CN104280271A - Temperature difference control-based atmospheric particulate sampling method for preparing lithium niobate - Google Patents
Temperature difference control-based atmospheric particulate sampling method for preparing lithium niobate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a temperature difference control-based atmospheric particulate sampling method for preparing lithium niobate. The sampling method is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) adopting lithium niobate as an absorption material; and 2) firstly processing lithium niobate pyroelectric materials, and then adsorbing atmospheric particulates in an atmospheric environment by virtue of the processed lithium niobate to release charges under the stimulation of the temperature difference, so as to adsorb and sample the atmospheric particulates. An air sampler is prepared from lithium niobate, so that the method is high in adsorption efficiency, low in price, and simple and feasible in operation, is not affected by various natural and human factors, and can be applied to atmospheric sampling under various emergency circumstances anytime and anywhere, and meanwhile, the sampling principle is natural adsorption under the electrostatic interaction by virtue of coulomb force; the morphologies and properties of the particulate matters are barely damaged; and the collection of samples is relatively simple, so that analysis on ingredients is facilitated, and the method has a good application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of sampling, specifically a kind of Atmospheric particulates method of sampling prepared based on the lithium niobate of temperature difference regulation and control, belongs to technical field of air purification.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the development of society and the progress of the mankind, environmental problem seems and becomes increasingly conspicuous, the serious health and lives safety that threaten the mankind.In a series of environmental problem, continuing and occurring of haze weather, causes the extensive concern of society.On meteorology, mist and haze are 2 concepts of meteorology.The meteorology of mist is defined as: a large amount of small water droplet swims in the air, is often creamy white, and makes horizontal visibility be less than 1.0km, and the existence of mist makes visibility deterioration, reduces air transparency.The general research of chaotic phenomenon of air that horizontal visibility is less than 10.0km is called haze or gray haze, and it is swum uniformly by a large amount of imperceptible dry grits etc. and aloft causes.The obstruction to vision that the aerosol systems of this non-aqueous formation composition causes is called haze or gray haze when horizontal visibility is less than 10.0 km.Haze phenomenon not only can cause adverse effect to air quality, also can affect the healthy of people simultaneously.From healthy upper, haze weather easily causes the illness such as rhinitis, bronchitis, is in this environment for a long time and also can brings out lung cancer.Except cancer, haze sky also easily causes angiocardiopathy, as myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia or damage.In addition when haze shrouds, air pressure is lower, and the oxygen level in air declines to some extent, and at this moment susceptible is to uncomfortable in chest.Moist cold mist and haze, also can cause cold stimulation, cause vasopasm, fluctuation of blood pressure, cardiac load to increase the weight of.Therefore, the collection of air particle during haze weather is seemed particularly important, because it is directly connected to reliability and the authenticity of experimental result.Scientists starts to have carried out real-time monitored to haze weather, and has done a series of research for its composition and source.As far back as eighties of last century five sixties, the states such as America and Europe, in order to monitor the particle in air, have formulated inhalable particulates hygienic standard in succession, and design eurypalynous two sections of inhalable particulates sampling thiefs perhaps.For studying the particle size distribution of inhalable particulates in more detail, multistage inhalable particulates sampling thief occurs successively, can carry out selection sampling to the particle of different-grain diameter in air.
The comparatively normal method of sampling used in current environment, for by the collecting by filtration in addition after particle diameter screening installation of the air with suspended particle, as cyclone separator, separating flow sampling device etc., or by air through inertia impact equipment, directly shot-like particle is retained on shock surface, namely uses centrifugal force and inertial force to collect shot-like particle.The sample devices being generally usually used in measuring suspended particle in air has: micropore inertial impactor, separating flow sampling device, cyclone separator etc.These sample devicess serve vital role for the research of haze particle.Such as, in TH-150 type Atmospheric particulates, traffic sampling device is used to collect somewhere, Beijing PM
2.5, and elemental characteristic research has been done to it.Use middle flow PM
10, PM
2.5atmosphere particulate matter sampler have collected Atmosphere of Beijing particle PM
10and PM
2.5, and the structure and character of wherein water soluble anion is analyzed.TEOM 1400A atmospheric particles monitor have collected somewhere PM
2.5, and determine its source for soil dirt, coal combustion, communications and transportation, marine aerosol and steel and iron industry.
