CN104270582A - Image sensor - Google Patents
Image sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN104270582A CN104270582A CN201410545408.7A CN201410545408A CN104270582A CN 104270582 A CN104270582 A CN 104270582A CN 201410545408 A CN201410545408 A CN 201410545408A CN 104270582 A CN104270582 A CN 104270582A
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- photodetector
- imageing sensor
- shutter control
- shutter
- exposure
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Abstract
The invention discloses an image sensor. The image sensor comprises a sensing matrix and a plurality of shutter control lines. The sensing matrix is provided with a plurality of sensing units. Each sensing unit is provided with an electronic shutter and an optical detection element, wherein the electronic shutter controls the exposure time of the optical detection element. Each shutter control line is coupled to the corresponding electronic shutter in the sensing matrix, wherein the shutter control line and the electronic shutter are in the same column or the same row. The exposure times of the optical detection elements on the different columns or different rows are controlled independently, and the optical detection elements coupled to the same shutter control line have the same exposure time.
Description
The present invention is a divisional application, and the applying date of original application is on 03 03rd, 2011, and application number is 201110050503.6, and denomination of invention is: imageing sensor.
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of imageing sensor, particularly have an imageing sensor of light source variation compensation function.
Background technology
Light can be converted to electric charge (electrical charges) by imageing sensor, and by electric charge after treatment, exports the digital electric signal of composing images.Digital electric signal can store on the storage media, or exports image display device to, to present the image be made up of it on a display screen, very convenient on therefore using.Due to its convenience, imageing sensor had been used in many electronic installations already, such as: digital camera, digital camera, mobile phone or mouse etc.
General pattern transducer comprises semiconductor device, and it can be charge coupled cell (charge-coupled device; Or CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) (complementary metal oxide semiconductor CCD); CMOS).Imageing sensor is generally and is formed with the pixel (pixel) of matrix arrangement.When light is irradiated, pixel produces electric charge or the voltage of representative image information.Store electric charge within the pixel or voltage by coupling shift register (shift register) output processing in order of described pixel.
Imageing sensor also can be used on touch technology.Fig. 1 shows an optical touch control system 1.With reference to shown in Fig. 1, optical touch control system 1 comprises two strip light guides 11, multiple light-emitting diode 12, and an imageing sensor 13.Light guide 11 is arranged at the adjacent both sides of sensing region 14.Multiple light-emitting diode 12 neighbours are placed in the end of light guide 11, it are projected to luminous sensing region 14 by light guide 11.The relative light guide 11 of imageing sensor 13 is arranged.
In the bias light image that Fig. 2 image sensor 13 is extracted, its intensity map.With reference to shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, in optical touch control system 1, be incident upon the bias light on imageing sensor 13, its Luminance Distribution is not easily even.Uneven Luminance Distribution can cause following shortcoming: by the pixel of light intensity, and its charge accumulation is very fast, easily causes pixel saturated, and then has influence on the identification of object; In the region that brightness is more weak, due to signal to noise ratio (signal-to-noise ratio; SNR) lower, therefore easily produce the large object image reform error of calculation; And if object image drops on the larger part of Fig. 2 slope of curve, its center of gravity calculation is not easily accurate.
In the mode that software calculates, by the normalization of the brightness curve of Fig. 2, to obtain more uniform Luminance Distribution, it is the method for normal employing now.Although this kind of method can allow the center of gravity calculation of object image, no longer affected by uneven Luminance Distribution, still cannot improve the image that object produces in the region that brightness is more weak, the problem of its center of gravity calculation error.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, an object of the present invention is for providing a kind of imageing sensor of the image providing background light level to be evenly distributed.
According to above-mentioned purpose, one embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of imageing sensor, and it comprises a sensing matrix and many shutter control lines.Sensing matrix has multiple sensing cell, and each sensing cell has an electronic shutter and a photodetector, and wherein this electronic shutter controls the time for exposure of this photodetector.Each shutter control line couples same row or the electronic shutter with a line in this sensing matrix, control the time for exposure of the photodetector of phase heterotaxy or different row whereby independently, and make the described photodetector of this shutter control line coupling same have the identical time for exposure.
