CN104257383B - The production method of a kind of fast imaging sequence single-shot EPI-SSFP - Google Patents
The production method of a kind of fast imaging sequence single-shot EPI-SSFP Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Does the present invention disclose a kind of fast imaging sequence single-shot? the production method of EPI-SSFP, by the EPI sequence template chosen, MRI system is set, obtain the original state of MRI system, the deflection angle of the radiofrequency signal RF of input is calculated again according to the True-SSFP sequence template chosen, the strength of signal and time length selecting in MRI system and apply in layer gradient is calculated according to deflection angle, like this when input radio frequency signal RF, MRI system is excited by strength of signal and time length by calculating, do you obtain initial single-shot? EPI-SSFP sequence, fast imaging sequence single-shot is generated after finally this sequence being carried out steady state process? EPI-SSFP, this ensure that single-shot? EPI-SSFP image quality is better than EPI sequence far away, imaging time is again much smaller than True-SSFP sequence, its image quality can meet clinical requirement, and imaging time shorter detection time that can reduce again patient, increase the mobility of patient.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medical imaging technology field, more specifically say, it relates to the production method of a kind of fast imaging sequence single-shotEPI-SSFP.
Background technology
In recent years, owing to sequences Design is by the restriction of nuclear magnetic resonance analyser hardware condition, the domestic personnel being engaged in sequence research and development are fewer, and starting is evening relatively, cause currently domestic nuclear magnetic resonance analyser independent research and development capacity not enough, the Design and implementation of a lot of sequence all relative difficulty.
Current sequence kind is a lot, produces corresponding wave packet, phase encoding gradient, frequency encoding gradient and choosing layer gradient mainly through control spectrometer, is applied in scanning area so that tissue produces echoed signal and then imaging. Wherein EPI-SSFP sequence is that EPI sequence has combined with true-SSFP sequence, due to EPI sequence have single activation and repeatedly excitation point, so EPI-SSFP sequence also have single activation and repeatedly excitation point, i.e. single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence and multi-shotEPI-SSFP sequence.
Multi-shotEPI-SSFP sequence is that AndrewC.Larson and OrlandoP.Simonetti put forward in 2001, and starting is evening relatively. they claim sequence to be that this sequence is in True-SSFP sequence basis, fills K space by the mode of radial direction and then obtains image with the stable state project image (SPIDER) dynamically reading echo train. because this imaging sequences velocity ratio is very fast, so, its initial application is mainly reflected on cardiac imaging. AndrewC.Larson and OrlandoP.Simonetti employs the sequence pattern that ETL is 3, wherein first echo and the 3rd echo acquirement asymmetric 69 data points (sum is 128 data points), 128 into symmetry and the collection of the 2nd echo is counted, this kind of sequences Design eliminates the artifact effects that chemical shift (mainly fat) brings to a certain extent, and keep good contrast in tissue and be two times of the radial True-SSFP sequence of single echo to the efficiency of its sweep time on the insensitive basis of motion artifacts, SPIDER in theory also can realize the real time imagery of heart simultaneously.
This sequence with regard to heart application aspect, was improved by the people such as DanielA.Herzka and PeterKellman in 2002. They are found by contrast: along with the increase of ETL, can improve scanning efficiency, reduce sweep time. The direct result of minimizing of sweep time is the time decreased of holding one's breath of patient, also improves the circulation of hospital patient simultaneously. But owing to the value of ETL is too little, result in the imaging time of multi-shotEPI-SSFP sequence long, and the dynamic imaging of heart can not be met.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the production method of a kind of fast imaging sequence single-shotEPI-SSFP is provided, merge the formation method of EPI sequence and True-SSFP sequence, the image quality of the single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence of generation is made to be better than EPI sequence far away, imaging time, again much smaller than True-SSFP sequence, has the advantages that imaging time is short and image quality is high.
