CN104253685B - Symmetric key generation and the dynamic quantization method of distribution based on radio channel characteristic - Google Patents
Symmetric key generation and the dynamic quantization method of distribution based on radio channel characteristic Download PDFInfo
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- CN104253685B CN104253685B CN201410438527.2A CN201410438527A CN104253685B CN 104253685 B CN104253685 B CN 104253685B CN 201410438527 A CN201410438527 A CN 201410438527A CN 104253685 B CN104253685 B CN 104253685B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the Symmetric key generation based on radio channel characteristic and the dynamic quantization method of distribution, step includes：(1) detection obtains the characteristic quantity of the wireless communication signals, and marks off M time zone window according to the rate of change size of each characteristic quantity；(2) a kind of characteristic quantity is chosen as quantization variable according to the relative motion acceleration of communicating pair；(3) determine to quantify sum of series quantization step according to the numeric distribution for quantifying variable in time window；(4) divide quantized interval and quantized interval is indicated using binary number；(5) distinguish interval where numerical value and with quantized result of the interval binary number as the numerical value according to numerical values recited；(6) complete the binary number after the dynamic quantization processing of M time zone window, output quantization and be used as initial key information；This method can eliminate influence of the large scale information to overall cipher key match rate in wireless channel, improve channel characteristic information extraction efficiency and cipher key match rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to information security field, the more particularly to Symmetric key generation based on radio channel characteristic and distribution
Dynamic quantization method, it is adaptable to the Symmetric key generation and distribution mechanisms of existing wireless communications system.
Background technology
The development of hyundai electronicses cryptography has benefited from the progress of computing technique and mathematical theory, but deeply hurts.In mesh
Under the conditions of preceding computing technique, existing many cryptography schemes can be just decoded in the short period of time using grid computing, this
Information security to fields such as national defence, government affairs, commercial affairs constitutes very big threat.In recent years, one to being considered as safe unidirectional
Compression function MD5, SHA-0 etc. are proved there is potential safety hazard, and this further enhances sorrow of the people to classical cipher safety
Consider.The teaching aid puzzle system for widely using at present but not obtaining complete proof is likely to quilt when people are unexpected
Decode or be found there are fatal security breaches.In addition, quantum calculation also brought to classical cipher system it is unprecedented
Potential threat.The computation capability of quantum computer improves computational efficiency and arithmetic speed is improved into several orders of magnitude even
Higher, this makes current widely used cipher system can not resist the exhaustive attack (at least in theory) of quantum calculation, including
The system that this kind of complexity based on discrete logarithm problem of Diffie-Hellman IKEs is assumed.Therefore, research can
It is imperative with the cipher system for resisting quantum computation attack.All of these factors taken together all promotes private communication technology to next stage
Development.
It is a kind of brand-new cryptography system to be generated using radio channel characteristic and distribute symmetric key, in recent years in the world
On start to attract attention.Communicating pair utilizes the symmetry of radio channel characteristic, randomness and geographical sensitiveness generation strong correlation
The random number of property, and key is prepared with this.Communicating pair needs the channel characteristic value that scanning is obtained being quantified as binary bits
Sequence, and make the binary sequence of both sides consistent (or being matching) by information reconciliation technology.Finally, the enhancing skill that maintains secrecy is passed through
Art weeds out the information revealed during information reconciliation, ultimately generates key.
At present, the documents and materials grasped according to us show that the quantization link of existing wireless key generating process is used
Static quantization method is handled.This quantification manner does not account for the variable condition of large scale noise and channel to quantification effect
The influence of generation.When there is the noise of large scale, the binary number value sequence of generation in a certain quantization window can be caused a large amount of
Repeat, these binary number value sequences repeated can directly reduce the randomness of key；When channel state variations are fierce, if not having
Have and adaptive quantizing is carried out to channel characteristic value according to the change of channel, the error quantified can be caused to increase, cipher key match is reduced
Property with final key production rate, have a strong impact on the performance of whole system.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide the Symmetric key generation based on radio channel characteristic
With the dynamic quantization method of distribution, detection time section is divided into multiple time windows, and according to inspection in each time window
The feature Distribution value measured, it is determined that quantifying sum of series quantized interval, i.e., eliminates radio channel characteristic using dynamic quantization method
In influence of the large scale information to overall cipher key match rate, solve that channel characteristic information extraction efficiency is low and cipher key match rate is low
The problem of, the further processing of key provides the binary system initial key compared with high information quantity for after.
