CN104243121A - Pilot frequency distribution method based on sectorization in Massive MIMO system - Google Patents
Pilot frequency distribution method based on sectorization in Massive MIMO system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pilot frequency distribution method based on sectorization in a Massive MIMO system. The method includes the following steps of firstly, configuring M antennas at a base station end in the Massive MIMO system, and equally dividing each community into N sectors, wherein K UE and L surrounding type communities are arranged in the Massive MIMO system, each user corresponds to one antenna, the number of mutually-orthogonal pilot frequencies is 3N/2, and each sector corresponds to one user; secondly, determining the distribution of the pilot frequencies in each sector, and completing the distribution of the pilot frequencies. By means of the method, pilot frequency pollution can be effectively restrained, and meanwhile more users can be served.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication field, relate to a kind of pilot distribution method, be specifically related in a kind of Massive mimo system based on cell sectoring pilot distribution method.
Background technology
The antenna utilizing base station end numerous in Massive MIMO technology carrys out multiplexing the elimination with interference in implementation space (increases the power of useful signal, thus increase signal interference ratio, the impact of interference is reduced with this), become one of key technology of elevator system system.In Massive mimo system, the user of same community needs to launch mutually orthogonal pilot frequency sequence, realizes channel estimating with this.Unfortunately, when coherence time is shorter or intra-cell users number is more time, enough orthogonal guide frequencies are not had to distribute to user.Therefore, different minizones also exists the user employing same pilot, and these users disturb mutually when channel estimating, and this interference is called as " pilot pollution ".
The algorithm of pilot pollution is suppressed in current Massive mimo system, probably be divided three classes: the first kind is based on the near orthogonality of channel vector, characteristic value or singular value decomposition is utilized to carry out blind estimate channel, although such algorithm saves pilot-frequency expense, but be only applicable to become channel slowly, and be limited to channel phase fuzzy problem; Equations of The Second Kind, based on cooperative base station, utilizes second order or high-order channel statistical information to tell interference user, although such algorithm can suppress pilot pollution, needs the prior information set up cooperation between base stations and obtain channel; 3rd class is in non-cooperating system, and by the structural design of pilot tone, distribute pilot frequency sequence mutual nonoverlapping time slot to different users, such algorithm saves pilot-frequency expense, and inhibits pilot pollution, but in community, user's number of service decreases.
In sum, for Massive mimo system, design a kind of non-base station collaboration, effectively can solve and suppress pilot pollution and the scheme of serving more users is necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the shortcoming overcoming above-mentioned prior art, provide in a kind of Massive mimo system based on cell sectoring pilot distribution method, the method effectively can suppress pilot pollution, and the number of users of simultaneously serving is many.
For achieving the above object, comprising the following steps based on cell sectoring pilot distribution method in Massive mimo system of the present invention:
1) the base station end configuration M root antenna in Massive mimo system is established, be provided with the community of K UE and L circulating type in Massive mimo system simultaneously, and the corresponding antenna of each user, then each community is divided into N number of sector, then be numbered successively by counter clockwise direction the sector in each community, wherein, in each community, the position of first sector is identical, the quantity of then mutually orthogonal pilot tone is 3N/2, if the corresponding user in each sector;
2) cell pattern is obtained according to the even division methods in sector, then all sectors in this cell pattern are divided into N/2 class direction, wherein, i-th class direction is the direction of i-th sector to a sector, (N+2i)/2, wherein 1≤i≤N/2, then by the community of a described L circulating type with each sector in middle cell for summit is equally divided into N number of overlay area, then in each overlay area sector add up to L, then the sector in this overlay area is divided according to described N/2 class direction, again all pilot averages are divided into N/2 pilot group, pilot number then in each pilot group is 3, then each pilot group is assigned on all kinds of direction respectively successively, again by the pilot tone cycle assignment in each pilot group in the sector on corresponding class direction, make each community there is each pilot group simultaneously, and the pilot tone difference that adjacent sectors is corresponding,
Meanwhile, in each overlay area, the quantity of pilot tone is determined by the following method:
For each overlay area, first from the individual mutually orthogonal pilot tone of 3N/2, take out arbitrarily N number of pilot settings in 2 in overlay area (L-1)/3 sector, wherein, the probability being set to pilot tone after being provided with in Zhong Ge sector, this overlay area is 2 (L-1)/3N, then will remain N/2 pilot frequency distribution to residue sector, (L-1)/3 in, complete in Massive mimo system based on cell sectoring pilot frequency distribution.
