CN104281192B - 一种光伏逆变器有功调度方法 - Google Patents

一种光伏逆变器有功调度方法 Download PDF

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CN104281192B
CN104281192B CN201410514302.0A CN201410514302A CN104281192B CN 104281192 B CN104281192 B CN 104281192B CN 201410514302 A CN201410514302 A CN 201410514302A CN 104281192 B CN104281192 B CN 104281192B
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pac
photovoltaic
voltage
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CN104281192A (zh
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赵建荣
王林
张海龙
黄辉
孟向军
曹建博
肖飞
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XJ Electric Co Ltd
Xian XJ Power Electronics Technology Co Ltd
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Xian XJ Power Electronics Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种光伏逆变器有功调度方法,实时采样系统的交流电压、交流功率、直流侧输入电压,对逆变器实时输出有功功率和有功功率调度斜坡值进行PI控制,结果作为电池板的输出参考电压,然后与实际电池板输出电压值作比较,计算得到PWM波去控制前级升压电路的开关器件,使实际直流输入电压稳定运行于参考电压,即本发明通过功率环控制电池板输出电压偏离其最大功率点电压,使光伏逆变器的输出功率从当前功率变化至调度值,从而实现功率控制。

Description

一种光伏逆变器有功调度方法
技术领域
本发明属于光伏发电技术领域,特别是涉及一种两级式光伏发电系统的有功调度方法。
背景技术
随着光伏产业的不断发展,组串式光伏逆变器的应用越来越广泛,相比集中式光伏逆变器,由组串式逆变器建造的电站占地面积小、无需机房、维护方便简单,特别是在分布式屋顶、山地丘陵等地方优势显著;而且电池板安装地点选择灵活,可最大限度吸收太阳能,使得其发电量高。
由于组串式光伏逆变器直流输入侧电压较低,因此拓扑结构多为两级式,由BOOST升压电路和逆变电路组成,前级BOOST完成升压及MPPT控制,后级逆变电路恒压运行,如图1所示。对后级逆变电路进行控制时,直流母线电压环输出作为电流环的给定来控制后级电压稳定运行于设定值,但是若进行有功调度时,就不能像单级式光伏发电系统那样,不能通过控制电流环的给定Id_ref来实现功率控制,所以需要设计一种适合两级式光伏发电系统的有功功率控制,保证精确调度,调度后系统稳定,调度过程平稳无电流冲击。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种光伏逆变器有功调度方法,以解决两级式光伏发电系统不能通过控制电流大小实现功率控制的问题。
为了实现以上目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种光伏逆变器有功调度方法,实时采样光伏发电系统的交流电压、交流电流,计算出当前有功功率Grid_Pac,该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将Grid_Pac和有功功率调度指令值的偏差值Error送入第一PI调节器PI1进行比例积分运算;所述有功功率调度指令值是指将有功调度值斜坡化后作为有功调度斜坡指令值Pac_set_slope,Pac_set_slope是以当前有功功率Grid_Pac为起始点,以P_step为步长,逐步减小到有功调度指令值Pac_set后维持;
(2)将PI1的输出作为电池板的参考输出电压Uref,然后将其与实际电池板输出电压值Ufdb的差值送入第二PI调节器PI2进行比例积分运算;
(3)将PI2的输出进行正弦脉宽调制,生成PWM波去控制BOOST电路中开关器件的通断,使电池板输出电压偏移最大功率点,直到电池板输出功率等于调度功率,从而实现功率控制。
所述有功功率Grid_Pac的计算公式如下:
Grid_Pac=Uan*Ian+Ubn*Ibn+Ucn*Icn
其中,Uan、Ubn、Ucn为三相交流相电压;Ian、Ibn、Icn为三相交流电流。
所述第一PI调节器PI1和第二PI调节器PI2进行比例积分运算的计算公式如下:
u ( t ) = K p i e ( t ) + 1 τ ∫ e ( t ) d t
上式中e(t)为输入,u(t)为输出;
将上式离散化为差分方程,第k拍输出为:
u ( k ) = k p e ( k ) + k 1 T s a m Σ i = 1 k e ( i ) = k p e ( k ) + u i ( k ) = k p e ( k ) + k i T s a m e ( k ) + u i ( k - 1 )
其中Tsam为采样周期,e(k)为第k次的误差,kp、ki为系数。
本发明的光伏逆变器有功调度方法主要适应于两级式光伏发电系统,对逆变器实时输出有功功率和有功功率调度斜坡值进行PI控制,结果作为电池板的输出参考电压,然后与实际电池板输出电压值作比较,计算得到PWM波去控制前级升压电路的开关器件,使实际直流输入电压稳定运行于参考电压,即本发明通过功率环控制电池板输出电压偏离其最大功率点电压,使光伏逆变器的输出功率从当前功率变化至调度值,从而实现功率控制,解决了两级式光伏发电系统不能通过控制电流大小实现功率控制的问题。
