CN104244544A - Filament short circuit type energy-saving lamp - Google Patents
Filament short circuit type energy-saving lamp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104244544A CN104244544A CN201310331852.4A CN201310331852A CN104244544A CN 104244544 A CN104244544 A CN 104244544A CN 201310331852 A CN201310331852 A CN 201310331852A CN 104244544 A CN104244544 A CN 104244544A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- filament
- resonant
- circuit
- lamp
- fluorescent tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 22
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002784 hot electron Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 11
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- -1 argon ion Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- BQPIGGFYSBELGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury(2+) Chemical compound [Hg+2] BQPIGGFYSBELGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010433 powder painting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036449 good health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000272534 Struthio camelus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010000496 acne Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000763 evoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a filament short-circuit type energy-saving lamp, which at least comprises an electronic ballast driving circuit, a fluorescent tube, a resonant inductor, a resonant capacitor, a direct-current blocking capacitor and two leads; the driving circuit is connected with an input power supply in parallel and is used for driving a series resonant circuit consisting of a resonant capacitor, a resonant inductor and a direct-current blocking capacitor; the lamp tube is provided with a lamp filament in each end, a lead exposed outside the lamp tube of each lamp filament is connected to the two ends of the resonant capacitor, and the other lead exposed outside the lamp tube of each lamp filament is connected to the input power supply through the direct current blocking capacitor and connected to the driving circuit through the resonant inductor; the wires short-circuit the filaments, respectively. Even if the filament is disconnected, the driving circuit can still drive the series resonant circuit to generate a resonant high voltage to ignite the lamp tube, and after the lamp tube is ignited, the series resonant circuit generates a resonant low voltage to maintain the normal lighting operation of the lamp tube.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electricity-saving lamp technical field, particularly relate to a kind of electricity-saving lamp of open filament type.
Background technology
Consult shown in Fig. 1, the principle of luminosity of traditional energy-saving lamp is filling argon (argon in an airtight glass lamp 10, be called for short Ar) etc. the mercury (mercury of inert gas and trace, be called for short Hg), and on fluorescent tube 10 inwall applying particulate fluorescence coating (Phosphor Layer), these fluorescent tube 10 two ends are respectively equipped with filament 101, 102, described filament 101, one end of 102 is connected to a starter 11(Starter respectively), the other end is then respectively by a ballast (ballast) 14 and a diverter switch 15(Switch) be connected to an AC power 16, this starter 11 is formed in parallel primarily of a capacitor 12 and a little neon light 13, neon (neon is full of in this little neon light 13, be called for short Ne), and be provided with two electrodes 131, 132, these electrodes 131, be open-circuit condition between stand-down between 132, this starter 11 is according to the following step, light fluorescent tube 10:
(1) after this diverter switch 15 is switched on, interior two electrodes 131 of little neon light 13, neon between 132 can discharge heating, and then electrode 132 is heated and flexural deformation, and contact conducting with another electrode 131, form short circuit, and then make electric current by this little neon light 13, flow through this filament 101, 102, and to filament 101, 102 heat, make filament 101, 102 produce a large amount of hot electron because heating up heating, but, now, due to the control of ballast 14, make the voltage at fluorescent tube 10 two ends, be not enough to make the current lead-through in this fluorescent tube 10 and luminous.
(2) then because of the short circuit between two electrodes 131,132, make neon therebetween, because losing voltage, and stop electric discharge and heating, electrode 132 is caused to be lowered the temperature, and departing from the state that contacts with another electrode 131, instantaneous trip flows through the electric current of this starter 11, filament 101,102 and ballast 14.
(3) this ballast 14 suddenly disappearing because of electric current, it is the capacitor 12 coordinating starter 11, vibrate a high voltage, this high voltage major part absorbed by ballast 14, and at leap two filaments 101, between 102, maintain its magnitude of voltage a period of time, though this high voltage is not enough to light fluorescent tube 10, but be enough to force two filaments 101, 102 hot electrons produced evoke photoelectric effect (photoelectric effect) in fluorescent tube 10, and then make argon carry out chain gas discharge (gas discharge), and produce argon ion and argon electronics, the energy that argon electron institute has, be enough to make mercury carry out chain gas discharge, and multiply a large amount of mercury ion and mercury electronics, and fly separately to alter, collide with each other raw going out, cause electricity slurry (plasma) forming a dynamic equilibrium (equilibrium) in fluorescent tube 10 eventually, now, because mercury electronics carries ultraviolet light (ultraviolet light) energy, when it flies to the fluorescence coating of collision fluorescent tube 10 inwall, fluorescence coating will absorb UV energy, and discharge visible ray, electricity-saving lamp is made to start Discharge illuminating.
Due to, fluorescence coating is crystal type structure, each atom is positioned in lattice, though this crystal structure can not change in theory, but, after being subject to the shock (bombardment) of kinetic energy mercury ion and argon ion, atom in lattice is still very easily overflowed lattice, and causes producing amorphous layer (amorphous layer) on this fluorescence coating surface, and this amorphous layer not only can make it lose the function sending visible ray, more can, when this amorphous layer thickness increases gradually, brightness be reduced gradually.In addition, after mercury ion shock fluorescence coating, the situation in fluorescence coating is easily imbedded.Therefore when the phenomenon that generation is decrystallized and mercury atom is imbedded, the luminosity of fluorescence coating will successively decrease with lighting time, though this is one of reason of electricity-saving lamp optical attenuation, the unlikely electricity-saving lamp that causes cannot use.
