CN104267265B - Evaluating system and method based on radio astronomical instrument device electromagnetic radiation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an evaluating system and method based on radio astronomical instrument device electromagnetic radiation. The evaluating system comprises a microwave switch, a receiving antenna, a reference noise source, a signal source and an emitting antenna, wherein two normally-open contacts are arranged at one end of the microwave switch, the other end of the microwave switch is connected to a spectrometer through a pre-amplifier, the spectrometer is connected with a computer, the receiving antenna is connected to one normally-open contact of the microwave switch, the standard noise source is connected to the other normally-open contact of the microwave switch, the signal source is connected to the computer through the network, and the emitting antenna is connected to the output end of the signal source through a radio frequency cable. According to the system and method, by means of the technical index and observation requirements of a radio astronomical observation system, radio astronomical instrument device radiated emission is tested and evaluated, the influence of radio astronomical instrument device radiated emission on a radio telescope is analyzed, so that reference is provided for compatibility design, shielding design and site radio management of the radio astronomical observation system, and the engineering significance is high.

Description

A kind of assessment system based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation and method

Technical field

The present invention relates to Electromagnetic Interference Test in electromagnetic compatibility technology, assessment technology, more particularly, to a kind of it is based on radio The assessment system of astronomical instrument installation electromagnetical radiation and method.

Background technology

Specify in China national military standard GJB72-85, Electro Magnetic Compatibility refers to electronics, electrical equipment or system in expected electricity The ability of design requirement normal work is pressed, what it reflected is equipment or system bears the normal work of energy during electromagnetic disturbance in magnetic environment Make, produce the ability of the electromagnetic disturbance exceeding prescribed limits simultaneously and not.Electro Magnetic Compatibility is the important performance of equipment or system Index, is also the task performance of safeguards system and the key factor improving system reliability.

Heavy caliber single antenna radio telescope has high system sensitivity, and electricity in system, between system and platform location Sub- equipment is from many.With High-Frenquency Electronic Technology, the development of high-speed figure treatment technology and application, digital receiver, digital terminal, The construction of business machine, electrical equipment and platform location optical observation equipment is so that platform location electromagnetic environment becomes particularly complicated.Radio is hoped Remote mirror completes reception and the data processing of data by antenna, feed, receiver, Transmission system, data processing terminal etc., wherein Antenna, feed, Transmission system are the weak link of system, are vulnerable to the impact of extraneous electronic equipment radiation-emitting signal；In addition, Coexisted in radio telescope system antenna driving system, change feedback system, data processing terminal, control and monitoring system and other Electrical equipment etc., the electromagnetic radiation of these equipment enters reception system easily by antenna sidelobe, thus reducing system letter Make an uproar ratio.

The intensity of Radio frequency interference (radio frequency interference, RFI) and spectral density can make observation Result is affected so that losing use value by Radio frequency interference deeply.Especially, (connected using the observation that single antenna radio telescope is carried out Continuous spectrum or spectrum) it is vulnerable to the impact of interference most, its reason is：The increase of the time of integration improves telescope to astronomical signal Sensitivity, but also equally improve its sensitivity to Radio Frequency Interfere.

As can be seen here, radio astronomy observation system has high sensitivity, and observation system in or system between electromagnetism and Appearance problem can affect the performance of this system, reduce system signal noise ratio, electronic equipment radiation-emitting simultaneously, and that is, Radio frequency interference is not only Some observations or the quality of specific observation type can be affected, but also the overall efficiency of radio astronomy system can be limited, increase Observation time and the complexity of processing data.Therefore, for radio observatory location instrument and equipment radiation-emitting to radio astronomy The impact of observation carries out rapid evaluation, thus for the design of radio telescope system EMC, shielding design, platform location radio Management provides important evidence, has important engineering significance.

In the prior art, judge whether the transmitting of astronomical instrument radiation of equipment meets standard, need to carry out electromagnetic interference survey Examination；The most frequently used experimental technique of Electromagnetic Interference Test is to use anechoic chamber, at present.Although however, anechoic chamber, can be isolated outward The bad electromagnetic environment in boundary, simulation open area test site test, but its cost is high, and test result can not be directly used in assessment and survey The impact to radio astronomy observation system for the examination radiation of equipment transmitting.

It is additionally, since other field electromagnetic compatibility test, with standard noise source, test system is not calibrated, And generally using test and theoretical calculation system gain, i.e. whether test result is exceeded according to relevant criterion valuator device, so Increase the uncertainty of test, therefore, the above-mentioned index for other field electromagnetic compatibility test system and reliability are equal Poor.

Domestic development for radio astronomy RFI measuring technology comes from FAST engineering (Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio telescope peoject, 500 meters of bore spherical radio telescope engineerings) project Promote, early stage FSAT project predevelopment phase, the Guizhou radio committee has carried out measurement of electromagnetic environment for FSAT platform location, passes through International exchange, the Guizhou technical staff that no entrusts learns to SKA addressing RFI test and data processing method, such as document from SKA expert group " radio astronomy station electromagnetic environment measuring method and analysis " test and analysis method come from R.Ambrosini in 2003 etc. and write SKA (Square kilometer array, square kilometer array) the addressing RFI test protocol write, this agreement is directed to science mesh Mark and technical need give the requirement of RFI Design of Test System, test pattern and data processing method, and this method of testing is to be directed to Radio observatory location wave environments are tested and data processing.But this method of testing is used only for wave environments test, and For the transmitting of radio observatory location single instrument radio radiation, correlation is not but provided to the impact evaluation of radio astronomy service Appraisal procedure.

In addition, FCC's FCC15-109Class A＆Class B standard is entrusted with international wireless electrical interference Member CISPR11＆CISPR22 standard can give the maximum radiated power limit that the radiation devices such as consumer electronics allow.These marks Accurate wide with ratio, give the radiation-emitting electric-field intensity limit value being devices under given distance, radiation test in standard Generally tested in microwave dark room, these standards do not provide radio astronomy observation system feed aperture interference level limit Value, therefore, it is impossible to impact radio astronomy observed for assessment radio astronomy instrument and equipment radiation-emitting provides foundation.

And International Telecommunication Union (International Telecommunication Union, ITU) is directed to radio astronomy Instrument and equipment sensitivity and different observation mode require, and have formulated ITU-R RA.769 recommendation, this recommendation is according to radio sky The spectral bandwidth of literary composition distribution, the time of integration is 2000s, is given continuous at radio astronomy observation system feed aperture by calculating Spectrum observation is higher than 13MHz, the armful traffic density maximum higher than 327MHz for the spectral line observation；But this recommendation is only for universal Radio telescope, and the tasks of science of different bore radio telescope and technical indicator are different, therefore look in the distance for different radio At mirror technical indicator and scientific requirement calculating feed aperture, interference level limit value is more meaningful.

In sum, due to scientifically and rationally assessing radio astronomy instrument and equipment radiation characteristic for radio telescope electromagnetism Compatibility Transformation and system EMC design have important directive significance, therefore, need a kind of being based on of exploitation at present badly and penetrate The appraisal procedure of electric astronomical instrument installation electromagnetical radiation and system, to ensure task performance and the raising of radio astronomy observation system System reliability.

Content of the invention

In order to solve the problems, such as above-mentioned prior art, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of be based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment The assessment system of electromagnetic radiation and method, are quickly surveyed with the instrument and equipment radiation-emitting for different radio observatory locations Examination, analysis with assessment, thus obtaining the influence degree to radio astronomy observation system for the instrument and equipment radiation-emitting, and for for The instrument and equipment that radio astronomy observation system produces impact provides shielding demand, and then ensures the work of radio astronomy observation system Efficiency and raising system reliability.

