CN104226278A - Preparation method and application of thallium adsorbent - Google Patents

Preparation method and application of thallium adsorbent Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104226278A
CN104226278A CN201410452028.9A CN201410452028A CN104226278A CN 104226278 A CN104226278 A CN 104226278A CN 201410452028 A CN201410452028 A CN 201410452028A CN 104226278 A CN104226278 A CN 104226278A
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thallium
adsorbent
preparation
solution
hydrochloric acid
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CN104226278B (en
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何星存
何星基
郑波
苏小建
蔡国华
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Guilin Honest ESET Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a thallium adsorbent. The method comprises the following steps: S10, adding a polyamide material for column chromatography to a dilute hydrochloric acid solution, and mixing and soaking at room temperature for 20-24 hours; S20, adding potassium ferrocyanide trihyrate to a solution system in the step S10, stirring evenly, standing for 20-24 hours and then filtering; S30, adding the filtered solid substance to a ferric chloride solution, so that blue sediments are generated on the solid substance, and stirring for 40-60 minutes until the blue sediments are not increased; and S40, filtering the solid-liquid mixture in the step S30, obtaining solid loaded with the blue sediments, and cleaning with clean water, so as to obtain a wet thallium adsorbent. The preparation method is simple in preparation process, strong in practicability, and suitable for large-scale industrial production, and raw materials are low in cost.

Description

A kind of preparation method of thallium adsorbent and purposes
Technical field
The present invention relates to sewage treatment area, particularly a kind of preparation method of thallium adsorbent and purposes.
Background technology
Thallium is the slightly nattier blue silvery white ductile metal of one, and water insoluble and aqueous slkali, is soluble in acid.Usually be present in iron, zinc sulfides ore deposit with trace, be the typical rare and dispersed element that occurring in nature exists, be also a kind of hypertoxic heavy metal element simultaneously.It is only second to methyl mercury to people and mammiferous toxicity, and much larger than mercury, lead and arsenic, main manifestations is neurotoxicity, makes the position such as people and mammiferous central nervous system, gastrointestinal system and kidney that pathology occur.
Along with thallium is in extensive use that is agriculture, industrial and high-technology field, a large amount of thallium and compound entered environment medium thereof, as, containing the mine Weathering And Leaching in Tl mining district, nonferrous metallurgical process, smelting wastewater discharge etc., the thallium entered in water body and soil is continued to increase, causes environmental pollution on the one hand, on the other hand by food chain enrichment, serious threat human body and animal body health, particularly cause high risks safely to drinking water supply.Due to its high poison, thallium and compound thereof are listed in priority pollutants blacklist by China.How effectively to prevent, control and administer the pollution tool of thallium to water, soil environment to be of great significance.
At present, the administering method of thallium pollution water body is few, especially lacks the effective technology of advanced treating.U.S. EPA recommends the activated alumina method of purification and ion-exchange, but in actual applications, the calcium in water, magnesium plasma background concn are comparatively large, and the removal effect of these two kinds of methods to low concentration thallium is unsatisfactory.The industrial wastewater high to thallium concentration, by adding oxidant and alkaline matter, as lime etc., makes monovalence thallium be oxidized to trivalent thallium, and generate precipitation and remove, but this method belongs to primary treatment, residual thallium is still higher.In the emergency processing of recent year generation river thallium pollution event, utilize thallium easily by character that " sponge adsorbent " adsorbs, the adsorbents such as manganese dioxide solid are added in contaminated water body, reduce the activity rate of thallium and make it precipitate or add potassium permanganate and other medicaments, the concentration of thallium is reduced by oxidation, precipitation and absorption, but drop to acceptable level to make concentration and often will add a large amount of chemical agents, no matter and the precipitation containing thallium is suspended in water, still be settled down to bed mud, remain potential threat.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method and purposes of cheap, thallium adsorbent that technique is simple, practical.
