CN104265506B - Pulse-knocking engine - Google Patents
Pulse-knocking engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN104265506B CN104265506B CN201410472741.XA CN201410472741A CN104265506B CN 104265506 B CN104265506 B CN 104265506B CN 201410472741 A CN201410472741 A CN 201410472741A CN 104265506 B CN104265506 B CN 104265506B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of pulse-knocking engine, it comprises: fuel supplying device, provides fuel and exports fuel fume; Apparatus to cause bursting; And knocking combustion device.Apparatus to cause bursting comprises: at least one detonate tube, and one end of each detonate tube is communicated with fuel supplying device; Igniter, is arranged on one end place that a corresponding detonate tube is communicated with fuel supplying device, for fuel supplying device is exported and the fuel fume entered in detonate tube light; And first intake duct, be arranged at the front end of a corresponding detonate tube, to this correspondence detonate tube input air.Knocking combustion device comprises: at least one main booster, and the front portion of each main booster is communicated with the other end of fuel supplying device and the corresponding detonate tube of middle part connection; Second intake duct, is arranged at the front end of a corresponding main booster, to the main booster input air of this correspondence one; And jet pipe, be arranged at the rear end of a corresponding main booster.Pulse-knocking engine of the present invention can form the stable detonation wave propagated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of engines, particularly relate to a kind of pulse-knocking engine.
Background technique
Pulse-knocking engine is a kind of power plant utilizing detonation wave to produce thrust.Detonation wave is actual is closely follow a combustion wave after a shock wave, propagates with the speed of 2000m/s ~ 3000m/s.Pulse-knocking engine structure is simple, and the thermal efficiency is high.Other isobaric combustion motor can reach 47% with the pulse-knocking engine efficiency of isochoric combustion work relatively.Pulse-knocking engine specific fuel consumption is low, and specific impulse is large, therefore in unmanned plane, guided missile etc., has good application prospect.
Domestic and international pulse detonation engine has carried out large quantity research, such as United States Naval Postgraduate School proposes coaxial pulse detonation engine, U.S. NASA, the research centers such as AMES it is also proposed single tube electromagnetic valve pulse-knocking engine, domestic Northwestern Polytechnical University, the units such as Nanjing Aero-Space University have also carried out the basic research work of pulse-knocking engine, such as on March 19th, 2008 announce Chinese patent application publication No. be CN101144442A patent document discloses a kind of multi-pipe impulse detonation combustor and method of initiation thereof, in on August 8th, 2007 announce Chinese patent application publication No. be CN101012786A patent document discloses a kind of high-frequency pulse pinking engine and controlling method thereof.The key problem of pulse-knocking engine produces stable pulse-knocking ripple in main booster (detonation chamber).
The pulse-knocking engine of classical cyclic process mainly comprises pneumatic valve, detonation chamber, jet pipe, supply and control system.Operationally, one end spray fuel of motor and oxygenant, mixture is detonated, and produce detonation wave, high temperature and high pressure gas is discharged from jet pipe.As a rule detonation way has two kinds, for directly igniting and indirectly igniting.Direct ignition needs high-energy ignition system, as to hydrocarbon fuel ignition energy in 100kJ magnitude.General ignition ignition energy only has the magnitude of 100mJ can not meet igniting requirement.Current high-energy ignition system mainly contains transient state plasma ignition or high-energy capacitor ignition system.Because each work cycle needs high-energy ignition system, power requirements is very high.This ignition system is huger, is difficult to miniaturization, light.Indirect detonation way needs a detonate tube usually.Detonate tube is actually a little detonation tube, but due to caliber little, lower to the requirement of ignition system, common ignition can meet igniting blasting requirement.Detonate tube generally has certain length, mainly in order to complete detonation to pinking conversion (DDT) process.Ignite with little ignition energy and produce deflagration wave, deflagration wave converts detonation wave to and goes to ignite the main feature that detonation chamber mixture is detonate tube.If ignition energy is lower, detonation all can be elongated to pinking conversion time and distance, can offer screw thread in order to accelerate detonation or increase flow spoiler to the conversion of pinking in detonate tube.