The object of the invention is achieved by following technical solution：
Symmetric key generation and the dynamic quantization method of distribution based on radio channel characteristic, comprise the following steps：
(1), the wireless communication signals of communicating pair are detected, the characteristic value of the wireless communication signals, institute is obtained
Characteristic value is stated including wireless communication signals amplitude, wireless communication signals phase and wireless communication signals Doppler frequency shift, and according to
Detection time region division is M time window by the rate of change of each characteristic value, and wherein M is positive integer；
(2), according to the relative motion acceleration A of communicating pair and the acceleration threshold value A of settingmaxMagnitude relationship, really
Quantification calculates variable X, specific to determine that method is as follows：
If A>Amax, then wireless communication signals phase or wireless communication signals Doppler frequency shift is selected to be used as quantum chemical method
Variable X；
If A≤Amax, then wireless communication signals amplitude is selected to be used as quantum chemical method variable X；
(3), in the 1~M time window, the quantization variable X determined according to step (2) is quantified, the amount of obtaining
Binary data after change, wherein the quantizing process in m-th of time window is as follows, wherein m is positive integer, and m values be 1~
M：
(3a), in m-th of time window, according to the size and system for quantifying value of the variable X in the time window
Score cloth, determines quantization series n and quantization step d that the progress in the time window quantifies, and wherein n is positive integer；
(3b), in m-th of time window, the quantization series n and quantization step d determined according to step (a) determines n
Individual quantized interval, and each quantized interval is indicated with n different binary numbers；
(3c), in m-th of time window, according to the numerical value x of the quantization variable X at each moment1, x2..., xNSize and
The quantized interval scope that step (b) is divided, judges numerical value xpThe quantized interval sequence number at place, and it is corresponding with the quantized interval
Binary number is used as numerical value xpQuantized value, wherein sum, x at the time of 1≤p≤N, N are in m-th time windowpFor p-th when
Carve the numerical value of variable X.
The above-mentioned Symmetric key generation based on radio channel characteristic and the dynamic quantization method of distribution, in step (1)
Communicating pair wireless communication signals are detected using wireless channel detection device, the feature of the wireless communication signals is obtained
Value.
The above-mentioned Symmetric key generation based on radio channel characteristic and the dynamic quantization method of distribution, in step (1)
The criterion for dividing M time window is that following require is met in same time window：
(a), wireless communication signals changes in amplitude rate is less than the changes in amplitude rate threshold value of default；
(b), wireless communication signals phase change rate is less than the phase change rate threshold value of default；
(c), the rate of change of wireless communication signals Doppler frequency shift is less than the Doppler frequency shift rate of change thresholding of default
Value.
Each threshold value value is bigger, and it is more that time window divides number M.
The above-mentioned Symmetric key generation based on radio channel characteristic and the dynamic quantization method of distribution, in step (3a)
Using the size and statistical distribution of the value for quantifying variable X in m-th of time window, determine that the progress in the time window is measured
The series n and quantization step d of change, its concrete methods of realizing are as follows：
(a) the average value Y for quantifying variable X is calculatedmeanWith standard deviation Ystd；
(b) by standard deviation YstdIt is used as quantization step d, i.e. quantization step d=Ystd；
(c) series n will be quantified to be defined as：N=2k+1, wherein:
Ceil [] represents the computing that rounds up.
