CN104251767A - Gas flow field measurement system based on alternating-current discharge plasma sensors - Google Patents
Gas flow field measurement system based on alternating-current discharge plasma sensors Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a gas flow field measurement system based on alternating-current discharge plasma sensors. The system comprises a substrate, a plurality of plasma sensing units, and a judging device. The substrate is attached to the surface of an object to be measured. The plasma sensing units are all used for measuring flow conditions of an area which the object locates in; each plasma sensing unit comprises a plasma sensor and an alternating-current power source; the plasma sensor comprises a high-tension electrode and a ground electrode arranged oppositely on the surface of the substrate; one end of each alternating-current power source is connected to the corresponding high-tension voltage, the other end of the alternating-current power source is connected to the corresponding ground electrode, and the alternating-current power sources are used for providing operating voltage for the plasma sensors; the judging device is connected with the plasma sensing units and used for judging gas flow conditions of the positions according to voltage signals output by the plasma sensors. Compared with the existing gas flow field measurement systems, the gas flow field measurement system is simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost and high in precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of measuring technique and energy source and power technical field, particularly relate to a kind of gas flow field measuring system based on alternating current discharge plasma sensor.
Background technology
The aeroperformance basic demand improving aircraft reduces flight resistance, increase lift, to reduce the fuel consumption of aircraft.In addition, the important means improving aeromotor thrust-weight ratio reduces the progression of fan, pneumatic plant and turbine, reaches the object of weight reduction, and this just needs to optimize blade profile, increases load and the output work of their single-stages.And the resistance of aircraft, lift, and the aeroperformance of blade of aviation engine has the flow state of gas inseparable.
Below the flow state of gas is illustrated.First flow through the concept of flat board to the laminar region flowed, transition range, turbulent area for gas to be illustrated.As shown in Figure 1, being first laminar region when gas flows through body surface, is then transition range, is finally turbulent area, if there is separation flow also have Disengagement zone.Fluid layering flowing in laminar region, the track of fluid micellar does not have obvious irregular fluctuation; And in turbulent area the velocity fluctuation of fluid and pressure fluctuation all stronger; Transition range is the transitional region of laminar flow to turbulent flow.Because in laminar flow, the pulsation of fluid micellar is less, when thus gas is in laminar condition, the frictional resistance between gas and wall is less, but the ability of laminar gas opposing separation flow is more weak; Then in contrast, because in turbulent flow, fluid micellar pulsation is comparatively strong, the frictional resistance between gas and wall is comparatively large, and the ability of opposing separation flow is stronger for the gas being in turbulence state.
In aircraft, wing, engine blade, vane design of wind turbines, needing rationalization's gas in the flow state at wall place, if in order to reduce frictional resistance, just should gas be made to be in laminar condition as far as possible; As in order to make gas have the stronger ability resisting separation flow, gas just should be made as early as possible to be turned by laminar condition and to twist as turbulence state.Whether engineering design result rationally must be measured to check by experiment, and this just needs the flow state on Measurement accuracy aircraft, wing, engine blade, pneumatic equipment blades.
In order to accurately obtain, blade boundary-layer is separated, turning point position, and existing measurement of flow field system is for utilizing Doppler effect, or the principle of convection heat transfer is measured.But Laser Doppler Velocimeter needs the parts such as laser instrument, photomultiplier, transmission receiver, fiber coupler, thus its complex structure, cost are high; Hot-wire anemometer needs complicated circuit, and thus its cost is also higher.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical matters that will solve
In view of above-mentioned technical matters, the invention provides a kind of in the gas flow field measuring system of alternating current discharge plasma sensor, to provide the measurement of flow field system based on plasma sensor, reduce its complexity and cost, improve precision.
(2) technical scheme
The invention provides a kind of gas flow field measuring system based on alternating current discharge plasma sensor.This gas flow field measuring system comprises: substrate, is attached to the surface of testee; Several plasma sensing units, be respectively used to the mobility status measuring region, wherein, each plasma sensing unit comprises: plasma sensor, is included in the high-field electrode be oppositely arranged and the ground-electrode of described substrate surface; AC power, its one end is connected to described high-field electrode, and the other end is connected to described ground-electrode, for providing operating voltage for described plasma sensor; And decision maker, be connected with several plasma sensing units described, the voltage signal exported for utilizing plasma sensor judges the gas mobility status of its position.