Another embodiment of the present invention discloses a kind of imageing sensor, and it comprises multiple sensing cells of at least one column or row, multiple electronic shutter, and a storage device.Each sensing cell comprises a photodetector.Multiple electronic shutter couples corresponding photodetector respectively.Storage device stores the multiple timing instructions corresponding with described electronic shutter, and wherein said timing instructions correspondence produces shutter control signal, to be respectively used to control described electronic shutter.
Yet another embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of imageing sensor, and it comprises multiple sensing cells of at least one row or column, multiple electronic shutter, and a graphics processing unit.Each sensing cell comprises a photodetector.Multiple electronic shutter couples corresponding photodetector respectively.Graphics processing unit is electrically connected described multiple sensing cell and obtains the output signal of described multiple sensing cell, and produces corresponding sensing signal, and the shutter opening time of wherein said multiple electronic shutter controls respectively according to corresponding described sensing signal.
The technical characteristic of this announcement of sketch out above and advantage, describe in detail to make the present invention hereafter and obtained better understanding.Other technical characteristic and the advantage that form the claims in the present invention target will be described in hereafter.The technical field of the invention technical staff should understand, and the concept hereafter disclosed and specific embodiment can be used as basis and revised or design other structure or technique quite easily and realize the object identical with the present invention.The technical field of the invention technical staff also should understand, and this kind of equivalent construction also cannot depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention that claim proposes.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, the image that imageing sensor provided by the present invention can provide background light level to be evenly distributed.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 shows an optical touch control system;
Intensity map in Fig. 2 image sensor;
Fig. 3 shows the function block diagram of the imageing sensor of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram of section senses unit in the imageing sensor of one embodiment of the invention and control circuit thereof;
Fig. 5 shows the sequential chart of the imageing sensor of application drawing 4;
Intensity map before compensation in Fig. 6 image sensor and after compensating; And
Fig. 7 shows the partial circuit schematic diagram of the imageing sensor of another embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, description of reference numerals is as follows:
1 optical touch control system
2 imageing sensors
3 imageing sensors
5 curves
6 curves
7 predetermined luminance are interval
11 light guides
12 light-emitting diodes
13 imageing sensors
14 sensing regions
21 sensing matrixes
22 clock generators
23 storage devices
24 graphics processing units
211 sensing cells
212 electronic shutters
213 photodetectors
214 transistors
215 transistors
216 determine electric current
217 transistors
218 transistors
219 row decoders
220 reading circuits
221 shutter control lines
222 shutter control lines
223 shutter control lines
224 shutter control lines
225 sequential control circuits
226 bit lines
T
1time for exposure
T
2time for exposure
Embodiment
Fig. 3 shows the function block diagram of the imageing sensor 2 of one embodiment of the invention.Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram of section senses unit 211 in the imageing sensor 2 of one embodiment of the invention and control circuit thereof.With reference to shown in Fig. 3, imageing sensor 2 comprises a sensing matrix (sensor matrix) 21, clock generator 22, storage device 23, multiple electronic shutter 212, and a graphics processing unit 24.Sensing matrix 21 comprises multiple sensing cell 211, and multiple sensing cell 211 is arranged in a matrix in the vertical and horizontal directions.Multiple electronic shutter 212 is corresponding with multiple sensing cell 211 to be arranged.As shown in Figure 4, each sensing cell 211 comprises a photodetector (photodetector) 213, and electronic shutter 212 couples corresponding photodetector 213, to regulate and control the time for exposure of photodetector 213.In the present embodiment, each electronic shutter 212 is contained in the sensing cell 211 of correspondence.As shown in Figure 3, clock generator 22 is provided for the clock signal (clock signals) extracted on sensing cell 211 needed for light image, and it comprises shutter control signal.Storage device 23 couples clock generator 22, storage device 23 can store timing instructions, and clock generator 22 produces shutter control signal according to timing instructions, and wherein timing instructions can be revised, make this shutter control signal adjustable, control the opening time of corresponding electronic shutter 212 whereby.Graphics processing unit 24 couples sensing matrix 21.Graphics processing unit 24 can be electrically connected described multiple sensing cell 211, obtains the output signal of described multiple sensing cell 211 whereby, to produce corresponding sensing signal.Imageing sensor 2 according to the power of the described sensing signal corresponding with described multiple sensing cell 211, can control the opening time of electronic shutter 212, exports the more consistent output signal of background luminance to make described multiple sensing cell 211.