N is 2,4,6 or 12.
L is 19, and it is 13db that pilot tone sets up power, and the transmitting power of base station end is 20db.
The radius of each community is 600m, in the process of Signal transmissions, comprise two time slots coherence time, and each time slot is 0.5ms.
According to intelligent antenna technology, each community is divided into N number of sector.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
In Massive mimo system of the present invention based on cell sectoring pilot distribution method in the process of pilot frequency distribution, by each sector with each sector in middle cell for summit is equally divided into N number of overlay area, then the sector in this overlay area is divided into some row, and all pilot averages are divided into N/2 pilot group, distribute again, make each community there is each pilot group simultaneously, and make the pilot tone that in same row, adjacent sectors is corresponding different, in addition, for the count issue of pilot tone in each overlay area, then first take out arbitrarily N number of pilot settings in 2 in overlay area (L-1)/3 sector by individual for 3N/2 mutually orthogonal pilot tone, then N/2 pilot frequency distribution will be remained in residue sector, (L-1)/3, thus complete the distribution of pilot tone, after applying pilot distribution method of the present invention, effectively can solve the problem of pilot pollution, improve the number of users of service simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the model of Massive mimo system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the allocative decision of pilot tone in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is existing time shift pilot configuration;
Fig. 4 is time shift pilot configuration of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the curve chart that after the present invention is applied to six sectors, cell capacity changes along with antenna number;
Fig. 6 is the curve chart that under the different se ctor partition structure of the present invention, cell capacity changes along with antenna number;
The curve chart that Fig. 7 small area of the present invention capacity changes along with pilot transmit power.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
With reference to figure 1, comprising the following steps based on cell sectoring pilot distribution method in Massive mimo system of the present invention:
1) Massive mimo system scene setting is as follows: base station end configuration M root antenna, be provided with the community of K UE and L circulating type in system, the corresponding antenna of every user, the user of l community is first to the τ × 1 dimensional signal Ψ of respective Base Transmitter
lk(k=1 ..., K), after base station estimates the channel of each user, tie up pre-coding matrix A with M × K
kk user is transmitted to again after carrying out precoding processing.When the channel coefficients between the m root antenna of a jth base station and a kth user of l community is expressed as g
jlmk, then the signal that a jth base station receives can be expressed as
Wherein,
H
jlmkfor the multipath fading coefficient between the m root antenna of a jth base station and a kth user of l community, β
jlkfor a jth base station and l community a kth user between large scale fading coefficients, Ψ
l=[Ψ
l1Ψ
l2Ψ
lK]
t, p
rrepresent the pilot transmit power of user, W
jrepresent the additive white Gaussian noise of a jth base station end, obey
distribution, be then numbered successively by counter clockwise direction the sector in each community, wherein, in each community, the position of first sector is identical, then the quantity of mutually orthogonal pilot tone is 3N/2, if the corresponding user in each sector;
2) cell pattern is obtained according to the even division methods in sector, then all sectors in this cell pattern are divided into N/2 class direction, wherein, i-th class direction is the direction of i-th sector to a sector, (N+2i)/2, wherein≤i≤N/2, then by the community of a described L circulating type with each sector in middle cell for summit is equally divided into N number of overlay area, then in each overlay area sector add up to L, then the sector in this overlay area is divided according to described N/2 class direction, again all pilot averages are divided into N/2 pilot group, pilot number then in each pilot group is 3, then each pilot group is assigned on all kinds of direction respectively successively, again by the pilot tone cycle assignment in each pilot group in the sector on corresponding class direction, make each community there is each pilot group simultaneously, and the pilot tone difference that adjacent sectors is corresponding,
Such as: set community number as 19 with reference to figure 2, utilize intelligent antenna technology community to be evenly divided into six sectors, then the quantity of mutually orthogonal pilot tone is 9, mutually orthogonal 9 pilot tones are used A respectively, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J represents, for any one overlay area, and the area coverage composition by 3 column directions: the sector 2 and the sector 5 that direction 1 (Dir 1) cover each community; Direction 2 (Dir 2) covers sector 3 and the sector 5 of each community; Direction 3 (Dir 3) covers sector 1 and the sector 4 of each community.User by these 3 directions of 9 groups of orthogonal guide frequency component dispensings in step (1): pilot group A, B, C distribute to the user on Dir 1; Pilot group D, E, F distribute to the user on Dir 2; Pilot group G, H, J distribute to the user on Dir 3.