为了使调度过程平稳无电流冲击,将调度值斜坡化后和实时有功功率做比较。
附图说明
图1为两级式光伏逆变器后级逆变电路控制框图;
图2为本发明两级式光伏逆变器前级有功功率控制框图;
图3为本发明有功调度指令斜坡化示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体的实施例对本发明进行进一步介绍。
两级式光伏发电系统的结构如图2上半部分所示,前级BOOST电路完成升压,后级逆变电路完成逆变,本发明的有功功率控制是通过前级电路来实现的,图2的下半部分给出了本发明光伏逆变器有功调度方法的控制结构,由图可知,该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)实时采样光伏发电系统的交流电压、交流电流,计算出当前有功功率Grid_Pac;
Grid_Pac=Uan*Ian+Ubn*Ibn+Ucn*Icn
其中,Uan、Ubn、Ucn为三相交流相电压;Ian、Ibn、Icn为三相交流电流。
(2)将Grid_Pac和有功功率调度指令值的偏差值Error送入第一PI调节器PI1进行比例积分运算;
为了实现功率平滑、电流无冲击调度,本发明将有功调度值斜坡化后作为有功调度斜坡指令值Pac_set_slope(输出功率参考值),斜坡值指令值Pac_set_slope是以当前功率为起始点,以P_step为步长,逐步减小到有功调度指令值Pac_set后维持,如图3所示。
(3)将PI1的输出作为电池板的参考输出电压(直流侧输入电压)Uref,然后将其与实际电池板输出电压值Ufdb的差值送入第二PI调节器PI2进行比例积分运算,该比例积分方法同第一PI调节器PI1相同;
(4)将PI2的输出进行正弦脉宽调制,生成PWM波去控制BOOST电路中开关器件的通断,使电池板输出电压偏移最大功率点,直到调度功率值在对应的电压处维持,即电池板输出功率等于调度功率,从而实现功率控制。
本实施例中第一PI调节器PI1和第二PI调节器PI2进行比例积分运算的计算公式如下:
u ( t ) = K p i e ( t ) + 1 τ ∫ e ( t ) d t
上式中e(t)为输入,u(t)为输出;
将上式离散化为差分方程,第k拍输出为:
u ( k ) = k p e ( k ) + k 1 T s a m Σ i = 1 k e ( i ) = k p e ( k ) + u i ( k ) = k p e ( k ) + k i T s a m e ( k ) + u i ( k - 1 )
其中Tsam为采样周期,e(k)为第k次的误差,kp、ki为系数。
以上实施例仅用于帮助理解本发明的核心思想,不能以此限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员,凡是依据本发明的思想,对本发明进行修改或者等同替换,在具体实施方式及应用范围上所做的任何改动,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种光伏逆变器有功调度方法,实时采样光伏发电系统的交流电压、交流电流,计算出当前有功功率Grid_Pac,其特征在于,该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将Grid_Pac和有功功率调度指令值的偏差值Error送入第一PI调节器PI1进行比例积分运算;所述有功功率调度指令值是指将有功调度值斜坡化后作为有功调度斜坡指令值Pac_set_slope,Pac_set_slope是以当前有功功率Grid_Pac为起始点,以P_step为步长,逐步减小到有功调度指令值Pac_set后维持;
(2)将PI1的输出作为电池板的参考输出电压Uref,然后将其与实际电池板输出电压值Ufdb的差值送入第二PI调节器PI2进行比例积分运算;
(3)将PI2的输出进行正弦脉宽调制,生成PWM波去控制BOOST电路中开关器件的通断,使电池板输出电压偏移最大功率点,直到电池板输出功率等于调度功率,从而实现功率控制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光伏逆变器有功调度方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中有功功率Grid_Pac的计算公式如下:
Grid_Pac=Uan*Ian+Ubn*Ibn+Ucn*Icn
其中,Uan、Ubn、Ucn为三相交流相电压;Ian、Ibn、Icn为三相交流电流。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光伏逆变器有功调度方法,其特征在于:所述第一PI调节器PI1和第二PI调节器PI2进行比例积分运算的计算公式如下:
u ( t ) = K p i e ( t ) + 1 τ ∫ e ( t ) d t
上式中e(t)为输入,u(t)为输出;
将上式离散化为差分方程,第k拍输出为:
u ( k ) = k p e ( k ) + k i T s a m Σ i = 1 k e ( i ) = k p e ( k ) + u i ( k ) = k p e ( k ) + k i T s a m e ( k ) + u i ( k - 1 )
其中Tsam为采样周期,e(k)为第k次的误差,kp、ki为系数。
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CN107612019B (zh) * 2017-08-17 2020-10-23 许继电气股份有限公司 一种组串式光伏逆变器有功功率控制方法及系统
CN108667072B (zh) * 2018-05-21 2020-09-01 合肥工业大学 基于有功备用的光伏并网逆变器控制方法
CN109633283B (zh) * 2019-01-31 2021-10-01 科华数据股份有限公司 母线电容容值监测方法、装置及终端设备

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