CN104221108A - A dye-sensitized solar cell including a porous insulation substrate and a method for producing the porous insulation substrate - Google Patents

A dye-sensitized solar cell including a porous insulation substrate and a method for producing the porous insulation substrate Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104221108A
CN104221108A CN201380017889.8A CN201380017889A CN104221108A CN 104221108 A CN104221108 A CN 104221108A CN 201380017889 A CN201380017889 A CN 201380017889A CN 104221108 A CN104221108 A CN 104221108A
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China
Prior art keywords
layer
microfibre
base material
weaving
porous insulation
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Granted
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CN201380017889.8A
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CN104221108B (en
Inventor
亨里克·林德斯特伦
乔瓦尼·菲利
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British Operating Systems Inc
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EXEGER SWEDEN AB
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Priority claimed from SE1230033A external-priority patent/SE537669C2/en
Application filed by EXEGER SWEDEN AB filed Critical EXEGER SWEDEN AB
Priority to CN201710068087.XA priority Critical patent/CN106847515A/en
Priority to CN201510083212.5A priority patent/CN104637693B/en
Publication of CN104221108A publication Critical patent/CN104221108A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2068—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
    • B05D7/544—No clear coat specified the first layer is let to dry at least partially before applying the second layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
    • H01G9/0032—Processes of manufacture formation of the dielectric layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2068—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells
    • H01G9/2081—Serial interconnection of cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2095—Light-sensitive devices comprising a flexible sustrate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/60—Forming conductive regions or layers, e.g. electrodes
    • H10K71/611—Forming conductive regions or layers, e.g. electrodes using printing deposition, e.g. ink jet printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B32B2457/12—Photovoltaic modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
    • H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell including a working electrode (1), a first conducting layer(3) for extracting photo-generated electrons from the working electrode, a porous insulation substrate (4) made of a microfibers, wherein the first conducting layer is a porous conducting layer formed on one side of the porous insulation substrate, a counter electrode including a second conducting layer (2) arranged on the opposite side of the porous substrate, and electrolyte for transferring electrons from the counter electrode to the working electrode. The porous insulation substrate comprises a layer (5) of woven microfibers and a layer (6) of non-woven microfibers disposed on the layer of woven. The present invention also relates to a method for producing a dye-sensitized solar cell.

Description

Comprise the dye-sensitized solar cell of composite base material
Technical field
The present invention relates to dye-sensitized solar cell, it comprises the porous insulation base material be made up of microfibre, have be formed at porous insulation base material side on the first conductive layer, and be arranged on the second conductive layer on the opposite side of porous substrate.The invention further relates to the porous insulation base material for dye-sensitized solar cell.The invention still further relates to the method for producing porous insulation base material and conductive layer.
Background technology
Dye-sensitized solar cell (dye-sensitized solar cell, DSC) is developing in 20 years in the past always and is carrying out work to be similar to photosynthetic principle.Be different from silicon solar cell, these batteries use that can cheaply manufacture, environmental sound (environmentally unobtrusive) and abundant dyestuff obtains energy from daylight.
Traditional sandwich type (sandwich type) dye-sensitized solar cell has the thick porous TiO of several μm of being deposited on transparent conductive substrate 2electrode layer.TiO 2electrode comprises by making dye molecule be adsorbed to TiO 2dye in the surface of particle and form the interconnective TiO of work electrode 2metal oxide particle.Transparent conductive base is generally deposition transparent conductive oxide on the glass substrate.Transparent conductive oxide layer is used as the function of the back contacts (back contact) extracting light induced electron from work electrode.TiO 2electrode and electrolyte and other transparent conductive substrate are namely to electrode contact.
Daylight is collected by dyestuff, produces and injects TiO 2the photo-excited electron also collected by conductive base further in the conduction band (conduction band) of particle.Meanwhile, the dyestuff of the I-ion reduction oxidation in redox electrolytes liquid, and the electron acceptor kind of generation is delivered to electrode.Two conductive bases resist surrounding atmosphere at edge seal to protect DSC assembly, and prevent evaporation or the leakage of DSC component in battery.