Pulse-knocking engine is divided into air-inlet type and rocket type, generally is bipropellant propulsion system.Common liquid fuel/air pulse detonation engine, utilizes atomizer nozzle directly oil burning jet to be mapped in detonation chamber, then ignites.Fuel atomization process is very large to having an impact of detonation wave, and the ignition system motor sometimes namely using very macro-energy also can frequent loss of ignition.Such as, when atomization droplet diameter is no more than 10 microns, detonation wave could be produced fast, if more than 40 ~ 70 microns, be difficult to produce detonation wave.Even if sometimes atomizing effect is fine, because ignition energy is not high, form knocking combustion to complete DDT process, the size of detonation chamber is very large.
In a word, fuel-oil atmozation under liquid fuel pulse detonation engine most cases common at present, direct ignition are ignited, complete DDT process formation knocking combustion carries out in same detonation chamber, and detonation chamber size is very large, complex structure.Atomizing effect, igniting blasting energy, DDT Distance geometry time etc. are very large to having an impact of detonation wave, the problems such as they and knocking combustion are interrelated, be coupled, be difficult to understand reason once go wrong, greatly limit further developing and applying of pulse-knocking engine.
Summary of the invention
In view of Problems existing in background technique, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pulse-knocking engine, it can form the stable detonation wave propagated.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pulse-knocking engine, the formation of its detonation chamber detonation wave does not rely on high energy ignition unit, atomising device without the need to complexity.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pulse-knocking engine, it is convenient to search reason when pulse-knocking engine generation problem.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of pulse-knocking engine, it comprises: fuel supplying device, provides fuel and exports fuel fume; Apparatus to cause bursting; And knocking combustion device.Apparatus to cause bursting comprises: at least one detonate tube, and one end of each detonate tube is communicated with fuel supplying device; Igniter, is arranged on one end place that a corresponding detonate tube is communicated with fuel supplying device, for fuel supplying device is exported and the fuel fume entered in detonate tube light; And first intake duct, be arranged at the front end of a corresponding detonate tube, to this correspondence detonate tube input air.Knocking combustion device comprises: at least one main booster, and the front portion of each main booster is communicated with the other end of fuel supplying device and the corresponding detonate tube of middle part connection; Second intake duct, is arranged at the front end of a corresponding main booster, to the main booster input air of this correspondence one; And jet pipe, be arranged at the rear end of a corresponding main booster.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
Multiple physical process is separated from each other by the present invention, namely in fuel supplying device, fuel fume is obtained, the detonation wave for lighting flammable mixed gas in main booster that DDT process obtains high energy is completed in detonate tube, DDT process is completed in detonate tube, main booster completes knocking combustion process, because main booster is specifically designed to the generation of stable detonation wave, therefore the structure of main booster is simple, size is little, and the second intake duct rear end and detonation chamber front end do not need complicated atomizer nozzle or other atomising devices.In addition, be convenient to search reason when pulse-knocking engine generation problem.
Pulse-knocking engine of the present invention does not rely on high-energy ignition system, does not need complicated fuel atomization and relevant apparatus, and the DDT process in existing detonation chamber and knocking combustion are separately carried out, detonation wave abundant development and stabilization burning, frequency of okperation can be made very high and adjustable; The multiple process such as fuel atomization injection, igniting, DDT, knocking combustion solving existing pulse-knocking engine carries out knocking combustion indoor making motor be difficult to form the stable detonation wave propagated simultaneously, and the problem such as formation heavy dependence high energy ignition unit, atomizing effect of detonation chamber detonation wave.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment according to pulse-knocking engine of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the fundamental diagram according to pulse-knocking engine of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the fuel supplying device according to pulse-knocking engine of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the knocking combustion device according to pulse-knocking engine of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the apparatus to cause bursting according to pulse-knocking engine of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the embodiment according to pulse-knocking engine of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the embodiment according to pulse-knocking engine of the present invention.
Wherein, description of reference numerals is as follows:
1 fuel supplying device 3 knocking combustion device
The main booster of 11 gas compressor 31
12 spiral economizer bank 32 second intake duct
2 apparatus to cause bursting 33 jet pipes
21 detonate tube 4 controllers
22 igniter S fuel injectors
23 first intake ducts
Embodiment
Describe in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings according to pulse-knocking engine of the present invention.