Through investigating the main cause causing electricity-saving lamp to die, number of times is lighted closely bound up with it, consult again shown in Fig. 1, when ballast 14 is to two filaments 101, 102 apply high voltage, make filament 101, gas in the 102 hot electron accelerating impact fluorescent tubes 10 produced, when reaching free state to make gas, because lighting a large amount of electronics and the atom splash that irregular shock produces in fluorescent tube 10 (sputtering) of moment, very easily cause two filaments 101, the electronic powder consume of coating on 102, therefore, after electricity-saving lamp is lit and reaches certain number of times, electronic powder will because of splash action, and gradually by the extremely contiguous filament 101 of splash, the lamp tube ends inwall of 102, cause so-called " blackhead phenomenon ", now, due to two filaments 101, on 102, the electronic powder of coating consumes gradually and treats to the greatest extent, cannot produce and be enough to evoke photoelectric hot electron in fluorescent tube 10, electricity-saving lamp namely can when being lit, glimmer.Otherwise, if before fluorescent tube 10 is lit, filament 101,102 can be preheated to sufficient temp, make the electronic powder on filament 101,102 because obtaining enough energy, and around filament 101,102, when launching enough hot electrons, follow-uply be applied to voltage between filament 101,102 without the need to too high, gas in the hot electron accelerating impact fluorescent tube 10 that filament 101,102 also can be made easily to produce, reach the state of gas discharge, the starting method of this kind of preheating filament, significantly can reduce the loss of filament electronic powder painting in ignition.
In recent years, for improving traditional starter uppity problem in pre-thermal characteristics, industry is the power switch that have employed a timing circuit and be driven by it, replace traditional rainbow starter, be commonly referred to as electronic starter, though this type of electronic starter can solve the control problem of warm-up time, but the resonant inductance that preheat curent and lamp current are still produced by electromagnetic type ballast (Magnetic Ballast) determines, both are independent design not easily, and the material unshakable in one's determination of electromagnetic type ballast is low frequency silicon steel sheet, have bulky, the shortcomings such as heavy and efficiency is poor.In view of this, industry is that development and Design goes out various electronic ballast (Electronic Ballast) successively, to replace the electromagnetic type ballast of aforementioned conventional, but these electronic ballasts still must be followed and aforementionedly light step, otherwise, to the mistake of filament pre-heating with too late, still can affect the life-span of electricity-saving lamp, the electronic ballast that outline is several frequently seen and shortcoming as follows:
(1) PTC preheated type electronic ballast: consult shown in Fig. 2, its basic framework is half-bridge LC resonant circuit, and a PTC resistor PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient Resistor) wherein and a resonant capacitor Cr are in parallel; The characteristic of PTC is that its resistance value can in several ohm at normal temperatures, but when electric current is by after making it generate heat, the resistance value of PTC can be elevated to suddenly millions of (Mega) ohm; Dealer is the afore-mentioned characteristics utilizing PTC, make ballast in time starting shooting, the low-resistance value of PTC can be utilized, and have larger electric current first to flow through the filament at fluorescent tube 100 two ends, to filament heating, suddenly millions of ohm is become when PTC is heated to gradually, and just as in the process of open-circuit condition, LC resonant circuit (be made up of resonant inductor Lr and resonant capacitor Cr) also progressively raises its oscillating voltage, eventually to producing a high voltage enough allowing argon gas free on resonant capacitor Cr, and light fluorescent tube 100.But, inconsistent due to the volume production characteristic of PTC, often can make filament lighting when preheating deficiency, and allow argon ion have a lot of chance to remove to clash into filament, and then cause filament impaired to disconnecting gradually, therefore, general PTC preheated type electronic ballast only can make fluorescent tube 100 maintain about about 5000 times light the life-span; Moreover due to PTC element hot soak condition (100 ~ 130 DEG C), the consume of electric energy that it causes is at least about between 0.5 watt to 1 watt, and this also significantly reduces the overall efficiency of PTC preheated type electronic ballast.
(2) frequency converting and preheating formula electric ballast: consult shown in Fig. 3, its basic framework is still half-bridge LC resonant circuit, wherein an a resonant capacitor Cr and resonant inductor Lr constitutes a resonant circuit, its preheating method is produce a swept-frequency signal from high to lower by a frequency sweep drive circuit 110, drive half-bridge LC resonant circuit, the IC aiming at this patten's design is on the market quite a lot of, as: Philips UBA2021, International Rectifier IR2156 etc., its preheating and startup principle is: when just starting shooting, this frequency sweep drive circuit 110 can produce one higher than the drive singal of the resonance frequency by this resonant circuit, allow the electric current energy preheating filament flowing through resonant capacitor Cr, now, because the voltage on this resonant capacitor Cr is still not enough to light fluorescent tube 100, therefore until the drive singal that this frequency sweep drive circuit 110 produces frequency gradually towards this resonant circuit resonance frequency near time, the heater current flowing through this resonant capacitor Cr can diminish gradually, voltage on this resonant capacitor Cr then can be more and more higher, causes eventually and light fluorescent tube 100.But, but there is a blind spot in this Design Thinking, namely when preheating filament, the hot electron that filament produces is not accumulated in filament periphery, otherwise, can be dispersed in fluorescent tube 100 because the alternating voltage on this resonant capacitor Cr raises gradually, very easily during preheating, fluorescent tube 100 is not yet lit, namely in fluorescent tube 100, arc discharge electric current (glow current) has been produced, this arc discharge electric current and argon ion bombardment filament and the electric current that generates, very easily make the electronic powder that filament is coated with accelerate loss.