The above-mentioned Symmetric key generation based on radio channel characteristic and the dynamic quantization method of distribution, in step (3b)
The quantized interval of division is respectively：
1st quantized interval be：
2nd quantized interval be：
3rd quantized interval be：
The like, q-th of quantized interval is：Wherein q is just whole
Number and 1≤q≤n.
The above-mentioned Symmetric key generation based on radio channel characteristic and the dynamic quantization method of distribution, in step (5),
Judge numerical value xpThe quantized interval at place, specific determination methods are as follows：
IfThen judge xpBelong to q-th of quantized interval, wherein q
For positive integer and 1≤q≤n.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art：
(1) dynamic quantization method proposed by the present invention, the rate of change of the characteristic quantity obtained according to detection, by detection time section
M time window is divided into, and according to the size and statistical value of characteristic quantity in each time window, by the sight in the time window
Measurement is divided into n quantized interval, and obtains quantization series n >=4 according to n choosing method, so that channel characteristics amount be converted
For binary number, the information content of communication can be effectively improved；
(2) dynamic quantization method proposed by the present invention, in each time window, according to the data distribution in the window certainly
Dynamic regulation quantifies sum of series quantization step, can effectively eliminate influence of the high level of noise occurred at random to quantization, raising amount
Change precision and channel characteristic information recovery rate, show the channel characteristic information of the dynamic quantization method of the present invention according to experimental test
Recovery rate is not less than 98%.
(3) dynamic quantization method proposed by the present invention, according to the distribution statisticses of the signal characteristic quantity in each time window
Value chooses rational quantization step, can effectively improve cipher key match rate.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is using the Symmetric key generation of dynamic quantization method of the present invention based on radio channel characteristic and distribution flow
Figure；
Fig. 2 is dynamic quantization method flow diagram of the invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Symmetric key generation based on radio channel characteristic is with dissemination system flow as shown in figure 1, wherein, mainly including letter
Road scanning, channel characteristics detection, sequential take aim at together, information quantization, information reconciliation, secrecy enhancing and the part of encryption and decryption seven, wherein " believe
Breath quantifies " realized using dynamic quantization method proposed by the present invention, initial key information is provided for next-step operation.
The present invention is using the large scale information in dynamic quantization method elimination radio channel characteristic to overall cipher key match rate
Influence, solve the problem of channel characteristic information extraction efficiency is low and cipher key match rate is low, the further processing of key after being
Binary system initial key compared with high information quantity is provided.
The dynamic quantization method of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
(1), communicating pair wireless communication signals detect using wireless channel detection device and obtain the radio communication
The characteristic value of signal, wherein, above-mentioned characteristic value includes wireless communication signals amplitude, wireless communication signals phase and radio communication
Signal Doppler frequency shift, and be M time window by detection time region division according to the rate of change of each characteristic value, wherein
Time window number M is determined by the characteristic value rate of change thresholding of default, i.e., in same time window, to be met as follows
Ask：
(a), wireless communication signals changes in amplitude rate is less than the changes in amplitude rate threshold value of default；
(b), wireless communication signals phase change rate is less than the phase change rate threshold value of default；
(c), the rate of change of wireless communication signals Doppler frequency shift is less than the Doppler frequency shift rate of change thresholding of default
Value；
Each threshold value value is bigger above, and time window division number M is more, and wherein M is positive integer；
(2) according to the relative motion acceleration A of communicating pair and the acceleration threshold value A of settingmaxMagnitude relationship, really
Quantification calculates variable X, specific to determine that method is as follows：
If A ＞ Amax, then wireless communication signals phase or wireless communication signals Doppler frequency shift is selected to be used as quantum chemical method
Variable X；
If A≤Amax, then wireless communication signals amplitude is selected to be used as quantum chemical method variable X；
(3), in the 1~M time window, the quantization variable X determined according to step (2) is quantified, the amount of obtaining
Binary data after change, wherein the quantizing process in m-th of time window is as follows, wherein m is positive integer, and m values be 1~
M：
(3a), in m-th of time window, according to the size and system for quantifying value of the variable X in the time window