Referring to figs. 1 through Fig. 7, pulse-knocking engine according to the present invention comprises: fuel supplying device 1, provides fuel and exports fuel fume; Apparatus to cause bursting 2; And knocking combustion device 3.Apparatus to cause bursting 2 comprises: at least one detonate tube 21, and one end of each detonate tube 21 is communicated with fuel supplying device 1; Igniter 22, is arranged on one end place that a corresponding detonate tube 21 is communicated with fuel supplying device 1, for fuel supplying device 1 is exported and the fuel fume entered in detonate tube 21 light; And first intake duct 23, be arranged at the front end of a corresponding detonate tube 21, to this correspondence detonate tube 21 input air.Knocking combustion device 3 comprises: at least one main booster 31, and the front portion of each main booster 31 is communicated with the other end of fuel supplying device 1 and the corresponding detonate tube 21 of middle part connection; Second intake duct 32, is arranged at the front end of a corresponding main booster 31, to main booster 31 input air of this correspondence one; And jet pipe 33, be arranged at the rear end of a corresponding main booster 31.
In pulse-knocking engine according to the present invention, with reference to Fig. 2, fuel supplying device 1 provides fuel and exports fuel fume, fuel fume is through shunting, part fuel fume enters the detonate tube 21 of apparatus to cause bursting 2 and is mixed to form flammable mixed gas with the air that the first intake duct 23 inputs, igniter 22 is by flammable for this in detonate tube 21 mixed gas igniting blasting, complete detonation to pinking conversion (DDT) process, produce high speed knock ripple ((A) in Fig. 2, conveniently understand, with E, high speed knock ripple is shown).The injection of another part fuel fume enters the main booster 31 of knocking combustion device 3 and is mixed to form flammable mixed gas with the air that the second intake duct 32 inputs, the high speed knock ripple that this flammable mixed gas of main booster 31 is injected by detonate tube 21 is ignited in the front end of main booster 31 and in main booster 31, forms quick knocking combustion ((B) in Fig. 2, flow to as shown in the direction of arrow), now, second intake duct 32 of knocking combustion device 3 is closed, detonate tube 21 is closed, combustion knock wave height speed propagates down stream ((C) in Fig. 2 formed, flow to as shown in the direction of arrow), and the high-temperature fuel gas that knocking combustion produces fast is discharged ((D) in Fig. 2 through jet pipe 33, flow to as shown in the direction of arrow), pulse-knocking engine is made to produce thrust thus, complete a work cycle.After this, extensional wave backpropagation, main booster 31 internal pressure reduces, and the second intake duct 32 is opened, and detonate tube 21 is opened, and enters the next operation cycle.
Multiple physical process is separated from each other by the present invention, namely in fuel supplying device 1, fuel fume is obtained, the detonation wave for lighting flammable mixed gas in main booster 31 that DDT process obtains high energy is completed in detonate tube 21, DDT process is completed in detonate tube 21, main booster 31 completes knocking combustion process, because main booster 31 is specifically designed to the generation of stable detonation wave, therefore the structure of main booster 31 is simple, size is little, and the second intake duct 32 rear end and main booster 31 front end do not need complicated atomizer nozzle or other atomising devices.
Pulse-knocking engine of the present invention does not rely on high-energy ignition system, does not need complicated fuel atomization and relevant apparatus, and the DDT process in existing detonation chamber and knocking combustion are separately carried out, detonation wave abundant development and stabilization burning, frequency of okperation can be made very high and adjustable; The multiple process such as fuel atomization injection, igniting, DDT, knocking combustion solving existing pulse-knocking engine carries out knocking combustion indoor making motor be difficult to form the stable detonation wave propagated simultaneously, and the problem such as formation heavy dependence high energy ignition unit, atomizing effect of detonation chamber detonation wave.
In pulse-knocking engine according to the present invention, the fuel that fuel supplying device 1 provides can be liquid fuel.In one embodiment, liquid fuel can be at least one in kerosene, gasoline.
In an embodiment of pulse-knocking engine according to the present invention, fuel supplying device 1 can be atomizer or vaporizer, to provide fuel and to export fuel fume.Fuel supplying device 1 is not directly related with the generation of the detonation wave in knocking combustion device 3, easily controls, and institute is restricted few.
