CN104281701B - Multiscale Distributed Spatial data query method and system - Google Patents

Multiscale Distributed Spatial data query method and system Download PDF

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CN104281701B
CN104281701B CN201410559530.XA CN201410559530A CN104281701B CN 104281701 B CN104281701 B CN 104281701B CN 201410559530 A CN201410559530 A CN 201410559530A CN 104281701 B CN104281701 B CN 104281701B
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CN104281701A (en
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郝星耀
潘瑜春
高秉博
周艳兵
郜允兵
单东方
李淑华
刘玉
唐秀美
任艳敏
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Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture
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    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
    • G06F16/955—Retrieval from the web using information identifiers, e.g. uniform resource locators [URL]
    • G06F16/9566—URL specific, e.g. using aliases, detecting broken or misspelled links
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/22—Indexing; Data structures therefor; Storage structures
    • G06F16/2228—Indexing structures
    • G06F16/2246—Trees, e.g. B+trees
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/22—Indexing; Data structures therefor; Storage structures
    • G06F16/2228—Indexing structures
    • G06F16/2264—Multidimensional index structures
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    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/24—Querying
    • G06F16/245—Query processing
    • G06F16/2453—Query optimisation
    • G06F16/24534—Query rewriting; Transformation
    • G06F16/24537—Query rewriting; Transformation of operators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/27—Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database system; Distributed database system architectures therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/29—Geographical information databases

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Abstract

The invention provides a kind of Multiscale Distributed Spatial data query method and system, the Multiscale Distributed Spatial data query method includes：S1：Inquiry request information is obtained, the inquiry request information comprises at least the target area of target data；S2：According to the inquiry request information the first order index in determine the target data corresponding to index level, the first order index in, engineer's scale corresponding to different index layer differs；S3：The target data service of the target data is searched in the index level according to corresponding to the target area of the target data in the target data；S4：Obtain the second level index of the corresponding target data service；S5：Inquiry obtains the network access address of the target data in being indexed according to the target area of the target data in the second level.The present invention can realize the spatial entity of quick-searching mass data.

Description

Multiscale Distributed Spatial data query method and system
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer realm, more particularly to a kind of Multiscale Distributed Spatial data query method and system.
Background technology
With the development of Spatial Information Technology theory and technology, its application in numerous industries is more and more deep, to sky Between data dependence also more and more higher, space data quantity, which rapidly increases, causes spatial data management and access efficiency is low.
In the GIS applications of large scale scope, spatial data usually needs to use distributed storage：One side different levels User is different to the demand of data area, content and operation, centrally stored largely to cause high performance storage and meter The waste of resource is calculated, the spatial data of another aspect magnanimity concentrates storage to the requirement of hardware device, network environment and managerial skills It is very high.Different levels user is different, such as level land administration department of counties and townships to the space of data and the yardstick demand of attribute Specific figure spot is managed, to check 1:The figure spot figure and its detailed attributes of 10000 even more high engineer's scales, and provincial management department Door is general only to be needed to check the statistics by the small scale figure spot figure of Map Generalization and using counties and townships as unit, but is worked as and looked into Then it is also required to check large-scale figure spot and its detailed attributes when asking scope very little, therefore good at managing in operation system runs The Multilevel Spatial Data that a large amount of contents are related but engineer's scale is different.How the multistage ratio of this distributed storage has been organized The massive spatial data of chi simultaneously builds efficient index, is to solve distributed massive spatial data efficient retrieval and visual one Individual key technical problems.
Spatial data index is established on the same layer spatial data of individual data memory node, can effectively improve this Sheaf space data search efficiency.Spatial index closes according to certain space between the location and shape or spatial object of spatial object It is a kind of data structure arranged in sequence, between spatial operation algorithm and spatial object, it is to pass through screening Spatial object largely unrelated with particular space operation is excluded, so as to improve the speed of spatial operation and efficiency.Conventional space Indexing means include B-tree, K-D trees, quaternary tree, R trees and its mutation and Grid Index etc., however, B-tree, K-D trees, quaternary tree, R The conventional space index method such as tree and its mutation and Grid Index mainly solves data memory node inner space data directory Problem, the index being not used between Multiscale Distributed GML data storage node, in single memory node, if there is same The spatial data of one theme multi-scale, spatial object degree of overlapping is high, and conventional spatial index efficiency can be caused to decline, safeguard and be stranded Difficulty, in addition, conventional spatial index is directly related with the physical store of spatial entity, deposited for single in distributed environment , it is necessary to externally provide the access interface based on network URL, conventional spatial index can not also meet directly to arrive network URL storage node Retrieval result demand.
