CN104232871A - Novel train wheel integral-quenching technology - Google Patents
Novel train wheel integral-quenching technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN104232871A CN104232871A CN201310221946.6A CN201310221946A CN104232871A CN 104232871 A CN104232871 A CN 104232871A CN 201310221946 A CN201310221946 A CN 201310221946A CN 104232871 A CN104232871 A CN 104232871A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel train wheel integral-quenching technology. The novel train wheel integral-quenching technology comprises the following steps of 1, putting a workpiece into a lower vacuum heat-insulation mold cavity and a lower positioning mold cavity and dropping an upper compression mold and an upper vacuum heat-insulation mold cavity so that the upper vacuum heat-insulation mold cavity and the lower vacuum heat-insulation mold cavity clamp the workpiece, 2, fast dropping the integral-quenching device clamping the workpiece so that the device is immersed in a quenching cooling medium, and vertically and horizontally moving the integral device along with quenching cooling medium jet flow stirring, and 3, after cooling, integrally lifting the device, lifting the upper compression mold and the upper vacuum heat-insulation mold cavity and unloading the workpiece. In the novel train wheel integral-quenching process, a train wheel integrally enters into the quenching medium along with the molds, does not form a large amount of water vapor mixed with foreign materials such as scale, and does not produce pollution on a work environment. The train wheel obtained by the novel train wheel integral-quenching technology has high integral mechanical properties and excellent strength. The novel train wheel integral-quenching technology satisfies train wheel E-grade integral quenching technology requirements, and is conducive to high-speed wheel nationalization and wheel integral-quenching large-scale popularization application.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention belongs to thermal treatment process, specifically refers to a kind of novel process of train wheel integral quenching.
Background technology
Train wheel is the major parts of railway transportation vehicle, in the course of the work by repeated load effect.Wheel web needs good toughness, break resistance and heat crack resistance, and tread (wheel rim) occurs to rub because contacting with rail and generates heat, easily peel off, roll over heap, need higher hardness, intensity and wear resistance, therefore require that wheel (particularly high-speed wheel) has good comprehensive mechanical performance, reach high security and high economy.Thermal treatment is the Main Means reaching these performances.
UIC Standards UIC812 and international standard ISO1005 is except N, T level thermal treatment process mode, also have the thermal treatment process mode-E level thermal treatment of a kind of advanced person, namely adopt the tempering (solid wheel dip quench technique) of whole immersion type quenching and more than 500 DEG C.
The N level thermal treatment of wheel and normalizing treatment, the thermal treatment of T level and the process of wheel rim chilling and quenching, the thermal treatment of E level and the process of solid wheel dip quench.The thermal treatment of E level is due to many reasons such as wheel shape are complicated, and process implementing is very difficult.But than N, T level, adopt E level thermal treatment process that wheel performance can be made best.
Current most domestic specialty wheel factory, according to GB8601 and TB2708 standard regulation, can only carry out N level and T level 2 kinds of thermal treatment process.
The thermal treatment of N level:
Namely normalizing or normalizing add temper, and this process of thermal treatment method is the simplest, but the comprehensive mechanical performance of wheel is poor.
The thermal treatment of T level:
Namely wheel rim chilling and quenching adds temper, conventional for horizontally taking turns disappointed continuous quenching technique, vertically taking turns disappointed slack quenching technique, wheel rim three surface strengthening quenching technology.
Horizontally take turns disappointed continuous quenching technique: wheel has Russia, China, Britain etc. with the outer side country that modes of emplacement accepts tread quenching upward on quenching press, wheel with medial surface upward modes of emplacement accept tread quenching country have France, Japan etc., SUMITOMO CHEMICAL metal company wheel tread quenching while, also at outer side water-spraying control.At present, most of factory adopts this technological principle in the world, completes wheel rim tread hardening process.
Vertical wheel rim quenching: the vertical quenching technology of wheel is that wheel is edge-on, carries out the processing method of tread quenching.
Wheel rim three surface strengthening quenches: face up at lateral wheel, under the condition of horizontal positioned, for the whole wheel rim part (comprising the circumferential direction of tread, outer side, medial surface and whole wheel rim) of wheel, give spray quenching cooling simultaneously.