The present invention proposes a kind of preparation method of thallium adsorbent, and it comprises the following steps:
S10, gets column chromatography polyamide materials and joins in dilute hydrochloric acid solution, and under room temperature, 20-24 hour is soaked in mixing;
S20, adds potassium ferrocyanide in the solution system in step S10, stirs and filters after leaving standstill 20-24 hour;
S30, gets the solid matter after filtration, adds in ferric chloride solution, and blue precipitate appears in described solid matter, stirs 40-60 minute, when no longer increasing to blue precipitate;
S40, the solidliquid mixture of filtration step S30, obtains the solid that load has blue precipitate, and cleans with clear water, obtains hygrometric state thallium adsorbent.
Preferably, also comprise step S50, obtained hygrometric state thallium adsorbent is carried out being dried to moisture content and is less than 4%.
Preferably, the concrete steps of described drying are: proceeded in drying room by Turnover Box by obtained hygrometric state thallium adsorbent, and are dried by hygrometric state thallium adsorbent by heated-air circulation oven, and in the overall drying process, bake out temperature controls at 45 DEG C-55 DEG C.
Preferably, the polyamide materials described in step S10 is polyamide or Fypro.
Preferably, the concentration of watery hydrochloric acid described in step S10 is 0.5mol/L, and the mass ratio of described polyamide materials and hydrochloric acid solution is 1:20.
Preferably, after adding potassium ferrocyanide to the solution system in step S10 in step S20, the concentration of described potassium ferrocyanide is 0.1mol/L.
Preferably, in step S30, described ferric chloride concn is 0.01mol/L, and solid matter after described filtration and ferric chloride solution mass ratio are 1:20.
The present invention also proposes a kind of method removing thallium in waste water, and it comprises the following steps:
S11, adopt wet method dress post, the thallium adsorbent preparation method as described in any one of claim 1 to 7 prepared loads adsorption column, and blade diameter length ratio is 1:8-10;
S12, regulates the pH value of waste water to acid, flows through adsorption column with the flow velocity of 2-4BV/h.
Preferably, further comprising the steps of:
S13, the upon adsorption dose of leakage point that reaches capacity, the saturated potassium chloride got containing 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution is eluent, flows through adsorption column and carries out wash-out, and circulate 3-6 time, obtain eluent with the flow velocity of 1BV/h;
S14, toward the adding calcium hydroxide of eluent described in step S13 to solution PH > 7, adds vulcanized sodium, filters after reaction, and by the sediment of gained by dangerous disposition of solid waste.
The preparation method of the thallium adsorbent that the present invention proposes, technique is simple, practical, and low in raw material price is suitable for large-scale industrial production; And obtained adsorbent has the effect of special efficacy exchange adsorption to thallium, can when calcium, magnesium, sulfate radical, chlorine plasma background concn be larger, the thallium of low concentration in Adsorption water, makes it reach standards for drinking water quality (GB5749-2006).
Detailed description of the invention
Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of thallium adsorbent, it comprises the following steps:
S10, gets column chromatography polyamide materials and joins in dilute hydrochloric acid solution, and under room temperature, 20-24 hour is soaked in mixing;
In practical operation, polyamide materials first can add water and wash away dust and powder, selects bulk or graininess material material.Preferably, described polyamide materials is polyamide or Fypro.
S20, adds potassium ferrocyanide in the solution system in step S10, stirs and filters after leaving standstill 20-24 hour;
It should be noted that the filtrate of filtering gained can be reused after optionally supplementing hydrochloric acid and potassium ferrocyanide.
S30, gets the solid matter after filtration, adds in ferric chloride solution, blue precipitate appears in solid matter, stirs 40-60 minute, when no longer increasing to blue precipitate;
In practical operation, the solid matter after filtration is polyamide granules or Fypro.
S40, the solidliquid mixture of filtration step S30, obtains the solid that load has blue precipitate, and cleans with clear water, obtains hygrometric state thallium adsorbent.
Preferably, conveniently carry and preserve, obtained hygrometric state thallium adsorbent also will carry out being dried to moisture content and be less than 4%.Particularly, described hygrometric state thallium adsorbent is proceeded in drying room by Turnover Box, and is dried by wet granular by heated-air circulation oven, and in the overall drying process, bake out temperature controls at 45 DEG C-55 DEG C.After measured, this adsorbent is 56mg/g (butt particle) and 73mg/g (dry fabric) to the saturated adsorption capacity of thallium.