, will be distributed for the mode of the tissue of distributed space data, at present main generally use Metadata registry Spatial data is issued in the form of standards service, and is registered on meta data server, and for user in retrieval, first inquiry is first Data server, corresponding data, services resource is found by meta data match, then pass through corresponding spatial data services interface Search correlation space object, Metadata registry scheme can effective Tissue distribution spatial data, but its data search efficiency It is very low, it usually needs object space data, services are determined after being traveled through to meta data server, are then taken in spatial data Object space data object is searched in business, and when meta data server is distributed in different networks, recall precision can enter one Step reduces.
The content of the invention
(1) technical problems to be solved
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of Multiscale Distributed Spatial data query method and system, energy Enough realize the spatial entity of quick-searching mass data.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical scheme provides a kind of Multiscale Distributed Spatial data query Method, including：
S1：Inquiry request information is obtained, the inquiry request information comprises at least the target area of target data；
S2：According to the inquiry request information the first order index in determine the target data corresponding to index level, In the first order index, engineer's scale corresponding to different index layer differs；
S3：The target is searched in the index level according to corresponding to the target area of the target data in the target data The target data service of data；
S4：Obtain the second level index of the corresponding target data service；
S5：Inquiry obtains the target data in being indexed according to the target area of the target data in the second level Network access address.
Further, step S1 includes：
Obtain the query context of user's input；
Target area using the minimum enclosed rectangle of the query context as the target data.
Further, step S2 includes：
The length of side using the maximum in the length of the target area and width as retrieval grid, the retrieval grid are pros Shape；
Index level and the retrieval lattice during according to the order of corresponding grid area from small to large, the first order is indexed Net carries out size comparison, will be described current if the grid area of current index level is more than or equal to the area of the retrieval grid Index level is as index level corresponding to the target data.
Further, also include after step S5：
The network access address is directly returned to user according to list mode.
Further, also include after step S5：
The target data is read according to the network access address and is shown the target data.
In order to solve the above technical problems, present invention also offers a kind of Multiscale Distributed Spatial Data Querying System, bag Include inquiry request receiving module and data inquiry module；
The inquiry request receiving module, for obtaining inquiry request information, the inquiry request information comprises at least mesh Mark the target area of data；
The data inquiry module includes the first inquiry submodule, the second inquiry submodule, acquisition submodule and the 3rd and looked into Ask submodule；
The first inquiry submodule, for determining the target in first order index according to the inquiry request information Index level corresponding to data, in first order index, engineer's scale corresponding to different index layer differs；
The second inquiry submodule, for the target area according to the target data corresponding to the target data The target data service of the target data is searched in index level；
The acquisition submodule, for obtaining the second level index of the corresponding target data service；
The 3rd inquiry submodule, is looked into being indexed for the target area according to the target data in the second level Inquiry obtains the network access address of the target data.
Further, the inquiry request receiving module includes：
Receiving submodule, for obtaining the query context of user's input；
Calculating sub module, for the target area using the minimum enclosed rectangle of the query context as the target data Domain.
Further, the first inquiry submodule includes：
Grid acquiring unit is retrieved, for the side using the maximum in the length of the target area and width as retrieval grid Long, the retrieval grid is square；
Comparing unit, for the index level during the first order is indexed according to the order of corresponding grid area from small to large Size comparison is carried out with the retrieval grid, if the grid area of current index level is more than or equal to the face of the retrieval grid Product, using the current index level as index level corresponding to the target data.
Further, in addition to：
First result output module, for the network access address to be directly returned into user according to list mode.
Further, in addition to：
Second result output module, for reading the target data and by the target according to the network access address Data are shown.