A kind of assessment system based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation described in one of present invention, it includes：

One microwave switch, its one end is two normally opened contacts, and its other end is connected to a frequency spectrum by a preamplifier Instrument；

Described frequency spectrograph is connected with a computer；

One reception antenna connecting a described normally opened contact to described microwave switch；

One standard noise source connecting another the described normally opened contact to described microwave switch；

One passes through network connection to the signal source of described computer；And

One is connected by RF cable to the transmitting antenna of described signal source output terminal；

Wherein, described computer includes：

System calibration module, its be used for the two ends of described standard noise source respectively with described preamplifier and described After frequency spectrograph connects, control described frequency spectrograph frequency sweep, and acquisition system noise and system gain are calculated using Y factor method；

Electromagnetic Interference Test module, it is used for being connected with described preamplifier in described reception antenna and arranging neighbouring outer After the instrument and equipment to be assessed enclosing, control described frequency spectrograph frequency sweep to obtain the radiation-emitting frequency of described instrument and equipment to be assessed Spectrum, and this radiation-emitting frequency spectrum is carried out with data calibration to obtain radiant power at test Antenna aperture；

Interference level limit value computing module, it is used for according to given antenna noise temperature, described system noise and pre- If the resolution bandwidth of described frequency spectrograph and the time of integration, calculate obtain feed telescope actinal surface interference level limit Value, and according to the given radio telescope angle of pitch, described equipment to be assessed to feed telescope aperture centre and ground The horizontal range of projection and described equipment to be assessed, to the vertical range of feed telescope aperture centre, calculate acquisition and penetrate Radiotelescope side lobe gain, by described feed telescope actinal surface interference level limit value and described radio telescope Lobe gain, calculates and obtains the interference level limit value that described instrument and equipment to be assessed reaches feed telescope actinal surface；

Path attenuation measurement module, it is used for described to be assessed instrument and equipment neighbouring in the setting of described transmitting antenna, and institute After stating the feed telescope actinal surface of the neighbouring periphery of reception antenna setting, control described signal source outputting standard signal for institute State reception antenna to receive, and control described frequency spectrograph frequency sweep, obtain described standard signal arrival feed telescope to calculate Electromagnetic wave path attenuation at actinal surface；

Radiation-emitting evaluation module, it is used for reaching feed telescope actinal surface according to described instrument and equipment to be assessed Interference level limit value and electromagnetic wave path attenuation, calculate and obtain instrument and equipment radiated transmission power limit value, and compare this instrument Radiation of equipment transmission power limit value and the described size testing radiant power at Antenna aperture, if spoke at described test Antenna aperture Penetrate power and be less than described instrument and equipment radiated transmission power limit value, be then evaluated as the radiation-emitting pair of described instrument and equipment to be assessed Radio astronomy observation does not affect, conversely, the radiation-emitting being then evaluated as described instrument and equipment to be assessed is observed to radio astronomy Produce impact, and export corresponding instrument and equipment shielding demand.

In the above-mentioned assessment system based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation, described microwave switch passes through radio frequency Cable is connected with the input of described preamplifier.

In the above-mentioned assessment system based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation, described frequency spectrograph passes through general connecing Mouth bus card is connected with described computer.

In the above-mentioned assessment system based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation, described computer also includes a number According to storehouse, it is used for storing described system noise, system gain, radiation-emitting frequency spectrum, radiant power at test Antenna aperture, to be evaluated Interference level limit value, electromagnetic wave path attenuation and the described shielding of estimating instrument and equipment arrival feed telescope actinal surface need Ask.

In the above-mentioned assessment system based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation, described computer also include one with The data management module that described database connects, it is used for showing, searches and/described the database of deletion in data.

A kind of appraisal procedure based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation described in the two of the present invention, it includes following Step：

Preparation process, provide as described in any one in claim 1-5 based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetism spoke The assessment system penetrated；

System calibration step, switch described microwave switch by the two ends of described standard noise source respectively with described preposition amplification Device and described frequency spectrograph connect, and control described frequency spectrograph frequency sweep by described system calibration module, and are calculated using Y factor method Obtain system noise and system gain；

Radiation emission test step, is switched described microwave switch and is connected described reception antenna with described preamplifier, And the instrument and equipment to be assessed by neighbouring for the setting of described reception antenna periphery, controlled described by described Electromagnetic Interference Test module Frequency spectrograph frequency sweep is to obtain the radiation-emitting frequency spectrum of described instrument and equipment to be assessed, and carries out data school to this radiation-emitting frequency spectrum Standard is to obtain radiant power at test Antenna aperture；

Instrument and equipment to be assessed reaches the interference level limit value calculation procedure of feed telescope actinal surface, described interference electricity Flat limit value computing module is according to the resolution bandwidth of given antenna noise temperature, described system noise and default frequency spectrograph And the time of integration, calculate and obtain feed telescope actinal surface interference level limit value, and bowed according to given radio telescope The elevation angle, the horizontal range of described equipment to be assessed to feed telescope aperture centre and floor projection and described to be assessed Equipment, to the vertical range of feed telescope aperture centre, calculates and obtains radio telescope side lobe gain, further according to described Feed telescope actinal surface interference level limit value and described radio telescope side lobe gain, calculate and obtain described instrument to be assessed Device equipment reaches the interference level limit value of feed telescope actinal surface；

Electromagnetic wave path attenuation testing procedure, by neighbouring for the setting of described transmitting antenna described instrument and equipment to be assessed, and will Described reception antenna setting, adjacent to feed telescope actinal surface, controls described signal source by described path attenuation measurement module Outputting standard signal receives for described reception antenna, and controls described frequency spectrograph frequency sweep, obtains described standard signal to calculate Reach the electromagnetic wave path attenuation at feed telescope actinal surface；

Instrument and equipment radiation-emitting appraisal procedure, described radiation-emitting evaluation module arrives according to described instrument and equipment to be assessed Reach interference level limit value and the electromagnetic wave path attenuation of feed telescope actinal surface, calculate and obtain instrument and equipment radiation-emitting Power limit, and compare this instrument and equipment radiated transmission power limit value and the described size testing radiant power at Antenna aperture, If radiant power is less than described instrument and equipment radiated transmission power limit value at described test Antenna aperture, it is evaluated as described to be evaluated The radiation-emitting estimating instrument and equipment does not affect on radio astronomy observation, conversely, being then evaluated as described instrument and equipment to be assessed Radiation-emitting produces impact to radio astronomy observation, and exports corresponding instrument and equipment shielding demand.

In the above-mentioned appraisal procedure based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation, described system calibration step bag Include：

According to default calibration test bandwidth and calibration resolution bandwidth arrange described frequency spectrograph calibration initial frequency, Calibration sweeping steps, and mark the test frequency point of described frequency spectrograph；

Control the on off state of described standard noise source by described system calibration module, and control described frequency spectrograph respectively Gather under the open and close state of described standard noise source, performance number P corresponding to test frequency point of mark_onAnd P_off；

Described system calibration module calculates according to below equation and obtains described system noise T_RWith system gain G_S, and should System noise T_RWith system gain G_SIt is stored in described database：

Y=P_on/P_off(1),

NF=ENR-10log₁₀(Y-1)+10log₁₀(T₀/T_off) (2),

T_R=T₀(NF-1) (3),

T_on=T₀ENR+T_off(4),

G_S=P_on-10log₁₀(T_on+T_R)-10log₁₀(B)-10log₁₀(K) -30 (5),

Wherein, NF is system noise factor, and ENR is that the super of described standard noise source prestoring in the database is made an uproar Ratio T₀For normal temperature, T_offFor closing temperature during described standard noise source, T_onFor opening temperature during described standard noise source Degree, B is described calibration resolution bandwidth, and K is Boltzmann constant.