In an embodiment of fuel supplying device 1, with reference to Fig. 3 and Fig. 6, fuel supplying device 1 can have: gas compressor 11, be separately positioned on fuel supplying device 1 be communicated with one end place of detonate tube 21 and be communicated with one end place of front portion of main booster 31 with fuel supplying device 1, with to from fuel supplying device 1, the fuel be supplied in the detonate tube 21 of apparatus to cause bursting 2 carries out pressure adjustment and carries out pressure adjustment to the fuel that fuel supplying device 1 is supplied in main booster 31.
In an embodiment of fuel supplying device 1, fuel supplying device 1 also can have: flow dontroller (not shown), be separately positioned on fuel supplying device 1 be communicated with one end place of detonate tube 21 and be communicated with one end place of front portion of main booster 31 with fuel supplying device 1, enter the flow of the combustion gas of detonate tube 21 by fuel supplying device 1 for controlling and entered the flow of combustion gas of main booster 31 by fuel supplying device 1.
In an embodiment of fuel supplying device 1, with reference to Fig. 3, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, the bottom of fuel supplying device 1 can be provided with the economizer bank 12 that spirals.In one embodiment, the pre-hot gas that the economizer bank 12 that spirals adopts can from gas of combustion.In one embodiment, the economizer bank 12 that spirals is provided with pressure regulator valve (not shown) and sensor (not shown), for the flow of hot gas pre-in the economizer bank 12 that controls to spiral.
In an embodiment of pulse-knocking engine according to the present invention, detonate tube 21 inside can be provided with flow spoiler (not shown) or spiral lamination (referring to figs. 1 through Fig. 7).Flammable mixed gas in detonate tube 21 is ignited by igniter 22, combustion wave to downstream movement, through inwall flow-disturbing and spiral is curved can the conversion of accelerated combustion wave direction detonation wave, thus shorten time and the length of DDT process.
In one embodiment, the internal diameter of detonate tube 21 can be 10mm ~ 25mm, and length of run can be 2m ~ 3m.The little detonate tube 21 of caliber is adopted to be easy to produce detonation wave.Ignite requirement to meet high frequency, cooperatively interact co-ordination can to increase multiple detonate tube 21 (namely a main booster 31 may correspond to multiple detonate tube 21).Even if multiple detonate tube 21, because size is little, light structure, the extra weight increased is few.
In pulse-knocking engine according to the present invention, the lightweight material that detonate tube 21 can adopt good toughness to be easy to bending is made.
In an embodiment of pulse-knocking engine according to the present invention, the internal diameter of main booster 31 can be 300mm ~ 800mm, and length can be 1m ~ 2m.
In pulse-knocking engine according to the present invention, main booster 31 can adopt light high performance material to make.Can quality be reduced thus and better be dispelled the heat.
In pulse-knocking engine according to the present invention, with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, the inwall place of the front portion connection fuel supplying device 1 of a corresponding main booster 31 can be provided with fuel injector S; The inwall place of the middle part connection detonate tube 21 of a corresponding main booster 31 can be provided with fuel injector S.In one embodiment, the spray mode of fuel injector S is that porous is sprayed, and eject position is evenly arranged.In one embodiment, the spray mode of fuel injector S is sprayed for liquidating or staggered injection.
In pulse-knocking engine according to the present invention, with reference to Fig. 7, when the quantity of detonate tube 21 is greater than 1 and the quantity of main booster 31 is greater than 1 time, a corresponding detonate tube 21 and a corresponding main booster 31 form one group, and alternation between each group.In the example shown in fig. 7, there are two groups of main boosters 31 and detonate tube 21 co-ordination mutually, the frequency of okperation of pulse-knocking engine can be made thus greatly to improve.Particularly, in the figure 7, when the high speed knock ripple detonate tube 21 that the main booster 31 on top is injected by detonate tube 21 in a work cycle, the fuel supplying device 1 of bottom is started working and is supplied fuel to the detonate tube 21 of bottom, such two groups of alternations.Certainly, the present invention is not limited thereto, in order to improve work class frequency further, main booster 31 more than two and detonate tube 21 co-ordination mutually can also be adopted.
In an embodiment of pulse-knocking engine according to the present invention, with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, described pulse-knocking engine also can comprise: controller 4, communication connection fuel supplying device 1, apparatus to cause bursting 2 and knocking combustion device 3.Particularly, controller 4 can control being communicated with between fuel supplying device 1 with apparatus to cause bursting 2, the keying of the first intake duct 23, being communicated with of fuel supplying device 1 and knocking combustion device 3, the igniting of igniter 22, the keying etc. of the second intake duct 32 by communication connection.