(3) beneficial effect
The present invention is provided the retrieval result for directly arriving spatial entity for data retrieval request, led to by secondary index Cross the caching and index to distributed data, services, and the foundation of data, services URL index structure, it is possible to achieve quick The spatial entity of mass data is retrieved, further, since secondary index is cached to the space number preserved for one-level index According to retrieval server, therefore retrieving is all carried out on spatial data retrieval server, ensure that the speed of retrieval and steady It is qualitative, only just need to access other distribution data servers when accessing real space data object according to indexed results.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart for Multiscale Distributed Spatial data query method that embodiment of the present invention provides；
Fig. 2 is a kind of signal for Multiscale Distributed spatial data level indexing structure that embodiment of the present invention provides Figure；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart for another Multiscale Distributed Spatial data query method that embodiment of the present invention provides.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Implement below Example is used to illustrate the present invention, but is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart for Multiscale Distributed Spatial data query method that embodiment of the present invention provides, and is wrapped Include：
S1：Inquiry request information is obtained, the inquiry request information comprises at least the target area of target data；
S2：According to the inquiry request information the first order index in determine the target data corresponding to index level, In the first order index, engineer's scale corresponding to different index layer differs；
S3：The target is searched in the index level according to corresponding to the target area of the target data in the target data The target data service of data；
S4：Obtain the second level index of the corresponding target data service；
S5：Inquiry obtains the target data in being indexed according to the target area of the target data in the second level Network access address.
Wherein, step S1 includes：Obtain the query context of user's input；The minimum enclosed rectangle of the query context is made For the target area of the target data.Specifically, in the present invention, inquiry request information comprises at least the target of target data Region, target area are a rectangles, if the query context of user's input is one for drawing or selecting by program interface Rectangle, polygon or line, then it can calculate its minimum extraneous rectangle (MBR) and be used as target area (Envelope), if user The query context of input is a point (clicks on and inquired about in program interface), can be centered on the point, 3 pictures on interface Element is the square of width as target area.In addition, inquiry request information can also include engineer's scale parameter, engineer's scale ginseng Number can input to obtain by user, can if the information of user's input only includes query context (i.e. engineer's scale parameter is vacancy) To determine the engineer's scale parameter of target data according to query context.
Specifically, the present invention can be inquired about by using level indexing structure as shown in Figure 2, wherein, second level rope Draw and be built upon on a data, services, the borders of the data, services can be used as a spatial data object together with its second Level index can be buffered to spatial data retrieval server；First order index is directed to be buffered in spatial data retrieval service Spatial data object on device, each spatial data object are corresponding with a Distributed spatial data service.Below to distribution The level indexing structure and feature of formula multi-scale modeling illustrate.
The structure and feature of second level index are as follows：
(11) each second level index is built upon on a data, services, a data in GML data storage node The corresponding data, services of collection, data, services are provided using rest methods of service and the URL of spatial entity in data set are visited Ask, current main-stream GIS service software can meet the data publication demand；
(12) spatial index is created to data set using conventional multi-level grid spatio index or R trees indexed mode, indexes the middle period Index address corresponding to node is the access URL of spatial entity；
(13) second level index is protected as the additional information of the data, services in spatial data retrieval server Deposit.
The structure and feature of first order index are as follows：
(21) object of first order index organization is data, services, and spatial data retrieval server travels through all available numbers According to service, border, engineer's scale and the secondary index information of data, services corresponding data collection are extracted, is believed by figure of boundary polygon Breath, spatial entity is established using its engineer's scale and second level index information as attribute information, and by whole spatial entities It is saved in a spatial data layer；
(22) boundary definition of above-mentioned data, services includes two ways：If the data set and clear and definite data be present and adopt Collect scope (such as a county or city), be then used as external boundary by the use of the range boundary；If without clear and definite data acquisition range, The minimum convex polygon that surrounds of whole objects is used as border using in the data set；
(23) engineer's scale of data, services is the collection engineer's scale of initial data, usually defined in national principal scale Middle-large scale, i.e., 1:1000000,1:500000,1:250000,1:100000,1:50000,1:2.5 ten thousand, 1:10000,1:5000、1: 2000、1:1000、1:500；
(24) second level index information refers to the complete index file of spatial entity in Map Services；
(25) first order index is carried out using conventional multilevel splitting indexed mode to the spatial data layer established in (21) Index, the division of the rank of index level proportionally chi, i.e., just divide several index levels, no in the presence of the data of what engineer's scale Differed with engineer's scale corresponding to index level；
(26) spatial entity in spatial data layer is built-in in the index level of corresponding level according to its engineer's scale attribute Lithol draws, that is, records the spatial entity included in each grid, can ignore for the index level in the absence of object；
(27) division of grid is indexed since the bottom of maximum ratio chi, and its grid size computational methods is spatial data Average wide 3 times with the average of mean height of the minimum enclosed rectangle of the spatial entity of maximum ratio chi in layer；
(28) maximum ratio chi S is set0The grid size of index level is G0, calculate the index level grid size G that engineer's scale is S Formula be：G=S0*G0/S。
The present invention uses level indexing structure：First order index navigates to spatial data services；Second level index points to mesh Mark the service access path of spatial data object.In first order index, it is by the space of each data, services and feature abstraction One spatial object is stored, the retrieval object in being indexed as one-level, is a number corresponding to the leaf node of one-level index According to the index of service, proportionally chi is layered first order index, the spatial entity of corresponding different scale data source Be put on different index layer and establish index, what second level index leaf node pointer pointed to is not physical storage address but one Obtain the URL of the object complete information.