In the above-mentioned appraisal procedure based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation, described radiation emission test step Including：

The initial frequency of described frequency spectrograph, frequency sweep step are arranged according to default test bandwidth, the time of integration, resolution bandwidth Long；

By, in described Electromagnetic Interference Test module test environment of all electronic equipments around closing, treating described in control The on off state of assessment instrument and equipment, and control described frequency spectrograph to gather environment when closing described instrument and equipment to be assessed respectively Frequency spectrum and open described radiation-emitting frequency spectrum P during described instrument and equipment to be assessed_A, and by this radiation-emitting frequency spectrum P_AIt is stored in Described database；

By contrasting described environment frequency spectrum and described radiation-emitting frequency spectrum, to obtain radiation-emitting spectral characteristic；

By described Electromagnetic Interference Test module according to described default resolution bandwidth to prestoring in the database Described reception antenna receiving antenna gain G_A, described system gain G_SCarry out linear interpolation, and be based on this receiving antenna gain G_AAnd system gain G_STo described radiation-emitting frequency spectrum P_ACarry out data calibration, thus described test is obtained according to below equation Radiant power P at Antenna aperture, and radiant power P at this test Antenna aperture is stored in described database：

P=P_A-G_S-G_A(6).

In the above-mentioned appraisal procedure based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation, described instrument and equipment to be assessed arrives The interference level limit value calculation procedure reaching feed telescope actinal surface includes：

Described interference level limit value computing module is according to given described antenna noise temperature T_A, described system noise T_RWith And the resolution bandwidth B and time of integration τ of default described frequency spectrograph, calculated according to below equation and obtain described radio telescope Feed aperture interference level limit value L_T1：

$L_{T1}=0.1\×K\×B\×(T_A+T_R)/\sqrt{\mathrm{B\τ}}---\left(7\right),$

Wherein, K is Boltzmann constant；

Described interference level limit value computing module is according to the given radio telescope angle of pitchDescribed equipment to be assessed Horizontal range L to feed telescope aperture centre and floor projection_dAnd described equipment to be assessed is to radio telescope Vertical range H at feed aperture center, calculates according to below equation and obtains radio telescope side lobe gain G (Φ)：

$G\left(\mathrm{\Φ}\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}32-25\log \left(\mathrm{\Φ}\right)& 1\≤\mathrm{\Φ}\≤48\\ -10& 48\≤\mathrm{\Φ}\≤80\\ -5& 80\≤\mathrm{\Φ}\≤120\\ -10& 120\≤\mathrm{\Φ}\≤180\end{array}\right.---\left(9\right),$

Wherein, Φ is the angle that instrument and equipment to be assessed deviates radio telescope main beam axis；

Described interference level limit value computing module is according to described feed telescope actinal surface interference level limit value L_T1And Described radio telescope side lobe gain G (Φ), calculates according to below equation and obtains described instrument and equipment arrival radio prestige to be assessed The interference level limit value L of remote mirror feed aperture_T：

L_T=L_T1-G(Φ) (10)；

Described interference level limit value computing module is according to the described resolution bandwidth pair in described radiation emission test step Described instrument and equipment to be assessed reaches the interference level limit value L of feed telescope actinal surface_TCarry out linear interpolation, and this is treated Assessment instrument and equipment reaches the interference level limit value L of feed telescope actinal surface_TIt is stored in described database.

In the above-mentioned appraisal procedure based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation, described electromagnetic wave path attenuation is surveyed Try includes suddenly：

By the signal frequency of the described standard signal of described path attenuation measurement module setting described signal source output and Signal amplitude；

Arrange and mark the scanning frequency of described frequency spectrograph according to default test bandwidth, sweep time, resolution bandwidth, And this scanning frequency is mated with the signal frequency of described standard signal；

Described signal source is controlled to export described standard signal by described path attenuation measurement module, so that described reception sky Line receives the signal that this transmitting antenna sends, and controls the performance number corresponding to scanning frequency of described frequency spectrograph collection mark P_R；

Described path attenuation measurement module calculates described electromagnetic wave path attenuation S according to below equation_P：

S_P=P_R-G_S-G_A-P_T+C_A-G_AT(11),

Wherein, G_SFor described system gain, G_AReception antenna for the described reception antenna in the database that prestores increases Benefit, P_TFor the signal amplitude of described standard signal, C_AFor prestoring between described signal source in the database and transmitting antenna The Insertion Loss of the RF cable connecting, G_ATGain for the described transmitting antenna in the database that prestores；

Described path attenuation measurement module is according to the described resolution bandwidth in described radiation emission test step to described Electromagnetic wave path attenuation S_PCarry out linear interpolation, and by this electromagnetic wave path attenuation S_PIt is stored in described database.

In the above-mentioned appraisal procedure based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation, described electromagnetic wave path attenuation is surveyed Try also includes suddenly：

The signal frequency being provided with described standard signal and signal amplitude and described frequency spectrograph scanning frequency it Afterwards, described signal source and described frequency spectrograph are connected by RF cable, and compare standard signal and the institute of described signal source output State the difference of the signal of frequency spectrograph reception, if this difference is within ± 1dB, proceed described electromagnetic wave path attenuation test Step, otherwise, if being unsatisfactory for, resets signal frequency and/or signal amplitude and/or the described frequency spectrograph of described standard signal Scanning frequency.

In the above-mentioned appraisal procedure based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation, described instrument and equipment radiation-emitting Appraisal procedure includes：

Described radiation-emitting evaluation module calculates according to below equation and obtains described instrument and equipment radiated transmission power limit value L：

L=L_T-S_P-3dB (12)；

Wherein, L_TReach the interference level limit value of feed telescope actinal surface, S for described instrument and equipment to be assessed_PFor institute State electromagnetic wave path attenuation, 3dB is uncertainty of measurement；

Described radiation-emitting evaluation module shields demand SE according to the below equation described instrument and equipment of output, and by this instrument Device mask demand SE is stored in described database：

SE=P-L (13).

Due to employing above-mentioned technical solution, the present invention first, uses standard noise source to survey based on Y factor method Test system is calibrated, computing system noise and system gain；Secondly, with electromagnetic interference measurement, EMI measurement technology, by reception antenna The electromagnetic wave of receiving instrument radiation of equipment transmitting, and data processing is carried out to instrument and equipment radiation-emitting frequency spectrum, to obtain test Radiant power at Antenna aperture；Then, according to radio telescope technical indicator and observation mode (as antenna noise temperature, system Noise, resolution bandwidth and time of integration etc.) calculate feed telescope actinal surface interference level limit value；Then, control letter Number source output signal, and by transmitting antenna to feed telescope direction transmission signal, and in feed telescope mouth Highly sensitive reception antenna etc. is installed at face, reaches the electromagnetic wave path attenuation at feed aperture to calculate standard signal；? Afterwards, based on above-mentioned interference level limit value and path attenuation computing equipment radiation of equipment transmission power limit value, and set based on this instrument Radiant power (that is, the instrument and equipment radiation-emitting frequency spectrum after calibration) at standby radiated transmission power limit value and test Antenna aperture, Assessment instrument and equipment radiation-emitting observes impact to radio telescope, and provides corresponding instrument and equipment shielding demand.To sum up, originally Invention combines radio astronomy observation system technical indicator and observation requirementses, by carrying out to radio astronomy instrument and equipment radiation-emitting Test and assessment, the impact to radio telescope for the analysis Instrument equipment radiation-emitting, thus the electricity for radio astronomy observation system Magnetic Design of Compatibility, shielding design, the radio control of platform location provide reference frame, have important engineering significance.