WO2011/096154 discloses a kind of sandwich type DSC assembly, this DSC assembly comprises porous insulation base material, comprise the porous conductive metal layer the work electrode setting up back contacts that are formed at porous insulation base material top, comprise the porous semiconductor layer of the absorbing dye being arranged on porous conductive metal layer top, and towards porous semiconductor layer, be applicable to towards the sun and daylight transferred to the transparent base of porous semiconductor layer.Described DSC assembly comprises further containing to be arranged on the side relative with the porous semiconductor layer of porous insulation base material and to have the conductive base of certain distance with porous dielectric layer, thus forms space between porous dielectric layer and conductive base.Electrolyte is filled in work electrode and in the space between electrode.Porous conductive metal layer can use the paste wrapping metallic or metal system particle, is passed through to print the top being applied in porous insulation base material, and then heating, drying and baking generate.The advantage of such DSC assembly is that the conductive layer of work electrode is arranged between porous insulation base material and porous semiconductor layer.Therefore, the conductive layer of working battery is not necessary for transparent, and can be made up of the material of high conductivity, and this increases the current handling capability (current-handling capability) of DSC assembly and guarantees the high efficiency of DSC assembly.
High request is had to porous insulation base material.Desirable porous insulation base material must meet following requirement:
Base material must have enough mechanical strengths with withstanding mechanical treatment and processing.Between DSC processing period, base material carries out mechanical treatment such as: cutting action, heap superimposition and removes stacking operation, printing process, drying process, air/vacuum-sintering operation, sealing process etc.During treatment and processing, the base material with poor mechanical strength can be damaged, and causes defective solar cell, and this reduces manufacture productive rate.
Base material must have enough heat-resisting quantities and the loss of low mechanical deformation after demonstrating high-temperature process and/or mechanical stability is little.Between processing period, base material bear 500 DEG C in atmosphere temperature and in vacuum or inert atmosphere the temperature of 580 DEG C-650 DEG C.Base material must tolerate the temperature that reaches 500 DEG C in atmosphere and without significant mechanical deformation or mechanical stability loss.Base material must tolerate and in vacuum or inert atmosphere, at least reaches the temperature of more than 580 DEG C and lose without significant mechanical deformation or mechanical stability.
Base material must to high temperature process chemical inertness.During various high-temperature process, base material is exposed to, such as, in hot-air, the hot-air comprising organic solvent, the hot-air comprising organic combustion product and hydrogen.Base material must to all these high-temperature process chemical inertnesses and can not chemical reaction produce can be harmful to DSC compound.
Base material must the resistance to chemicals be exposed in DSC.DSC comprises active material as organic solvent, organic dyestuff, and ion is as I -and I 3-deng.In order to have good DSC stability and life-span, base material must not react with the active material of DSC, and can not change the chemical composition of DSC or produce the compound that can be harmful to DSC.
Base material must consider ion quick conveying in-between the electrodes.In order to have the fast ionic conveying between electrode, base material must have sufficiently high porosity (pore fraction) and low flexibility.
Base material is necessary for electric insulation.This is to prevent the electrical short between electrode and current-collector.
On the impact of the distance between electrode and work electrode by base material thickness.Should be little fast as much as possible to make the conveying of the ion between electrode and work electrode as much as possible to the distance between electrode and work electrode.Therefore, the thickness of base material should be thin as much as possible.
Base material must have enough capacity and ooze out through base material to stop the conductive particle in printer's ink.Electrical short between the conductive layer on the both sides being printed on base material, base material must be able to stop printing conductive particle on one side of the substrate to ooze out into the opposite side of base material through it.
In a word, porous insulation base material must allow ion to pass base material and prevent particle from passing base material, and must have enough mechanical properties.
Propose in WO2011/096154 to use molding fiber Glass body (molded fiber glass compact) as porous insulation base material.Molding fiber Glass body can be the woven glass fabric comprising glass fibre, or with the non-woven fiberglass of the form of the sheet with glass fibre, they is connected in an appropriate manner.
By the glass system base material using high temperature compatible, most of above-mentioned requirements can be met.But if base material is made up of non-woven micro-glass fibre, base material must obtain very thin with the mechanical treatment during the manufacture tolerating solar cell and processing.This is because non-woven glass microfibre has the fact of the mechanical performance of non-constant, and therefore, in order to increase their mechanical stability, the base material based on non-woven glass microfibre with very high thickness must be produced.The base material with high thickness causes the large distance between electrode and work electrode, and therefore, causes to the conveying of the ion between electrode and work electrode slowly.