The heat treated 3 kinds of different processing methodes of T level, what all adopt is spray quenching cooling, and its common feature is:
The adjustment difficulty of its relative position of wheel of the corresponding different size specification of quenching press nozzle, affects the cooled quality conformance of quench wheel of different size specification;
The control difficulty, particularly each nozzle of different positions of cooling water pressure and flow and the resistance of the pipe of each nozzle are not the same, and affects the homogeneity of quench wheel cooling hardness afterwards.
The quenching press failure rate of multiple nozzle is high, technique adjustment difficulty.
What formed in quench cooled process mixes a large amount of water vapors of the foreign material such as oxide skin, severe contamination Working environment.
For large-scale production in enormous quantities, need configure multiple stage quenching press and process furnace, transfer roller etc. constitute processing line, transfer roller must the workpiece transfer of corresponding multiple stage quenching press, and its equipment is complicated, failure rate is high, cost of investment is large.
Adopt T level process of thermal treatment method, although heat treatment performance is not as the thermal treatment of E level, process implementing is easy to tissue.
The thermal treatment of E level
Namely solid wheel dip quench adds temper, the processing method of tempering after solid wheel quenching, and wheel (particularly high-speed wheel) performance can be made best.Because wheel shape is complicated, wheel rim, between hub and disc cross section, size is widely different, so the enforcement of solid wheel quenching technology is very difficult.And adopt this technique to raising wheel performance, particularly wheel rim performance not only clearly, and be required.Wheel heat processing worker is finding the new process that can meet railway (particularly bullet train) service requirements always in decades.
Wheel is produced the E level condition of pressing in UIC812 and international standard ISO1005 and is produced and inspection, in China, the production of this wheel has completed trial-production task, and puts into production, but the processing method of this advantage of E level thermal treatment can not popularize application in an all-round way, and its reason is:
The shape of cross section of wheel rim, disc, hub composition is too complicated;
The not reproducible application of quenching disc safety guard;
The more difficult tissue of Technology, quenching former safety guard loads difficulty;
Wheel has complicated stress distribution;
Deflection deformation is large, increases cutting output;
Wheel manufacturing cost is high;
Therefore, Integral wheel hardening technique, although in theory with practice on all very necessary, there is all difficulties fail extensively to promote, only in the wheel kind of minority special requirement, for a few countries adopts selectively owing to manufacturing.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome shortcoming described in background technology, invention meets the train wheel E level thermal treatment integral quenching novel process of railway (particularly bullet train) wheel heat processing specification of quality.
Train wheel integral quenching novel process of the present invention, its process unit comprises top die, upper heat insulation die cavity, workpiece, lower heat insulation die cavity, lower positioning module, quenchant and jet flow device, and technological process adopts upper and lower mould pressurization limit shape quenching technology, jet flow stirs and vibration quenching technology, vacuum heat-insulation die cavity quenching technology and optimum design of die manufacturing technology.
Train wheel integral quenching processing step of the present invention is as follows:
(1) first loaded by workpiece in lower heat insulation die cavity and lower location die cavity, top die and upper heat insulation die cavity decline with lower heat insulation die cavity clamping work pieces and pressurize and limit shape;
(2) Integral quenching device of above-mentioned clamping work pieces decline fast and dip quench heat-eliminating medium in, descend vibration on the whole, move horizontally, jet flow device stirs quenchant;
(3) the dynamics stochastic control quench cooled time, after cooling terminates, rise overally, top die and upper heat insulation die cavity promote, and workpiece draws off.
Further, wheel enters quenchant with integral quenching after clamping mould.
Further, heat insulation die cavity is vacuum heat-insulation die cavity.
Further, descend vibration on the whole, move horizontally as repeatedly circular flow.
Further, jet flow device is constant voltage constant speed and synchronously carries out with moving horizontally.
Further, the cooling of vacuum tightness on train wheel disc and wheel hub of vacuum heat-insulation die cavity has larger impact, and in operation, in die cavity, fluctuation vacuum is not more than ± 50Pa.
Further, after quenching terminates, temperature >=650 DEG C of disc and wheel hub.
Further, upper and lower mould is reusable, and upper and lower mould work-ing life is more than ten thousand times, and vacuum heat-insulation die cavity work-ing life is more than thousand times.
