CN104233124B - A kind of method of improving the softening problem of Strength Aluminum Alloy Welds - Google Patents
A kind of method of improving the softening problem of Strength Aluminum Alloy Welds Download PDFInfo
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- CN104233124B CN104233124B CN201310238270.1A CN201310238270A CN104233124B CN 104233124 B CN104233124 B CN 104233124B CN 201310238270 A CN201310238270 A CN 201310238270A CN 104233124 B CN104233124 B CN 104233124B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of improving the softening problem of Strength Aluminum Alloy Welds, first by heating furnace constant-speed heating to solid solubility temperature, be incubated when as-welded workpiece being put into stove after temperature stabilization; After temperature retention time completes, workpiece is taken out, put into cold water and do Quenching Treatment; Then the workpiece after quenching is put into heating furnace again, constant-speed heating is incubated to aging temp; Be incubated rear workpiece with stove cool to room temperature. The present invention is by carrying out solution treatment and artificial aging to the high strength alumin ium alloy after welding, make welding joint softened problem obtain good improvement, can draw by the hardness test to test specimen and tension test, this explanation can make the intensity of welding point return to the more than 80% of mother metal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to welding technology field, more particularly, relate to and in welding field, improve Strength Aluminum Alloy WeldsSoftening method.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy has the spies such as corrosion resistance, low-temperature flexibility and the formability that density is little, specific strength is high, nonmagnetic, goodPut and be widely used in various Welding Structures, become desirable lightweight material. After aluminium and Welded, depositIn welding joint softened problem in various degree, particularly for heat-treatable strengthened high strength alumin ium alloy, its welding point is softChange problem is particularly serious, and its reason is mainly because the microstructure and property of Seam and heat effected zone is welding Effect of Hyperthermic EnvironmentUnder change and cause. The softening of heat affected area is mainly owing under welding high temperature action, " overaging " institute occurringCause, heat affected area second-phase (hardening constituent) precipitation is separated out and gathers and grow up, and strengthening effect is disappeared, and it is " out-of-date to formEffect " softening, this is also difficult to be avoided under melting welding condition.
At present, the research of welded joints in aluminium alloy strengthening is mainly concentrated on to two aspects both at home and abroad: be from metallurgy on the one handAngle considers, by changing the method research such as composition of welding wire and improving tissue and the performance of weld region, raising connectsIntensity; Be to consider from mechanics angle on the other hand, adopt ageing strengthening, roll strengthening, extruding strengthening, hammering with welderingThe methods such as strengthening, thermal tension, local reinforcement are improved the performance of welding point. These methods can make to a certain extentThe heat treatment reinforcement effect weakening in welding process or disappear is necessarily recovered, but self all exists all deficiencies, asThe ageing strengthening adopting, can improve strength of joint within the specific limits, but that this kind of method is also prone to " overaging " is softChange; Though weldering hammering can improve the mechanical property of thin-slab structure weld seam and toe of weld, needs attachment device, controls more complicated;Thermal tension method production efficiency is low, and cost is higher, and poor working environment is not suitable for the welding of closed weld; Local reinforcementCan make the total bearing capacity of member reach designing requirement, be suitable for medium-and-large-sized member, small members should not use. Therefore, carryGoing out the process of improving the softening problem of Strength Aluminum Alloy Welds that a kind of convenience and high-efficiency, applicability are strong has wellRealistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned background technology discuss in the deficiency of prior art, and provide a kind of convenience and high-efficiency,The method of the softening problem of Strength Aluminum Alloy Welds that what applicability was strong improve, adopts the method for post weld heat treatment to changeThe tissue morphology of welding point, fundamentally improves the intensity of joint.
Technical purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical proposals:
A kind of method of improving Strength Aluminum Alloy Welds corrosion resistance of technical scheme of the present invention, is used high-strength aluminium to closeGold, generally refers to the superhard high strength alumin ium alloy taking aluminium zinc-magnesium albronze as series, for example 2219 aluminum alloy plate materials.