3 pilot group cycle assignment on every sub-direction, to the party's sector users upwards, eliminate the inter-user interference of multiplexing same pilot with this.Such as, Dir 1 is made up of 5 sub-directions, and on every sub-direction on Dir 1, the orthogonal guide frequency group sequence number that sector users is assigned to is A-B-C-A-B-C, is initial sector by the top sector definition on every sub-direction.In each direction, the initial sector distribution on different sub-direction obtains different orthogonal guide frequency groups, ensures the minimum inter-sector interference between adjacent sub-direction.Do not indicate in figure that the community of Rome sequence number is used to better illustrate the allocation rule of initial pilot group on adjacent sub-direction.Such as, the initial sector on sub-direction 2 and sub-direction 3 is the sector 2 of community IX and community XV respectively, and as shown in Figure 2, pilot group A and B distributes to the initial sector in adjacent sub-direction on Dir 1 respectively.
As shown in Figure 2, pass through intelligent antenna technology, base station receives only the signal that the user in the region of shade covering sends in each direction, each pilot group is mutually orthogonal, for the target direction at user place interested, each pilot group on other directions is all called twice in the region that shade covers, consider the sector 5 of community I, in Fig. 2, we can see the pilot group D-E-F in shade overlay area on the Dir 2 and pilot group G-H-J on Dir 3 all called twice, each user to the Base Transmitter pilot tone stage, user's interference of the sector 2 of the user Zhi Bei community XVIIIl of 5 li, the sector of community I, compared to traditional CSP scheme, the most troublesome interference source (user of community VI) vanished from sight, and the interference source decreased number of suggesting plans is 1, therefore, carry and can suppress pilot pollution well based on cell sectoring pilot frequency distribution strategy.
Meanwhile, in each overlay area, the quantity of pilot tone is determined by the following method:
For each overlay area, first from the individual mutually orthogonal pilot tone of 3N/2, take out arbitrarily N number of pilot settings in 2 in overlay area (L-1)/3 sector, wherein, the probability being set to pilot tone after being provided with in Zhong Ge sector, this overlay area is 2 (L-1)/3N, then will remain N/2 pilot frequency distribution to residue sector, (L-1)/3 in, complete in Massive mimo system based on cell sectoring pilot frequency distribution.
Such as: when community number is 19, littlely divide into 6 sectors by each, then have 9 pilot tones, first 6 pilot tones filled up in 12 sectors, each pilot tone occurs 12/N time, then by remaining 3 pilot frequency distribution to residue 7 grid.
Therefore, along with community be divided into more sector time, traditional CS-PA scheme can suppress pilot pollution better.
It should be noted that, L is 19, and it is 13db that pilot tone sets up power, the transmitting power of base station end is 20db, and the radius of each community is 600m, in the process of Signal transmissions, comprise two time slots coherence time, and each time slot is 0.5ms, according to intelligent antenna technology, each community is divided into N number of sector.
As shown in Figure 3, in order to solve the pilot pollution problem, in traditional TSP algorithm, the user of different districts sends pilot tone in nonoverlapping time slot, and the pilot transmission that this time domain is repelled mutually prevents the mutual pollution of the non-orthogonal pilot of neighbor cell.Although traditional TSP algorithm inhibits pilot pollution, reduce pilot-frequency expense, and improve power system capacity, traditional TSP algorithm still has two limiting factors:
(1) as shown in Figure 3, the service-user number under single carrier scene, user's number of traditional TSP algorithm service only has 1/3 of length coherence time, is less than the optimal service number of users of traditional CSP scheme, the latter be coherence time length 1/2;
(2) the up transmitting pilot tone of different districts and downlink data are overlapping on time slot, and mutually disturb, compared to pilot pollution, Pilot Interference replace by the interference of more powerful data.This is external comprise the system model of more multiple cell under, traditional TSP scheme is inevitably limited to the interference between more serious ascending pilot frequency and downlink data.
The present invention integrates time shift pilot configuration and traditional CS-PA scheme, and in order to for simplicity, if be hereafter not particularly illustrated, supposing the system parameter default setting of the present invention is a sector number N=6 and 3N/2 orthogonal guide frequency.Comparison diagram 3 and Fig. 4 find, the present invention user in different directions, instead of the user of different districts transmitting training sequence on nonoverlapping time slot.