For achieving the above object, the method for design of a kind of fast imaging sequence single-shotEPI-SSFP of the present invention, it is characterised in that, comprise the following steps:
(1), MRI system is set according to the EPI sequence template chosen, it is determined that go out the original state of MRI system;
(2), according to the True-SSFP sequence chosen, the angle of deflection of radiofrequency signal RF is calculated
�� must satisfy condition into:
Wherein, T1It is longitudinal relaxation time during True-SSFP sequence nucleotide sequence imaging, T2It it is T2 during True-SSFP sequence nucleotide sequence imaging;
(3) parameter of the choosing layer gradient of MRI system, is determined according to deflection angle ��
(3.1) t signal duration selecting and applying in layer gradient, is calculated
According toCalculating the required time length t applied in the choosing layer gradient of MRI system, wherein �� is gyromagnet ratio, TpIt is the time length of RF,Wherein B1Being the intensity of radiofrequency signal RF, �� f is the frequency spectrum bandwidth of radiofrequency signal RF;
(3.2) the strength of signal Gz selecting and applying in layer gradient, is calculated
Wherein L is the thickness selecting layer gradient;
(4), input meets the radiofrequency signal RF described in step (2) and (3), selects layer gradient to MRI system;
(5), MRI system is excited process by radiofrequency signal RF
(5.1), MRI system is excited by radiofrequency signal RF in advance
The choosing layer gradient of MRI system applies reverse choosing layer gradient Gz, the time continued is t/4; Then inputting ��/2 deflection angle, the time length is t/2, apply in the choosing layer gradient of MRI system simultaneously just to choosing layer gradient Gz;
(5.2), MRI system is carried out stable state and excites by radiofrequency signal RF
Radiofrequency signal RF MRI system is excited in advance complete after, the choosing layer gradient of MRI system applies reverse choosing layer gradient-Gz, the time length isObtain initial fast imaging sequence single-shotEPI-SSFP, wherein, SRRepresent the switching rate selecting layer gradient in MRI system;
(6), stable single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence is obtained
MRI system starts to gather the pulse number of initial single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence, and undertaken measuring and preserving by the pulse signal gathered every time, when the ratio of decrease in strength of the continuous three subpulse signals in front and back is within 5%, then judge that single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence now reaches stable state; When the ratio of decrease in strength of the continuous three subpulse signals in front and back is not within 5%, then increases pulse number, until the ratio of the decrease in strength of the continuous three subpulse signals in front and back is within 5%, make single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence reach stable state.
The goal of the invention of the present invention is achieved in that
The production method of fast imaging sequence single-shotEPI-SSFP of the present invention, by the EPI sequence template chosen, MRI system is set, obtain the original state of MRI system, the deflection angle of the radiofrequency signal RF of input is calculated again according to the True-SSFP sequence template chosen, the strength of signal and time length selecting in MRI system and apply in layer gradient is calculated according to deflection angle, like this when input radio frequency signal RF, MRI system is excited by strength of signal and time length by calculating, obtain initial single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence, fast imaging sequence single-shotEPI-SSFP is generated after finally this sequence being carried out steady state process, this ensure that single-shotEPI-SSFP image quality is better than EPI sequence far away, imaging time is again much smaller than True-SSFP sequence, its image quality can meet clinical requirement, and imaging time shorter detection time that can reduce again patient, increase the mobility of patient.
Meanwhile, the production method of fast imaging sequence single-shotEPI-SSFP of the present invention also has following useful effect:
(1), single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence is before signal generates, it is applied with the excitation of a series of half-angle radio frequency, its objective is before signals collecting, half-angle excitation is utilized to make single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence reach stable state as early as possible, signal under such stable state, its intensity is higher and relatively stable, and image quality is also higher.
(2), the production method of fast imaging sequence single-shotEPI-SSFP, merge the formation method of EPI sequence and True-SSFP sequence, the image quality of the single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence of generation is made to be better than EPI sequence far away, imaging time, again much smaller than True-SSFP sequence, has the advantages that imaging time is short and image quality is high;
(3), the image peak value signal to noise ratio of single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence between EPI sequence and True-SSFP sequence, so its image quality is also between above two kinds of sequences. But single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence is better than the image effect of EPI sequence in the process and picture contrast of details, therefore the imaging time of single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence and image quality more can meet the dynamic imaging of heart, and image taking speed is far away faster than True-SSFP sequence.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the production method schema of fast imaging sequence single-shotEPI-SSFP of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the sequence chart of BEST sequence;
Fig. 3 is the analogous diagram of BEST sequence;
Fig. 4 is the sequence chart of True-SSFP sequence;
Fig. 5 is the analogous diagram of True-SSFP sequence;
Fig. 6 is the part sequential chart that single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence emulates when stable state;
Fig. 7 is the imaging effect figure of three kinds of sequence pair heads;
Fig. 8 is the image of three kinds of sequence pair same frequency spectrum distribution plans.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, so that the technician of this area understands the present invention better. Requiring particular attention is that, in the following description, when perhaps the detailed description of known function and design can desalinate the main contents of the present invention, these descriptions will be ignored here.
Embodiment
For convenience of description, first the relevant speciality term occurred in embodiment is described:
EPI:(echoplanarimaging): Echo-plane imaging pulse sequence;
True-SSFP:(truesteadystatefreeprocession): true steady state free precession sequence;
BEST:(Blippedechoplanarsingletechnique): a kind of distortion of original EPI.