Adopt welding machine to dock this aluminum alloy plate materials. Must butt-welding fitting before welding and welding wire carry out removing surface (surfaceThe aluminium of polishing and aluminium alloy welding wire are without preweld cleaning or cleaning). Can adopt mechanical chipping or soak cleaning method to remove surfaceGrease, dirt and oxide-film, so as not to when welding produce the weld defects such as pore. Weldment and welding wire, after cleaning, are being depositedLet slip Cheng Zhonghui and regenerate oxide-film, particularly in a humid environment, therefore generally should be after cleaning in 4～8 hoursWelding. In welding process, adopt rigidity fixture that the aluminium sheet of welding is fastened on welding bench, to control welding deformation,Notice that clamping force will be suitably. When welding, select rational welding condition to ensure welding quality.
Welding point by two 2219 aluminum alloy plate materials that are of a size of 300mm × 150mm × 8mm along long limit butt welding andBecome, groove is 70 ° of double V-grooves. The Dynasty700 type Variable Polarity TIG weldering that welding machine adopts Miller company of the U.S. to produceMachine, first uses alcohol wipe test specimen surface removal greasy dirt before weldering, then remove surface film oxide with the polishing of hand electric wire brush,Finally remove aluminium bits by alcohol wipe. For preventing that aluminum alloy surface from generating aluminum oxide film again, handled in 4～8 hoursWeld. In welding process, adopt rigidity fixture that the aluminium sheet of welding is fastened on welding bench, become to control weldingShape, notices that clamping force will be suitably. Concrete welding parameter is selected as shown in the table, adopts and first carries out tack welding, then carries outThe mode of three layers of welding is implemented welding.
For heat-treatable strengthened high strength alumin ium alloy, its strengthening mechanism is mainly precipitation strength (ageing strengthening), is closingIn the alloy that gold element solid solubility reduces gradually along with the reduction of temperature, when alloying element content exceedes after certain limit,After solution treatment, quench and can obtain supersaturated solid solution immediately, this supersaturated solid solution is heated at a lower temperature and makes it to send outSolution estranged, diffusion-precipitation phase, and cause the strengthening of alloy. The natural decomposition occurring is at normal temperatures called natrual ageing,Decomposition at additional temperature is called artificial aging. Industrial conventional high strength alumin ium alloy state is that solution treatment adds artificial agingState, the aluminium alloy under this state has good tensile property. Compared with mother metal, welding point is due to local heatImpact, presents as-cast structure in commissure, and the overaging state of precipitated phase agglomeration appears in heat affected area, and joint is sent outRaw serious ruckbildung. If adding aging heat treatment specification according to solid solution, now butt joint re-starts once heat placeReason, strength of joint coefficient will be greatly improved, and softening problem improves. Concrete scheme is as follows:
First the aluminum alloy plate materials of artificial aging state is docked. Due to the particularity of Welded, before welding, wantTest specimen is carried out to strict removing surface, can adopt mechanical means or chemical method to clean out surperficial oxide-film and greasy dirt,In order to avoid when welding in, produces the defects such as pore. When welding, select rational welding condition to ensure welding quality.
To the aluminum alloy plate materials having welded, select corresponding heat treatment parameter to carry out immediately solution treatment and when artificialEffect. First by heating furnace constant-speed heating to solid solubility temperature, be incubated when as-welded workpiece being put into stove after temperature stabilization. InsulationAfter time completes, workpiece is taken out, put into cold water and do Quenching Treatment. Then the workpiece after quenching is put into heating furnace again,Constant-speed heating is incubated to aging temp. Be incubated rear workpiece with stove cool to room temperature, taken out.
After having welded, adopt immediately the box atmosphere furnace of HMX1100-30A to heat-treat 2219 aluminium alloy weldments. ToolBody process of the test is as follows:
The first step, solution treatment. The firing rate of stove is made as to 10 DEG C/min, is heated to after 535 DEG C, weldment is putEnter in heating furnace, be incubated 30min at 535 DEG C. Be incubated rear taking-up, put into cold water (20-25 DEG C of room temperatures) and quenchFire is processed.