The preparation method of the thallium adsorbent that the present invention proposes, be using polyamide materials as carrier, be immersed in 20-24 hour in dilute hydrochloric acid solution under room temperature, in hydrochloric acid medium, the amid protonization in polyamide structure is positively charged; During with potassium ferrocyanide solution process, amide groups absorption Fe (CN) of positive charge 6 4-anion; Again with ferric chloride solution process, Fe (CN) 6 4-fe in ion and ferric chloride solution 3+reaction, generates rapidly blue precipitate-Prussian blue, and is attached in polyamide materials.Reaction equation is:
3Fe(CN) 6 4-+4Fe 3+→Fe 4[Fe(CN) 6] 3
Load there is the polyamide materials of this blue precipitate to filter to clean, obtain thallium adsorbent.This adsorbent has the effect of special efficacy exchange adsorption to thallium, can when calcium, magnesium, sulfate radical, chlorine plasma background concn be larger, the thallium of low concentration in Adsorption water, it is made to reach standards for drinking water quality (GB5749-2006), and preparation technology is simple, practical, low in raw material price, is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
The present invention also proposes a kind of method removing thallium in waste water, and it comprises the following steps:
S11, adopt wet method dress post, the thallium adsorbent prepared by above-mentioned preparation method is loaded adsorption column, and blade diameter length ratio is 1:8-10;
S12, regulates the pH value of waste water to acid, flows through adsorption column with the flow velocity of 2-4BV/h.
What the present invention proposed utilizes thallium adsorbent to remove the method for thallium in waste water, and thallium adsorbent is loaded adsorption column, when waste water containing thallium flows through adsorption column, thallium replaceable Prussian blue on iron after form insoluble substance TI Fe [Fe (CN) 6, be attached on the adsorbent in adsorption column, thus TI is replaced from waste water separate.
Preferably, in order to make adsorbent reuse, also following operation to be carried out to the adsorbent displacing thallium:
S13, the upon adsorption dose of leakage point that reaches capacity, the saturated potassium chloride got containing 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution is eluent, flows through adsorption column and carries out wash-out, and circulate 3-6 time, obtain eluent with the flow velocity of 1BV/h;
S14, in the eluent obtained in step S13, adding calcium hydroxide is to solution PH > 7, then adds vulcanized sodium, filters, supernatant is integrated with waste water after reaction, and the sediment of gained is by dangerous disposition of solid waste.
Reach absorption saturated after, through being that eluent rinses repeatedly containing the saturated potassium chloride of 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, obtain the eluent containing thallium, this eluent in the basic conditions, take vulcanized sodium as precipitating reagent, generates thallium sulfide precipitation.By Separation of Solid and Liquid, namely obtain the sediment of Containing Sulfur thallium, by dangerous disposition of solid waste; (that is, according to the regulation of " Chinese people's republicanism order prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid wastes method " it collected and be under lock and key, and the hazardous waste disposal company specifying State Bureau of Environmental Protection to approve disposes.) supernatant is directly incorporated into wastewater treatment.
Embodiment 1:
S10, gets 14 ~ 30 order column chromatography polyamides, at room temperature adds 0.5mol/L HCl solution by 1:20 (weight ratio), soaks 20 hours.
S20, adding the concentration making potassium ferrocyanide solution in potassium ferrocyanide to the solution system in step S10 is 0.1mol/L, stirs, and soaks after 24 hours and filters.
S30, gets the polyamide granules after filtration, adds 0.01mol/L FeCl by 1:20 (mass ratio) 3in solution, there is blue precipitate in polyamide granules, continue low rate mixing 60min, to blue precipitate no longer increases.
S40, filters and cleans with clear water, obtaining hygrometric state thallium adsorbent.
Embodiment 2:
S10, gets 14 ~ 30 order column chromatography Fypros, at room temperature adds in 0.5mol/L HCl solution by 1:20 (weight ratio), soaks 23 hours.