As previously mentioned, the circuit of electronic ballast is developed so far, the basic framework that its energy transmits is mostly aforementioned half-bridge resonance circuit, though point self-excitation and its sharp two class in control, but its circuit seems that difference is little, refer to Edison 21W energy-saving lamp circuit of the GE of US business shown in Fig. 4 company also in peddling, and the energy-saving lamp circuit of the PHILIPS of He Shang shown in Fig. 5 HELIX23W of company also in peddling, the two all belongs to self-excited oscillation circuit, US business IR company shown in Fig. 6 is for promoting its control IC (IR2520D) in the circuit of electricity-saving lamp, then belong to independent-excited oscillating circuit.The hereby careful circuit working principle for aforementioned a few money electronic ballast and shortcoming thereof, analyze and be described as follows:
(1) the auto-excitation type electric formula ballast shown in Fig. 4 and 5 must be provided with a start-up circuit, its start-up circuit is by R4, R6, C8 and DA1 (diode for alternating current) formed, the principle making this ballast maintain vibration utilizes an easily saturated magnetic core, make a driving transformer, recycle this driving transformer and drive these power switchs Q1 respectively, Q2, this driving transformer comprises three winding (L20, L21, L22), wherein armature winding L20 is serially connected on a resonant circuit, two secondary winding L21, L22 is connected to power switch Q1 with contrary polarity, on the input of Q2, instantly after arm switch is activated circuit turn-on, the magnetic flux of this driving transformer can order about these power switchs Q1 between just saturated and negative saturated, the mutual conducting of Q2, and make the resonant current oscillations that resonant inductor Lr and resonant capacitor Cr forms, before fluorescent tube LAMP is not also lit, fluorescent tube is just as open circuit, and allow voltage boost voltage again and again on resonant capacitor Cr, until the argon gas in fluorescent tube LAMP is dissociated, and then cause mercury to be vaporized fluorescent material that free produced ultraviolet can excite tube wall, send visible ray, now, fluorescent tube LAMP has gasified due to mercury and has dissociated, voltage on it declines thereupon, in high frequency just as a resistance, circuit becomes the oscillate between inductor and resistor substantially, its size of current is decided by the saturation current of driving transformer, its frequency decides primarily of the inductance of resonant inductor Lr and fluorescent tube resistance, fluorescent tube LAMP is like this by lasting some light yellow.The difference of circuit shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the resistor PTC that Fig. 4 is parallel with a positive temperature coefficient on fluorescent tube, its resistance value is between several ohm at normal temperatures, when turning on light by flowing through the electric current of resistor PTC, first preheating is carried out to the filament of fluorescent tube LAMP, after resistor PTC is generated heat by electric current, its resistance value can be elevated to suddenly megohm level, now, a high voltage that resonant capacitance Cr can vibrate lights fluorescent tube, the filament be preheated first can launch hot electron to stop the shock of argon ion, and extend the life-span of filament, reason is like this, but unmatched resistor PTC may allow argon gas once just not dissociate successfully, make filament by more argon ion bombardment on the contrary, and shorten the life-span, this is perhaps exactly the true cause that circuit shown in Fig. 5 does not add the resistor PTC of positive temperature coefficient, this the experiment proved that also like this.
(2) half-bridge power switch that the independent-excited electronic ballast shown in Fig. 6 uses is Power MOS, indicating MHS person is upper arm switch, indicating MLS person is lower arm switch, indicating LRES person is resonant inductor, indicating CDC person is balanced capacitor, indicating CRES person is resonant capacitor, and IR2520D is upper underarm half bridge control, on this, underarm half bridge control first can send the frequency also higher with the resonance frequency of resonant capacitor CRES than resonant inductor LRES at the beginning, then, frequency starts down to sweep, when high frequency, resonant inductor LRES and resonant capacitor CRES can not get up by resonance, electric current now can flow through resonant capacitor CRES and filament, and reach the effect of filament pre-heating, time near the resonance frequency sweeping to resonant inductor LRES and resonant capacitor CRES under frequency, the high voltage that resonant capacitor CRES just can produce resonance carrys out free argon gas, after fluorescent tube is lit, be parked in default frequency by driving frequency, to continue to light fluorescent tube.
But no matter use the electricity-saving lamp of that a kind of electronic ballast aforementioned, after electricity-saving lamp uses certain period, often can disconnect because of filament, cannot continue to use, and be abandoned, now, electronic ballast is wherein in fact still intact, is very unfortunate.Even, due to, the filament of electricity-saving lamp is all placed on the series position between resonant inductor and resonant capacitor, therefore when filament is aging attenuate time, the moment that also often can be activated at electronic ballast, because the energy on resonant inductor and resonant capacitor both sides is pullled mutually, position filament being about to fracture is caused to occur arcing, and then starting arc, now, if control circuit is continuous firing still, the high temperature that this electric arc produces burnouts filament most probably, even, burn the pillar of filament supports, and the plastic allowing lamp holder produce high temperature and ignite outside lamp holder, lead to fire unexpected, until the circuit of this electronic ballast is burnt, electric arc just can stop, although, the probability of starting arc only has a few percent, but, once cause, then consequence is hardly imaginable, and it is very dangerous.