Brief description

Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of the assessment system based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation of one of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is the internal structure block diagram of one of present invention Computer；

Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart when carrying out system calibration for one of the present invention；

Fig. 4 is the flow chart of the appraisal procedure based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation of the two of the present invention；

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the angle that instrument and equipment to be assessed deviates radio telescope main beam axis.

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, provide presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, and be described in detail.

As shown in figure 1, one of present invention, i.e. a kind of assessment system based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation, bag Include：Reception antenna 1, microwave switch 2, preamplifier 3, frequency spectrograph 4, standard noise source 5, computer 6, transmitting antenna 8 and Signal source 9.

Microwave switch 2 switches switch for two-way, i.e. one end of microwave switch 2 is two normally opened contacts；Reception antenna 1 with One normally opened contact of microwave switch 2 connects, and standard noise source 5 is connected with another normally opened contact of microwave switch 2, and microwave is opened The other end of pass 2 is connected with the input of preamplifier 3 (in the present embodiment for low-noise amplifier) by RF cable, The output end of preamplifier 3 is connected with the 28V direct current supply interface of frequency spectrograph 4, and frequency spectrograph 4 passes through general purpose interface bus card 7 (General-Purpose Interface Bus, hereinafter referred to as GPIB card) is connected with computer 6；Signal source 9 is connect by netting twine Enter LAN 10 (LAN) 11, and communicated to connect with computer 6 by this LAN 10, thus being controlled by this computer 6 This signal source 9 outputting standard signal, so that be connected to the transmitting antenna 8 transmitting mark of this signal source 9 output end by RF cable Calibration signal, receives for reception antenna 1.

In above-mentioned assessment system, make reception antenna 1 and preamplifier 3 when the position of the switch of microwave switch 2 switches to Between formed path when, this reception antenna 1, microwave switch 2, preamplifier 3, frequency spectrograph 4, GPIB card 7 and 6 groups of computer Become the Electromagnetic Interference Test subsystem being used for carrying out instrument and equipment radiation emission test (that is, Electromagnetic Interference Test)；When microwave is opened The position of the switch of pass 2 switches to when making to form path between standard noise source 5 and preamplifier 3, realizes above-mentioned electromagnetism is done Disturb the calibration of test subsystems.As can be seen here, instrument and equipment radiation be can achieve by the switching of the position of the switch to microwave switch 2 The automatic switchover that transmitting test is calibrated with Electromagnetic Interference Test subsystem.

As shown in Fig. 2 specifically including inside computer 6：System calibration module 61, Electromagnetic Interference Test module 62, interference Level limit value computing module 63, path attenuation measurement module 64, radiation-emitting evaluation module 65, database 66 data management mould Block 67；The concrete function of these modules 61 will illustrate in detail below.

With reference to the operation principle to above-mentioned assessment system for the Fig. 4, i.e. the two of the present invention are set based on radio astronomy instrument The appraisal procedure of standby electromagnetic radiation, describes in detail.

The appraisal procedure of the present invention comprises the following steps：

The first step, system calibration, specifically include：

First, by switching microwave switch 2, standard noise source 5 is replaced reception antenna 1 access system, and this standard noise The other end in source 5 accesses 28V direct current supply interface (as shown in Figure 3) of frequency spectrograph 4；

Then, set according to default calibration test bandwidth and calibration sampled point interval width (i.e. calibration resolution bandwidth) Put calibration initial frequency, the calibration sweeping steps of frequency spectrograph 4, for example, setting directly can be selected on frequency spectrograph 4：Calibration is differentiated Rate bandwidth：3MHz；Video resolution bandwidth：10MHz；Calibration test bandwidth：1KHz；Sweep time：200 milliseconds of (above-mentioned parameters Setting all can effectively improve system calibration precision)；According to the parameter of above-mentioned setting, the test frequency point of markings frequency spectrum instrument 4；

Then, the system calibration module 61 in computer 6 controls the on off state of standard noise source 5, and is set according to above-mentioned Fixed state modulator frequency spectrograph 4 frequency sweep, to gather respectively under the open and close state of standard noise source 5, the test frequency point of mark Corresponding performance number (frequency spectrum), i.e. the reading opening standard noise source 5 time-frequency spectrometer 4 is P_on(unit is dBm), closes mark The reading of quasi-noise source 5 time-frequency spectrometer 4 is P_off(unit is dBm)；And above-mentioned data is stored in database 66；

Finally, using Y factor method, (this Y factor method is method as known in the art to system calibration module 61, such as microwave device Part noise-factor measurement (individual devices), penetrate sky astronomy observation signal calibration etc. all using the method, the method is simple to operate, easily In calculating), and excess noise ratio ENR based on the standard noise source 5 being pre-stored in database 66, it is calculated system noise and system Gain, meanwhile, this calculated data is stored in database 66, specifically：

System calibration module 61 is first according to below equation computing system noise coefficient NF (unit is dB)：

Y=P_on/P_off(1),

NF=ENR-10log₁₀(Y-1)+10log₁₀(T₀/T_off) (2),

Wherein, T₀For normal temperature (this temperature is fixed temperature value 290k), T_offFor temperature during standard of closure noise source 5 (i.e. test environment temperature, the certainty of measurement of this temperature is less demanding, can carry out actual measurement using general thermometer, right for degree Test result impact is very little, and the impact to test error of the measure error of environment temperature can be ignored)；

Then, according to below equation computing system noise T_R：

T_R=T₀(NF-1) (3),

Finally, according to below equation computing system gain G_S：

T_on=T₀ENR+T_off(4),

G_S=P_on-10log₁₀(T_on+T_R)-10log₁₀(B)-10log₁₀(K) -30 (5),

Wherein, T_onFor opening temperature during standard noise source 5, B be frequency spectrograph 4 calibration resolution bandwidth (as described above, This parameter is passed through to be manually set), K is Boltzmann constant.

Above-mentioned formula (1)-(5) are formula as known in the art, by the calculated system noise of above-mentioned formula T_RWhether normal be mainly used for checking system sensitivity index, for example, if preamplifier 3, RF cable etc. go wrong, Then can be processed by above-mentioned quick test data and find whether system sensitivity is normal, thus that improves follow-up test data can By property；And said system gain G_SThe radiation-emitting frequency spectrum being then used for frequency spectrograph 4 is obtained in subsequent radiative emission test enters Row calibration, to obtain the radiant power (concrete operating principle will be described below) of test Antenna aperture.

