The craven fault acquisition methods that a kind of seismotectonics is explained
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing method of seismic signal, specifically refer to the craven fault acquisition methods that a kind of seismotectonics is explained.
Background technology
Tomography is that earth formation ruptures because stress reaches some strength, and has the geological phenomenon of obvious relative movement along the plane of fracture.In oil-gas exploration and development field, tomography has channeling, it may have block effect.Tomography affects and controls the condition of storage of oil gas, migration pathway, the sealing of cap rock, the effectiveness etc. of trap, affect evaluation of trap, reserves calculating, the deployment of development plan and adjustment, affect development well group conceptual design, water filling, profile control and water plugging conceptual design, remaining oil distribution etc..Therefore, the explanation of tomography seems most important.
The geological data recognition methods of tomography currently mainly has following several: 1, section manual interpretation, bad break according to earthquake reflected wave axle in the same direction, number increase and decrease, shape sudden change, in the same direction axle bifurcated, merge, distort, strong phase conversion, diffracted wave, the phenomenon identification tomography such as appearance (continental rise the Meng, " PRINCIPLE OF SEISMIC PROSPECTING WITH ") of section ripple.2, Computer assisted identification, use coherence analysis, divide data, utilize three-dimensional visualization interpretation software, such as LandMark, GeoFrame etc., at three dimensions, the means such as isochronous surface, horizon slice of employing, assist in identifying tomography, judge the bearing of trend of tomography.3, Computer Automatic Recognition, uses some algorithm, and such as Formica fusca tracking, tomography strengthen, and fault information are extracted, then extract fault information by software approach, and artificial combination and correction, complete fault interpretation the most again.
In above method, 1, section manual interpretation method, be apply the earliest, a kind of most popular seismic data fault interpretation method.But this method is for the empirical requirement explaining personnel is the highest, efficiency is low, the explanation results diversity that different explanation personnel obtain is very big, and almost None-identified micro-small fault on seismic profile.2, Method of Computer Aided Recognition, can be effectively improved fault interpretation efficiency, improves the correctness of fault combination, but identifies that craven fault difficulty is bigger.Existing frequency dividing auxiliary fault interpretation method, is to explain in frequency domain, has that identification difficulty is high, cannot automatically identify, be only capable of manually experience identification, and too big with Conventional Time section difference, the problem that fault recognizing operation easier is big.Traditional fault interpretation based on coherent data volumes generally uses the original earthquake data of full frequency band and carries out coherence analysis, the geological phenomenon of different scale mixes, easily cover small geologic feature, analysis method generally uses constant time slice, and nearly all commercial seismic interpretation software the most do not supports to carry out fault interpretation on strata slicing or layer position are cut into slices, this means of interpretation easily causes the identification affecting micro-small fault because of structural relief.3, computer automatic identification method, fault interpretation efficiency can be greatly improved, but fault combination difficulty is bigger, the craven fault sheet needing artificial carefully examination computer to identify, then completes combination, for the work area that seismic data quality is the highest, the suitability is poor, and owing to the craven fault sheet that identifies is too many, difficulty is distinguished for craven fault the highest, be almost difficulty with.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the craven fault acquisition methods that a kind of seismotectonics is explained, solve the problem that current means of interpretation differs greatly with practical condition, the exploitation for oil field provides foundation.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The craven fault acquisition methods that a kind of seismotectonics is explained, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
A () carries out spectrum analysis to geological data, it is thus achieved that the spectral range of geological data;
B () uses generalized S-transform to carry out spectral decomposition, the spectral range obtained according to step (a) determines the parameter of frequency dividing;
C (), according to the frequency division parameter obtained in step (b), by frequency domain data inverse transformation to time domain, obtains high, medium and low frequency band-limited time domain frequency dividing seismic data cube;
D the band-limited time domain frequency dividing seismic data cube of () high, medium and low frequency to obtaining in (c) uses coherent method to carry out high-resolution coherence analysis, obtain the coherent body of different frequency range data volume;
E the coherent body of different frequency ranges is carried out strata slicing by (), on each strata slicing of the coherent body of different frequency range, identify the planar distribution situation of tomography, draw fault line according to the feature of relevant strata slicing;
F () opposite position on the seismic profile of the frequency dividing seismic data cube of corresponding frequency band finds the projected position of fault line drawn by step (e), combine the feature of frequency division section according to this position, explain tomography extension spread situation on time section.
Described step (a) carries out spectrum analysis to geological data, it is thus achieved that the spectral range of geological data, and obtained is the dominant frequency scope of geological data.Dominant frequency range of activity substantially reflects architectonic characteristic, uses dominant frequency scope to explain as baseband signal, can accurately obtain the information of tomography.