The present invention is also applicable to similar other heat treatment of workpieces etc. having particular requirement.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, adopt upper and lower mould pressurization limit shape quenching technology, limit gear deflection deformation, decrease cutting output, reduce the manufacturing cost of wheel; Adopt jet flow to stir and vibration quenching technology, the quenching hardness homogeneity of railroad wheel surface and wheel rim improves, and the quenching hardness degree of depth of wheel rim strengthens; Adopt vacuum heat-insulation die cavity quenching technology, do not formed in quenching process and mix a large amount of water vapors of the foreign material such as oxide skin, do not produce the pollution to Working environment; Adopt optimum design of die manufacturing technology, vacuum heat-insulation die cavity can be reused, and upper and lower mould work-ing life is more than ten thousand times, and the cooled quality conformance of different size specification quench wheel is good, and the wheel technique adjustment of different size specification and unlike material is simple.The application of this Integral wheel hardening novel process, preferably resolve the technical barrier of high-speed wheel E level integral quenching technique and continuous flow procedure, especially the comprehensive mechanical performance of wheel improves, intensity index is excellent, meet the requirement of train wheel E level integral quenching technology, be conducive to the process and the Integral wheel hardening technology large-scale promotion application that promote high-speed wheel production domesticization.
Figure of description
Fig. 1, train wheel essential structure schematic diagram.
Overall clamping schematic diagram before the quenching of Fig. 2, train wheel.
Fig. 3, train wheel integral quenching schematic diagram.
Concrete implementing process
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, train wheel integral quenching novel process, its process unit comprises top die 1, upper heat insulation die cavity 2, workpiece 3, lower heat insulation die cavity 4, lower positioning module 5, quenchant 6 and jet flow device 7, and technological process adopts upper and lower mould pressurization limit shape quenching technology, jet flow stirs and vibration quenching technology, vacuum heat-insulation die cavity quenching technology and optimum design of die manufacturing technology.
Described train wheel integral quenching Fresh Quenching Process, its step is as follows:
(1) first workpiece 3 is loaded lower heat insulation die cavity 4 with in lower positioning module 5 chamber, top die 1 and upper heat insulation die cavity 2 decline with lower heat insulation die cavity 4 clamping work pieces and pressurize and limit shape;
(2) Integral quenching device of above-mentioned clamping work pieces declines and dip quench heat-eliminating medium 6 fast, and descend vibration on the whole, move horizontally, jet flow device 7 pairs of quenchants 6 stir;
(3) the dynamics stochastic control quench cooled time, after cooling terminates, rise overally, top die 1 and upper heat insulation die cavity 2 promote, and workpiece 3 draws off.
Vacuum heat-insulation quenching technology is adopted in quenching process of the present invention, after quenching terminates, the disc of train wheel and the temperature > of wheel hub 650 DEG C, for guaranteeing its comprehensive mechanical performance, the cooling of vacuum tightness on train wheel disc and wheel hub of vacuum heat-insulation die cavity has larger impact, in operation, in die cavity, fluctuation vacuum is not more than ± 50Pa.
As shown in Figure 3, quenching technology of the present invention adopts jet flow device to stir and vibration quenching technology, and the quenching hardness homogeneity of railroad wheel surface and wheel rim improves, and the quenching hardness degree of depth of wheel rim strengthens.
Quenching technology of the present invention carries out pressurization by top die 1 and upper heat insulation die cavity 2 and limits shape quenching technology, limits deflection deformation, decreases cutting output, reduce the manufacturing cost of wheel.
The present invention adopts optimum design of die manufacturing technology, and upper and lower mould is reusable, top die 1 and lower positioning module 5 work-ing life more than ten thousand times, and vacuum heat-insulation die cavity work-ing life is more than thousand times.
The present invention can improve through the comprehensive mechanical of the train wheel of this quenching technology processing, and especially intensity index is excellent; The good uniformity of hardness after train wheel quench cooled, wheel tread hardness is moderate, successively decreases gently from tread to wheel rim centre hardness; The cooled quality conformance of quench wheel of different size specification is good, and the wheel technique adjustment of different size specification and unlike material is simple; Limit deflection deformation, decrease cutting output, reduce the manufacturing cost of wheel.
What do not formed in quench cooled process mixes a large amount of water vapors of the foreign material such as oxide skin, does not produce the pollution to Working environment.The application of this Integral wheel hardening novel process, preferably resolve the technical barrier of high-speed wheel E level integral quenching technique and continuous flow procedure, especially the comprehensive mechanical performance of wheel improves, intensity index is excellent, meet the requirement of train wheel E level integral quenching technology, be conducive to the process and the Integral wheel hardening technology large-scale promotion application that promote high-speed wheel production domesticization.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. train wheel integral quenching novel process, it is characterized in that, process unit comprises top die, upper heat insulation die cavity, workpiece, lower heat insulation die cavity, lower positioning module, quenchant and jet flow device, and technological process adopts upper and lower mould pressurization limit shape quenching technology, jet flow stirs and vibration quenching technology, vacuum heat-insulation die cavity quenching technology and optimum design of die manufacturing technology.
