CN104241712A - Sodium battery containing ion liquid electrolyte and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sodium battery containing ion liquid electrolyte and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104241712A CN104241712A CN201310236874.2A CN201310236874A CN104241712A CN 104241712 A CN104241712 A CN 104241712A CN 201310236874 A CN201310236874 A CN 201310236874A CN 104241712 A CN104241712 A CN 104241712A
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- ionic liquid
- ammonium chloride
- sode cell
- electrolyte
- sodium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/38—Construction or manufacture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sodium battery containing an ion liquid electrolyte and a preparation method thereof, the sodium battery comprises a sodium cathode, a solid electrolyte and an anode containing a second phase electrolyte, the second phase electrolyte contains an ionic liquid mixture containing bis-benzyl alkyl ammonium chloride and aluminium chloride shown in a formula (I), wherein R and R' are independently selected from C4-C12, and n is a natural number from 8-12.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of energy source materials, relate to sode cell, be specifically related to a kind of sodium-chloride battery based on ionic liquid electrolyte and technology of preparing thereof.More particularly present invention is disclosed one and can be used as sodium-electrolytical ionic liquid of chloride battery second-phase and technology of preparing thereof, be characterized in that there is high ionic conductivity, high chemical stability and thermal stability, extremely low volatility and excellent viscosity temperature characteristic, preparation technology is simple, environmental friendliness etc., belong to electrochemical energy storage field.
Background technology
A kind of novel high-energy electric vehicle battery researched and developed since sodium-chloride battery (ZEBRA battery) is the mid-80, is invented by the Dr.Coetyer J of South Africa ZEBRA Power Systems Ltd the earliest.At present, the Beta R and D Ltd of Germany AEGAngto Battery GmbH and the U.S. develops, the former repeatedly in international electric motor car meeting (EVS) be introduced, the latter become ZEBRA battery research and development centre and carry out scale up test and industrialization design.Compared with sodium-sulphur battery, its negative pole and electrolyte are all the same, unlike positive pole by being dispersed in NaAlCl
4solid state N i in molten salt electrolyte and NiCl
2form, instead of the liquid S in sodium-sulphur battery and sodium polysulfide.Its performance is except having the identical high-energy-density of sodium-sulphur battery, high conversion efficiency, without outside the features such as self discharge, also there is the open circuit voltage (2.58V) higher than sodium-sulphur battery, wider operating temperature range (270 DEG C ~ 350 DEG C), and eliminate the troublesome poeration (being electric discharge state NaCl during battery assembling) of Liquid Sodium in the fabrication process, improve security reliability.However, the development of Zebra battery relative to sodium-sulphur battery or slower, under its key reason is molten condition, acid second-phase electrolyte NaAlCl
4niCl can be dissolved
2, make Ni
2+with β "-Al
2o
3na in solid electrolyte
+exchange, cause β "-Al
2o
3instability, and reduce conductivity.(J.Prakash, L.Redey, and D.R.Vissers, Journal of Power Sources, 84, (1999), 63 – 69) are due to NaAlCl
4electrophilicity is comparatively strong, has stronger dissolubility, inconvenient operation to water, metal, oxide, salt, and as sodium metal and NaAlCl
4to there is chemical reaction in direct contact, generate aluminium and sodium chloride, will cause battery over-discharge can, and internal resistance increases, and cycle efficieny reduces.(C.H.Dustmann, Journal of Power Sources, 127, (2004), p.85-92; K.Kronsbein, " Investigatio and Modeling of the ZEBRA System to Optimize State of Charge Detection ", Thesis, Institut fur Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik, Karlsruhe Institue f ü r Technologie, May (2004) .) therefore, improve positive pole second-phase electrolyte most important to sodium-chloride battery realizes industrialization.