(3) beneficial effect
As can be seen from technique scheme, the present invention produces plasma in the gas flow field measuring system of alternating current discharge plasma sensor by puncturing atmospherical discharges, is carried out the pulse state of perception air-flow, have following beneficial effect by plasma:
(1) width of plasma sensor electrode can accomplish the magnitude of micron, the flow state of measurement zones of different that so just can be meticulousr, thus gas flow field measuring system of the present invention has very high spatial resolution;
(2) high-voltage ac power, high-voltage probe, oscillograph, computing machine are all conventional products, can directly commercially purchase; The making of plasma sensor can adopt existing integrated circuit process technology, and thus processing cost is not high yet, thus gas flow field simple in measurement system structure of the present invention, cost are low;
(3) frequency of high-voltage ac power can reach hundreds of kHz, even MHz, determines that the measurement frequency band of gas flow field measuring system of the present invention is wide compared with the gas flow field measuring system of other types thus;
(4) when flexible material is selected in substrate, can be arranged in complex-curved on, thus gas flow field measuring system of the present invention can be applied to various different occasion;
(5) substrate of plasma sensor and electrode can do very thin, are directly pasted onto the surface measuring object, and thus can not affect the aerodynamic configuration measuring object, measurement result is more accurate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow state schematic diagram of dull and stereotyped overdraught;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the present embodiment based on the gas flow field measuring system of alternating current discharge plasma sensor;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the plasma sensing unit in the measuring system of gas flow field shown in Fig. 2;
The schematic diagram that Fig. 4 is the spacing between the sensing unit of plasma shown in Fig. 3 mesohigh electrode and ground-electrode and width;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of different plasma sensing station relation in the measuring system of gas flow field shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of plasma sensor orientation and airflow direction relation in the measuring system of gas flow field shown in Fig. 3;
The schematic diagram that Fig. 7 is the sensing unit of plasma shown in Fig. 3 mesohigh electrode and ground-electrode electrode tip shape;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of plasma sensor measuring speed pulsation;
Fig. 9 is the wall place difference flowing state region medium velocity pulsating waveform utilizing hot-wire anemometer measurement to obtain;
Figure 10 is the corresponding relation schematic diagram between flowing gas state and statistical parameter.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.The implementation not illustrating in accompanying drawing or describe is form known to a person of ordinary skill in the art in art.Although herein can providing package containing the demonstration of the parameter of particular value, should be appreciated that, parameter without the need to definitely equaling corresponding value, but can be similar to corresponding value in acceptable error margin or design constraint.In addition, the direction term mentioned in following examples, such as " on ", D score, "front", "rear", "left", "right" etc., be only the direction with reference to accompanying drawing.Therefore, the direction term of use is used to illustrate and is not used for limiting the present invention.
The present invention utilizes air-flow can be reacted to principle on the output voltage signal of plasma sensor in the pulsation of zones of different, and the voltage signal exported by analyzing plasma sensor just can capture the flow state of gas at diverse location.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, provide a kind of gas flow field measuring system based on alternating current discharge plasma sensor.As shown in Figure 2, this gas flow field measuring system comprises: substrate, several plasma sensing unit, oscillograph and decision makers.Wherein, substrate is attached to the surface of testee.Plasma sensor in several plasma sensing units is attached to the diverse location of substrate surface, for perception by the fluid mobility status of position.Oscillograph, for observing the waveform being measured the voltage signal obtained by each plasma sensing unit.Decision maker is connected with several plasma sensing units described, and the voltage signal exported for utilizing plasma sensor judges the gas mobility status of its position.
The present embodiment comprises oscillograph, and it is shared by multiple plasma sensing unit, the modulation wave signal that the observation plasma sensor that user can be allowed directly perceived, convenient, real-time exports.But the present invention also can not comprise oscillograph, do not affect enforcement of the present invention equally.