Pulse-knocking engine of the present invention may be used for multiple small aircraft, is the power plant in a kind of very rising space flight and aviation propulsion system.
Claims (10)
1. a pulse-knocking engine, is characterized in that, comprising:
Fuel supplying device (1), provides fuel and exports fuel fume;
Apparatus to cause bursting (2), comprising:
At least one detonate tube (21), one end of each detonate tube (21) is communicated with fuel supplying device (1);
Igniter (22), be arranged on one end place that a corresponding detonate tube (21) is communicated with fuel supplying device (1), for fuel supplying device (1) is exported and the fuel fume entered in detonate tube (21) light; And
First intake duct (23), is arranged at the front end of a corresponding detonate tube (21), to this correspondence detonate tube (21) input air; And knocking combustion device (3), comprising:
At least one main booster (31), the front portion of each main booster (31) is communicated with fuel supplying device (1) and the corresponding the other end being in this main booster (31) detonate tube outward (21) of middle part radial communication;
Second intake duct (32), is arranged at the front end of a corresponding main booster (31), to this correspondence main booster (31) input air; And
Jet pipe (33), is arranged at the rear end of a corresponding main booster (31).
2. pulse-knocking engine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, fuel supplying device (1) is atomizer or vaporizer.
3. pulse-knocking engine according to claim 2, is characterized in that, fuel supplying device (1) has:
Gas compressor (11), one end place of one end place being separately positioned on fuel supplying device (1) connection detonate tube (21) and the front portion being communicated with main booster (31) with fuel supplying device (1).
4. pulse-knocking engine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, fuel supplying device (1) also has:
Flow dontroller, be separately positioned on fuel supplying device (1) be communicated with one end place of detonate tube (21) and be communicated with one end place of front portion of main booster (31) with fuel supplying device (1), enter the flow of the combustion gas of detonate tube (21) for control by fuel supplying device (1) and entered the flow of combustion gas of main booster (31) by fuel supplying device (1).
5. pulse-knocking engine according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the bottom of fuel supplying device (1) is provided with the economizer bank that spirals (12).
6. pulse-knocking engine according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the economizer bank that spirals (12) is provided with pressure regulator valve and sensor, the flow of the interior pre-hot gas of economizer bank (12) that spirals for control.
7. pulse-knocking engine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, detonate tube (21) inside is provided with flow spoiler or spiral lamination.
8. pulse-knocking engine according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
The inwall place of front portion connection fuel supplying device (1) of a corresponding main booster (31) is provided with fuel injector (S);
The inwall place at middle part connection detonate tube (21) of a corresponding main booster (31) is provided with fuel injector (S).
9. pulse-knocking engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when the quantity of detonate tube (21) is greater than 1 and the quantity of main booster (31) is greater than 1 time, a corresponding detonate tube (21) and a corresponding main booster (31) form one group, and alternation between each group.
10. pulse-knocking engine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described pulse-knocking engine also comprises:
Controller (4), communication connection fuel supplying device (1), apparatus to cause bursting (2) and knocking combustion device (3).
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| CN201410472741.XA CN104265506B (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2014-09-16 | Pulse-knocking engine |
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| CN201410472741.XA CN104265506B (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2014-09-16 | Pulse-knocking engine |
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| CN104265506B true CN104265506B (en) | 2016-04-27 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105822428B (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2017-08-01 | 吕晓文 | A kind of pulse-knocking rotary engine |
| CN107605603B (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2019-02-05 | 江苏大学 | A kind of ignition system for pulse-knocking engine |
| CN109098868B (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2020-06-16 | 西北工业大学 | Pulse detonation engine fault diagnosis system and method |
| CN109209678B (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-12-08 | 西北工业大学 | Pulse detonation propulsion device based on regenerative cooling structure |
| CN109184949A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-11 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of detonation tube structure of the spiral pulse-knocking engine of indirect igniting |
| CN109578168A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-04-05 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of air-breathing pulse detonation engine combustion chamber wall surface cooling scheme |
| CN109946086B (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2020-08-25 | 西北工业大学 | Design method of detonation chamber with obstacle for PLIF measurement technology |
| CN110454299B (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2021-09-24 | 西北工业大学 | Pulse detonation engine based on Stirling cycle cooling |
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