Fig. 1 is the production method schema of fast imaging sequence single-shotEPI-SSFP of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the production method of a kind of fast imaging sequence single-shotEPI-SSFP of the present invention, mainly comprises the following steps:
The EPI sequence template that S1, basis are chosen arranges MRI system, it is determined that go out the original state of MRI system;
In the present embodiment, for cardiac imaging radiography, the kind choosing EPI sequence is BEST sequence. Reason be current clinical conventional be BEST sequence, this sequence implements relatively simple, and sequence artifact eliminating method is also more ripe, and the spatial resolution of sequence is higher. The sequence chart of BEST sequence, as shown in Figure 2, in figure, left-half represents the sequential chart of BEST sequence, right-hand part divides and then represents the fill order of BEST sequence in K space, owing to phase encoding gradient in BEST sequence is that gradation applies, so its data filling mode is that order is filled by row in K space; In the present embodiment, also BEST sequence being emulated separately, its emulation result is as shown in Figure 3;
The True-SSFP sequence that S2, basis are chosen, calculates the angle of deflection of radiofrequency signal RF
�� must satisfy condition into:
Wherein, T1It is longitudinal relaxation time during True-SSFP sequence nucleotide sequence imaging, T2It is T2 during True-SSFP sequence nucleotide sequence imaging, to make the strength of signal of image keep stable state in higher level, then accurately to be determined T1And T2Time value, make angle of deflection control in the scope of �� 3/8 ��;
In the present embodiment, choose suitable True-SSFP sequence, as shown in Figure 4, rectangular representation signal in figure or gradient magnetic, the time length of the length expression signal of rectangle, the intensity of the height expression signal of rectangle. As can be seen from the figure in True-SSFP sequence, first half-angle (��/2) excitation it is applied with, through the TR/2 time after-applied replace continuously �� the excitation pulse of ��, such applying mode can make True-SSFP sequence reach rapidly stable state; In the present embodiment, True-SSFP sequence being emulated separately again, its emulation result is as shown in Figure 5;
The parameter of S3, the choosing layer gradient determining MRI system according to deflection angle ��
(S3.1) t signal duration selecting and applying in layer gradient, is calculated
According toCalculating the required time length t applied in the choosing layer gradient of MRI system, wherein �� is gyromagnet ratio, TpIt is the time length of RF,Wherein B1Being the intensity of radiofrequency signal RF, �� f is the frequency spectrum bandwidth of radiofrequency signal RF;
(S3.2) the strength of signal G selecting and applying in layer gradient, is calculatedz,Wherein L is the thickness selecting layer gradient;
S4, input meet the radiofrequency signal RF described in step S2 and S3 to MRI system;
MRI system is excited process by S5, radiofrequency signal RF
MRI system is excited by S5.1, radiofrequency signal RF in advance
The choosing layer gradient of MRI system applies reverse choosing layer gradient Gz, the time continued is t/4; Then inputting ��/2 deflection angle, the time length is t/2, apply in the choosing layer gradient of MRI system simultaneously just to choosing layer gradient Gz;
In the present embodiment, single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence is applied with the half-angle excitation mutually similar with True-SSFP sequence before generating, its objective is before signals collecting, half-angle excitation is utilized to make single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence reach stable state as early as possible, signal under such stable state, its intensity is higher and relatively stable, and image quality is also higher;
MRI system is carried out stable state and excites by S5.2, radiofrequency signal RF
Radiofrequency signal RF MRI system is excited in advance complete after, the choosing layer gradient of MRI system applies reverse choosing layer gradient-Gz, the time length isObtain initial fast imaging sequence single-shotEPI-SSFP, wherein, SRRepresent the switching rate selecting layer gradient in MRI system;
S6, obtain stable single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence
MRI system starts to gather the pulse number of initial single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence, and undertaken measuring and preserving by the pulse signal gathered every time, when the ratio of decrease in strength of the continuous three subpulse signals in front and back is within 5%, then judge that single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence now reaches stable state; When the ratio of decrease in strength of the continuous three subpulse signals in front and back is not within 5%, then increases pulse number, until the ratio of the decrease in strength of the continuous three subpulse signals in front and back is within 5%, make single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence reach stable state. In the present embodiment, single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence being emulated, its emulation result is as shown in Figure 6;
Fig. 7 is the imaging effect figure of three kinds of sequence pair heads.
In the present embodiment, adopt BEST sequence, True-SSFP sequence and single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence pair head imaging respectively, the imaging time of three kinds of sequence pair cerebral tissues is as shown in table 1, wherein, Fig. 7 (a) is the image of EPI sequence pair cerebral tissue, in EPI sequence, also using chemistry He Ne laser saturation pulse as prepulsing, it can be seen that EPI sequence is become in image from Fig. 7 (a), there will be various artifact (artifact of edge is particularly serious), and image is mainly used for showing anatomical structure. Fig. 7 (b) is that True-SSFP sequence pair cerebral tissue is become image, in the past known in the analysis of true steady state free precession sequence: the strength of signal of this sequence and the proton density of imaging tissue, T1��T2All closely related. And can find out that this image is T from Fig. 7 (b)2Weighted image, this image is used for display organization pathology, and effect is better. The cerebral tissue image of single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence is as shown in Fig. 7 (c), it is compared with Fig. 7 (a), although figure still having a little artifact fail to eliminate, but the texture of its tissue and periphery details are more clear, contrast gradient is compared and is also increased with Fig. 7 (a), so overall picture quality still has very big degree to promote. Compared with Fig. 7 (b), the display of focus may be become image not as good as true steady state free precession sequence, but the display of details and texture is also more or less the same by it compared with Fig. 7 (b), and the most important thing is that in figure, imaging time is far smaller than the imaging time of Fig. 7 (b).