For solving the problem, the method usually adopted has: in second-phase electrolyte, add excessive NaCl solid, can provide more multiple solutions contact area, increases the conductivity of sodium ion; (M.G.Macmillan, Journal of the Chemical Society, FaradayTransactions, 91,18, (1995), p.3157-3161) add NaF, Na
2s, CaSO
4deng additive, interface resistance can be suppressed to increase, effectively fast conducts sodium ions; (R.C.Galloway, S.Haslam, Journal of Power Sources, 80, (1999), p.164 – 170; W.WEPPNER and R.A.HUGGINS, Physics Letters, 58A (1976) 4; V.A.Plotnikov and P.T.Kalita, Zh.Russ.Fiz.Khim.Obshch., 62 (1930), p.2195; G.L.Soloveichik, R.L.Hart, and J.P.Lemmon, US Patent2012/0077070A1.) or adopt ternary molten salt electrolyte system, as NaCl-CsCl-MnCl
2, NaCl-AlCl
3-Al
2s
3deng, by the proportioning that adjustment three is different, obtain higher sodium ion conductivity.(N.R.Carmichael?and?S.N.Flengas,Journal?of?the?Electrochemical?Society:Electrochemical?Science?and?Technology,126(I2),Dec.(1979),p.2104-2110;H.A.Hjuler,R.W.Berg,K.Zachariassen,and?N.J.Bjerrum,Journal?of?Chemical?and?Engineering?Data,30(2),(1985),p.203-208)。
Research finds, adopts ionic liquid at room temperature as second-phase electrolyte, as 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride-aluminium chloride, 1-methyl-3-propyl group iodate imidazole-methyl sulfonic acid chloride, replaces NaAlCl
4, higher sodium ion conductivity can be obtained, and NiCl
2in ionic liquid, solubility is low, effectively prevents Ni
2+with Na
+exchange, in room temperature sodium-ion battery, all achieve good effect.(Fannin,A.;Floreani,D.,King,L.;et?al.,Journal?of?Physical?Chemistry88(1984)2614;Park,S.;Winnick,J.;Kohl,P.Journal?of?the?Electrochemical?Society,148,(2001)A346.)。But above-mentioned ionic liquid is in the operating temperature range of sodium-chloride battery, volatile or decompose, therefore, this area is in the urgent need to developing a kind of second-phase electrolyte of novel fire resistant, not only require that there is high sodium ion conductivity, can also effectively prevent high temperature Ni
2+with Na
+exchange, but also high chemical stability and thermal stability will be had, sodium-chloride battery can be directly applied to.
Summary of the invention
In the face of prior art Problems existing, the object of this invention is to provide should based on the electrolytical sodium-chloride battery of novel ion liquid and technology of preparing thereof, to improve the conductivity of positive pole sodium ion, prevents battery positive electrode active metal ion, such as (Ni under high temperature
2+) and Na
+exchange, improve battery security.
At this, first the present invention provides a kind of sode cell comprising ionic liquid electrolyte, described sode cell comprises sodium negative pole, solid electrolyte and comprises the electrolytical positive pole of second-phase, described second-phase electrolyte comprises the ionic liquid mixture comprising two benzalkonium ammonium chloride that formula (I) illustrates and aluminium chloride
Wherein, R, R ' is independently selected from C
4~ C
12alkyl, n is the natural number of 8 ~ 12.
In the present invention, second-phase electrolyte comprises the ionic liquid mixture comprising two benzalkonium ammonium chloride that above-mentioned formula (I) illustrates and aluminium chloride, this ionic liquid mixture to positive electrode active materials, such as NiCl
2solubility low, effectively prevent battery positive electrode active metal ion, such as (Ni
2+) and Na
+between exchange, and this ionic liquid mixture has high chemical stability and thermal stability, extremely low volatility and excellent viscosity temperature characteristic, and can conducts sodium ions effectively fast.
Preferably, the mol ratio of described pair of benzalkonium ammonium chloride and aluminium chloride can be 1:(1 ~ 4), be preferably 1:1.
Preferably, described second-phase electrolyte also comprises and is selected from NaCl and SOCl
2additive, described additive accounts for the electrolytical material mole percent of described second-phase and can be less than 50%.Add a certain amount of additive, Na+/Na oxidation-reduction process can be activated.
In above formula (I), R and R ' can be identical, also can not be identical, preferably, R, R ' be different substituting groups.Whole molecule can be increased so more asymmetric, improve fusing point, reduce volatility.
Preferably, in the operating temperature range of described sode cell (270 ~ 350 DEG C), the electrolytical sodium ion conductivity of described second-phase can be 1S/cm ~ 5S/cm.Sode cell of the present invention can effectively quick conducts sodium ions.
Preferably, described positive pole directly contacts with solid electrolyte.Like this, the second-phase electrolyte in positive pole directly contacts with positive electrode active materials, and second-phase electrolyte wherein all directly contacts with solid electrolyte with positive electrode active materials, can realize sodium ion and electronics effectively transmits between positive pole and solid electrolyte.