Below respectively the gas flow field measuring system of the present embodiment based on alternating current discharge plasma sensor is described in detail.
Substrate can embed or be pasted onto the surface of testee.Wherein, substrate thickness is 0.001-100mm, and material can be polyimide, Teflon, teflon, nylon, plastics, pottery, quartz glass.
Please refer to Fig. 3, plasma sensing unit comprises: plasma sensor, is included in the high-field electrode be oppositely arranged and the ground-electrode of substrate surface; AC power, its one end is connected to high-field electrode, and the other end is connected to ground-electrode, for providing operating voltage for plasma sensor; High-voltage probe, its high-pressure side is connected to high-field electrode, and its earth terminal is connected to ground-electrode, for decaying to the voltage signal exported, and by the voltage signal input decision maker after decay.
Leave certain gap between high-field electrode and ground-electrode, under the effect of High Level AC Voltage, the air between gap is ionized and generates weakly ionized low temperature plasma.When air-flow is by discharging gap, the fluctuation of air-flow can have an impact to electric discharge, and potential electrode voltage just can reaction gas flow situation about fluctuating.
High-voltage probe is the conventional parts in this area, and the present embodiment does not make improvements, and will not describe in detail to it.Below highlight plasma sensor to be introduced.
For each plasma sensor, it all has corresponding AC power.This AC power can provide voltage to be 0.001kV ~ 100kV, and frequency is the AC signal of 0.01kHz ~ 100000kHz.In other preferred embodiments of the present invention, AC power provides voltage to be 0.1kV ~ 10kV, and frequency is the AC signal of 10kHz ~ 1MHz.
It should be noted that, the operating voltage amplitude provided when AC power is higher than 0.1kV; This gas flow field measuring system also comprises: high-voltage probe.And when operating voltage amplitude is lower than 0.1kV, also this high-voltage probe can not be set.
Please refer to Fig. 4, the space D 1 between the high-field electrode of plasma sensor and ground-electrode is between 0.00001mm ~ 10mm; Electrode width D2 is between 0.0001mm ~ 10mm; Thickness of electrode is between 0.00001mm ~ 10mm.
In other preferred embodiments of the present invention, the space D 1 of high-field electrode and ground-electrode is between 0.001mm ~ 1mm; Electrode width D2 is between 0.01mm ~ 10mm; Thickness of electrode is between 0.001mm ~ 1mm.
Please refer to Fig. 5, plasma sensor adopts single-row form of straight lines, and the distance D wherein between adjacent plasma body sensor is between 0.001mm ~ 10mm, and plasma sensor number is between 1 ~ 10000.In other preferred embodiments of the present invention, plasma sensor adopts single-row form of straight lines, and the distance between adjacent plasma body sensor is between 0.1mm ~ 10mm, and the number of plasma sensor is between 10 ~ 100.
In addition, although plasma sensor adopts single-row form of straight lines in the present embodiment, the present invention is not as limit, and when substrate breadth is wider, plasma sensor can also adopt the form of multiple row array, no longer describes in detail herein.
Please refer to Fig. 6, the angle between airflow direction and plasma sensor arranged direction is 90 degree, but the present invention is not as limit, and the angle between airflow direction and plasma sensor arranged direction can be any number between 0 ~ 180 degree.
Please refer to Fig. 7, the end shape of plasma sensor mesohigh electrode and ground-electrode can be circular arc, triangle or serrate.But the present invention is not as limit, this end shape can also be other shapes that those skilled in the art can expect, such as ellipse etc.
In the present embodiment, the material of plasma sensor is platinum or tungsten.But the present invention is not as limit, the material of this plasma sensor can also be molybdenum, steel, copper, magnesium oxide, manganese oxide etc.