Weaving glass fiber, i.e. glass fabric, what comprise glass microfiber weaves yarn, and wherein each glass fiber yarn is made up of many glass microfibers.Compared with non-woven fiberglass, weaving glass fiber inherently mechanicalness is stronger.In addition, the thickness of weaving fiber can be obtained very thin when maintaining mechanical strength.But weaving fiber often has large hole weaving between yarn, this cause particles a large amount of in printer's ink with uncontrolled mode directly through base material cross weaving fiber whole region, cause the electrical short electrode and current-collector.Therefore, the hole in fabric make to be difficult to by comprise metal or the ink of metal system particle be applied in the both sides of porous insulation base material and do not cause electrical short, except non-particulate more much larger than hole.But, there is so large particle in ink and make conductive metal layer too thick.Increase to the distance between electrode and work electrode, causes the ion conveying between electrode and work electrode slower by thick conductive metal layer.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the dye-sensitized solar cell with the porous insulation base material meeting above-mentioned requirements.
This object dye-sensitized solar cell limited by claim 1 realizes.
Dye-sensitized solar cell comprises work electrode; For extracting the first conductive layer of light induced electron from work electrode; The porous insulation base material be made up of microfibre, wherein the first conductive layer is be formed at the porous conductive layer on the side of porous insulation base material; Comprise the second conductive layer be arranged on the opposite side of porous substrate to electrode; With for by electronics from electrolyte electrode being transferred to work electrode.The feature of solar cell is, porous insulation base material comprises the layer weaving the nonwoven microfibers on the layer of microfibre of the layer weaving microfibre and the first side being configured in base material.
Microfibre is have to be less than 10 μm and the fiber being greater than the diameter of 1nm.
We have found that, weaved the performance of microfibre and nonwoven microfibers by combination, all above-mentioned requirements of porous insulation base material of can realizing ideal.It is very strong that Woven fabric can obtain very thin and mechanicalness, but it comprises large hole weaving between yarn.On the other hand, nonwoven microfibers mechanicalness is poor, but the conductive particle had in excellent prevention printer's ink passes the strainability that porous insulation base material oozes out.By by the veneer of nonwoven microfibers at the top of layer of weaving microfibre, particle in ink can be prevented directly through weaving fiber, and all above-mentioned requirements can be realized.The crisp fritter layer both mechanical stability of nonwoven microfibers is made by the supporting course weaving microfibre.
According to embodiment of the present invention, the first conductive layer is configured on the layer of nonwoven microfibers.Non-woven layer provides smooth surface on base material, is suitable for smooth conducting layer to be applied on base material by printing.
According to embodiment of the present invention, the layer weaving microfibre comprises the yarn weaving the hole formed between yarn had single, and nonwoven microfibers is accumulated in hole between the yarns at least partially.Therefore, the position in thickness dependence hole in the weaving layer of microfibre of the layer of nonwoven microfibers and changing, to make the layer of nonwoven microfibers thicker in the hole of layer of weaving microfibre, and thinner at the top of yarn of the layer weaving microfibre.The layer of nonwoven microfibers is projected in the hole between yarn.The present embodiment reduces the thickness of the layer of nonwoven microfibers and can provide thin base material.Thus, the distance between electrode and work electrode is diminished and the ion conveying between electrode and work is accelerated.Arrange the layer of homogeneous thick nonwoven microfibers with the top at weaving fiber sheet, such as compare at the stacked on top non woven fibre sheet of weaving fiber sheet, the thickness of base material becomes remarkable reduction.
According to embodiment of the present invention, porous insulation base material is included in the second layer weaving the nonwoven microfibers that the layer of microfibre is arranged of the second side of base material.By the second layer of nonwoven microfibers being arranged on the opposite side of the layer weaving microfibre, symmetrical and mechanically more stable base material can being realized, and manufacturing the Heat Treatment during solar cell, prevent base material curling.In addition, the conductive particle that the second layer of nonwoven microfibers improves in prevention ink further directly passes weaving fiber.The present embodiment provides smooth surfaces in base material both sides, therefore by printing, smooth conducting layer can be applied in the both sides of base material.Preferably, the second conductive layer is configured at the second side of base material on the second layer of nonwoven microfibers.