Second step, artificial aging. Weldment after Quenching Treatment is put into heating furnace again, and heating furnace adds with 10 DEG C/min'sHot speed is heated to 175 DEG C, then at this temperature, is incubated 12 hours. After being incubated, weldment is cooled to chamber with stove20-25 DEG C of temperature, take out, and complete artificial aging processing.
The present invention, by the high strength alumin ium alloy after welding is carried out to solution treatment and artificial aging, obtains welding joint softened problemGood improvement, can draw by the hardness test to test specimen and tension test, this explanation can make welding pointIntensity returns to the more than 80% of mother metal.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is as-welded weld metal zone microstructure optical microscope photograph (Olympus-GX51).
Fig. 2 is as-welded melt run and heat affected area microstructure optical microscope photograph (Olympus-GX51).
Fig. 3 is weld metal zone microstructure optical microscope photograph (Olympus-GX51) after heat treatment.
Fig. 4 is melt run and heat affected area microstructure optical microscope photograph (Olympus-GX51) after heat treatment.
Fig. 5 is the hardness distribution curve of different conditions lower contact.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail.
Welding point by two 2219 aluminum alloy plate materials that are of a size of 300mm × 150mm × 8mm along long limit butt welding andBecome, groove is 70 ° of double V-grooves. The Dynasty700 type Variable Polarity TIG weldering that welding machine adopts Miller company of the U.S. to produceMachine, first uses alcohol wipe test specimen surface removal greasy dirt before weldering, then remove surface film oxide with the polishing of hand electric wire brush,Finally remove aluminium bits by alcohol wipe. For preventing that aluminum alloy surface from generating aluminum oxide film again, handled in 4～8 hoursWeld. In welding process, adopt rigidity fixture that the aluminium sheet of welding is fastened on welding bench, become to control weldingShape, notices that clamping force will be suitably. Concrete welding parameter is selected as shown in table 1.
Table 1 welding condition
After having welded, adopt immediately the box atmosphere furnace of HMX1100-30A to heat-treat 2219 aluminium alloy weldments. ToolBody process of the test is as follows:
The first step, solution treatment. The firing rate of stove is made as to 10 DEG C/min, is heated to after 535 DEG C, weldment is putEnter in heating furnace, be incubated 30min at 535 DEG C. Be incubated rear taking-up, put into cold water (20-25 DEG C of room temperatures) and quenchFire is processed.
Second step, artificial aging. Weldment after Quenching Treatment is put into heating furnace again, and heating furnace adds with 10 DEG C/min'sHot speed is heated to 175 DEG C, then at this temperature, is incubated 12 hours. After being incubated, weldment is cooled to chamber with stove20-25 DEG C of temperature, take out, and complete artificial aging processing.
The hardness of employing HVA-10A Vickers butt joint is measured (ram load selection 5kg, testing standardGB/T2654-2008), result as shown in Figure 5, is analyzed known as-welded average hardness value commissure approximately by measurement resultFor 75.6HV, heat affected area is about 82.2HV, and through the heat treatment of postwelding, hardness number distributes and is tending towards evenly, and mean value reachesArrived 133.7HV, the 98%(mother metal hardness that is about mother metal hardness is 136.4HV).
(testing standard is GB/T2649-1989, GB/T to adopt YDL-2000 Universal motor to carry out tensile property test2651-2008), as shown in the table.
Note: B represents mother metal, W represents as-welded, A represents heat treatment state
Can find out from experimental result above, almost angle at 45 ° of the rift direction of 2219 aluminium alloy mother metals and test specimen surface,Show as typical ductile fracture, its tensile strength has reached 443MPa, and percentage elongation is 12.6%, with the number providing in tableAccording to substantially meeting, therefore mother metal has good intensity and plasticity; Welding point tension failure position is in weld metal zone, tensionIntensity only has 241MPa, is equivalent to 52.4% of mother metal, and percentage elongation decreases and only has 5.8%, when visible TIG melting weldingJoint tensile strength decline especially severe, this conforms to the ruckbildung that hardness test result occurs, and plasticity also to some extentDecline; Ye weld metal zone, timeliness joint breaking position, test specimen rift direction is almost vertical with face of weld, and tensile strength reachesTo 362MPa, be equivalent to mother metal 81.6%, percentage elongation is 4.7%, joint tensile strength obtains fine recovery, but mouldsProperty declines to some extent compared with welding point. Identical with hardness test and metallographic observation results rule, artificial aging is processed 2219 aluminiumThe intensity of alloy welding point is recovered to be very helpful, and can meet the requirement of use.