So far, dealer, for the problem of aforementioned starting arc, is nearly all with faced by ostrich phychology, namely, only mat uses relatively weak power switch or electronic component, make various electronic ballast can burn in advance when fluorescent tube is aging, this stopgap measure, though still can test by lamp tube life end, but, if the design of power switch not as expected as first burn, then unexpected danger of catching fire still is present in various electronic ballast, and cannot escape by luck.Due to, these traditional energy-saving lamp, when dying, are all the modes disconnecting filament or burn circuit, carry out end lives, become discarded object, not only cause the unnecessary waste of resource, also cause severe contamination to environment.For this; though there are many dealers once to attempt to set up chip and the circuit of a tool self-protective mechanism in various electronic ballast; to protect this electronic ballast; but; when filament disconnects and causes electricity-saving lamp to be died; wherein intact in good health electronic ballast still can be abandoned along with electricity-saving lamp in the lump, makes to become have no economic implications because setting up many manpowers input by this self-protective mechanism, time and cost.
Therefore, how to design a kind of electricity-saving lamp, except when rupturing, high-energy electric arc can not be produced, to avoid outside initiation fire danger because of aging or flaw at filament, still can after filament disconnects completely, make electricity-saving lamp still be continued to light, until electronic circuit cannot operate completely, and then significantly increase fluorescent tube light number of times and useful life, make this electricity-saving lamp really can implement the target of energy-conserving and environment-protective, namely become the important topic that the present invention inquires in this wish.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: the electricity-saving lamp providing a kind of open filament type, rupture to overcome in prior art filament because of aging or flaw and produce high-energy electric arc, easy initiation fire, and fluorescent tube is relatively short for useful life, to such an extent as to cause the technological deficiency of power consumption.
The technical scheme that the present invention will deal with problems is, provides a kind of electricity-saving lamp of open filament type, at least comprises an electronic ballast drive circuit, a fluorescent tube, a resonant inductor, a resonant capacitor, always flow resistance every electric capacity and two wires; Wherein, this drive circuit and an input power are in parallel, the series resonant circuit formed for driving this resonant capacitor, resonant inductor and DC blocking capacitor; A filament is respectively equipped with in this lamp tube ends, the exposed lead-in wire outside fluorescent tube of these filaments is connected to the two ends of this resonant capacitor respectively, and exposed another lead-in wire outside fluorescent tube of these filaments then intercepts electric capacity via this direct current respectively and is connected to this input power and is connected to this drive circuit via this resonant inductor; These filaments are given short circuit by these wires respectively.So, because the filament of this lamp tube ends is shorted respectively, make these filaments can form a parallel connection with this resonant capacitor respectively, therefore, even if this filament disconnects, this drive circuit still can drive this series resonant circuit, to produce a resonance high voltage, light this fluorescent tube, and after this fluorescent tube is lighted, make this series resonant circuit produce a resonance low-voltage, what maintain this fluorescent tube normally lights running thereupon.
Another beneficial effect of the present invention makes this electricity-saving lamp at these filaments, fracture can not occur to produce high-energy electric arc instantaneously, and the plastic casing that ignites, to prevent the danger of breaking out of fire.
Another beneficial effect of the present invention, after these filaments disconnect completely, because these wires can make this series resonant circuit maintain normal operating conditions, therefore this electricity-saving lamp can be made still to be continued to light, cannot operate until this drive circuit is died, light number of times and useful life with what significantly increase this electricity-saving lamp, and then realize real energy-conserving and environment-protective target.
Another beneficial effect again of the present invention, that these filaments are given short circuit, to make the electric current flowing through this resonant capacitor no longer flow through these filaments, to significantly reduce the temperature of lamp holder, slow down the evaporation rate of filament electronic powder painting, and then effectively reduce the light decay speed of electricity-saving lamp.
For can more clearly express technological means of the present invention and operation, hereby coordinate accompanying drawing to lift a preferred embodiment, be described as follows.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the circuit framework schematic diagram of the ballast of existing electricity-saving lamp;
The circuit framework schematic diagram of my pre existing hot type electronic starter of Fig. 2;
Fig. 3 is the circuit framework schematic diagram of existing frequency converting and preheating formula electronic starter;
Fig. 4 is the configuration diagram of the self-excited oscillation type circuit of Edison 21W electricity-saving lamp of US business GE company also in peddling;
Fig. 5 is the configuration diagram of the self-excited oscillation type circuit of the HELIX23W electricity-saving lamp of He Shang PHILIPS company also in peddling;
Fig. 6 is for US business IR company is for promoting its control IC (IR2520D) in the configuration diagram of the external excited oscillation formula circuit of electricity-saving lamp;
Fig. 7 is the circuit framework schematic diagram of the DMINITWIST23W electricity-saving lamp of De Shang OSRAM company also in peddling;
To be inventor carry out for the hexad DMINITWIST23W electricity-saving lamp of De Shang OSRAM company the testing jig photo lighting number of times actual measurement to Fig. 8;
Fig. 9 is the DMINITWIST23W electricity-saving lamp of De Shang OSRAM company, in the process be normally lit, and electric current (I10, I20, I30) schematic diagram on its three positions (A1, A2, A3);
Figure 10 is the DMINITWIST23W electricity-saving lamp of De Shang OSRAM company, in the process be normally lit, and the measured current on its three positions (A1, A2, A3) and the oscillogram of voltage;
Figure 11 is the improvement lamp of the DMINITWIST23W electricity-saving lamp of De Shang OSRAM company, in the process be normally lit, and electric current (I11, I21, I31) schematic diagram on its three positions (B1, B2, B3);
Figure 12 improves lamp in the process be normally lit, the measured current on its three positions (B1, B2, B3) and the oscillogram of voltage;
Figure 13 is that improvement lamp to disconnect and in the process be normally lit completely at filament, electric current (I11, I210 or I211, I21, I31) schematic diagram on its four positions;
Figure 14 is the improvement lamp of inventor for the hexad DMINITWIST23W electricity-saving lamp of De Shang OSRAM company, carries out the testing jig photo lighting number of times actual measurement; And
Figure 15 is the circuit diagram of electricity-saving lamp of the present invention.