Wherein, in Multiscale Distributed Spatial data query method, step S2 includes：
The length of side using the maximum in the length of the target area and width as retrieval grid, the retrieval grid are pros Shape；
Index level and the retrieval lattice during according to the order of corresponding grid area from small to large, the first order is indexed Net carries out size comparison, will be described current if the grid area of current index level is more than or equal to the area of the retrieval grid Index level is as index level corresponding to the target data.
Preferably, also include after step S5：
The network access address is directly returned to user according to list mode.
Preferably, also include after step S5：
The target data is read according to the network access address and is shown the target data.
Specifically, referring to Fig. 3, on the basis of above-mentioned level indexing structure, it, which performs the flow of inquiry, includes, first, The information inputted according to user determines the retrieval layer (i.e. index level corresponding to target data) in first order index, specifically, If the engineer's scale parameter in the information of user's input is not sky, directly layer is retrieved according to corresponding to determining input engineer's scale； If the engineer's scale parameter of input is sky, retrieval layer is determined according to following method：The query context inputted according to user determines Target area, the wide and high maximum of target area is taken to retrieve grid (SearchGrid) length of side the most；From first order rope The bottom index level (grid is minimum, and ratio data chi is maximum) drawn successively contrasts grid size upwards, if current index level lattice Net is more than or equal to retrieval grid (SearchGrid), then uses retrieval layer of the current index level as target data；According to determination Index level and target area target data service is searched in first order index, specific lookup method and conventional Grid Index Retrieval mode is identical；Then, the target data service obtained in previous step preserves in spatial data retrieval server two are traveled through Level index file, spatial entity is searched using range of search Envelope to each index file, search mode with it is general The retrieval mode of Grid Index or R trees index is identical；Finally obtaining the network access address of all object space data objects Afterwards, these reference address can be directly returned to user according to list mode, or is read from data, services in data Hold and be shown in result output module, specifically, the method for showing Query Result is：(1) will according to data access address As a result it is grouped, is divided into one group from the object of same data, services；(2) request of data of line asynchronous is entered one by one according to packet, In the data count of user interface display request and the quantity of returning result；(3) according to the coordinate of return or coordinate sequence with The objects such as point, line, surface are drawn at family interface, and present graphical object is related by way of clicking on Drawing Object or the results list Attribute.
The present invention is provided the retrieval result for directly arriving spatial entity for data retrieval request, led to by secondary index Cross the caching and index to distributed data, services, and the foundation of data, services URL index structure, it is possible to achieve quick The spatial entity of mass data is retrieved, further, since secondary index is cached to the space number preserved for one-level index According to retrieval server, therefore retrieving is all carried out on spatial data retrieval server, ensure that the speed of retrieval and steady It is qualitative, only just need to access other distribution data servers when accessing real space data object according to indexed results.
Embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of Multiscale Distributed Spatial Data Querying System, including inquiry request connects Receive module and data inquiry module；
The inquiry request receiving module, for obtaining inquiry request information, the inquiry request information comprises at least mesh Mark the target area of data；
The data inquiry module includes the first inquiry submodule, the second inquiry submodule, acquisition submodule and the 3rd and looked into Ask submodule；
The first inquiry submodule, for determining the target in first order index according to the inquiry request information Index level corresponding to data, in first order index, engineer's scale corresponding to different index layer differs；
The second inquiry submodule, for the target area according to the target data corresponding to the target data The target data service of the target data is searched in index level；
The acquisition submodule, for obtaining the second level index of the corresponding target data service；
The 3rd inquiry submodule, is looked into being indexed for the target area according to the target data in the second level Inquiry obtains the network access address of the target data.
Wherein, the inquiry request receiving module includes：
Receiving submodule, for obtaining the query context of user's input；
Calculating sub module, for the target area using the minimum enclosed rectangle of the query context as the target data Domain.