Above the present invention is done to exemplary description, should be noted that in the situation that not departing from core of the present invention,The replacement that is equal to that any simple distortion, amendment or other those skilled in the art can not spend creative work all fallsEnter protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a method of improving the softening problem of Strength Aluminum Alloy Welds, is characterized in that, uses high strength alumin ium alloy 2219Aluminum alloy plate materials, to the aluminum alloy plate materials having welded, carries out solution treatment and artificial aging immediately, wherein:
The first step is solution treatment, and the firing rate of stove is made as to 10 DEG C/min, is heated to after 535 DEG C, and weldment is putEnter in heating furnace, be incubated 30min at 535 DEG C; Be incubated rear taking-up, put into 20-25 DEG C and make Quenching Treatment; SecondStep, for artificial aging, is put into heating furnace again by the weldment after Quenching Treatment, and heating furnace adds with the rate of heat addition of 10 DEG C/minHeat, to 175 DEG C, is then incubated 12 hours at this temperature, has been incubated rear weldment with 20-25 DEG C of stove cool to room temperature,Take out, complete artificial aging processing;
Adopt welding machine described aluminum alloy plate materials is docked, welding point by two be of a size of 300mm × 150mm ×2219 aluminum alloy plate materials of 8mm form along long limit butt welding, and groove is 70 ° of double V-grooves, and adopt and first carry out tack welding,Then carry out the mode of three layers of welding and implement welding, concrete technology is as follows:
In described tack welding, electric current is 140A, and voltage is 13.0V, and a-c cycle is 100Hz, and pulse frequency is 6Hz,The peak value of pulse time is 70%, the ratio 20% of pulse base value and peak value, and shield gas flow rate is 15L/min;
In described three layers of welding, ground floor electric current is 150A, and voltage is 10.6V, and a-c cycle is 100Hz, pulseFrequency is 6Hz, and the peak value of pulse time is 70%, the ratio 20% of pulse base value and peak value, and shield gas flow rate is 15L/min;Second layer electric current is 155A, and voltage is 12.9V, and a-c cycle is 100Hz, does not add pulse, and shield gas flow rate is15L/min; The 3rd layer of electric current is 157A, and voltage is 12.4V, and a-c cycle is 100Hz, does not add pulse, protection gasBody flow is 15L/min.
2. a kind of method of improving the softening problem of Strength Aluminum Alloy Welds according to claim 1, its feature existsIn, described protective gas adopts inert gas to protect.
3. a kind of method of improving the softening problem of Strength Aluminum Alloy Welds according to claim 1, is characterized in that welderingConnect front must butt-welding fitting and welding wire carry out removing surface, adopt mechanical chipping or soak cleaning method to remove surperficial grease, dirtAnd oxide-film, in order to avoid welding time produces pore weld defect, welding in 4～8 hours after cleaning.
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| CN108637437A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-10-12 | 北京工业大学 | A method of reducing the softening of working hardening aluminium alloy arc-welded joint |
| CN109570689B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-11-10 | 西北稀有金属材料研究院宁夏有限公司 | Welding method for casting beryllium-aluminum alloy |
| CN110560849B (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-09-14 | 广州黄船海洋工程有限公司 | Soft gasket single-side submerged arc welding process for EH36 high-strength steel thick plate |
| CN111843109B (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2021-08-31 | 上海交通大学 | Repair welding method for reducing welding cracks of magnesium rare earth alloy casting |
| CN114813332B (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2024-03-19 | 天津大学 | Pipeline steel pipe ring-welded joint softening fit usability evaluation method based on bending strain |
| CN114813416B (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2024-03-22 | 天津大学 | Method for evaluating soft chemical combination and usability of girth welded joint in service stage of pipeline steel pipe |
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