In another embodiment, storage device 23 can be arranged in clock generator 22.
With reference to shown in Fig. 4, the sensing cell 211 in imageing sensor 2 can be arranged in matrix.In each sensing cell 211, photodetector 213, according to the brightness received, correspondingly produces electric charge.Transistor 214 controls electric charge and is transferred to from photodetector 213 diffusion output area (floating diffusion (FD) output node) of floating.Transistor 215 with determine electric current 216 and form one source pole follower (source follower), source follower can amplify the opto-electronic conversion voltage of photodetector 213 generation.Transistor 217 is for exporting data to bit line 226.When RST1 or RST2 and TG1 or TG2 is at high level, can turn-on transistor 218 and transistor 214, supply voltage VDDAY like this can reset photodetector 213 to its opto-electronic conversion initial condition (photo-electric conversion initiation state).When turn-on transistor 214, electric charge can be transferred to from photodetector 213 diffusion output area of floating.When RST1 or the RST2 signal of input high level, supply voltage VDDAY can be utilized to float and to spread output area replacement.
In another embodiment, each sensing cell 211 can comprise the electronic shutter 212 of multiple photodetector 213 and multiple correspondence.Described multiple electronic shutter 212 controls the time for exposure of each photodetector 213 respectively.
In another embodiment, electronic shutter 212 is a transistor.Electronic shutter 212 is series between supply voltage VDDAY and photodetector 213.When shutter control signal AB1 or AB2 is at high level, supply voltage VDDAY resets photodetector 213, makes it maintain opto-electronic conversion initial condition.When photodetector 213 starts to expose, shutter control signal AB1 or AB2 is down to low level, allows photodetector 213 start to carry out opto-electronic conversion.Utilize the time that adjustment electronic shutter 212 opens or cuts out, i.e. the length of the time for exposure of controllable photodetector 213.
Row decoder 219 provides reset signal (RST1 ~ RST2), signal TG1 ~ TG2, signal AB1 ~ AB2 and character line to read control signal (word-line readout control signals) WL1 ~ WL2.Reading circuit 220 is from each sensing cell 211 reads image data.Reading circuit 220 can couple a decoder (not shown), to receive the column selection number of winning the confidence.Clock generator 22 provides row decoder 219 and the clock signal needed for reading circuit 220.
Especially, imageing sensor 2 comprises many shutter control lines 221 and 222.As shown in Figure 4, each shutter control line 221 or 222 couples in sensing matrix 21, position is at the electronic shutter 212 of the sensing cell 211 of the upper arrangement of same transverse direction (line direction), and position like this can expose at the same photodetector 213 transversely arranged the identical time for exposure.Moreover, many shutter control lines 221 and 222 can be independent of one another, therefore on many shutter control lines 221 and 222, different shutter control signals can be provided respectively, and the photodetector 213 of the different control line 221 and 222 of connection can be exposed the different time for exposure.
Fig. 5 shows the sequential chart (timing chart) of the imageing sensor 2 of application drawing 4, and its display synchronization signal Vsync, character line read control signal WL ~ WLn, and shutter control signal AB1 ~ AB2.With reference to shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, storage device 23 can store the timing instructions corresponding with shutter control line 221 and 222, with on different shutter control line 221 or 222, produce shutter control signal AB1 or AB2 with different pulse bandwidth (pulse width), as shown in the figure.In the present embodiment, the exposure of all photodetectors 213 starts simultaneously, and terminates in the drop edge of a synchronizing signal Vsync.Therefore, the pulse bandwidth of adjustment shutter control signal AB1 or AB2, can allow being arranged in different photodetector 213 transversely and exposing with the different time for exposure.In the 5 embodiment of figure 5, because the pulse bandwidth of shutter control signal AB1 is little compared with the pulse bandwidth of shutter control signal AB2, the time for exposure T that the photodetector 213 on shutter control line 221 is gone through therefore is connected to
1the time for exposure T that the photodetector 213 being comparatively connected to shutter control line 222 is gone through
2for length.