But these sampling thiefs are all mainly rely on the inertia impact of different diameter airborne particle to be used for realizing the separation to different-grain diameter, there is a series of drawback.First, this method of sampling realizes the filtration to particle by the filter screen of use different pore size, and require higher to the aperture of filter screen, PM is collected in preparation
2.5the aperture of particle is tiny, and preparation is complicated and cost is higher.In sampling process, the particle that filter screen is collected can block filter screen or the aperture of filter screen is diminished, and blocks the less particle of part and enters next stage sampling apparatus, lack the accuracy of sampling.And, need particle to be stripped out from filter screen to carry out the analysis such as composition, particle diameter, not only increase experiment difficulty, and easily make some losses of signal.Secondly, due to the high forces of air-flow, particle is in the process of impingement baffles, easy anti-hair tonic bullet and return in air-flow, meanwhile, this strong effect of impact can make partial particulate be decomposed into less particle and enter in next stage tripping device with air-flow, causes the error of sampling.The acting force of the acting force and shock that add overdraught can make the particle pattern collected and character change to a certain extent, can not the real information of reaction particles thing.Meanwhile, there is the shortcomings such as expensive, bulky, not portable, complicated operation in these equipment, is unfavorable for using in emergency condition poor small towns relative to economic capability or non-transformer district.Therefore, a kind of new technical scheme of exigence solves the problems of the technologies described above.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is just for the technical matters existed in prior art, a kind of Atmospheric particulates method of sampling prepared based on the lithium niobate of temperature difference regulation and control is provided, air sampler is made with lithium niobate in the present invention, there is adsorption efficiency high, cheap, operation is simple, easy to clean, can the advantage such as Reusability.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is, a kind of Atmospheric particulates method of sampling prepared based on the lithium niobate of temperature difference regulation and control, it is characterized in that, described method of sampling step is as follows, 1) adopt lithium niobate as sorbing material, 2) first lithium niobate pyroelectricity material is processed, then the lithium niobate after process is placed in atmospheric environment to adsorb Atmospheric particulates, make it under thermal stimulation effect, discharge electric charge, thus the absorption realized Atmospheric particulates and sampling.
Because lithium niobate has stable chemical property, the advantages such as pyroelectricity condition is simple, add the special construction of lithium niobate self, can be regulated and controled its character by doping, so-called pyroelectric refers to, when crystal temperature effect changes, be heated or cool, the center of positive and negative charge can be subjected to displacement, thus polarization intensity changes along with the change of temperature, causes the bound charge of plane of crystal to change thereupon.The power of pyroelectric effect can represent with pyroelectric coefficient.Change and the change formula of pyroelectricity temperature of polarization are as follows: Δ P=p Δ T(p is pyroelectric coefficient, and Δ T is the change of crystal temperature effect, and Δ P is the knots modification of polarization).From principle, lithium niobate material surface just can be made to produce electric charge as long as there is temperature difference.
As a modification of the present invention, the thermal stimulation in described step 2 is heating.This technical scheme is, the technical method of atmosphere particulate matter sampler prepared by the electrostatic force producing surface charge under the effect of the temperature difference, because this pyroelectricity material can produce a large amount of surperficial free charges fast under thermal stimulation, generate stronger coulomb interaction power, be captured with the polar particulate thing in absorbed air or after making neutrophil granule thing polarize.This method, to the various particles in air, comprises dust, PM
10, PM
2.5, and submicron particles all has efficient adsorption effect.
As a modification of the present invention, described lithium niobate is the wafer of the Z-direction of single domain growth, and has carried out twin polishing.
As a modification of the present invention, described heating means are the heating utilizing spontaneous heating material to carry out.
As a modification of the present invention, described spontaneous heating material is for utilizing iron oxidation reaction heat release to heat.In humid air, the principle of oxygen uptake corrosion is there is according to iron.Utilize the strong adsorbability of activated charcoal, in the open structure of activated charcoal, contain water vapor, water vapor is liquefied as water droplet simultaneously, and flow out and contact with iron powder with air, react comparatively rapidly generation ferric hydroxide under the catalytic action of sodium chloride, releases heat.
As a modification of the present invention, described heating means are thermal station heating.In the method, produce the temperature difference by heating, make lithium niobate surface produce a large amount of free charge, recycle described free charge and catch polar particulate in air, or caught after neutrophil granule is polarized, thus realize the absorption to Atmospheric particulates.During heating, lithium niobate surface presentation positive charge, the negative particles in adsorbable air, in air, the contaminant particle overwhelming majority presents electronegativity.
As a modification of the present invention, the temperature of the lithium niobate after described heating is 30-150 DEG C.