Main element symbol description
Embodiment
Implement the target of energy-conserving and environment-protective for realizing the present invention, inventor, once to generally commercially available all multi-energy-saving lamps, carries out testing and testing, and to excavating a simple and feasible solution, increases the number of times of lighting, and the life-span that prolonging lamp tube uses.The hereby careful DMINITWIST23W electricity-saving lamp still peddled at present De Shang OSRAM company for inventor, is described as follows:
(1) refer to Fig. 7 existing shown in the circuit framework schematic diagram of DMINITWIST23W electricity-saving lamp that makes of De Shang OSRAM company, its circuit and Fig. 4 and 5 existing shown energy-saving lamp circuits similar, also belong to self-excited oscillation type circuit.
(2) refer to the photo of the testing jig that the existing shown inventor of Fig. 8 makes, it is equiped with respectively six DMINITWIST23W electricity-saving lamps (hereinafter referred to as " original lamp "), numbering is respectively 1 ~ 6.Inventor utilizes an automatic control circuit to light test to described original lamp respectively, its some cycle of going out disconnects 35 seconds afterwards for lighting 25 seconds, and described original lamp can be lighted number of times by this automatic control circuit, respectively in accumulation display LED display board thereunder, until described original lamp is died respectively, and when cannot be lit, what below it, LED display board presents lights number of times, be described the ultimate of original lamp and light number of times.
(3) refer to again shown in Fig. 8, the ultimate number of times of lighting of these original lamps of numbering 1 ~ 6 is respectively 4722,13243,13181,8469,5513 and 14182 times, wherein, (namely the highest ultimate number of times (that is, the original lamp of numbering 6 14182 times) of lighting ultimately lights number of times with minimum, 4722 times of the original lamp of numbering 1) between ratio unexpectedly up to more than three times, and between these original lamps, the ultimate gap lighting number of times is also quite irregular.Known accordingly, the ultimate number of times of lighting of these original lamps cannot be controlled in a stability range in fact.
Invention people understands these original lamps in depth to die and the reason that cannot be lit, these original lamps are analysed by spy one by one, to inspect the end-state of its filament and electronic circuit one by one, through looking into, the electronic circuit of these original lamps is all intact in good health, still can normal operation, but wherein filament indeed disconnects completely, and present at its disconnection position the vestige suffering electric arc to melt erosion, trace it to its cause in detail, main filament is positioned on the series position between resonant inductor and resonant capacitor, at these original lamps by the process repeatedly lighted, on filament, the electronic powder at a certain position can by the long-term irregular shock of argon ion, and consume gradually, the filament diameter at this position is caused more to become thinner, finally, when filament disconnects completely, namely can not lighting again, sometimes, even can occur arcing instantaneously at filament breaking, and then starting arc, now, if control circuit still continuous firing, filament breaking position continues the electric arc that produces and high temperature and to burnout most probably filament, and even, the plastic ignited outside lamp holder, it is unexpected to lead to fire.
Then, inventor is understanding DMINITWIST23W electricity-saving lamp, in the process be normally lit, the electric current of each position and the change of lamp current thereof on its filament, special following four positions for this electricity-saving lamp shown in Fig. 9, survey, and obtain the electric current shown in Figure 10 and voltage oscillogram:
(1) resonant circuit of DMINITWIST23W electricity-saving lamp provides the electric current I 10 of giving this filament 202, the electric current I 10 of A1 and waveform thereof as shown in Fig. 9 and 10;
(2) by the current I 20 of fluorescent tube 20, the electric current I 20 of A2 and waveform thereof as shown in Fig. 9 and 10;
(3) electric current I 30 of resonant capacitor 22 is flowed to, the electric current I 30 of A3 and waveform thereof as shown in Fig. 9 and 10; And
(4) voltage of resonant capacitor 22, the position of A4 and voltage waveform as shown in Fig. 9 and 10.
By, current waveform shown in Figure 10 is known, the resonant circuit of DMINITWIST23W electricity-saving lamp the electric current I 10 of giving this filament 202 is provided, because adding thermosetting hot electron to its electronic powder painting, its sub-fraction electric current I 20 can with the form of tube current by fluorescent tube 20, all the other most electric current I 30 still must pass through filament 202, flow to this resonant capacitor 22, accordingly, when on this filament 202, the electronic powder at a certain position exhausts completely, and because of this position of argon ion continuation shock, filament 202 diameter at this position is caused more to become thinner, and when being about to fracture, electronic ballast because of DMINITWIST23W electricity-saving lamp is activated the most electric current I 30 produced instantaneously and still must pass through filament 202, there is arcing in the position beginning to be about to fracture on filament 202, and then cause high-octane electric arc.
In view of this, refer to again shown in Fig. 9, inventor be think and, the size of current of filament 202 is flow to if can make, maintain and be enough to make the electronic powder on it produce enough hot electrons, and then produce current I 20, maintain the degree of normal point bright light pipe, to be effectively reduced by the electric current of filament 202, then be about to fracture and moment of being activated of the electronic ballast of DMINITWIST23W electricity-saving lamp at filament 202, namely may produce high-energy electric arc by the unlikely fracture location at filament 202, and effectively can avoid the crisis of initiation fire; Then, inventor is according to this design concept, find after repeatedly studying, develop, test and testing, electricity-saving lamp two lead-in wires that described filament 202 exposes to this fluorescent tube 20 given short circuit, this theory can be realized, except can be made when filament 202 is about to disconnect because of aging or flaw, can not produce outside high-energy electric arc, still after filament 202 disconnects completely, this electricity-saving lamp still can be made to be continued to light, until wherein electronic circuit cannot operate completely.