Score cloth, determines quantization series n and quantization step d that the progress in the time window quantifies, and wherein n is positive integer；Wherein
The specific determination method for quantifying series n and quantization step d is as follows：
(3aa) calculates the average value Y for quantifying variable XmeanWith standard deviation Ystd；
(3ab) is by standard deviation YstdIt is used as quantization step d, i.e. quantization step d=Ystd；
(3ac) is defined as series n is quantified：N=2k+1, wherein:
Ceil [] represents the computing that rounds up；
(3b), in m-th of time window, the quantization series n and quantization step d determined according to step (a) determines n
Individual quantized interval, and each quantized interval is indicated with n different binary numbers；Wherein n quantized interval point
It is not：
1st quantized interval be：
2nd quantized interval be：
3rd quantized interval be：
The like, q-th of quantized interval is：Wherein q is positive integer
And 1≤q≤n；
(3c), in m-th of time window, according to the numerical value x of the quantization variable X at each moment1, x2..., xNSize and
The quantized interval scope that step (b) is divided, judges numerical value xpThe quantized interval sequence number at place, and it is corresponding with the quantized interval
Binary number is used as numerical value xpQuantized value, wherein sum, x at the time of 1≤p≤N, N are in m-th time windowpFor p-th when
Carve the numerical value of variable X.IfThen judge xpBelong to q-th of quantization area
Between.Then numerical value x is used as with the corresponding binary number of q-th of quantized intervalpQuantized value.
Dynamic quantization method using the present invention quantifies to radio channel characteristic value, the binary number after being quantified
According to the Symmetric key generation and the initial key of dissemination system as radio channel characteristic, show the present invention's according to experimental test
The channel characteristic information recovery rate of dynamic quantization method is not less than 98%.
Wherein, the method for characteristic value detection is carried out disclosed in following file using wireless channel detection device：
1st, Zhou Long, bang duckweed the scale-model investigation of wireless communication system channels [J] ray machine power information, 2010, (04)
2nd, yellow orange；Zhao Nan；Guo Kaitai；Guo Wanli；Encryption transmission system [J] technology based on wireless channel physical layer characteristic
Research, 2013, (03)
3rd, Liu stays, Tao Cheng, Yu Li, and Dong Wei brightness high-speed railways wireless channel measurement inquires into [J] telecommunications section with channel model
Learn, 2011, (05).
It is described above, it is only the optimal embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in,
It should all be included within the scope of the present invention.
The content not being described in detail in description of the invention belongs to the known technology of professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (6)
1. Symmetric key generation and the dynamic quantization method of distribution based on radio channel characteristic, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
(1), the wireless communication signals of communicating pair are detected, the characteristic value of the wireless communication signals, the spy is obtained
Value indicative includes wireless communication signals amplitude, wireless communication signals phase and wireless communication signals Doppler frequency shift, and according to described
Detection time region division is M time window by the rate of change of each characteristic value, and wherein M is positive integer；
(2), according to the relative motion acceleration A of communicating pair and the acceleration threshold value A of settingmaxMagnitude relationship, it is determined that amount
Change and calculate variable X, it is specific to determine that method is as follows：
If A>Amax, then wireless communication signals phase or wireless communication signals Doppler frequency shift is selected to be used as quantum chemical method variable
X；
If A≤Amax, then wireless communication signals amplitude is selected to be used as quantum chemical method variable X；
(3), in the 1~M time window, the quantization variable X determined according to step (2) is quantified, obtained after quantization
Binary data, wherein the quantizing process in m-th of time window is as follows, wherein m is positive integer, and m values are 1~M：
(3a), in m-th of time window, according to the size and statistical for quantifying value of the variable X in the time window
Cloth, determines quantization series n and quantization step d that the progress in the time window quantifies, and wherein n is positive integer；
(3b), in m-th of time window, the quantization series n and quantization step d determined according to step (3a) determines n amount
Change interval, and each quantized interval is indicated with n different binary numbers；
(3c), in m-th of time window, according to the numerical value x of the quantization variable X at each moment1, x2..., xNSize and step
The quantized interval scope that (3b) is divided, judges numerical value xpThe quantized interval sequence number at place, and with the quantized interval corresponding two
Binary data is used as numerical value xpQuantized value, wherein sum, x at the time of 1≤p≤N, N are in m-th time windowpFor p-th
The numerical value of moment variable X.