As a modification of the present invention, the temperature of the lithium niobate after described heating is 80-150 DEG C, is preferably 100 DEG C.
As a modification of the present invention, described spontaneous heating material is controlled macromolecule polymer material, i.e. iron powder or carbon black filled ptc material.
Based on the temperature difference regulation and control lithium niobate to Atmospheric particulates sampling in an application, in described application, lithium niobate by heating produce the temperature difference, make lithium niobate surface produce surperficial free charge, recycle described free charge and Atmospheric particulates sampled.Described Atmospheric particulates comprise: PM
2.5, dust, PM
10and submicron particles.
As a modification of the present invention, after lithium niobate pyroelectricity is sampled, sample is directly carried out X-ray energy spectrum (EDS) or x-ray photoelectron power spectrum (XPS) puts into rare HNO
3in solution, very convenient, and simple to operate.
Relative to prior art, advantage of the present invention is as follows, 1) different from the air sampler usually utilizing inertia impact effect to make, based on the Atmospheric particulates method of sampling of lithium niobate, be mainly the electrostatic force absorption under charge effect, for the PM2.5 of small particle diameter and the particle of following yardstick, there is high adsorption efficiency, avoid the requirement of legacy sampler to aperture of filter screen, the particle pattern that when overcoming inertia impact effect, high velocity impact causes and the change of character, and under percussive action, particle bounce-back refluxes the sampling error caused.Therefore, this method of sampling is simple for the collection of sample, presents its feasibility being used as air sampler and advantage; 2) the present invention utilizes inorganic heat to release electroelectret material lithium niobate, produces exhibiting high surface free charge under thermal stimulation effect, realizes the adsorption sampling to airborne particulate by electrostatic force.Experiment shows, lithium niobate is used for atmospheric sampling, can effective different-grain diameter in absorbed air, comprises dust, PM
10, PM
2.5and the particle such as submicron particles, there is high efficiency.Meanwhile, be convenient to directly to observe the appearance structure of adsorption particle and constituent analysis is carried out to it.Find with the lithium niobate after water cleaning adsorption particle, the particle of absorption is easy to get rid of, and does atmospheric sampling with lithium niobate, be convenient to the collection to sample, and cleaning process is easy, can recycle; 3) make air sampler with lithium niobate in the present invention, have adsorption efficiency high, cheap, operation is simple, is not subject to the impact of various nature and human factor, can be applied to various atmospheric sampling in emergency circumstances anywhere or anytime.Meanwhile, sampling principle is rely on naturally adsorbing of coulomb acting force under electrostatic interaction, does not almost destroy the pattern of particle and character, adds the collection of sample comparatively simple, is convenient to analyze its composition, has a good application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the SEM figure of lithium niobate adsorb atmospheric particle, and the enlargement factor of (a)-(d) is respectively 250,700,5000 and 10000 times;
Fig. 2 is the EDS analysis chart of lithium niobate absorbed air particle;
Fig. 3 lithium niobate adsorb atmospheric particle before cleaning after SEM figure.
Embodiment
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention and understanding, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described and introduce.
embodiment 1:a kind of Atmospheric particulates method of sampling prepared based on the lithium niobate of temperature difference regulation and control, described method of sampling step is as follows, 1) adopt lithium niobate as sorbing material, 2) first lithium niobate pyroelectricity material is processed, then the lithium niobate after process is placed in atmospheric environment to adsorb Atmospheric particulates, make it under thermal stimulation effect, discharge electric charge, thus the absorption realized Atmospheric particulates and sampling.Because lithium niobate has stable chemical property, the advantages such as pyroelectricity condition is simple, add the special construction of lithium niobate self, can be regulated and controled its character by doping, so-called pyroelectric refers to, when crystal temperature effect changes, be heated or cool, the center of positive and negative charge can be subjected to displacement, thus polarization intensity changes along with the change of temperature, causes the bound charge of plane of crystal to change thereupon.The power of pyroelectric effect can represent with pyroelectric coefficient.Change and the change formula of pyroelectricity temperature of polarization are as follows: Δ P=p Δ T(p is pyroelectric coefficient, and Δ T is the change of crystal temperature effect, and Δ P is the knots modification of polarization).From principle, lithium niobate material surface just can be made to produce electric charge as long as there is temperature difference; Thermal stimulation wherein in step 2 is heating, this technical scheme is, the technical method of atmosphere particulate matter sampler prepared by the electrostatic force producing surface charge under the effect of the temperature difference, because this pyroelectricity material can produce a large amount of surperficial free charges fast under thermal stimulation, generate stronger coulomb interaction power, be captured with the polar particulate thing in absorbed air or after making neutrophil granule thing polarize, this method is to the various particles in air, comprise dust, PM