Second step, radiation emission test (that is, Electromagnetic Interference Test), specifically include：

First, by switching microwave switch 2 by reception antenna 1 access system, thus forming electromagnetic interference as above Test subsystems, and reception antenna 1 is arranged on distance is used for 1 meter or 3 meters of the instrument and equipment (not shown) place testing (specifically Distance is determined by the size of instrument and equipment, and setting principle is that the beam angle meeting reception antenna 1 covers wanting of instrument and equipment Ask)；

Then, according to test letters such as default test bandwidth, the time of integration, resolution bandwidths (i.e. sampled point interval width) (test information also includes such as test equipment title, testing time, tester's information etc. to breath, and these test information are all stored in In database 66) initial frequency, sweeping steps of frequency spectrograph 4 etc. are set, for example, setting directly can be selected on frequency spectrograph 4：Survey Try width：380MHz-3GHz, resolution bandwidth：30KHz (suitably can change according to testing requirement)；Video resolution bandwidth： 300KHz；And setting frequency spectrograph 4 and gathering points every time is 10000, because each resolution bandwidth gathers a point, so that The test a width of 10000 × 30KHz=300MHz of subband, automatically into next sub- bandwidth test after the completion of sub- bandwidth test, directly Test to completing whole bandwidth；The scan mode of setting frequency spectrograph 4 is to sample the mode combining with linear averaging (using linear Average scan mode can improve the sensitivity of test subsystems, reduces the impact to test result of burst and glitch, And because the method that radio astronomy observation equally adopts linear averaging reduces system noise, thus can see with radio astronomy The data processing method surveying terminal matches), wherein, the subband wide single sweep operation time is 0.5 second, and linear averaging number of times is 20 Secondary, the wide total scanning time of subband is then 0.5 second × 20 times=10 seconds；

Then, in the test environment of all electronic equipments around closing of the Electromagnetic Interference Test module 62 in computer 6, The on off state of controller unit equipment, and state modulator frequency spectrograph 4 frequency sweep according to above-mentioned setting, to obtain closing instrument respectively Environment frequency spectrum during equipment and open instrument and equipment working condition radiation-emitting frequency spectrum P during instrument and equipment_A(unit is dBm) (hereinafter referred to as radiation-emitting frequency spectrum)；And above-mentioned test data is stored in database 66；By by the environment recording frequency spectrum with Radiation-emitting frequency spectrum is compared, and can easily find out radiation-emitting spectral characteristic, the especially impact to ambient noise, example As data processing terminal can be greatly improved ambient noise, can be intuitive to see instrument and equipment radiation-emitting to environment by comparing The impact of noise；

Finally, Electromagnetic Interference Test module 62 is spaced (when carrying out radiation emission test according to the sampled point of above-mentioned setting The sweeping steps of the frequency spectrograph 4 of setting), the receiving antenna gain G to the reception antenna 1 being pre-stored in database 66_A(antenna increases Benefit is subsidiary gain data when buying antenna, through the antenna gain data of calibration when as antenna dispatches from the factory), by above-mentioned first The system gain G that step obtains_SCarry out linear interpolation, and be based on this receiving antenna gain G_AAnd system gain G_STo above-mentioned radiation Emission spectrum P_ACarry out data calibration, thus obtain test Antenna aperture at radiant power (frequency spectrum) P (as below equation (6) institute Show)：

P=P_A-G_S-G_A(6)；

At this test Antenna aperture, radiant power P is stored in database 66, and can pass through Electromagnetic Interference Test module 62 It is shown as figure.

3rd step, calculates the interference level limit value that instrument and equipment to be assessed reaches feed telescope actinal surface, concrete bag Include：

First, the interference level limit value computing module 63 in computer 6 is directed to radio astronomy industry according to alliance of International Telecommunication Association System sensitivity computational methods and radio telescope technical indicator and observation requirementses in business recommendation ITU-R RA.769.2, i.e. Antenna noise temperature T according to given radio telescope typical case's frequency_A, system noise T_R, resolution bandwidth B, time of integration τ (being substantially carried out continuous spectrum and observations of pulsar in view of low-frequency range, in this embodiment, time of integration τ is set to 10 seconds) is (above-mentioned The values such as resolution bandwidth, the time of integration all determine according to actual radio telescope technical indicator and observation requirementses), and according to Lower formula (7) calculates feed telescope actinal surface interference level limit value L_T1：

$L_{T1}=0.1\×K\×B\×(T_A+T_R)/\sqrt{\mathrm{B\τ}}---\left(7\right),$

Wherein, K is Boltzmann constant；

Then it is contemplated that radio telescope main beam is extremely narrow, the radiation of ground instrument installation electromagnetical is entered by antenna sidelobe Reception system, and the feed telescope actinal surface interference level limit value L of above-mentioned calculating_T1For radio telescope side lobe gain it is The interference level limit value of 0dBi, therefore, in the present invention, interference level limit value computing module 63 needs first basis to be pre-stored in data The given radio telescope angle of pitch in storehouse 66Equipment to be assessed is thrown to feed telescope aperture centre with ground Horizontal range L of shadow_dAnd equipment to be assessed to feed telescope aperture centre vertical range H (as shown in figure 5, figure Middle A point represents instrument and equipment to be assessed, and B point represents feed telescope aperture centre, and C represents radio telescope parabola), And acquisition radio telescope side lobe gain G (Φ) is calculated according to below equation, unit is that dBi (give by ITU-RSA.509-3 recommendation Go out to be applied to the general sidelobe gain model of the large-scale parabola antenna of D/ λ >=100, wherein D is antenna diameter, λ is work Wavelength)：

$G\left(\mathrm{\Φ}\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}32-25\log \left(\mathrm{\Φ}\right)& 1\≤\mathrm{\Φ}\≤48\\ -10& 48\≤\mathrm{\Φ}\≤80\\ -5& 80\≤\mathrm{\Φ}\≤120\\ -10& 120\≤\mathrm{\Φ}\≤180\end{array}\right.---\left(9\right),$

Wherein, Φ is that instrument and equipment to be assessed deviates the angle of radio telescope main beam axis and (assesses this instrument and equipment pair Extremely bad situation is only considered, i.e. the projection of radio telescope main beam axis and instrument and equipment weight to be assessed during the impact of radio telescope Close)；Then, interference level limit value computing module 63 is according to feed telescope actinal surface interference level limit value L_T1And radio prestige Remote mirror side lobe gain G (Φ), calculates according to below equation and obtains instrument and equipment arrival feed telescope actinal surface to be assessed Interference level limit value L_T：

L_T=L_T1-G(Φ) (10)；

Finally, interference level limit value computing module 63 is based on the sampled point interval width in second step, to above-mentioned to be assessed Instrument and equipment reaches the interference level limit value L of feed telescope actinal surface_TCarry out linear interpolation, with second step in radiation The frequency of emission spectrum corresponds to；Finally, this instrument and equipment to be assessed reaches the interference level limit value of feed telescope actinal surface L_TIt is stored in database 66, and figure can be shown as by interference level limit value computing module 63.