Described step (b) uses generalized S-transform to carry out spectral decomposition, and the spectral range obtained according to step (a) determines the parameter of frequency dividing, and detailed process is such that
(b1) scope (A, the B) Hz of effective frequency range is decomposited in step (a).;
(b2) the logarithm step-length of the natural logrithm of crossover frequency is determined: (1n (B) ln (A))/4;
(b3) calculating mid frequency and the frequency range of each frequency range, the calculation of mid frequency is: A+ exp (n* (1n (B) ln (A))/4)), which mid frequency n is, value is 0,1,2,3,4, the computing formula of frequency range is: exp (n* (1n (B) ln (A))/4))-exp ((n-1) * (1n (B) ln (A))/4)), n value is 1,2,3,4, thus obtain center frequency value f0, f1, f2, f3, f4 and frequency range value B0, B1, B2, B3, B4;
(b4) frequency domain data that generalized S-transform is obtained, each band limits using (b3) to obtain carries out bandpass filtering respectively, obtain the frequency domain data body of each frequency range, then broad sense S inverse transformation is used, the frequency domain data body of each frequency range is transformed into time domain, obtains the time domain frequency dividing data volume of each frequency range.
The present invention determines the parameter of frequency dividing according to the spectral range of geological data, initial crossover frequency takes the low value of effective frequency range, generally take 10Hz as an initial value, the step-length of crossover frequency uses logarithm octave incremental mode, the i.e. interval of frequency natural logrithm value is equal, and frequency range is the width of logarithm octave, the most both can guarantee that the complete utilization of signal, efficiency can be improved again, also can retain and primary signal comparability simultaneously.
Described step (c) is according to the frequency division parameter obtained in step (b), by frequency domain data inverse transformation to time domain, obtains high, medium and low frequency band-limited time domain frequency dividing seismic data cube, and detailed process is such that
The center frequency value obtained according to (b3) and frequency range value, according to such as lower frequency range: (f0 B0/2, f0+B0/2), (f1 B1/2, f1+B1/2), (f2 B2/2, f2+B2/2), (f3 B3/2, f3+B3/2), (f4 B4/2, f4+B4/2), the frequency domain data obtaining generalized S-transform carries out bandpass filtering, obtain the frequency domain data body F0 of each frequency range, F1, F2, F3, F4, again the frequency domain data body of these frequency-division sections is carried out broad sense S inverse transformation, obtain the frequency-division section geological data T0 of time domain, T1, T2, T3, T4.
The high, medium and low frequency division frequency seismic data cube obtained is used coherent method to carry out high-resolution coherence analysis by described step (d), obtains the coherent body of different frequency range data volume, is to use the mode of decile to cut into slices between two seismic horizons.The present invention uses strata slicing to be advantageous in that, can recognize that micro-small fault, and do not affected by structural relief, and traditional method uses isochronous surface when carrying out fault interpretation, craven fault information can be submerged in structural relief information, on each strata slicing of the coherent body of different frequency range, identify the planar distribution situation of tomography, draw fault line.
The described step (f) opposite position on the seismic profile of the frequency dividing seismic data cube of corresponding frequency band extracts strata slicing and explains the fault line of projection, explain tomography extension spread situation on time section, it is on each strata slicing of the coherent body of different frequency range, identify the planar distribution situation of tomography, draw fault line.
The present invention compared with prior art, has such advantages as and beneficial effect:
The craven fault acquisition methods that a kind of seismotectonics of the present invention is explained, it is possible to complete the Fine structural interpretation of tomography, and can very well identify micro-small fault;Compared with existing spectral decomposition auxiliary fault interpretation method, the present invention stills remain in time domain and explains, can relative analysis with original seismic profile, simple to operate, easy, and can use the supplementary meanss such as coherence analysis that the frequency dividing data volume of time domain is analyzed again, auxiliary obtains fault information automatically;What the seismic signal of different frequency range reflected is the response characteristic of the geologic body of different scale, use the spectral decomposition method of generalized S-transform, compare other spectral decomposition algorithms, concrete higher resolution capability, the mode of logarithm octave increment is used to carry out spectral decomposition in geological data frequency band range, the seismic data cube of whole bandwidth can be covered with minimum number of frequency bands, neither lose useful information, workload can be reduced again, improve work efficiency;The frequency dividing seismic data cube using different frequency range carries out coherence analysis, the response characteristic of the tomography of different scale can be obtained, what the data volume of low-frequency range reflected is the geological information of large scale, can be used to explain major fault, what the data volume of high band reflected is the geological information of little yardstick, can be used to identify micro-small fault;The mode using strata slicing carries out coherent body fault plane identification, it is possible to eliminate the craven fault information loss that structure reason causes, and is more beneficial for identifying micro-small fault;The section of the frequency dividing seismic data cube of different frequency range explains tomography, it is possible to identify the fault information of different scale, be more beneficial for the explanation of craven fault.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing being further appreciated by the embodiment of the present invention, constitutes the part of the application, is not intended that the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is Iraq Ai Hadaibu oil field three-dimensional geological data spectrum analysis figure in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is geological data frequency dividing logarithm octave frequency range schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is Ai Hadaibu oil field in800 survey line 10Hz frequency dividing seismic time territory section in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is Ai Hadaibu oil field in800 survey line 16Hz frequency dividing seismic time territory section in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is Ai Hadaibu oil field in800 survey line 28Hz frequency dividing seismic time territory section in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is Ai Hadaibu oil field in800 survey line 47Hz frequency dividing seismic time territory section in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is Ai Hadaibu oil field in800 survey line 80Hz frequency dividing seismic time territory section in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is Ai Hadaibu oil field in800 survey line full frequency band seismic time territory section in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is Ai Hadaibu oil field 10Hz frequency dividing geological data stratum coherence slice in the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 10 is Ai Hadaibu oil field 16Hz frequency dividing geological data stratum coherence slice in the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 11 is Ai Hadaibu oil field 28Hz frequency dividing geological data stratum coherence slice in the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 12 is Ai Hadaibu oil field 47Hz frequency dividing geological data stratum coherence slice in the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 13 is Ai Hadaibu oil field 80Hz frequency dividing geological data stratum coherence slice in the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 14 is Ai Hadaibu oil field Whole frequency band geological data stratum coherence slice in the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 15 is Ai Hadaibu oil field inline445 survey line 3-D seismics frequency dividing 80Hz seismic time territory section in the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 16 is Ai Hadaibu oil field inline445 survey line 3-D seismics original earthquake time domain section in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, and the exemplary embodiment of the present invention and explanation thereof are only used for explaining the present invention, not as a limitation of the invention.