2. the Symmetric key generation according to claim 1 based on radio channel characteristic and the dynamic quantization method of distribution,
Characterized in that, being detected in step (1) using wireless channel detection device to communicating pair wireless communication signals, institute is obtained
State the characteristic value of wireless communication signals.
3. the Symmetric key generation according to claim 1 based on radio channel characteristic and the dynamic quantization method of distribution,
Characterized in that, the criterion that M time window is divided in the step (1) is to meet as follows in same time window
Ask：
(a), wireless communication signals changes in amplitude rate is less than the changes in amplitude rate threshold value of default；
(b), wireless communication signals phase change rate is less than the phase change rate threshold value of default；
(c), the rate of change of wireless communication signals Doppler frequency shift is less than the Doppler frequency shift rate of change threshold value of default；
Each threshold value value is bigger, and it is more that time window divides number M.
4. the Symmetric key generation according to claim 1 based on radio channel characteristic and the dynamic quantization method of distribution,
Characterized in that, utilizing the size and statistical distribution for the value for quantifying variable X in m-th of time window in step (3a), really
Series n and quantization step d that progress in the fixed time window quantifies, its concrete methods of realizing are as follows：
(a) the average value Y for quantifying variable X is calculatedmeanWith standard deviation Ystd；
(b) by standard deviation YstdIt is used as quantization step d, i.e. quantization step d=Ystd；
(c) series n will be quantified to be defined as：N=2k+1, wherein:
Ceil [] represents the computing that rounds up.
5. the Symmetric key generation according to claim 4 based on radio channel characteristic and the dynamic quantization method of distribution,
Characterized in that, the quantized interval divided in step (3b) is respectively：
1st quantized interval be：
2nd quantized interval be：
3rd quantized interval be：
The like, q-th of quantized interval is：Wherein q is positive integer and 1
≤q≤n。
6. the Symmetric key generation according to claim 5 based on radio channel characteristic and the dynamic quantization method of distribution,
Characterized in that, in step (3c), judging numerical value xpThe quantized interval at place, specific determination methods are as follows：
IfThen judge xpBelong to q-th of quantized interval, wherein q is just
Integer and 1≤q≤n.
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| CN108696867B (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2021-04-20 | 南京东科优信网络安全技术研究院有限公司 | Lightweight group key distribution method based on wireless channel characteristics |
| CN109600222B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2021-03-23 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Key generation method based on channel characteristics |
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| CN102244861A (en) * | 2011-08-14 | 2011-11-16 | 北京理工大学 | Method for generating symmetric keys based on random state of wireless channel |
| CN103167495A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2013-06-19 | 韩国电子通信研究院 | Apparatus and method for generating secret key using change in wireless channel on wireless communication network |
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| US8515061B2 (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2013-08-20 | The University Of Utah Research Foundation | Method and system for high rate uncorrelated shared secret bit extraction from wireless link characteristics |
| US8483387B2 (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2013-07-09 | Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. | Method for generating private keys in wireless networks |
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| CN102244861A (en) * | 2011-08-14 | 2011-11-16 | 北京理工大学 | Method for generating symmetric keys based on random state of wireless channel |
| CN103167495A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2013-06-19 | 韩国电子通信研究院 | Apparatus and method for generating secret key using change in wireless channel on wireless communication network |
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