The present invention also provides a kind of method preparing above-mentioned sode cell, and described method comprises:
(1) by the two benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid of following synthesis path synthesis, separation, purifying, drying, for subsequent use:
(2) two benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid and alchlor are stirred by required mixed in molar ratio, and add the additive of ormal weight, make mixture be neutral; And
(3) gained mixture and positive-active metal, NaCl are obtained positive electrode mixture with required ratio mixing and stirring, load in solid electrolyte, sealing, then assemble with described sodium negative pole and be prepared into described sode cell.
Method preparation manipulation of the present invention is easy, technique is simple, cost is low, environmental friendliness.
Preferably, two benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid purity that step (1) is obtained are more than 99%.
Preferably, in step (1), vacuum filtration mode is adopted to be separated described pair of benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid.
Again, preferably, in step (1), the drying of described pair of benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid first adopts vacuum 40 ~ 70 DEG C of dryings 8 ~ 12 hours, then 100 ~ 140 DEG C of dryings 18 ~ 30 hours.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) the second-phase electrolyte sodium ion conductivity obtained by is high, thermal stability and chemical stability is high, viscosity be applicable to;
(2) the second-phase electrolyte volatility obtained by is low, to NiCl
2solubility is low;
(3) the second-phase electrolysis mass-energy obtained by reduces the interface resistance between positive pole and solid electrolyte;
(4) preparation manipulation is easy, technique is simple, cost is low, environmental friendliness.
Embodiment
Below, the present invention is further illustrated with the following embodiments.Should be understood that embodiment only unrestricted the present invention for illustration of the present invention.
The present inventor is after have passed through extensive and deep research, electrolytical sodium-the chloride battery of a kind of novel ion liquid and technology of preparing thereof are provided, to improve the conductivity of positive pole sodium ion, prevent battery positive electrode active metal ion, such as (Ni under high temperature
2+) and Na
+exchange, improve battery security.
Sode cell described in the present invention is, sodium-chloride battery, and negative pole can be made up of sodium metal or sodium alloy, solid electrolyte can be beta-alumina pottery, β " ceramic mould such as-aluminium oxide ceramics, NASICON sodium ion conductor and Na
5gdSi
4o
12deng glass mould sodium ion conductor, such as β "-Al
2o
3the active material chloride of earthenware, positive pole includes but not limited to nickel chloride, zinc chloride, iron chloride etc., and second-phase electrolyte comprises the ionic liquid that two benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid of being illustrated by following formula (I) and aluminium chloride form,
Wherein, R, R ' is independently selected from C
4~ C
12alkyl, R and R ' can be identical, also can not be identical, preferably, R, R ' be different substituting groups, whole molecule can be increased so more asymmetric, improve fusing point, reduce volatility; N can be the natural number of 8 ~ 12, and n value is larger, and viscosity is larger.
Second-phase electrolyte and positive electrode active materials directly mix composition positive pole, and positive pole is placed in solid electrolyte, such second-phase electrolyte all directly contacts with solid electrolyte with positive electrode active materials, can realize sodium ion and electronics effectively transmits between positive pole and solid electrolyte.
Based on the second-phase electrolyte of above-mentioned ionic liquid for positive electrode active materials, the solubility of such as nickel chloride is extremely low, effectively prevents Ni
2+with Na
+between exchange.And, react hardly based on the second-phase electrolyte of above-mentioned ionic liquid and sodium negative pole, even if therefore positive pole directly contacts with negative pole, also can not cause battery over-discharge can, the problems such as internal resistance increase, cycle efficieny reduction.
In the present invention, in above-mentioned ionic liquid, the mol ratio of two benzalkonium ammonium chloride and aluminium chloride can be 1:(1 ~ 4), preferred 1:1.Second-phase electrolyte also can comprise a certain amount of additive, such as NaCl, SOCl
2deng, can Na be activated
+/ Na oxidation-reduction process.Additive accounts for second-phase electrolytical material amount mole percent and is no more than 50%.
In the present invention, in the operating temperature range of described sode cell (270 ~ 350 DEG C), the electrolytical sodium ion conductivity of described second-phase can be 1S/cm ~ 5S/cm.Visible, sode cell of the present invention can effectively quick conducts sodium ions.