The present invention at this still for DMINITWIST23W electricity-saving lamp, design concept of the present invention and circuit structure are described, refer to shown in Figure 11, inventor is respectively with wire 41,42, the two lead-in wires described filament 301,302 of DMINITWIST23W electricity-saving lamp being exposed to fluorescent tube 30 give short circuit (hereinafter referred to as " improvement lamp ") respectively, again to improveing lamp by following four positions in normal ignition, refer to again shown in Figure 11, survey, and then obtain corresponding to the electric current shown in Figure 12 and voltage oscillogram:
(1) improve the resonant circuit of lamp and the electric current I 11 of giving this filament 302 is provided, the electric current I 11 of B1 and waveform thereof as shown in Figure 11 and 12;
(2) by the current I 21 of fluorescent tube 30, the electric current I 21 of B2 and waveform thereof as shown in Figure 11 and 12;
(3) electric current I 31 of resonant capacitor 32 is flowed to, the electric current I 31 as shown in Figure 11 and 12B3 and waveform thereof; And
(4) voltage of resonant capacitor 32, the position of B4 and voltage waveform as shown in Figure 11 and 12.
After the electric current shown in detailed comparison Figure 12 and 10 and voltage waveform, previous experiments and the clear display of test result, the resonant circuit of this improvement lamp provides the electric current I 11 of giving this filament 302, except a part of electric current I 21 can make electronic powder 303 produce point discharge because of resonance potential, add thermosetting hot electron, and can with the form of tube current by outside fluorescent tube 30, all the other part electric current I 31 are through wire 42, flow to this resonant capacitor 32, accordingly, when on this filament 302, the electronic powder 303 at a certain position exhausts completely, and because of mercury ion and this position of argon ion continuation shock, filament 302 diameter at this position is caused more to become thinner, and when being about to fracture, it is by wire 42 that electronic ballast because of this improvement lamp is activated the most electric current I 31 produced instantaneously, flow to this resonant capacitor 32, but not flow to resonant capacitor 32 by filament 302, therefore there is arcing and cause high-octane electric arc in the position that can not be about to fracture on filament 302.
In addition, this outstanding palpus lay special stress on person, through repeatedly testing and testing, inventor still finds, after the filament 302 of this improvement lamp disconnects completely, refer to shown in Figure 13, due to these wires 41, 42 can make the resonant circuit of this improvement lamp maintain the conducting state of normal operation, therefore, the moment no matter this improvement lamp is lit, or after being lit, the electronic ballast of this improvement lamp still can make resonant circuit normal operation, and then the high voltage that vibrates on this resonant capacitor 32, although this high voltage major part can absorb by electronic ballast, but still its magnitude of voltage a period of time can be maintained on this resonant capacitor 32, the electronic powder 303 on this filament 302 is forced to produce point discharge, add thermosetting hot electron, and make the electric current I 11 flowing to this wire 42, except a part of I210, I211 can flow to the filament 302 of disconnection, with the form of current I 21 by fluorescent tube 30, and photoelectric effect is evoked in fluorescent tube 30, and light outside fluorescent tube 30, I31 is then through wire 42 for all the other parts, flow to this resonant capacitor 32, accordingly, after the filament 302 of this improvement lamp disconnects completely, this improvement lamp can be lit all the time, and after striking, still can maintain normal luminance, until electronic ballast is aging and cannot operate.
In addition, invention is artificial proves that this improvement lamp can reach aforementioned energy-conserving and environment-protective target of the present invention really, does following to light test especially for this improvement lamp:
(1) inventor has made a testing jig for improvement lamp, refer to shown in Figure 14, it is equiped with respectively six improvement lamps, numbering is respectively 7 ~ 12, inventor utilizes an automatic control circuit to light test to described improvement lamp respectively equally, its some cycle of going out also disconnects 35 seconds afterwards for lighting 25 seconds, and described improvement lamp can be lighted number of times by this automatic control circuit, respectively in accumulation display LED display board thereunder, until described improvement lamp cannot operate because the electronic ballast on it is aging, what below it, LED display board presents lights number of times, be described the ultimate of improvement lamp and light number of times.
(2) refer to again shown in Figure 14, the ultimate number of times of lighting of these improvement lamps of numbering 7 ~ 12 is respectively 46354, 54275, 64770, 44133, 86857 and 38392 times, wherein, the highest ultimately light number of times (namely, numbering 11 improves 86857 times of lamp) ultimately light number of times (namely with minimum, numbering 12 improves 38392 times of lamp) though between ratio be about twice, but (namely this is minimum ultimately lights number of times, numbering 12 improves 38392 times of lamp) more than twice but for the original lamp of numbering 6 shown in Fig. 8 14182 times (in these original lamps the highest ultimate light number of times), and lighted often more than 24,000 times far beyond the ultimate of the original lamp of numbering 6.In addition, numbering 11 shown in Figure 14 improves 86857 of lamp and lights number of times (these improve the highest in lamps ultimately light number of times) then compared with the original lamp of numbering 6 shown in Fig. 8 14182 times (in these original lamps the highest ultimate light number of times), more up to nearly more than 72,000 times unexpectedly.