In the present embodiment, decision maker is computing machine.It should be noted that, oscillograph and computing machine jointly use described in whole plasma sensor, and only give the connection of first plasma sensor and oscillograph and computing machine in Fig. 3, other plasma sensor is similar.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of plasma sensor measuring speed pulsation.As shown in Figure 8, because the pulsation of air-flow can have an impact to gas discharge, thus the output voltage of plasma sensor electrode can fluctuate with the fluctuation of air-flow, and that is plasma sensor output voltage has been carried out amplitude modulation by gas.Wherein, the information of gas is just included in modulating wave, and the output voltage signal of high-voltage ac power serves the effect of carrier wave.
Fig. 9 is the wall place difference flowing state region medium velocity pulsating waveform utilizing hot-wire anemometer measurement to obtain.The feature that different flowing state region plasma sensor obtains signal is introduced below in conjunction with Fig. 8 and Fig. 9:
(1) for laminar region, because the pulsation of its gas velocity is more weak, the amplitude frequency that is less, waveform showing as waveform at velocity fluctuation waveform is lower;
(2) for turbulent area, because the pulsation of its gas velocity is comparatively strong, the amplitude frequency that is comparatively large, waveform showing as waveform at velocity fluctuation waveform is higher;
(3) transition range is the transitional region of laminar flow to turbulent flow, air-flow is understand the very strong pulsation of intermittent appearance at the pulsatile characteristics of transition range, the main body amplitude that velocity fluctuation waveform in fig. 8 shows as waveform is less, but intermittently can occur very large amplitude, makes waveform present burr shape.
Thus, the plasma sensor output voltage waveforms feature of diverse location is compared, just can be judged the flow state of this position air-flow, as somewhere voltage signal by the frequency of amplitude modulation and amplitude all less, then the stream condition of this position is laminar flow; Voltage signal as somewhere is all comparatively large by the frequency of amplitude modulation and amplitude, then the stream condition of this position is turbulent flow; If the voltage signal in somewhere is burr shape by the amplitude of amplitude modulation, then the air-flow of this position is in transition range.
Illustrate based on above-mentioned principle, decision maker judges laminar region that gas flows, transition range, Disengagement zone according to the feature of voltage signal vibration frequency, it can comprise: voltage signal extraction module, for extracting the voltage signal (T >=30s) in a period of time T obtained by a plasma sensor; Modulating wave extraction module, for the frequency according to described alternating voltage, extracts the modulation wave signal of air-flow from described voltage signal; Statistical nature extraction module, for carrying out statistical study to the modulation wave signal of described air-flow, obtains its mean value, root mean square and measure of skewness; And determination module, for by the mean value of modulation wave signal, root mean square and measure of skewness, judge the stream condition of described plasma sensor position, wherein:
(1) measure of skewness is 0 and root mean square is 0, then position air-flow is in laminar condition;
(2) measure of skewness is 0 and mean value and root mean square are maximal value, or measure of skewness is not 0, then position air-flow is in turn and twists state;
(3) measure of skewness is 0, root mean square and mean value is not 0, and root mean square and mean value are not maximal value, then position air-flow is in turbulence state.
So far, by reference to the accompanying drawings the present embodiment has been described in detail.Describe according to above, those skilled in the art should have the gas flow field measuring system that the present invention is based on alternating current discharge plasma sensor and have clearly been familiar with.
In addition, the above-mentioned definition to each element is not limited in the various concrete structure or shape mentioned in embodiment, and those of ordinary skill in the art can replace it with knowing simply, such as:
(1) plasma sensor electrode can also adopt unsymmetric form, and the length as high-field electrode and ground-electrode can be different; High-field electrode and ground-electrode
(2) obtain computing machine for data processing to replace with single-chip microcomputer.
In sum, the invention provides a kind of gas flow field measuring system based on alternating current discharge plasma sensor.This gas flow field measuring system carrys out the feature of reactant gas flow by the output voltage of plasma sensor, multiple plasma sensor arranged in arrays just can be captured the particular location of the flow region such as laminar region, transition range, turbulent area and Disengagement zone of gas flowing at body surface, there is the advantage that system is simple, cost is low, precision is high, aerodynamic experiment test can be widely used in, be applicable to the industries such as Flight Vehicle Design, turbomachinery design, energy source and power.