Embodiment
The craven fault acquisition methods that a kind of seismotectonics of the present invention is explained, as a example by the geological data in Iraq Ai Hadaibu oil field, in order to obtain the explanation information of craven fault, employing following steps:
A () carries out spectrum analysis to geological data, it is thus achieved that the spectral range of geological data, as shown in Figure 1, by spectrum analysis, obtains the spectrum distribution scope in Iraq Ai Hadaibu oil field, and dominant frequency scope is about 10-55Hz;
(b1) band limits of geological data is 0-90Hz as shown in Figure 2, decomposites scope (10, the 80) Hz of effective frequency range in step (a).;
(b2) the logarithm step-length of the natural logrithm of crossover frequency is determined: (1n (80) ln (10))/4;
(b3) mid frequency calculating each frequency range is 10Hz, 16Hz, 28Hz, 47Hz, 80Hz, and frequency range takes 6Hz, 6Hz, 12Hz, 19Hz, 33Hz respectively;The frequency domain data obtained by generalized S-transform carries out broad sense S inverse transformation according to band limits 7-13Hz, 13-19Hz, 22-34Hz, 37-57Hz, 63-97Hz, obtains the frequency-division section geological data of time domain.If Fig. 3 is to the time domain profile of the Iraq's Ai Hadaibu oil field three-dimensional frequency dividing geological data shown in 8, can be seen that the method using logarithm octave, the spectrum fragmentation of low-frequency range is more dense, frequency band is narrower, this is because effectively seismic signal is largely focused on low-frequency range, 4th frequency band is then distributed in the center bin of initial data, higher similarity is had with primary signal, most of feature of primary signal can be represented, high band energy is more weak, and narrow-band high frequency section seismic signal practical significance is little, thus frequency band range wider be the most rational;
C the high, medium and low frequency division frequency time domain seismic data cube obtained is used coherent method to carry out high-resolution coherence analysis by (), obtain the coherent body of different frequency range data volume;The coherent body data of different frequency range are carried out interlayer cut into slices at equal intervals, between i.e. two seismic horizons, use the mode of decile to cut into slices, use strata slicing to be advantageous in that, it is possible to identify micro-small fault, and do not affected by structural relief.On each strata slicing of the coherent body of different frequency range, identify the planar distribution situation of tomography, draw fault line;If Fig. 9 is to shown in 14 being the strata slicing figure after using each frequency dividing seismic data cube and original earthquake data body to calculate coherent body, contrast by the relevant stratum slice map of each frequency range, can very easily identify the craven fault difference in each frequency range, on 80Hz coherence map, faulting response feature in red elliptic circle is very clear, responds the most obvious on other frequency ranges or full frequency band are concerned with strata slicing;And the large scale tomography in blue oval circle all has in other frequency ranges and responds the most clearly;
D () opposite position on the seismic profile of the frequency dividing seismic data cube of corresponding frequency band extracts strata slicing and explains the fault line of projection, explain tomography extension spread situation on time section;If Figure 15 to 16 is the fault interpretation comparison diagram of 80Hz frequency dividing seismic profile and original seismic profile, as can be seen from the figure, use frequency dividing seismic profile interpretation tomography more much lower than the difficulty using original seismic profile, although the position of comparison 80Hz frequency dividing seismic profile can indistinctly identify the position of craven fault on original seismic profile, rely solely on original seismic profile and almost cannot complete this interpretation of small faults.
Above-described detailed description of the invention; the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; it is it should be understood that; the foregoing is only the detailed description of the invention of the present invention; the protection domain being not intended to limit the present invention; all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. done, should be included within the scope of the present invention.