10, PM
2.5, and submicron particles all has efficient adsorption effect; Described lithium niobate is the wafer of the Z-direction of single domain growth, and has carried out twin polishing; Described heating means are the heating utilizing spontaneous heating material to carry out; Described spontaneous heating material is for utilizing iron oxidation reaction heat release to heat; In humid air, the principle of oxygen uptake corrosion is there is according to iron; Utilize the strong adsorbability of activated charcoal, in the open structure of activated charcoal, contain water vapor, water vapor is liquefied as water droplet simultaneously, and flow out and contact with iron powder with air, react comparatively rapidly generation ferric hydroxide under the catalytic action of sodium chloride, releases heat; Described heating means are thermal station heating.In the method, produce the temperature difference by heating, make lithium niobate surface produce a large amount of free charge, recycle described free charge and catch polar particulate in air, or caught after neutrophil granule is polarized, thus realize the absorption to Atmospheric particulates.During heating, lithium niobate surface presentation positive charge, the negative particles in adsorbable air, in air, the contaminant particle overwhelming majority presents electronegativity; The temperature of the lithium niobate after described heating is 30-150 DEG C; The temperature of the lithium niobate after described heating is 80-150 DEG C, is preferably 100 DEG C; Described spontaneous heating material is controlled macromolecule polymer material, i.e. iron powder or carbon black filled ptc material.
embodiment 2: lithium niobate is to the pattern after Atmospheric particulates sampling and diameter characterization
Experiment cuts a slice 2cm × 2cm lithium niobate crystal chip, and after cleaning up, be placed in thermal station, when haze weather, whole device is put in outdoor, and at 100 DEG C, continuous heating is with absorbed air particle, and adsorption time is 8h.SEM is called for short by scanning electron microscope, pattern and diameter characterization are carried out to the air particles that lithium niobate adsorbs, result as shown in Figure 1, the SEM figure of Fig. 1 lithium niobate adsorb atmospheric particle, the enlargement factor of (a)-(d) is respectively 250, and 700,5000 and 10000 times of results show, lithium niobate surface after heating produces a large amount of free charge, has stronger coulomb acting force, can haze particle in a large number in absorbed air.By finding the diameter characterization of institute's adsorption particle, lithium niobate, to the air particles of different-grain diameter, comprises dust, PM
10, PM
2.5and submicron particles, there is good absorption, embody the feasibility making airborne particulate sampling of lithium niobate.This description of test, the lithium niobate utilizing the temperature difference to regulate and control does airborne particulate sampling, has high efficiency, and simple to the direct observation of adsorption particle.
embodiment 3:the ultimate analysis that lithium niobate is sampled to Atmospheric particulates
Adopt X-ray energy spectrum to be called for short EDS, ultimate analysis is carried out to the airborne particulate that lithium niobate adsorbs, as Fig. 2 institute
Show, the EDS analysis chart of Fig. 2 lithium niobate absorbed air particle, the results are shown in Table 1.Result shows C, and the elements such as O, Na, Cl have obvious peak value, can be defined as element contained by sample particle, and this result is consistent with the haze particle elements composition of widespread reports, illustrates that the lithium niobate after heating really can haze particle in absorbed air.Can see simultaneously, adopt lithium niobate to do airborne particulate sampling, can analyze sample easily, further demonstrate that lithium niobate is used as the feasibility of airborne particulate sampling and is convenient to the advantages such as analysis.
The EDS analysis result of table 1 lithium niobate absorbed air particle
| Element | Percentage by weight | Atomic percent | Element | Percentage by weight | Atomic percent |
| C | 58.27 | 69.07 | Cl | 2.62 | 1.05 |
| O | 29.74 | 26.47 | S | 1.40 | 0.62 |
| Na | 1.45 | 0.90 | Ca | 1.14 | 0.40 |
| Al | 0.69 | 0.36 | Nb | 3.57 | 0.55 |
| Si | 1.14 | 0.58 | Total amount | 100 | 100 |
embodiment 4:the removal of lithium niobate adsorption particle
With the lithium niobate after ultrapure water adsorption particle, and observe the distribution of particles on the rear lithium niobate surface of cleaning with SEM.The comparison diagram of lithium niobate surface particles distribution before and after Fig. 3 gives and rinses.As we can clearly see from the figure, very clean with the lithium niobate surface after ultrapure water, almost do not have particle, reason be water can in and the electric charge on lithium niobate surface, make it lose electrostatic adsorption force.This illustrates on the one hand, the absorbed air particle that coulomb acting force can be stable, and when another aspect also embodies and adopts lithium niobate to do airborne particulate sampling, sample is convenient to collect to be further analyzed, and the cleaning of lithium niobate simultaneously simply, is convenient to Reusability.