Wherein, the first inquiry submodule includes：
Grid acquiring unit is retrieved, for the side using the maximum in the length of the target area and width as retrieval grid Long, the retrieval grid is square；
Comparing unit, for the index level during the first order is indexed according to the order of corresponding grid area from small to large Size comparison is carried out with the retrieval grid, if the grid area of current index level is more than or equal to the face of the retrieval grid Product, using the current index level as index level corresponding to the target data.
Preferably, above-mentioned Multiscale Distributed Spatial Data Querying System also includes：First result output module, is used for The network access address is directly returned to user according to list mode.
Preferably, above-mentioned Multiscale Distributed Spatial Data Querying System also includes：Second result output module, is used for The target data is read according to the network access address and is shown the target data.
Embodiment of above is merely to illustrate the present invention, and not limitation of the present invention, about the common of technical field Technical staff, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, it can also make a variety of changes and modification, thus it is all Equivalent technical scheme falls within scope of the invention, and scope of patent protection of the invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

  1. A kind of 1. Multiscale Distributed Spatial data query method, it is characterised in that including：
    S1：Inquiry request information is obtained, the inquiry request information comprises at least the target area of target data；
    S2：According to the inquiry request information the first order index in determine the target data corresponding to index level, described In first order index, engineer's scale corresponding to different index layer differs；
    S3：The target data is searched in the index level according to corresponding to the target area of the target data in the target data Target data service；
    S4：The second level index of the corresponding target data service is obtained, each second level index is built upon a data clothes On business；
    S5：Inquiry obtains the network of the target data in being indexed according to the target area of the target data in the second level Reference address.
  2. 2. Multiscale Distributed Spatial data query method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step S1 includes：
    Obtain the query context of user's input；
    Target area using the minimum enclosed rectangle of the query context as the target data.
  3. 3. Multiscale Distributed Spatial data query method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that step S2 includes：
    The length of side using the maximum in the length of the target area and width as retrieval grid, the retrieval grid are square；
    Index level during the first order is indexed according to the order of corresponding grid area from small to large enters with the retrieval grid Row size compares, if the grid area of current index level is more than or equal to the area of the retrieval grid, by the current index Layer is as index level corresponding to the target data.
  4. 4. Multiscale Distributed Spatial data query method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that after step S5 also Including：
    The network access address is directly returned to user according to list mode.
  5. 5. Multiscale Distributed Spatial data query method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that after step S5 also Including：
    The target data is read according to the network access address and is shown the target data.
  6. 6. a kind of Multiscale Distributed Spatial Data Querying System, it is characterised in that including inquiry request receiving module and data Enquiry module；
    The inquiry request receiving module, for obtaining inquiry request information, the inquiry request information comprises at least number of targets According to target area；
    The data inquiry module includes the first inquiry submodule, the second inquiry submodule, acquisition submodule and the 3rd inquiry Module；
    The first inquiry submodule, for determining the target data in first order index according to the inquiry request information Corresponding index level, in first order index, engineer's scale corresponding to different index layer differs；
    The second inquiry submodule, for the target area according to the target data in index corresponding to the target data The target data service of the target data is searched in layer；
    The acquisition submodule, for obtaining the second level index of the corresponding target data service, each second level index is Establish on a data, services；
    The 3rd inquiry submodule, is inquired about in being indexed for the target area according to the target data in the second level To the network access address of the target data.
  7. 7. Multiscale Distributed Spatial Data Querying System according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the inquiry request Receiving module includes：
    Receiving submodule, for obtaining the query context of user's input；
    Calculating sub module, for the target area using the minimum enclosed rectangle of the query context as the target data.
  8. 8. Multiscale Distributed Spatial Data Querying System according to claim 7, it is characterised in that first inquiry Submodule includes：
    Retrieve grid acquiring unit, for using the length of the target area and it is wide in maximum as the length of side for retrieving grid, The retrieval grid is square；
    Comparing unit, for the index level during the first order is indexed according to the order of corresponding grid area from small to large and institute State retrieval grid and carry out size comparison, will if the grid area of current index level is more than or equal to the area of the retrieval grid The current index level is as index level corresponding to the target data.
  9. 9. Multiscale Distributed Spatial Data Querying System according to claim 6, it is characterised in that also include：
    First result output module, for the network access address to be directly returned into user according to list mode.
  10. 10. Multiscale Distributed Spatial Data Querying System according to claim 6, it is characterised in that also include：
    Second result output module, for reading the target data and by the target data according to the network access address It is shown.
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