(3) obvious, according to these improvement lamps made by design concept of the present invention, except being about to disconnect moment because of aging or flaw at filament, high-energy electric arc can not be produced, to avoid outside initiation fire danger, still after filament disconnects completely, electricity-saving lamp still can be made to be continued to light, until wherein electronic circuit cannot operate completely, therefore, what not only significantly add electricity-saving lamp lights number of times and useful life, and can achieve the present invention veritably and expect the energy-conserving and environment-protective target reached.
Described in upper, the present invention is providing a kind of electricity-saving lamp of open filament type, refer to a preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 15, this electricity-saving lamp 5 at least comprises electronic ballast drive circuit 53, fluorescent tube 50, resonant capacitor Cr, a resonant inductor Lr, a DC blocking capacitor Cb and two wires 51,52, wherein, this drive circuit 53 and an input power Vi are in parallel, for the series resonant circuit driving this resonant capacitor Cr, this resonant inductor Lr and this DC blocking capacitor Cb to form; The mercury of the inert gases such as argon and trace is filled with in this fluorescent tube 50, and this fluorescent tube 50 inwall is coated with microparticle fluorescence layer, filament 501,502 is respectively equipped with in these fluorescent tube 50 two ends, described filament 501,502 is coated with electronic powder 503 respectively, the exposed lead-in wire outside fluorescent tube 50 of described filament 501,502 is connected to the two ends of this resonant capacitor Cr respectively, and exposed another lead-in wire outside fluorescent tube 50 of described filament 501,502 is then connected to this input power Vi via this direct current obstruct electric capacity Cb respectively, and be connected to this drive circuit 53 via this resonant inductor Lr; Exposed two lead-in wires outside this fluorescent tube 50 of described filament 501,502 are given short circuit by described wire 51,52 respectively.So, when this drive circuit 53 is in this input power Vi conducting, and when being activated, this resonant inductor Lr can be made, this series resonant circuit that resonant capacitor Cr and DC blocking capacitor Cb is formed, mutually vibration can be pullled because of energy between this resonant inductor Lr and resonant capacitor Cr, and on this resonant capacitor Cr, produce a high voltage, though this high voltage major part can absorb by this drive circuit 53, but still can at these wires 51 of leap, between 52, maintain its magnitude of voltage a period of time, force this two filament 501, electronic powder 503 on 502 produces point discharge, add thermosetting hot electron, and in fluorescent tube 50, evoke photoelectric effect, and then make argon wherein and mercury carry out chain gas discharge, multiply a large amount of mercury ion and mercury electronics, the fluorescence coating of this fluorescent tube 50 inwall is made to discharge visible ray, and light this electricity-saving lamp 5.
This person that needs special declaration; be that previous embodiment is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention; only; technical characteristic of the present invention is not limited thereto; the personage of all correlative technology fields is after considering technology contents of the present invention in light of actual conditions; two lead-in wires utilizing wire respectively filament to be positioned at this fluorescent tube give short circuit, to reach aforementioned effect of the present invention, also belong to the category of the present invention in this wish protection.Separately, aforementioned electronic formula ballast drive circuit 53 of the present invention can be an auto-excitation type electric formula ballast drive circuit or an independent-excited electronic ballast drive circuit, and general reference can drive this series resonant circuit now and in the electricity-saving lamp in future, to make energy-producingly between this resonant inductor Lr and resonant capacitor Cr mutually to pull vibration, and a high-tension various circuit design is produced on this resonant capacitor Cr, as long as this high voltage can force this two filament 501, electronic powder 503 on 502 produces point discharge, add thermosetting hot electron, and in fluorescent tube 50, evoke photoelectric effect, be the electronic ballast drive circuit of the present invention alleged by this.
Accordingly, consult again shown in Figure 15, due to, in the present invention, described filament 501, 502 by described wire 51, 52 short circuits, therefore, after this drive circuit 53 is activated, flow to described filament 501, the electric current of 502 will be limited in being enough to make the electronic powder 503 on it produce point discharge, add thermosetting hot electron, and then generation lamp current, maintain the degree of normal point bright light pipe 50, make this electricity-saving lamp 5 not only can not at filament 501, high-energy electric arc is produced during 502 generation fracture, still can at filament 501, 502 completely disconnect after, because of these wires 51, 52 can make this resonant circuit maintain normal operating conditions, make this electricity-saving lamp 5 still can be continued to light, until this drive circuit 53 is died and cannot be operated, therefore significantly add this electricity-saving lamp 5 light number of times and useful life.
Press, the above, be only a preferred embodiment of the present invention; only, technical characteristic of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the personage of all correlative technology fields is after considering technology contents of the present invention in light of actual conditions; can think easily and equivalence change, protection category of the present invention all should not be departed from.
Claims (4)
1. an electricity-saving lamp for open filament type, is characterized in that, described electricity-saving lamp comprises:
One resonant capacitor;
One resonant inductor;
One DC blocking capacitor;
One electronic ballast drive circuit, and be in parallel with an input power, for driving the series resonant circuit be made up of this resonant capacitor, this resonant inductor and this DC blocking capacitor;
One fluorescent tube, inert gas and Trace Mercury is filled with in it, its inwall is coated with microparticle fluorescence layer, two ends in it are respectively equipped with a filament, described filament is coated with electronic powder respectively, and the exposed lead-in wire outside this fluorescent tube of described filament is connected to the two ends of this resonant capacitor respectively, exposed another lead-in wire outside this fluorescent tube of described filament then intercepts electric capacity via this direct current respectively and is connected to this input power, and is connected to this drive circuit via this resonant inductor; And
Two wires, described filament is given short circuit by described wire respectively, is in parallel respectively to make described filament with this resonant capacitor;
No matter whether described filament disconnects, and this drive circuit all can drive this series resonant circuit, to produce a resonance high voltage, light this fluorescent tube, and after this fluorescent tube is lighted, make this series resonant circuit produce a resonance low-voltage, what maintain this fluorescent tube normally lights running thereupon.