It should be noted that above-described embodiment, be not used for limiting protection scope of the present invention, equivalents done on the basis of technique scheme or the alternative scope all falling into the claims in the present invention and protect.
Claims (10)
1. the Atmospheric particulates method of sampling prepared based on the lithium niobate of temperature difference regulation and control, it is characterized in that, described method of sampling step is as follows, 1) adopt lithium niobate as sorbing material, 2) first lithium niobate pyroelectricity material is processed, then the lithium niobate after process is placed in atmospheric environment to adsorb Atmospheric particulates, makes it under thermal stimulation effect, discharge electric charge, thus the absorption realized Atmospheric particulates and sampling.
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on the Atmospheric particulates method of sampling prepared by the lithium niobate of temperature difference regulation and control, it is characterized in that, the thermal stimulation in described step 2 is heating.
3. as claimed in claim 2 based on the Atmospheric particulates method of sampling prepared by the lithium niobate of temperature difference regulation and control, it is characterized in that, described lithium niobate is the wafer of the Z-direction of single domain growth, and has carried out twin polishing.
4., as claimed in claim 2 based on the Atmospheric particulates method of sampling prepared by the lithium niobate of temperature difference regulation and control, it is characterized in that, described heating means are the heating utilizing spontaneous heating material to carry out.
5., as claimed in claim 4 based on the Atmospheric particulates method of sampling prepared by the lithium niobate of temperature difference regulation and control, it is characterized in that, described spontaneous heating material is for utilizing iron oxidation reaction heat release to heat.
6. as claimed in claim 2 based on the Atmospheric particulates method of sampling prepared by the lithium niobate of temperature difference regulation and control, it is characterized in that, described heating means are thermal station heating; In the method, produce the temperature difference by heating, make lithium niobate surface produce a large amount of free charge, recycle described free charge and catch polar particulate in air, or caught after neutrophil granule is polarized, thus realize the absorption to Atmospheric particulates.
7., as claimed in claim 4 based on the Atmospheric particulates method of sampling prepared by the lithium niobate of temperature difference regulation and control, it is characterized in that, the temperature of the lithium niobate after described heating is 30-150 DEG C.
8. the Atmospheric particulates method of sampling prepared based on the lithium niobate of temperature difference regulation and control as described in claim 4 or 7, it is characterized in that, the temperature of the lithium niobate after described heating is 80-150 DEG C.
9., as claimed in claim 5 based on the Atmospheric particulates method of sampling prepared by the lithium niobate of temperature difference regulation and control, it is characterized in that, described spontaneous heating material is controlled macromolecule polymer material, i.e. iron powder or carbon black filled ptc material.
10. based on the temperature difference regulation and control lithium niobate to Atmospheric particulates sampling in an application, in described application, lithium niobate by heating produce the temperature difference, make lithium niobate surface produce surperficial free charge, recycle described free charge and Atmospheric particulates sampled.
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| CN106040161A (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2016-10-26 | 中国人民大学 | Pyroelectric crystal particles and application, composite and screening method thereof |
| CN109746120A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2019-05-14 | 北京中科艾加科技有限公司 | Filter device including piezo-electricity composite material and its application in absorption Atmospheric particulates |
| CN115572757A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-01-06 | 珠海市慧康生物科技有限公司 | Kit for detecting virus or bacteria by combining isothermal amplification with colloidal gold immunochromatography and detection method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106040161A (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2016-10-26 | 中国人民大学 | Pyroelectric crystal particles and application, composite and screening method thereof |
| CN109746120A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2019-05-14 | 北京中科艾加科技有限公司 | Filter device including piezo-electricity composite material and its application in absorption Atmospheric particulates |
| CN109746120B (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2021-02-26 | 北京中科艾加科技有限公司 | Filter device comprising piezoelectric composite material and application of filter device in adsorption of atmospheric particulates |
| CN115572757A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-01-06 | 珠海市慧康生物科技有限公司 | Kit for detecting virus or bacteria by combining isothermal amplification with colloidal gold immunochromatography and detection method thereof |
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