Table 1: three kinds of sequence pair cerebral tissue imaging time contrast tables
Fig. 8 is the image of three kinds of sequence pair same frequency spectrum distribution plans.
In the present embodiment, adopting three shown in Fig. 7 kind sequence, Fig. 8 (a) represents the one-tenth image that BEST sequence is formed, and as can be seen from the figure the frequency spectrum in image is concentrated not, causes occurring banded artifact in vertical direction; Fig. 8 (b) is the image that True-SSFP sequence is formed, it can be seen that this sequence is become the spectrum distribution of image very concentrated, and energy is Relatively centralized also; Fig. 8 (c) represents the image that single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence is formed, spectrum distribution in Fig. 8 (c) is more concentrated than Fig. 8 (a), and few banded artifact occurs in vertical direction, compared with Fig. 8 (b), its spectrum distribution is comparatively loose, and within tolerance interval.
The spectral imaging time of three kinds of sequences is added up simultaneously, as shown in table 2, the time that three kinds of imaging sequences time meets the cost of True-SSFP imaging sequences equally is maximum, and the time of single-shotEPI-SSFP imaging sequences is placed in the middle, and the shortest time of BEST sequence cost.
Table 2: the time cartogram of three kinds of sequence pair spectral imagings
Although above the embodiment of the present invention's explanation property being described; so that those skilled in the art understand the present invention; but should be clear; the invention is not restricted to the scope of embodiment; to those skilled in the art; as long as various change is in appended scope and the spirit and scope of the present invention determined, these changes are apparent, and all utilize the innovation and creation of present inventive concept all at the row of protection.
Claims (2)
1. the production method of a fast imaging sequence single-shotEPI-SSFP, it is characterised in that, comprise the following steps:
(1), MRI system is set according to the EPI sequence template chosen, it is determined that go out the original state of MRI system;
(2), according to the true_ssfp sequence chosen, the deflection angle �� of radiofrequency signal RF is calculated
�� must satisfy condition into:
Wherein, T1It is longitudinal relaxation time during true_ssfp sequence nucleotide sequence imaging, T2It it is T2 during true_ssfp sequence nucleotide sequence imaging;
(3) parameter of the choosing layer gradient of MRI system, is determined according to deflection angle ��
(3.1) t signal duration selecting and applying in layer gradient, is calculated
According toCalculating the required time length t applied in the choosing layer gradient of MRI system, wherein �� is gyromagnet ratio, TpIt is the time length of pulse,Wherein B1Being the intensity of radiofrequency signal RF, �� f is the frequency spectrum bandwidth of radiofrequency signal RF;
(3.2) the strength of signal G selecting and applying in layer gradient, is calculatedz
Wherein L is the thickness selecting layer gradient;
(4), input meets the radiofrequency signal RF described in step (2) and (3) to MRI system;
(5), MRI system is excited process by radiofrequency signal RF
(5.1), MRI system is excited by radiofrequency signal RF in advance
The choosing layer gradient of MRI system applies reverse choosing layer gradient Gz, the time continued is t/4; Then inputting ��/2 deflection angle, the time length is t/2, apply in the choosing layer gradient of MRI system simultaneously just to choosing layer gradient Gz;
(5.2), MRI system is carried out stable state and excites by radiofrequency signal RF
Radiofrequency signal RF MRI system is excited in advance complete after, the choosing layer gradient of MRI system applies reverse choosing layer gradient Gz, the time length isObtain initial fast imaging sequence single-shotEPI-SSFP, wherein, SRRepresent the switching rate selecting layer gradient in MRI system;
(6), stable single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence is obtained
MRI system starts to gather the pulse number of initial single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence, and undertaken measuring and preserving by the pulse signal gathered every time, when the ratio of decrease in strength of the continuous three subpulse signals in front and back is within 5%, then judge that single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence now reaches stable state; When the ratio of decrease in strength of the continuous three subpulse signals in front and back is not within 5%, then increases pulse number, until the ratio of the decrease in strength of the continuous three subpulse signals in front and back is within 5%, make single-shotEPI-SSFP sequence reach stable state.
2. the production method of fast imaging sequence single-shotEPI-SSFP according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, described angle of deflection controls within �� 3/8 ��.
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