Photodetector 213 time for exposure that Fig. 6 shows one embodiment of the invention adjusts forward and backward Luminance Distribution schematic diagram.Utilize the circuit framework that Fig. 4 discloses, in the image that imageing sensor 2 can be extracted, the variation of the Luminance Distribution of its bias light is compensated.With reference to shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 6, in a system, comply with in the image that a scheduled exposure time extracts imageing sensor 2 is former, the Luminance Distribution of its bias light is curve 5.The mean flow rate distribution that brightness distribution curve 5 represents transversely (or vertical) on the direction of control line 221 and 222 is on column direction in the present embodiment.Shorten the time for exposure of the photodetector 213 irradiated by stronger bias light, be applied to the control line 221 or 222 connecting the photodetector 213 irradiated by stronger bias light by the shutter control signal that pulse bandwidth is wider; And increase the time for exposure of the photodetector 213 irradiated by more weak bias light, be applied on the control line 221 or 222 connecting the photodetector 213 irradiated by more weak bias light by the shutter control signal that pulse bandwidth is less.By the change of aforementioned time for exposure, background luminance distribution (as shown in curve 6) more uniform image can be obtained, and reach the effect of compensatory light variation.
In another embodiment, the time for exposure connecting the photodetector 213 of each control line 221 or 222 can determine according to a predetermined luminance interval 7.As shown in Figure 6, according to the former brightness value and the predetermined luminance interval 7 that form brightness distribution curve 5, imageing sensor 2 can calculate the time for exposure of the photodetector 213 that each control line 221 or 222 connects.Such as, the time for exposure can utilize the numerical value (such as median) in the former brightness value and predetermined luminance interval 7 that obtain according to the former time for exposure, calculates to scale and obtains.Utilize the time for exposure exposure calculated, imageing sensor 2 can be made can to obtain brightness value and be distributed in background image in predetermined luminance interval.
In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, graphics processing unit 24 is electrically connected sensing cell 211, therefore can obtain the output signal of sensing cell 211.Graphics processing unit 24 also can process described output signal, to produce corresponding sensing signal.Namely this sensing signal represents the brightness value that corresponding sensing cell 211 senses.
Fig. 7 shows the partial circuit schematic diagram of the imageing sensor 3 of another embodiment of the present invention.With reference to shown in Fig. 7, the imageing sensor 2 that the similar Fig. 4 of imageing sensor 3 discloses, only in imageing sensor 3, the electronic shutter 212 of the sensing cell 211 that it arranges in a column direction, is connected with 224 with corresponding shutter control line 223.So, the time for exposure exposure that the electronic shutter 212 of the sensing cell 211 of same row can be same, and the electronic shutter 212 of the sensing cell 211 of phase heterotaxy can different exposure time exposure.The circuit design of imageing sensor 3 can compensate the light source variation on sensing matrix 21 line direction, and the Luminance Distribution value making the image of extraction is evenly or in a predetermined luminance interval.Shutter control line 223 and 224 can couple a sequential control circuit 225, and by sequential control circuit 225, clock generator 22 can provide the shutter control signal of each shutter control line 223 or 224 correspondence.
The electronic shutter of same row or column in imageing sensor is connected with shutter control line, the background light level distribution in image is extracted again according to imageing sensor, different shutter control signals is imposed to different shutter control line, makes by the photodetector compared with intense light irradiation, with shorter Time Exposure; And be subject to the photodetector of weak light, with longer Time Exposure, so just can solve the photodetector by light intensity, its charge accumulation is very fast, easily cause saturated, and in the more weak region of brightness, easily produce the problems such as the large object image reform error of calculation, and avoid the part that brightness distribution curve occurs slope is larger, cause center of gravity calculation not easily problem accurately.