In order to not increase the redundancy of letter, in the present invention, orthogonal guide frequency group sequence number still represents with capitalization English letter A-J.Like this, the user on Dir 1 launches orthogonal guide frequency group A, B, C; User on Dir 2 launches orthogonal guide frequency group D, E, F; User on Dir 3 launches orthogonal guide frequency group G, H, J.Suppose one, each sector user, consider that the user of Dir 1 is user interested, hereafter will carry out uplink interference analysis and descending interference analysis.
Uplink interference is analyzed: in Slot Period 1, the user on Dir 1 launches ascending pilot frequency, user's downlink data receiving of Dir 2 and Dir 3.For the user of 5 li, the sector of Cell I, Pilot Interference only derives from the sector 2 of Cell XVIII; And data interference derives from the sector 1 of Cell XI and the sector 3 of Cell XII.As can be seen here, compare with TSP scheme with traditional CS-PA scheme, interference source number is compromise.Consider the jth cell base station on Dir 1, its reception vector representation is:
Wherein, B
ijwith
represent the multipath fading matrix between i-th and jth root antenna and large scale fading coefficients respectively; [S
i]
mk=s
imkrepresent that the pre-coded symbols of the m root antenna transmission of i-th base station is to a kth user of this community.Therefore, the Pilot Interference of part that receives of a jth cell base station replace by the data interference on Dir 2 and Dir 3.
Descending interference analysis: in Slot Period 2, the user's downlink data receiving on Dir 1 and Dir 3, the user on Dir 2 launches ascending pilot frequency, and for the user of 5 li, the sector of Cell I, Pilot Interference travels through all communities; And data interference derives from the sector 1 of Cell XI, Cell V and Cell XVII and the sector 4 of Cell XIII, Cell II and Cell XIV.Without loss of generality, consider the 1st cell base station on Dir 1, its reception vector representation is:
Wherein,
represent the pre-coding matrix of a jth base station in previous coherence time; U
ijand α
ijsmall scale between the user representing the 1st community and jGe community and large scale fading matrix, therefore the 1st part that cell base station receives data interference by with the Pilot Interference on Dir 2 replace.
The present invention and traditional CSP scheme and TSP scheme are made Performance comparision, to represent the effect that the present invention can reach, as shown in the figure.
As shown in Figure 5, wherein MTSP is the solution of the present invention, compared to traditional CS-PA scheme and TSP scheme, the present invention has obvious performance advantage, because cell sectoring and time shift pilot configuration, the present invention the power system capacity achieving and double TSP scheme of suggesting plans, and decrease pilot-frequency expense relative to traditional CS-PA scheme, Fig. 5 can also find out, when antenna number is fewer, compared to traditional CS-PA scheme, traditional TSP scheme still has certain performance advantage, but along with antenna number increases, traditional CS-PA scheme is more excellent.This is because when antenna for base station number is less, systematic function is limited to the degree of freedom of every user, and user's degree of freedom at this moment traditional CS-PA scheme is lower; Otherwise when antenna for base station number is more, systematic function is limited to total number of users of scheme service, and the pilot configuration that TSP scheme is limited to itself serves less user.
Conveniently compare, serving in same subscriber number situation in Fig. 6, compare the present invention is divided into different sector number N power system capacity emulation at microzonation, and 12/N user is contained in each sector, pilot-frequency expense can increase along with user's number of each sector and increase.Can find out in Fig. 6, when microzonation is divided into more sector, because better pilot pollution suppresses and less pilot-frequency expense, system can realize larger capacity on the whole.It can also be seen that in Fig. 6, when antenna for base station number is less, the degree of freedom that single user is higher makes less sector number performance better; Otherwise more sector number makes scheme convergence slower because the degree of freedom is lower.
The capacity that Fig. 7 compares the present invention and existing scheme changes along with pilot transmit power, wherein MTSP is the solution of the present invention, can find out in figure, the curve of the present invention and existing TSP scheme is convex, this is because up transmitting pilot tone and downlink data, excessive and too small pilot transmit power all can reduce power system capacity.It can also be seen that in figure, the present invention and existing CSP scheme slowly do not restrain by above-mentioned interference effect.Fixed data transmitting power is constant, and the present invention can by optimum pilot transmit power maximum system performance.Simulation result shows that optimal pilot transmitting power of the present invention is lower than existing TSP scheme, but can realize larger power system capacity.