2. the electricity-saving lamp of open filament type according to claim 1, is characterized in that, two lead-in wires of described filament are given short circuit by described wire respectively.
3. the electricity-saving lamp of open filament type according to claim 2, is characterized in that, this drive circuit is an auto-excitation type electric formula ballast drive circuit.
4. the electricity-saving lamp of open filament type according to claim 2, is characterized in that, this drive circuit is an independent-excited electronic ballast drive circuit.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW102121369 | 2013-06-17 | ||
| TW102121369A TW201501572A (en) | 2013-06-17 | 2013-06-17 | Filament short-circuit type energy saving lamp |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104244544A true CN104244544A (en) | 2014-12-24 |
Family
ID=52231635
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310331852.4A Pending CN104244544A (en) | 2013-06-17 | 2013-08-01 | Filament short circuit type energy-saving lamp |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104244544A (en) |
| TW (1) | TW201501572A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107154796A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-09-12 | 黄罡 | A kind of start-up mode of deserted electronic equipment |
| CN113613357A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-05 | 浙江光氧环保科技有限公司 | System and method for prolonging service life of quantum lamp |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2086034U (en) * | 1991-03-12 | 1991-10-02 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Long-acting energy-saving ballast |
| CN1076539C (en) * | 1996-12-25 | 2001-12-19 | 株式会社Tec | Power supply device and discharge lamp lighting device |
| US6555974B1 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2003-04-29 | General Electric Company | Wiring geometry for multiple integral lamps |
| CN102612241A (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2012-07-25 | 因芬尼昂技术股份公司 | Drive circuit for a fluorescent lamp with a diagnosis circuit, and method for diagnosis of a fluorescent lamp |
-
2013
- 2013-06-17 TW TW102121369A patent/TW201501572A/en unknown
- 2013-08-01 CN CN201310331852.4A patent/CN104244544A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2086034U (en) * | 1991-03-12 | 1991-10-02 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Long-acting energy-saving ballast |
| CN1076539C (en) * | 1996-12-25 | 2001-12-19 | 株式会社Tec | Power supply device and discharge lamp lighting device |
| US6555974B1 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2003-04-29 | General Electric Company | Wiring geometry for multiple integral lamps |
| CN102612241A (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2012-07-25 | 因芬尼昂技术股份公司 | Drive circuit for a fluorescent lamp with a diagnosis circuit, and method for diagnosis of a fluorescent lamp |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107154796A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-09-12 | 黄罡 | A kind of start-up mode of deserted electronic equipment |
| CN107154796B (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2023-11-10 | 西藏联萨智能科技有限公司 | Disposable electronic equipment |
| CN113613357A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-05 | 浙江光氧环保科技有限公司 | System and method for prolonging service life of quantum lamp |
| CN113613357B (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2024-02-20 | 浙江光氧环保科技有限公司 | System and method for prolonging service life of light quantum lamp |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW201501572A (en) | 2015-01-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1378412A (en) | High brilliance discharge lamp ignitor and lighting device | |
| CN104244544A (en) | Filament short circuit type energy-saving lamp | |
| US6118227A (en) | High frequency electronic drive circuits for fluorescent lamps | |
| EP0596942A1 (en) | Discharge lamp life and lamp lumen life-extender module, circuitry, and methodology | |
| CN101483961A (en) | Novel intelligent light control electronic ballast and light control method | |
| CN101370344A (en) | Ballast of electronic resonance fluorescent lamp | |
| US7982411B2 (en) | Ignition and operation of electronic high intensity discharge lamps | |
| CN103947299A (en) | System and method for ignition and operation of a high intensity discharge lamp | |
| CN101568220A (en) | Ballast circuit of fluorescent tube | |
| US8441211B2 (en) | Electronic ballast capable of self-protection at natural or premature end of life of fluorescent light tube | |
| US8373350B2 (en) | Fixed-time, fixed-frequency, preheat-type ballast circuit for fluorescent light tube | |
| RU2354085C2 (en) | Illuminating device and method of using it | |
| CN102469672B (en) | Timing and fixed-frequency preheating ballast circuit for fluorescent lamp | |
| CN201682686U (en) | Dimmable fluorescent lamp ballast | |
| AU769323B2 (en) | Control gear for fluorescent lamp | |
| CN1835182B (en) | Double-power gas discharge lamp and its energy saving controller | |
| CN1055349C (en) | Non-filament closed ring type gas discharge lamp | |
| Ahmadi et al. | Experimental performance analysis of electronic and magnetic ballasts for fluorescent lamps | |
| CN2673027Y (en) | Double frequency electronic trigger | |
| KR200254339Y1 (en) | HID Lamp equipment | |
| AU2008100056A4 (en) | An electronic ballast igniter circuit | |
| RU2443936C2 (en) | Lamp with luminescent bulb (versions) | |
| JP2000208106A (en) | Rare gas discharge lamp | |
| CN1190110C (en) | Output circuit of electronic ballast of fluorescent lamp | |
| RU95065U1 (en) | LUMINAIRE WITH LUMINESCENT LAMP (OPTIONS) |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20141224 |