S20, adding the concentration making potassium ferrocyanide solution in potassium ferrocyanide to the solution system in step S10 is 0.1mol/L, stirs, and leaves standstill after 20 hours and filters.
S30, gets the Fypro after filtration, adds 0.01mol/L FeCl by 1:20 (mass ratio) 3in solution, there is blue precipitate in Fypro, continue low rate mixing 50min, to blue precipitate no longer increases.
S40, filters and cleans with clear water, obtaining hygrometric state thallium adsorbent.
Embodiment 3:
S10, gets 14 ~ 30 order column chromatography polyamides, at room temperature adds in 0.5mol/L HCl solution by 1:20 (weight ratio), soaks 24 hours.
S20, adding the concentration making potassium ferrocyanide solution in potassium ferrocyanide to the solution system in step S10 is 0.1mol/L, stirs, and leaves standstill after 22 hours and filters.
S30, gets the polyamide granules after filtration, adds 0.01mol/L FeCl by 1:20 (mass ratio) 3in solution, there is blue precipitate in polyamide granules, continue low rate mixing 40min, to blue precipitate no longer increases.
S40, filters and cleans with clear water, obtaining hygrometric state thallium adsorbent.
Embodiment 4:
S11, adopt wet method dress post, the thallium adsorbent prepared by above-mentioned preparation method is loaded adsorption column, and blade diameter length ratio is 1:10.
S12, with the water outlet of certain smeltery after multi-grade chemical precipitation process for handling object, this water outlet, containing heavy metal ion, especially containing a large amount of calcium ion, and is 0.24mg/L through surveying thallium content.Regulate the pH value to 4 of this waste water, flow through adsorption column with the flow velocity of 3BV/h.
Measure the thallium content in water outlet with ICP-MS method, result lower than method detection limit 0.00005mg/L, lower than the concentration limit of standards for drinking water quality (GB5749-2006).
S13, upon adsorption saturated reach leakage point after, the saturated potassium chloride got containing 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution is eluent, flows through adsorption column and carries out wash-out to the thallium adsorbent through step S20, and circulate 3-6 time, obtain eluent with the flow velocity of 1BV/h;
S14, in the eluent obtained in step S30, adding calcium hydroxide is to solution PH > 7, then adds vulcanized sodium, filters after a period of time, and supernatant is integrated with waste water, and the sediment of gained presses dangerous solid wastes disposing.
Embodiment 5:
S11, adopt wet method dress post, the thallium adsorbent prepared by above-mentioned preparation method is loaded adsorption column, and blade diameter length ratio is 1:8.
S12, equally with the water outlet of certain smeltery after multi-grade chemical precipitation process in embodiment 4 for handling object (containing thallium 0.24mg/L), regulate the pH value to 5.5 of this waste water, flow through adsorption column with the flow velocity of 4BV/h.
Measure the thallium content in water outlet with ICP-MS method, result lower than method detection limit 0.00005mg/L, lower than the concentration limit of standards for drinking water quality (GB5749-2006).
Embodiment 6:
S11, adopt wet method dress post, the thallium adsorbent prepared by above-mentioned preparation method is loaded adsorption column, and blade diameter length ratio is 1:9.
S12, for handling object, regulates the pH value to 5 of this waste water with the water outlet of certain smeltery after multi-grade chemical precipitation process (containing thallium 0.24mg/L) in embodiment 4 equally, flows through adsorption column with the flow velocity of 2BV/h.
Measure the thallium content in water outlet with ICP-MS method, result lower than method detection limit 0.00005mg/L, lower than the concentration limit of standards for drinking water quality (GB5749-2006).
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a preparation method for thallium adsorbent, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S10, gets column chromatography polyamide materials and joins in dilute hydrochloric acid solution, and under room temperature, 20-24 hour is soaked in mixing;
S20, adds potassium ferrocyanide in the solution system in step S10, stirs and filters after leaving standstill 20-24 hour;
S30, gets the solid matter after filtration, adds in ferric chloride solution, and blue precipitate appears in described solid matter, stirs 40-60 minute, when no longer increasing to blue precipitate;
S40, the solidliquid mixture of filtration step S30, obtains the solid that load has blue precipitate, and cleans with clear water, obtains hygrometric state thallium adsorbent.