In sum, the present invention can suppress the pilot pollution problem better compared to existing CSP scheme; The present invention, when not increasing pilot-frequency expense, serves more user compared to existing TSP scheme.
Claims (5)
1. in Massive mimo system based on a cell sectoring pilot distribution method, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) the base station end configuration M root antenna in Massive mimo system is established, be provided with the community of K UE and L circulating type in Massive mimo system simultaneously, and the corresponding antenna of each user, then each community is divided into N number of sector, then be numbered successively by counter clockwise direction the sector in each community, wherein, in each community, the position of first sector is identical, the quantity of then mutually orthogonal pilot tone is 3N/2, if the corresponding user in each sector;
2) cell pattern is obtained according to the even division methods in sector, then all sectors in this cell pattern are divided into N/2 class direction, wherein, i-th class direction is the direction of i-th sector to a sector, (N+2i)/2, wherein 1≤i≤N/2, then by the community of a described L circulating type with each sector in middle cell for summit is equally divided into N number of overlay area, then in each overlay area sector add up to L, then the sector in this overlay area is divided according to described N/2 class direction, again all pilot averages are divided into N/2 pilot group, pilot number then in each pilot group is 3, then each pilot group is assigned on all kinds of direction respectively successively, again by the pilot tone cycle assignment in each pilot group in the sector on corresponding class direction, make each community there is each pilot group simultaneously, and the pilot tone difference that adjacent sectors is corresponding,
Meanwhile, in each overlay area, the quantity of pilot tone is determined by the following method:
For each overlay area, first from the individual mutually orthogonal pilot tone of 3N/2, take out arbitrarily N number of pilot settings in 2 in overlay area (L-1)/3 sector, wherein, the probability being set to pilot tone after being provided with in Zhong Ge sector, this overlay area is 2 (L-1)/3N, then will remain N/2 pilot frequency distribution to residue sector, (L-1)/3 in, complete in Massive mimo system based on cell sectoring pilot frequency distribution.
2. in Massive mimo system according to claim 1 based on cell sectoring pilot distribution method, it is characterized in that, N is 2,4,6 or 12.
3. in Massive mimo system according to claim 1 based on cell sectoring pilot distribution method, it is characterized in that, L is 19, and it is 13db that pilot tone sets up power, and the transmitting power of base station end is 20db.
4. in Massive mimo system according to claim 1 based on cell sectoring pilot distribution method, it is characterized in that, the radius of each community is 600m, in the process of Signal transmissions, comprise two time slots coherence time, and each time slot is 0.5ms.
5. in Massive mimo system according to claim 1 based on cell sectoring pilot distribution method, it is characterized in that, according to intelligent antenna technology, each community is divided into N number of sector.
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| CN106850173A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-06-13 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of multi-district pilots distribution method based on extensive MIMO |
| WO2017132984A1 (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-10 | Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute Company Limited | Method and apparatus of topological pilot decontamination for massive mimo systems |
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| CN108462565A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-08-28 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of 5G high bands wireless backhaul optimal pilot distribution system and method |
| CN109474548A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-03-15 | 郑州云海信息技术有限公司 | A kind of method for eliminating pilot pollution based on deep learning regulation sector |
| CN110086591A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-08-02 | 鹰潭泰尔物联网研究中心 | A kind of pilot pollution suppressing method in extensive antenna system |
| CN110505702A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2019-11-26 | 重庆大学 | A kind of pilot distribution method based on subscriber signal angle of arrival |
| CN110545166A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-12-06 | 南瑞集团有限公司 | Pilot frequency multiplexing method based on continuous pilot frequency multiplexing factor |
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| CN110545166A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-12-06 | 南瑞集团有限公司 | Pilot frequency multiplexing method based on continuous pilot frequency multiplexing factor |
| CN110545166B (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2021-12-28 | 南瑞集团有限公司 | Pilot frequency multiplexing method based on continuous pilot frequency multiplexing factor |
| CN110505702A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2019-11-26 | 重庆大学 | A kind of pilot distribution method based on subscriber signal angle of arrival |
| CN110505702B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2023-07-25 | 重庆大学 | Pilot frequency distribution method based on user signal arrival angle |
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