addition, stator polar arc βsIncrease, suspending power first increases and tends to steady afterwards Fixed, and suspending power is with rotor pole arc βrChanging Pattern and βsUnanimously, wherein, stator and rotor pole centrage overlapping positions, rotor be no Suspending power in the case of bias and each parameters relationship curve such as Fig. 2 (a), Fig. 2 (b), Fig. 2 (c), Fig. 2 (d), Fig. 2 (e), Fig. 2 (f) Shown;
(2) torque is with rotor diameter Da, stator yoke thickness hcsIncrease and monotone increasing;Torque is with rotor internal diameter Di, rotor yoke Thick hcr, gas length g increase and reduce;Torque is with stator polar arc βs, rotor pole arc βrIncrease, variation tendency is first to increase to subtract afterwards Little, wherein, relation curve such as Fig. 3 (a) of average torque and each parameter, Fig. 3 (b), Fig. 3 (c), Fig. 3 (d), Fig. 3 (e), Fig. 3 (f) Shown;
Final choice rotor internal diameter Di, rotor yoke thickness hcr, stator polar arc βs, rotor pole arc βrFor optimization object.
4. finite element simulation, changes internal diameter Di, rotor yoke thickness hcr, stator polar arc βs, rotor pole arc βr, it is output as (Fs, T), synthesis obtains sample data (Di,hcrsr,Fs,T).
5. using ELM (Extrem Learning Machine, extreme learning machine), above-mentioned sample data is trained To motor model, this mode input is (Di,hcrsr), it is output as (Fs,T).
6. (Non dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm, non-dominated ranking heredity is calculated to utilize NSGA Method) optimizing optimized after simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor because optimizing the optimal result that obtains is that a set is (many Objective optimization gained " optimal solution " is " Generalized optimal ", because being likely to conflicting between each optimization aim, obtain " optimal solution " often set), wherein concrete 2 are:
(1) optimize motor 1:Rotor diameter Ds=137mm, rotor diameter Da=70mm, rotor internal diameter Di=31.5mm, fixed Sub- yoke thickness hcs=10mm, rotor yoke thickness hcr=12mm, gas length g=0.3mm, stator polar arc βs=23.42 °, rotor pole arc βr=20.53 °, iron core physical length la=70mm, every pole stator winding N=85 circle;
(2) optimize motor 2:Rotor diameter Ds=137mm, rotor diameter Da=70mm, rotor internal diameter Di=40mm, stator Yoke thickness hcs=10mm, rotor yoke thickness hcr=11.329mm, gas length g=0.3mm, stator polar arc βs=23.287 °, rotor pole Arc βr=20.14 °, iron core physical length la=70mm, every pole stator winding N=85 circle.
7. Fig. 4 (a), Fig. 4 (b), Fig. 4 (c) show motor sectional view before and after optimization, before and after Fig. 5, Fig. 6 show optimization Suspending power, torque with rotor angle change curve, contrast understand,
8. show suspending power before and after optimization, torque with rotor angle change curve, contrast understands, optimizes motor 1 Curve is essentially coincided with the curve optimizing motor 2, optimizes motor 1,2 compared to original motor in the range of the complete period, that is, all At rotor position angle, (- 22.5 °~22.5 °) suspending power all increased about 200N, and it is radially outstanding that this greatly enhances motor Floating stability, in other words, inputs under same suspending power, reducing required electric current in motor resuspension procedure, because And the radial suspension reducing motor runs power consumption;Meanwhile, rotor position angle (- 22.5 °~-13.5 °) with (13.5~ 22.5) in the range of, optimizing motor 1,2 about increases 2N m than the output torque of original motor, and this shows that optimizing motor is adapted to more Big load torque, and torque pulsation has obtained very big improvement compared to original motor, this motor speed after making to optimize is more Steadily, reduce the restriction to motor application for the big torque pulsation to a certain extent.Therefore, by the enforcement of this optimization method, greatly Enhance greatly motor radial suspension force and output torque, improve motor radial suspension performance and reduce operation power consumption and torque Pulsation.