4th step, electromagnetic wave path attenuation is tested, and specifically includes：

First, transmitting antenna 8 is placed on as at reception antenna 1 location in second step (that is, distance is for testing 1 meter or 3 meters of instrument and equipment at), and reception antenna 1 is arranged on the position near feed telescope actinal surface, with transmitting The signal source 9 that antenna 8 connects passes through netting twine access to LAN 10；

Secondly, by the path attenuation measurement module 64 in computer 6 arrange signal source 9 output standard signal bandwidth, Intensity (that is, signal frequency and amplitude), wherein, the frequency of standard signal sets according to the Frequency point that GB12190 is given, to prevent Other radio traffics are disturbed in radio wave attenuation test, and the amplitude of standard signal is then carried out with test antenna distance according to reception antenna Suitable setting, if measuring distance is farther out, signal amplitude is larger, then need to carry out security protection, to prevent electromagnetic wave harm tester Member；For example, arranging this standard signal is single frequency point signal, and signal bandwidth is as far as possible narrow；

Then, sweeping of frequency spectrograph 4 is arranged according to test information such as default test bandwidth, sweep time, resolution bandwidths Retouch frequency (this frequency is identical with the above-mentioned Frequency point to signal source 9 setting) etc., for example, can directly select to set on frequency spectrograph 4 Put：Resolution bandwidth：30KHz；Video resolution bandwidth：3MHz；Test bandwidth：1KHz；Sweep time：200 milliseconds；According to upper State the parameter of setting, the scanning frequency of markings frequency spectrum instrument 4；

Then, path attenuation measurement module 64 control signal source 9 outputting standard signal, so that reception antenna 1 receives this Penetrate the signal that antenna 8 sends, and control frequency spectrograph 4 frequency sweep, to gather the performance number (frequency spectrum) scanning corresponding to frequency of mark P_R；And above-mentioned data is stored in database 66；

Finally, path attenuation measurement module 64 calculates electromagnetic wave path attenuation S according to below equation_P：

S_P=P_R-G_S-G_A-P_T+C_A-G_AT(11),

Wherein, G_SFor the system gain obtaining in second step, G_AFor receiving antenna gain, P_TStandard for signal source 9 output The signal amplitude of signal, C_AFor inserting of the RF cable that is connected between the signal source 9 that is pre-stored in database 66 and transmitting antenna 8 Damage, G_ATFor transmitter antenna gain (dBi) (its G as receiving antenna gain being pre-stored in database 66_A, it is and pass through when line dispatches from the factory The antenna gain data of calibration)；Path attenuation measurement module 64 is also based on the sampled point interval width in above-mentioned second step (i.e., All difference is carried out with the sampled point interval width setting in electromagnetism Electromagnetic Interference Test step), to above-mentioned electromagnetic wave path attenuation S_PCarry out linear interpolation, with corresponding with the frequency spectrum frequency that frequency spectrograph 4 tests out；Finally, this electromagnetic wave path attenuation S_PIt is stored into number According in storehouse 66, and figure can be shown as by path attenuation measurement module 64.

In addition, in the 4th step, in the signal frequency being provided with standard signal and signal amplitude and frequency spectrograph 4 After scanning frequency, RF cable connecting signal source 9 and frequency spectrograph 4 can be first passed through, thus comparing typical frequency signal source output Signal and the difference of frequency spectrograph receipt signal, if difference is within ± 1dB, then carrying out path attenuation test, if being unsatisfactory for, need to look into See that signal source is arranged with frequency spectrograph, to improve measuring accuracy.

5th step, instrument and equipment radiation-emitting is assessed, and specifically includes：

Radiant power P at the test Antenna aperture that radiation-emitting evaluation module 65 in computer 6 calls in database 66 (being obtained by second step), instrument and equipment to be assessed reach the interference level limit value L of feed telescope actinal surface_T(by the 3rd step Obtain) and electromagnetic wave path attenuation S_P(being obtained by the 4th step), the shielding demand (shield effectiveness) of computing equipment equipment, i.e. Whether assessment instrument and equipment radiation-emitting produces impact to radio astronomy observation system, specifically：

First it is contemplated that test uncertainty, radiation-emitting evaluation module 65 according to below equation computing equipment equipment at Instrument and equipment radiated transmission power limit value L：

L=L_T-S_P-3dB (12)；

Wherein, 3dB is uncertainty of measurement；

Then, radiation-emitting evaluation module 65 compares whether radiant power P at test Antenna aperture exceedes instrument and equipment spoke Penetrate transmission power limit value L, and provide instrument and equipment shielding demand (i.e. shield effectiveness SE) according to below equation：

SE=P-L (13)；

If P-L<0, i.e. at test Antenna aperture, radiant power P is not above instrument and equipment radiated transmission power limit value L, Shield effectiveness SE is negative, then explanation instrument and equipment radiation-emitting does not affect on radio astronomy observation；If P-L >=0, i.e. test At Antenna aperture, radiant power P exceedes instrument and equipment radiated transmission power limit value L, and shield effectiveness SE is just, then explanation instrument sets Standby radiation-emitting produces interference to radio astronomy observation, needs to take shielding protection measure suppression instrument and equipment radiation-emitting, example As shielding protection is carried out to instrument and equipment by shielding and filtering；Above-mentioned shield effectiveness data is stored in database 66.

In addition, in the present invention, each test information is (as test bandwidth, test equipment title, testing time, test Personnel, radio telescope angle of pitch etc.) all it is stored in database 66, and these data are shown by data management module 67, thus It is easy to staff to pass through to select test information on data management module 67, and according in this test information acquisition database 66 Instrument and equipment radiation-emitting assessment data source path is to find corresponding data source file, and then is easy in data management module 67 In quick mapping carried out to former test data show or deletion.In the present invention, above-mentioned data source file includes：Systematicness Energy file, is used for being stored in system noise and system gain；It is devices under file, be used for being stored in test equipment title, survey Radiant power number at examination time and Electromagnetic Interference Test data (i.e. the radiation-emitting frequency spectrum of instrument and equipment), test Antenna aperture According to, shield effectiveness data etc.；Interference level limit value file, is used for being stored in the different telescopes of instrument and equipment arrival to be assessed The interference level limit value data file of actinal surface；Path attenuation file, is used for being stored in electric wave path attenuation data；Microwave device literary composition Part presss from both sides, and is used for being stored in the microwave device self performance parameters such as antenna gain, noise source ENR, RF cable Insertion Loss data and (passes through Producer calibrates).

In the present embodiment, reception antenna 1 adopts the product of model Aaronia HyperLog3080 to realize；Front storing Big device 3 adopts the product of model Aaronia UBBV2 to realize；Frequency spectrograph 4 adopts the product of model R＆S FSW26 to realize； Standard noise source 5 adopts the product of model Agilent 346C to realize；General purpose interface bus card 7 adopts model Agilent The product of 82357B is realized；Transmitting antenna 8 adopts the product of model Aaronia HyperLog3080 to realize；Signal source 9 is adopted Realized with the product of model R＆SSMA100A.

In sum, the present invention has advantages below：

1st, the present invention is by before testing to instrument and equipment radiation-emitting, first to Electromagnetic Interference Test in the system The dependence test device of subsystem is calibrated, to obtain the system gain of this test subsystems, such that it is able to reduce equipment spoke Penetrate the uncertainty of transmitting test, i.e. the uncertain of the microwave devices such as RF cable, preamplifier, microwave switch can be removed (the test uncertainty as frequency spectrograph is 0.4dB to degree, uncertainty 0.4dB of standard noise source, and total test uncertainty is 0.8dB), so improve measuring accuracy.In addition, the present invention passes through standard noise source obtains this to the calibration of above-mentioned test subsystems The noise temperature of test subsystems, and by after this system calibration or the design of noise temperature and the system after the completion of fixed Standard noise temperature compares, with the stability of Analyze noise temperature, if device (as preamplifier) occurs in test subsystems Problem, then system sensitivity (system noise) will decline to a great extent, if test subsystems now are tested again, it will lead to Test data is unreliable, therefore, can determine that whether test subsystems are normal by above-mentioned analysis, if analysis result shows system Performance is abnormal, then staff can check whether microwave device, RF cable, joint etc. have problem, and works as and cannot solve Need during problem to change microwave device, so that test subsystems have preferable sensitivity, thus improving test subsystems and survey The reliability of test result.