Above-described specific embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; be understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1., based on a gas flow field measuring system for alternating current discharge plasma sensor, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Substrate, is attached to the surface of testee;
Several plasma sensing units, be respectively used to the mobility status measuring region, wherein, each plasma sensing unit comprises:
Plasma sensor, is included in the high-field electrode be oppositely arranged and the ground-electrode of described substrate surface;
AC power, its one end is connected to described high-field electrode, and the other end is connected to described ground-electrode, for providing operating voltage for described plasma sensor; And
Decision maker, be connected with several plasma sensing units described, the voltage signal exported for utilizing plasma sensor judges the gas mobility status of its position.
2. gas flow field measuring system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described AC power provides the amplitude of operating voltage between 0.001kV ~ 100kV, and frequency is between 0.01k ~ 100000kHz.
3. gas flow field measuring system according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the operating voltage amplitude that described AC power provides is higher than 0.1kV;
This gas flow field measuring system also comprises: high-voltage probe, and its high-pressure side is connected to described high-field electrode, and its earth terminal connects the ground-electrode that is set forth in, for decaying to the voltage signal exported, and by the voltage signal input decision maker after decay.
4. gas flow field measuring system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the space D 1 between the high-field electrode of described plasma sensor and ground-electrode is between 0.00001mm ~ 10mm; Electrode width D2 is between 0.0001mm ~ 10mm; Thickness of electrode is between 0.00001mm ~ 10mm.
5. gas flow field measuring system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described plasma sensor adopts single-row form of straight lines or multiple row array format, distance D between adjacent plasma body sensor is between 0.001mm ~ 10mm, and plasma sensor number is between 1 ~ 10000.
6. gas flow field measuring system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the angle between airflow direction and described plasma sensor arranged direction is the numerical value between 0 ~ 180 degree.
7. gas flow field measuring system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the end shape of described plasma sensor mesohigh electrode and ground-electrode is circular arc, triangle, ellipse or serrate.
8. gas flow field measuring system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the material of described plasma sensor mesohigh electrode and ground-electrode be selected from following material one of them: platinum, tungsten, molybdenum, steel, copper, magnesium oxide or manganese oxide.
9. gas flow field measuring system according to any one of claim 1 to 7, is characterized in that, described decision maker comprises:
Voltage signal extraction module, for extracting the voltage signal in a period of time T obtained by a plasma sensor;
Modulating wave extraction module, for the frequency according to described alternating voltage, extracts the modulation wave signal of air-flow from described voltage signal;
Statistical nature extraction module, for carrying out statistical study to the modulation wave signal of described air-flow, obtains its mean value, root mean square and measure of skewness; And
Determination module, for by the mean value of modulation wave signal, root mean square and measure of skewness, judges the stream condition of described plasma sensor position.
10. gas flow field measuring system according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described determination module judges the stream condition of plasma sensor position based on following principle:
Measure of skewness is 0 and root mean square is 0, then position air-flow is in laminar condition;
Measure of skewness is 0 and mean value and root mean square are maximal value, or measure of skewness is not 0, then position air-flow is in turn and twists state;
Measure of skewness is 0, root mean square and mean value are not 0, and root mean square and mean value are not maximal value, then position air-flow is in turbulence state.
11. gas flow field measuring systems according to any one of claim 1 to 7, is characterized in that, also comprise:
Oscillograph, for observing the waveform being measured the voltage signal obtained by each plasma sensing unit.
12. gas flow field measuring systems according to any one of claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that, described substrate thickness is 0.001-100mm, its material be selected from following material one of them: polyimide, Teflon, teflon, nylon, plastics, pottery, quartz glass.
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| CN111175010A (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2020-05-19 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Large-caliber hypersonic-velocity low-density wind tunnel flow field display system based on high-frequency glow |
| CN111520352A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-11 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Device and method for regulating and controlling flow of blade profile boundary layer of gas compressor by utilizing plasma excitation |
| CN115683538A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-02-03 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Wind tunnel dust environment simulation device and method based on plasma excitation |
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