The present invention also provides one to prepare above-mentioned sode cell, is especially used as the method for the electrolytical ionic liquid of second-phase.
(1) preparation of two benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid: by the two benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid of following synthesis path synthesis, separation, purifying, drying, for subsequent use:
Preferably, in step (1), described two benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid purity are more than 99%.
Preferably, in step (1), in two benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid, R and R ' represents C
4~ C
12alkyl, R and R ' can be identical, also can not be identical, R and R ' is different specifically, can increase whole molecule more asymmetric, improves fusing point, reduces volatility.
Preferably, in step (1), in two benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid, n occurrence is between 8 ~ 12, and n value is larger, and viscosity is larger.
Preferably, in step (1), it is adopt vacuum filtration mode to be separated that described two benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquids are separated.
Preferably, in step (1), the drying of described pair of benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid first adopts vacuum 40 ~ 70 DEG C of dryings 8 ~ 12 hours, then 100 ~ 140 DEG C of dryings 18 ~ 30 hours.Such as, first adopt vacuum 50 DEG C of dry 10h, then 120 DEG C of dry 24h.
(2) preparation of second-phase electrolyte mixture: (3) by two benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid of certain mol ratio and alchlor mixing and stirring, and add a certain amount of additive, makes mixture be neutral.
Preferably, in step (2), in two benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid of described certain mol ratio and aluminium trichloride mixture, the mole percent of aluminium chloride is between 50% ~ 80%, and such as mole percent is 50%.
Preferably, in step (2), described additive comprises NaCl, SOCl
2deng, can Na be activated
+/ Na oxidation-reduction process.Described a certain amount of additive refers to that additive total material amount mole percent is no more than 50%.
(3) preparation of sode cell: gained mixture and positive-active metal, NaCl are obtained positive electrode mixture with required ratio mixing and stirring, loads in solid electrolyte, sealing, then assembles with described sodium negative pole and be prepared into described sode cell.
Preferably, in step (2), positive-active metal includes but not limited to Ni, Fe and Zn.Required ratio is ratio conventional in sodium-chloride battery.Solid electrolyte can be beta-alumina pottery, β " ceramic mould such as-aluminium oxide ceramics, NASICON sodium ion conductor and Na
5gdSi
4o
12deng glass mould sodium ion conductor, such as β "-Al
2o
3pottery.
The present invention illustrates that following second-phase electrolyte embodiment of preparing is to illustrate the present invention better further.Although following embodiment does not relate to the concrete assembling process of second-phase electrolyte and positive electrode, solid electrolyte and negative pole, those skilled in the art can assemble by content more than this specification and with reference to prior art.Should understand equally; following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, some nonessential improvement that those skilled in the art's foregoing according to the present invention is made and adjustment all belong to protection scope of the present invention.The numerical value that following example is concrete is also only an example in OK range, and namely, those skilled in the art can be done in suitable scope by explanation herein and select, and do not really want the concrete numerical value being defined in Examples below.The test method of unreceipted actual conditions in the following example, usually conveniently condition, or according to the condition that manufacturer advises.
Embodiment 1
Two benzalkonium ammonium chloride gas ions of ad hoc structure are prepared according to following synthesis path:
In the glove box of inert atmosphere, according to mol ratio 2:1, chlorotoluene is joined in the acetone soln of dimethyl diethyl octamethylenediamine, and stir 48h in airtight container after, obtain the two benzyl methyl ethyl ammonium chloride ionic liquid of ion, vacuum 50 DEG C of dry 10h, 120 DEG C of dry 24h again, go out remaining acetone and water, the ionic liquid obtaining purity higher is stand-by.
Be 1:1 by above-mentioned pair of benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid and aluminium chloride mol ratio, then add sodium chloride 10%(and account for total mole number) time, obtained second-phase electrolyte, and to record it the conductivity of 300 DEG C be 1.2S/cm.
Embodiment 2
Identical ionic liquid is prepared stand-by according to the method for embodiment 1
Be 1:1 by above-mentioned pair of benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid and aluminium chloride mol ratio, then add dichloride sulfonyl 10%(and account for total mole number) time, obtained second-phase electrolyte, and to record it the conductivity of 300 DEG C be 0.8S/cm.