2nd, the present invention can for different radio telescope technical indicators and scientific requirement (such as antenna noise temperature, point Resolution bandwidth and the time of integration etc.) calculate its feed aperture interference level limit value, it is as assessment radio astronomy instrument and equipment spoke Penetrate the foundation launched on radio astronomy observation impact, can effectively prevent that interference level limit value is unreasonable to lead to radio telescope system Owe design or cross design, design for system EMC, shielding protection, the radio control of platform location offer foundation, have bigger Meaning.

3rd, propagated due to electromagnetic wave space and there is too many uncertain factor, therefore, the method for performance test of the present invention is to obtain Obtain the electric wave path that more accurately instrument and equipment radiation-emitting reaches at feed telescope actinal surface to decay.

4th, the present invention can carry out rapid evaluation for instrument and equipment radiation-emitting in radio observatory location, and provides shielding Demand, thus design for system EMC, shielding protection, the radio control of platform location provide foundation.

Above-described, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not limited to the scope of the present invention, the present invention's is upper State embodiment can also make a variety of changes.I.e. every claims according to the present patent application and description are made Simply, equivalence changes and modification, falls within the claims of patent of the present invention.Being of the not detailed description of the present invention Routine techniques content.

Claims (12)

1. a kind of assessment system based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation is it is characterised in that described assessment system includes：

One microwave switch, its one end is two normally opened contacts, and its other end is connected to a frequency spectrograph by a preamplifier；

Described frequency spectrograph is connected with a computer；

One reception antenna connecting a described normally opened contact to described microwave switch；

One standard noise source connecting another the described normally opened contact to described microwave switch；

One passes through network connection to the signal source of described computer；And

One is connected by RF cable to the transmitting antenna of described signal source output terminal；

Wherein, described computer includes：

System calibration module, its be used for the two ends of described standard noise source respectively with described preamplifier and described frequency spectrum After instrument connects, control described frequency spectrograph frequency sweep, and acquisition system noise and system gain are calculated using Y factor method；

Electromagnetic Interference Test module, it is used for being connected with described preamplifier in described reception antenna and arranging neighbouring periphery After instrument and equipment to be assessed, control described frequency spectrograph frequency sweep to obtain the radiation-emitting frequency spectrum of described instrument and equipment to be assessed, and This radiation-emitting frequency spectrum is carried out with data calibration to obtain radiant power at test Antenna aperture；

Interference level limit value computing module, it is used for according to given antenna noise temperature, described system noise and default The resolution bandwidth of described frequency spectrograph and the time of integration, calculate and obtain feed telescope actinal surface interference level limit value, and According to the given radio telescope angle of pitch, described equipment to be assessed to feed telescope aperture centre and floor projection Horizontal range and described equipment to be assessed, to the vertical range of feed telescope aperture centre, calculate acquisition radio and look in the distance Mirror side lobe gain, increases further according to described feed telescope actinal surface interference level limit value and described radio telescope secondary lobe Benefit, calculates and obtains the interference level limit value that described instrument and equipment to be assessed reaches feed telescope actinal surface；

Path attenuation measurement module, it is used for described to be assessed instrument and equipment neighbouring in the setting of described transmitting antenna, and described connects After receiving the feed telescope actinal surface of the neighbouring periphery of antenna setting, described signal source outputting standard signal is controlled to connect for described Receive antenna to receive, and control described frequency spectrograph frequency sweep, obtain described standard signal arrival feed telescope actinal surface to calculate The electromagnetic wave path attenuation at place；

Radiation-emitting evaluation module, it is used for reaching the interference of feed telescope actinal surface according to described instrument and equipment to be assessed Level limit value and electromagnetic wave path attenuation, calculate and obtain instrument and equipment radiated transmission power limit value, and compare this instrument and equipment Radiated transmission power limit value and the described size testing radiant power at Antenna aperture, if radiate work(at described test Antenna aperture Rate is less than described instrument and equipment radiated transmission power limit value, then the radiation-emitting being evaluated as described instrument and equipment to be assessed is to radio Astronomical observation does not affect, conversely, the radiation-emitting being then evaluated as described instrument and equipment to be assessed is observed to radio astronomy and being produced Impact, and export corresponding instrument and equipment shielding demand.

2. the assessment system based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that institute State microwave switch to be connected with the input of described preamplifier by RF cable.

3. the assessment system based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that institute State frequency spectrograph to be connected with described computer by general purpose interface bus card.

4. the assessment system based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that institute State computer and also include a database, it is used for storing described system noise, system gain, radiation-emitting frequency spectrum, test antenna At actinal surface, radiant power, instrument and equipment to be assessed reach the interference level limit value of feed telescope actinal surface, electromagnetism wave path Decay and described shielding demand.

5. the assessment system based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that institute State computer and also include a data management module being connected with described database, it is used for showing, searches and/described the data of deletion Data in storehouse.

6. a kind of appraisal procedure based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation it is characterised in that methods described include following Step：

Preparation process, provide as described in any one in claim 1-5 based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation Assessment system；

System calibration step, switch described microwave switch by the two ends of described standard noise source respectively with described preamplifier with And described frequency spectrograph connects, described frequency spectrograph frequency sweep is controlled by described system calibration module, and calculated using Y factor method and obtain System noise and system gain；

Radiation emission test step, is switched described microwave switch and is connected described reception antenna with described preamplifier, and will Described reception antenna setting, adjacent to the instrument and equipment to be assessed of periphery, controls described frequency spectrum by described Electromagnetic Interference Test module Instrument frequency sweep to obtain the radiation-emitting frequency spectrum of described instrument and equipment to be assessed, and this radiation-emitting frequency spectrum is carried out data calibration with Obtain radiant power at test Antenna aperture；

Instrument and equipment to be assessed reaches the interference level limit value calculation procedure of feed telescope actinal surface, described interference level limit Value computing module according to give antenna noise temperature, described system noise and default frequency spectrograph resolution bandwidth and The time of integration, calculate obtain feed telescope actinal surface interference level limit value, and according to the given radio telescope angle of pitch, Described equipment to be assessed is to the horizontal range of feed telescope aperture centre and floor projection and described equipment to be assessed To the vertical range of feed telescope aperture centre, calculate and obtain radio telescope side lobe gain, further according to described radio Telescope actinal surface interference level limit value and described radio telescope side lobe gain, calculate the described instrument to be assessed of acquisition and set The standby interference level limit value reaching feed telescope actinal surface；

Electromagnetic wave path attenuation testing procedure, by neighbouring for the setting of described transmitting antenna described instrument and equipment to be assessed, and will be described The neighbouring feed telescope actinal surface of reception antenna setting, controls described signal source output by described path attenuation measurement module Standard signal receives for described reception antenna, and controls described frequency spectrograph frequency sweep, obtains described standard signal arrival to calculate Electromagnetic wave path attenuation at feed telescope actinal surface；

Instrument and equipment radiation-emitting appraisal procedure, described radiation-emitting evaluation module reaches according to described instrument and equipment to be assessed and penetrates The interference level limit value of radiotelescope feed aperture and electromagnetic wave path attenuation, calculate and obtain instrument and equipment radiated transmission power Limit value, and compare this instrument and equipment radiated transmission power limit value and the described size testing radiant power at Antenna aperture, if institute State radiant power at test Antenna aperture and be less than described instrument and equipment radiated transmission power limit value, be then evaluated as described instrument to be assessed The radiation-emitting of device equipment does not affect on radio astronomy observation, conversely, being then evaluated as the radiation of described instrument and equipment to be assessed Transmitting produces impact to radio astronomy observation, and exports corresponding instrument and equipment shielding demand.