2., based on train wheel integral quenching novel process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise following processing step:
(1) first loaded by workpiece in lower heat insulation die cavity and lower location die cavity, top die and upper heat insulation die cavity decline with lower heat insulation die cavity clamping work pieces and pressurize and limit shape;
(2) Integral quenching device of above-mentioned clamping work pieces decline fast and dip quench heat-eliminating medium in, descend vibration on the whole, move horizontally, jet flow device stirs quenchant;
(3) the dynamics stochastic control quench cooled time, after cooling terminates, rise overally, top die and upper heat insulation die cavity promote, and workpiece draws off.
3. train wheel integral quenching novel process according to claim 2, is characterized in that, quench wheel enters quenchant with integral quenching after clamping mould.
4. train wheel integral quenching novel process according to claim 2, is characterized in that, heat insulation die cavity is vacuum heat-insulation die cavity.
5. train wheel integral quenching novel process according to claim 2, is characterized in that, descend vibration on the whole, moves horizontally as repeatedly circular flow.
6. train wheel integral quenching novel process according to claim 2, is characterized in that, jet flow device be constant voltage constant speed and with move horizontally action and synchronously carry out.
7. train wheel integral quenching novel process according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the cooling of vacuum tightness on train wheel disc and wheel hub of vacuum heat-insulation die cavity has larger impact, and in operation, in heat insulation die cavity, fluctuation vacuum is not more than ± 50Pa.
8. train wheel integral quenching novel process according to claim 2, is characterized in that, after quenching terminates, and the disc of train wheel and the temperature > of wheel hub 650 DEG C.
9. train wheel integral quenching novel process according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, upper and lower mould is reusable, and upper and lower mould work-ing life is more than ten thousand times, and vacuum heat-insulation die cavity work-ing life is more than thousand times.
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| CN201310221946.6A CN104232871B (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2013-06-06 | train wheel integral quenching technique |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104907847A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-09-16 | 芜湖创智机械技术有限公司 | Automobile wheel hub clamping apparatus |
| CN110951951A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-03 | 太原重工轨道交通设备有限公司 | Immersion quenching apparatus and method |
| CN117004799A (en) * | 2023-09-24 | 2023-11-07 | 江苏朗锐茂达铸造有限公司 | Quenching equipment and method for thin-wall special-shaped piece of subway bogie |
| WO2024065923A1 (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2024-04-04 | 徐州徐工履带底盘有限公司 | Preparation method for guide wheel, and guide wheel |
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| JP2006225755A (en) * | 2005-01-20 | 2006-08-31 | Fujino Gijutsu Consultant:Kk | Apparatus for producing aluminum wheel |
| CN201769359U (en) * | 2010-09-01 | 2011-03-23 | 胡德云 | Double-base complex vacuum forming mold |
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| JP2006225755A (en) * | 2005-01-20 | 2006-08-31 | Fujino Gijutsu Consultant:Kk | Apparatus for producing aluminum wheel |
| CN102317001A (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2012-01-11 | 蒂森克虏伯钢铁欧洲股份公司 | Method for producing a press-quenched metal component |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104907847A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-09-16 | 芜湖创智机械技术有限公司 | Automobile wheel hub clamping apparatus |
| CN110951951A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-03 | 太原重工轨道交通设备有限公司 | Immersion quenching apparatus and method |
| WO2024065923A1 (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2024-04-04 | 徐州徐工履带底盘有限公司 | Preparation method for guide wheel, and guide wheel |
| CN117004799A (en) * | 2023-09-24 | 2023-11-07 | 江苏朗锐茂达铸造有限公司 | Quenching equipment and method for thin-wall special-shaped piece of subway bogie |
| CN117004799B (en) * | 2023-09-24 | 2023-12-22 | 江苏朗锐茂达铸造有限公司 | Quenching equipment and method for thin-wall special-shaped piece of subway bogie |
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| CN104232871B (en) | 2017-06-16 |
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