Embodiment 3
Identical ionic liquid is prepared stand-by according to the method for embodiment 1
Be 1:1 by above-mentioned pair of benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid and aluminium chloride mol ratio, then add sodium chloride 20%(and account for total mole number) time, obtained second-phase electrolyte, and to record it the conductivity of 300 DEG C be 2.5S/cm.
Embodiment 4
Identical ionic liquid is prepared stand-by according to the method for embodiment 1
Be 1:1 by above-mentioned pair of benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid and aluminium chloride mol ratio, then add sodium chloride 30%(and account for total mole number) time, obtained second-phase electrolyte, and to record it the conductivity of 300 DEG C be 1.8S/cm.
Embodiment 5
Identical ionic liquid is prepared stand-by according to the method for embodiment 1
Be 1:1 by above-mentioned pair of benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid and aluminium chloride mol ratio, then add sodium chloride 40%(and account for total mole number) time, obtained second-phase electrolyte, and to record it the conductivity of 300 DEG C be 1.1S/cm.
Embodiment 6
Identical ionic liquid is prepared stand-by according to the method for embodiment 1
Be 1:1 by above-mentioned pair of benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid and aluminium chloride mol ratio, then add sodium chloride 50%(and account for total mole number) time, obtained second-phase electrolyte, and record its conductivity 0.8S/cm at 300 DEG C.
The all documents mentioned in the present invention are quoted as a reference all in this application, are just quoted separately as a reference as each section of document.In addition should be understood that those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention, and these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims limited range equally after having read above-mentioned instruction content of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind comprises the sode cell of ionic liquid electrolyte, it is characterized in that, described sode cell comprises sodium negative pole, solid electrolyte and comprises the electrolytical positive pole of second-phase, described second-phase electrolyte comprises the ionic liquid mixture comprising two benzalkonium ammonium chloride that formula (I) illustrates and aluminium chloride
Wherein, R, R ' is independently selected from C
4~ C
12alkyl, n is the natural number of 8 ~ 12.
2. sode cell according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mol ratio of described pair of benzalkonium ammonium chloride and aluminium chloride is 1:(1 ~ 4).
3. sode cell according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described second-phase electrolyte also comprises and is selected from NaCl and SOCl
2additive, it is less than 50% that described additive accounts for the electrolytical material mole percent of described second-phase.
4. the sode cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that, R, R ' be different substituting groups.
5. the sode cell according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that, in the operating temperature range of described sode cell, the electrolytical sodium ion conductivity of described second-phase is 1S/cm ~ 5S/cm.
6. the sode cell according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, is characterized in that, described positive pole directly contacts with solid electrolyte.
7. prepare a method for the sode cell according to any one of claim 1 ~ 6, it is characterized in that, described method comprises:
(1) by the two benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid of following synthesis path synthesis, separation, purifying, drying, for subsequent use:
(2) two benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid and alchlor are stirred by required mixed in molar ratio, and add the additive of ormal weight, make mixture be neutral; And
(3) gained mixture and positive-active metal, NaCl are obtained positive electrode mixture with required ratio mixing and stirring, load in solid electrolyte, sealing, then assemble with described sodium negative pole and be prepared into described sode cell.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, two benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid purity that step (1) obtains are more than 99%.
9. the method according to claim 7 or 8, is characterized in that, in step (1), adopts vacuum filtration mode to be separated described pair of benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid.
10. the method according to any one of claim 7 ~ 9, is characterized in that, in step (1), the drying of described pair of benzalkonium ammonium chloride ionic liquid first adopts vacuum 40 ~ 70 DEG C of dryings 8 ~ 12 hours, then 100 ~ 140 DEG C of dryings 18 ~ 30 hours.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022067110A1 (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-03-31 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Primary and secondary sodium and lithium batteries |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120082903A1 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-05 | Zhengcheng Zhang | Functionalized ionic liquid electrolytes for lithium ion batteries |
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2013
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| US20120082903A1 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-05 | Zhengcheng Zhang | Functionalized ionic liquid electrolytes for lithium ion batteries |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| KETACK KIM ET AL.: "Properties of asymmetric benzyl-substituted ammonium ionic liquids and their electrochemical properties.", 《JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY》 * |
| 胡英瑛: "钠电池的研究与开发现状", 《储能科学与技术》 * |
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| WO2022067110A1 (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-03-31 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Primary and secondary sodium and lithium batteries |
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