Technology contents of the present invention and technical characterstic disclose as above, but those skilled in the art still may do all replacement and the modification that do not deviate from spirit of the present invention based on teaching of the present invention and announcement.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be not limited to those disclosed embodiments, and should comprise various do not deviate from replacement of the present invention and modification, and is contained by following claim.
Claims (10)
1. an imageing sensor, comprises:
One sensing matrix, have multiple sensing cell, each sensing cell has an electronic shutter and a photodetector, and wherein this electronic shutter controls the time for exposure of this photodetector;
Many shutter control lines, each shutter control line couples same row or the described electronic shutter with a line in this sensing matrix, control the time for exposure of the described photodetector of phase heterotaxy or different row whereby independently, and make the described photodetector of this shutter control line coupling same have the identical time for exposure; And
One clock generator, couples with described many shutter control lines, and wherein this clock generator makes the electronic shutter opening time of phase heterotaxy or different row different by described many shutter control lines.
2. imageing sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, this electronic shutter is a transistor, is arranged at corresponding between this photodetector and a supply voltage.
3. imageing sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, this clock generator produces the multiple shutter control signals corresponding with described many shutter control lines.
4. imageing sensor according to claim 3, is characterized in that, this imageing sensor also comprises a storage device, and this memory bank device stores multiple timing instructions, and wherein multiple shutter control signal produces according to described multiple timing instructions.
5. imageing sensor according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, this imageing sensor accepts a bias light, and when wherein this time for exposure of the described photodetector of each column or row increases, the brightness of this bias light that the described photodetector of each column or row accepts also can increase.
6. an imageing sensor, comprises:
One sensing matrix, have multiple sensing cell, each sensing cell has an electronic shutter and a photodetector, and wherein this electronic shutter controls the time for exposure of this photodetector; And
Many shutter control lines, each shutter control line couples same row or the described electronic shutter with a line in this sensing matrix, control the time for exposure of the described photodetector of phase heterotaxy or different row whereby independently, and make the described photodetector of this shutter control line coupling same have the identical time for exposure;
Described many shutter control lines are independent of one another, on described bar shutter control line, different shutter control signals is provided respectively, shortens the time for exposure of the photodetector by stronger background illumination, increase the time for exposure of the photodetector irradiated by more weak bias light.
7. imageing sensor according to claim 6, is characterized in that, this electronic shutter is a transistor, is arranged at corresponding between this photodetector and a supply voltage.
8. imageing sensor according to claim 6, is characterized in that, this imageing sensor also comprises a clock generator, couples with described many shutter control lines, and this clock generator produces the multiple shutter control signals corresponding with described many shutter control lines.
9. imageing sensor according to claim 8, is characterized in that, this imageing sensor also comprises a storage device, and this memory bank device stores multiple timing instructions, and wherein multiple shutter control signal produces according to described multiple timing instructions.
10. imageing sensor according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, this imageing sensor accepts a bias light, and when wherein this time for exposure of the described photodetector of each column or row increases, the brightness of this bias light that the described photodetector of each column or row accepts also can increase.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410545408.7A CN104270582B (en) | 2011-03-03 | 2011-03-03 | Imaging sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410545408.7A CN104270582B (en) | 2011-03-03 | 2011-03-03 | Imaging sensor |
| CN201110050503.6A CN102655572B (en) | 2011-03-03 | 2011-03-03 | Image sensor |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110050503.6A Division CN102655572B (en) | 2011-03-03 | 2011-03-03 | Image sensor |
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| CN104270582B CN104270582B (en) | 2017-08-22 |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN108270976A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-10 | 曦威科技股份有限公司 | With the image-sensing method and imaging sensor for rolling time for exposure compensation |
| CN108392192A (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2018-08-14 | 原相科技股份有限公司 | Light sensing method, physiological parameter computational methods and light sensing system |
| US11294171B2 (en) | 2017-01-25 | 2022-04-05 | Pixart Imaging Inc. | Light sensing method, physiological parameter computing method and light sensing system |
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| CN111789583B (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2023-03-14 | 原相科技股份有限公司 | Light sensing method, physiological parameter calculation method and light sensing system |
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