7. the appraisal procedure based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation according to claim 6 is it is characterised in that institute State system calibration step to include：

The calibration initial frequency of described frequency spectrograph, calibration are arranged according to default calibration test bandwidth and calibration resolution bandwidth Sweeping steps, and mark the test frequency point of described frequency spectrograph；

Control the on off state of described standard noise source by described system calibration module, and control described frequency spectrograph to gather respectively Under the open and close state of described standard noise source, performance number P corresponding to test frequency point of mark_onAnd P_off；

Described system calibration module calculates according to below equation and obtains described system noise T_RWith system gain G_S, and by this system Noise T_RWith system gain G_SIt is stored in described database：

Y=P_on/P_off(1),

NF=ENR-10log₁₀(Y-1)+10log₁₀(T₀/T_off) (2),

T_R=T₀(NF-1) (3),

T_on=T₀ENR+T_off(4),

G_S=P_on-10log₁₀(T_on+T_R)-10log₁₀(B)-10log₁₀(K) -30 (5),

Wherein, NF is system noise factor, and ENR is to prestore the excess noise ratio of described standard noise source in the database, T₀For Normal temperature, T_offFor closing temperature during described standard noise source, T_onFor opening temperature during described standard noise source, B is institute State calibration resolution bandwidth, K is Boltzmann constant.

8. the appraisal procedure based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation according to claim 6 is it is characterised in that institute State radiation emission test step to include：

The initial frequency of described frequency spectrograph, sweeping steps are arranged according to default test bandwidth, the time of integration, resolution bandwidth；

By, in described Electromagnetic Interference Test module test environment of all electronic equipments around closing, controlling described to be assessed The on off state of instrument and equipment, and control described frequency spectrograph to gather environment frequency spectrum when closing described instrument and equipment to be assessed respectively And open described radiation-emitting frequency spectrum P during described instrument and equipment to be assessed_A, and by this radiation-emitting frequency spectrum P_AIt is stored in described Database；

By contrasting described environment frequency spectrum and described radiation-emitting frequency spectrum, to obtain radiation-emitting spectral characteristic；

By described Electromagnetic Interference Test module according to described default resolution bandwidth to the institute prestoring in the database State the receiving antenna gain G of reception antenna_A, described system gain G_SCarry out linear interpolation, and be based on this receiving antenna gain G_AWith And system gain G_STo described radiation-emitting frequency spectrum P_ACarry out data calibration, thus described test antenna is obtained according to below equation Radiant power P at actinal surface, and radiant power P at this test Antenna aperture is stored in described database：

P=P_A-G_S-G_A(6).

9. the appraisal procedure based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation according to claim 8 is it is characterised in that institute The interference level limit value calculation procedure stating instrument and equipment arrival feed telescope actinal surface to be assessed includes：

Described interference level limit value computing module is according to given described antenna noise temperature T_A, described system noise T_RAnd it is pre- If described frequency spectrograph resolution bandwidth B and time of integration τ, according to below equation calculate obtain described feed telescope Actinal surface interference level limit value L_T1：

$L_{T1}=0.1\&times;K\&times;B\&times;(T_A+T_R)/\sqrt{B\mathrm{\&tau;}}---\left(7\right),$

Wherein, K is Boltzmann constant；

Described interference level limit value computing module is according to the given radio telescope angle of pitchDescribed equipment to be assessed is to radio Telescope aperture centre and horizontal range L of floor projection_dAnd described equipment to be assessed is to feed telescope mouth Vertical range H at face center, calculates according to below equation and obtains radio telescope side lobe gain G (Φ)：

$G\left(\mathrm{\&Phi;}\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}32-25\log \left(\mathrm{\&Phi;}\right)& 1\&le;\mathrm{\&Phi;}\&le;48\\ -10& 48\&le;\mathrm{\&Phi;}\&le;80\\ -5& 80\&le;\mathrm{\&Phi;}\&le;120\\ -10& 120\&le;\mathrm{\&Phi;}\&le;180\end{array}\right.---\left(9\right),$

Wherein, Φ is the angle that instrument and equipment to be assessed deviates radio telescope main beam axis；

Described interference level limit value computing module is according to described feed telescope actinal surface interference level limit value L_T1And it is described Radio telescope side lobe gain G (Φ), calculates according to below equation and obtains described instrument and equipment arrival radio telescope to be assessed The interference level limit value L of feed aperture_T：

L_T=L_T1-G(Φ) (10)；

Described interference level limit value computing module is according to the described resolution bandwidth in described radiation emission test step to described Instrument and equipment to be assessed reaches the interference level limit value L of feed telescope actinal surface_TCarry out linear interpolation, and this is to be assessed Instrument and equipment reaches the interference level limit value L of feed telescope actinal surface_TIt is stored in described database.

10. the appraisal procedure based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation according to claim 8 it is characterised in that Described electromagnetic wave path attenuation testing procedure includes：

By signal frequency and the signal of the described standard signal of described path attenuation measurement module setting described signal source output Amplitude；

Arrange and mark the scanning frequency of described frequency spectrograph according to default test bandwidth, sweep time, resolution bandwidth, and should Scanning frequency is mated with the signal frequency of described standard signal；

Described signal source is controlled to export described standard signal by described path attenuation measurement module, so that described reception antenna connects Receive the signal that this transmitting antenna sends, and control performance number P corresponding to scanning frequency of described frequency spectrograph collection mark_R；

Described path attenuation measurement module calculates described electromagnetic wave path attenuation S according to below equation_P：

S_P=P_R-G_S-G_A-P_T+C_A-G_AT(11),

Wherein, G_SFor described system gain, G_AFor the receiving antenna gain of the described reception antenna in the database that prestores, P_TFor the signal amplitude of described standard signal, C_AConnect between described signal source in the database and transmitting antenna for prestoring The Insertion Loss of the RF cable connecing, G_ATGain for the described transmitting antenna in the database that prestores；

Described path attenuation measurement module is according to the described resolution bandwidth in described radiation emission test step to described electromagnetism Wave path decay S_PCarry out linear interpolation, and by this electromagnetic wave path attenuation S_PIt is stored in described database.

11. appraisal procedures based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation according to claim 10 it is characterised in that Described electromagnetic wave path attenuation testing procedure also includes：

After the scanning frequency of the signal frequency being provided with described standard signal and signal amplitude and described frequency spectrograph, lead to Cross RF cable and connect described signal source and described frequency spectrograph, and compare the standard signal of described signal source output and described frequency spectrum The difference of the signal that instrument receives, if this difference is within ± 1dB, proceeds described electromagnetic wave path attenuation testing procedure, Otherwise, if being unsatisfactory for, reset sweeping of the signal frequency of described standard signal and/or signal amplitude and/or described frequency spectrograph Retouch frequency.

12. appraisal procedures based on radio astronomy instrument and equipment electromagnetic radiation according to claim 6 it is characterised in that Described instrument and equipment radiation-emitting appraisal procedure includes：

Described radiation-emitting evaluation module calculates according to below equation and obtains described instrument and equipment radiated transmission power limit value L：

L=L_T-S_P-3dB (12)；

Wherein, L_TReach the interference level limit value of feed telescope actinal surface, S for described instrument and equipment to be assessed_PFor described electricity Magnetic wave path attenuation, 3dB is uncertainty of measurement；

Described radiation-emitting evaluation module shields demand SE according to the below equation described instrument and equipment of output, and by this instrument and equipment Shielding demand SE is stored in described database：

SE=P-L (13)；

Wherein, P represents radiant power at test Antenna aperture.