Above-described embodiment is only 12/8 structure simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor parameter optimization, remaining structure simplex winding The parameter of magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor all can be optimized design using technical scheme.
In sum, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) carry out the data training of model with the extreme learning machine of Single hidden layer feedforward neural networks, without iteration, can be fast Speed, accurately motor model is trained;
(2) algorithm must be had to achieve suspending power, turn and refuse simultaneously optimum parameter designing using multiple target.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of optimization method of simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor structural parameters is it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
Step 1, calculates the initial structure parameter of simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor, and initial structure parameter includes:Outside rotor Footpath initial value Da0, rotor internal diameter initial value Di0, iron core physical length initial value la0, stator outer diameter initial value Ds0, at the beginning of gas length Initial value g0, stator polar arc initial value βs0, rotor pole arc initial value βr0, stator yoke thickness initial value hcs0, rotor yoke thickness initial value hcr0
Step 2, carries out finite element simulation to motor model, chooses structural parameters to be optimized, determines sample data set;
Step 3, builds motor model using extreme learning machine Algorithm for Training sample data set,
Described extreme learning machine algorithm:Number of training is less than as principle with node in hidden layer, in the way of fixed step size search Determine node in hidden layer, select Sigmoid or RBF as excitation function, defeated with parameter to be optimized as extreme learning machine Enter data, the output data with suspending power corresponding with parameter values to be optimized and torque as extreme learning machine starts to train sample Notebook data collection;
Step 4, with parameter to be optimized as optimization object, with suspending power, that torque enters line parameter for optimization aim to motor model is excellent Change.
2. the optimization method of simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor structural parameters according to claim 1, its feature exists In step 2 carries out finite element simulation as follows:
Step 2-1, sets up the finite element of simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor with the calculated initial structure parameter of step 1 Model, obtains torque current component i to FEM (finite element) model emulationm
Step 2-2, obtains suspending power numerical intervals F with the rotor quality emulation in FEM (finite element) model, then by suspending power numerical value area Between F emulation obtain levitating current component i、i
Step 2-3, in the case that iron core physical length, stator outer diameter are constant, applies excitation to the winding in FEM (finite element) model Electric current, exciting current includes torque current component imWith levitating current component i、i, simulation analysis obtain suspending power, torque with The rule of remaining structural parameters change, chooses the structural parameters different on suspending power, torque impact as parameter x to be optimized1, x2,…xi,…,xn, i<N, n=1 ..., 7, xiFor rotor diameter, rotor internal diameter, gas length, stator polar arc, rotor pole arc, Any one structural parameters in stator yoke thickness, rotor yoke thickness;
Step 2-4, by different parameter values to be optimized and its corresponding suspending power Fs, torque T assemble sample data set (x1, x2,…,xn,Fs,T).
3. the optimization method of simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor structural parameters according to claim 1 and 2, its feature It is, step 4 carries out multi-objective optimization using non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm to motor model.
4. the optimization method of simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor structural parameters according to claim 3, its feature exists In step 1 is according to formula:
D a = 6.1 1.05 &lambda; 1 B &delta; A k i k m P N ( 1 + &eta; ) / 2 &eta; n N 3 l a = &lambda; 1 D a D s = D a / &lambda; 2 D i = &lambda; 3 D a D s i = D a + 2 g b p s = D s i sin &beta; s 2 b p r = D a sin &beta; r 2 h c r = &lambda; 4 b p r 2 h c s = &lambda; 5 b p s 2
Determine structural parameters initial value, kiFor winding current coefficient, kmFor square wave current coefficient, PNFor rated power, nNFor specified Rotating speed, η is efficiency, BδFor magnetic loading, A is electric load, bpsFor stator pole-core width, bprFor rotor pole-core width, λ1、λ2、λ3、 λ4、λ5For coefficient,
For meeting the requirement of simplex winding magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor self-startup ability, rotor pole arc βr, stator polar arc βsValue must Must meet:
NrFor rotor tooth pole number, m is the electric current number of phases.
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