2. the preparation method of thallium adsorbent as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprise step S50, obtained hygrometric state thallium adsorbent is carried out being dried to moisture content and is less than 4%.
3. the preparation method of thallium adsorbent as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the concrete steps of described drying are: proceed in drying room by obtained hygrometric state thallium adsorbent by Turnover Box, and by heated-air circulation oven, hygrometric state thallium adsorbent is dried, and in the overall drying process, bake out temperature controls at 45 DEG C-55 DEG C.
4. the preparation method of thallium adsorbent as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the polyamide materials described in step S10 is polyamide or Fypro.
5. the preparation method of the thallium adsorbent according to any one of Claims 1-4, is characterized in that, the concentration of watery hydrochloric acid described in step S10 is 0.5mol/L, and the mass ratio of described polyamide materials and hydrochloric acid solution is 1:20.
6. the preparation method of the thallium adsorbent according to any one of Claims 1-4, is characterized in that, after adding potassium ferrocyanide to the solution system in step S10 in step S20, the concentration of described potassium ferrocyanide is 0.1mol/L.
7. the preparation method of the thallium adsorbent according to any one of Claims 1-4, is characterized in that, in step S30, the concentration of described ferric chloride solution is 0.01mol/L, and solid matter after described filtration and ferric chloride solution mass ratio are 1:20.
8. the thallium adsorbent prepared of the preparation method as described in any one of claim 1 to 7 is in the application of removing thallium in waste water.
9. remove a method for thallium in waste water, it is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps:
S11, adopt wet method dress post, the thallium adsorbent preparation method as described in any one of claim 1 to 7 prepared loads adsorption column, and blade diameter length ratio is 1:8-10;
S12, regulates the pH value of waste water to acid, flows through adsorption column with the flow velocity of 2-4BV/h.
10. the method removing thallium in waste water as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of:
S13, the upon adsorption dose of leakage point that reaches capacity, the saturated potassium chloride got containing 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution is eluent, flows through adsorption column and carries out wash-out, and circulate 3-6 time, obtain eluent with the flow velocity of 1BV/h;
S14, in the described eluent that step S13 obtains, adding calcium hydroxide is to solution PH > 7, adds vulcanized sodium, filters after reaction, and by the sediment of gained by dangerous disposition of solid waste.
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Cited By (4)

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CN106082502A (en) * 2016-08-16 2016-11-09 华南理工大学 A kind of remove the method for thallium in waste water
CN110252270A (en) * 2019-07-05 2019-09-20 广东华准检测技术有限公司 A kind of desorption cycle of the titanium peroxide containing thallium utilizes method and device
CN111186887A (en) * 2020-01-19 2020-05-22 中南大学 Method for removing and recovering thallium from industrial wastewater
CN115947432A (en) * 2023-01-17 2023-04-11 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 Method for removing trace thallium ions in water

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106082502A (en) * 2016-08-16 2016-11-09 华南理工大学 A kind of remove the method for thallium in waste water
CN106082502B (en) * 2016-08-16 2019-06-18 华南理工大学 A kind of method of thallium in removal waste water
CN110252270A (en) * 2019-07-05 2019-09-20 广东华准检测技术有限公司 A kind of desorption cycle of the titanium peroxide containing thallium utilizes method and device
CN110252270B (en) * 2019-07-05 2022-04-19 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 Desorption recycling method and device for thallium-containing titanium peroxide
CN111186887A (en) * 2020-01-19 2020-05-22 中南大学 Method for removing and recovering thallium from industrial wastewater
CN111186887B (en) * 2020-01-19 2021-09-03 中南大学 Method for removing and recovering thallium from industrial wastewater
CN115947432A (en) * 2023-01-17 2023-04-11 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 Method for removing trace thallium ions in water

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