According to embodiment of the present invention, the layer weaving microfibre is made up of the yarn (being hereinafter expressed as monofilament) of weaving comprising many microfibres, and the diameter of microfibre in the layer of nonwoven microfibers is less than the diameter of the monofilament weaved in the layer of microfibre.The present embodiment can make to accumulate in fiber hole between the yarns, therefore blocks hole.
According to embodiment of the present invention, the layer weaving microfibre is made up of the such as ceramic microfibre such as glass fabric.Pottery microfibre mechanicalness is very strong and can obtain very thin and still enough strong.Pottery microfibre also ability by the heat treated high temperature for solar cell during manufacturing process.Pottery microfibre is by such as glass, silicon dioxide (SiO 2), aluminium oxide (Al 2o 3), the fiber made of the refractory such as alumino-silicate and quartz and inert material.
According to embodiment of the present invention, the layer of nonwoven microfibers is made up of the such as ceramic microfibre such as non-woven glass microfibre.Pottery microfibre ability is by the heat treated high temperature for solar cell during manufacturing process.
According to embodiment of the present invention, weave the thickness of the layer of microfibre between 4 μm and 30 μm, preferably between 4 μm and 20 μm, and more preferably between 4 μm and 10 μm.This layer provides required mechanical strength, and its enough thin ion that can make is being carried fast between electrode and work electrode simultaneously.
According to embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the microfibre in the layer of nonwoven microfibers is less than 4 μm, is preferably less than 1 μm, and is more preferably less than 0.5 μm.The use of very thin fiber reduces the thickness of the layer of nonwoven microfibers, therefore reduces the thickness of base material.Further, thin fiber effectively blocks the hole of weaving in the layer of microfibre and prevents conductive particle from passing base material and oozes out, therefore prevent the formation of electrical short.
Further object of the present invention is to provide the porous insulation base material meeting above-mentioned requirements.This object is realized by porous insulation base material.Porous insulation base material comprises the layer weaving microfibre and the layer being configured in the nonwoven microfibers weaved on the layer of microfibre.Preferably, the layer weaving microfibre is made up of ceramic microfibre.The above-mentioned further feature relating to the porous insulation base material of solar cell is also applicable to porous insulation base material itself.
According to embodiment of the present invention, weave the layer of microfibre and the layer of nonwoven microfibers and be made up of the such as ceramic microfibre such as glass microfiber.Pottery microfibre mechanicalness is very strong and can obtain very thin and still enough strong.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the layer of nonwoven microfibers comprises organic microfiber.Organic microfiber is the fiber be made up of organic material, and described organic material is as polymer such as polycaprolactone, PET or PEO, and celluloses is as nano-cellulose (MFC) or wood pulp.Organic microfiber can be used on the layer of nonwoven microfibers.For heat treated high temperature during organic microfiber can not tolerate and manufacture dye-sensitized solar cell.But organic microfiber can be used as and stops the conductive particle in ink directly to ooze out through weaving fiber during printing and the object of ink on dry porous insulation base material, thus reduces the risk of electrical short.Then during heating treatment at higher temperatures organic microfiber is removed.Organic fiber is more pliable and tougher and crisp unlike ceramic fibre.Therefore, by being added with organic fiber, the mechanical strength of base material increases, and it is such as favourable during printing and drying process.
According to further embodiment of the present invention, the layer of nonwoven microfibers comprises organic microfiber and ceramic microfibre.The layer of nonwoven microfibers is made up of organic microfiber and ceramic microfibre.The advantage mixing organic microfiber and ceramic microfibre in the layer of nonwoven microfibers is, organic microfiber is thinner than ceramic microfibre, thus in the micronetwork of ceramic fibre, generate the nanometer network of organic fiber, and reduce the size in the hole in micronetwork by it.Organic fiber fills up the hole between microfibre, thus improves the ability of the particle stoped in ink, therefore avoids short circuit.Further, by mixing organic microfiber and ceramic microfibre in the layer of nonwoven microfibers, and only having compared with ceramic microfibre in the substrate, improving the mechanical strength of base material.
Another object of the present invention is to provide to produce and meets the porous insulation base material of above-mentioned requirements and be formed at the method for the porous conductive layer on insulating substrate.
The method that this object is defined by claim 11 realizes.
Described method comprises:
A) by providing the fabric weaving microfibre comprising the yarn with the hole be formed between them, fiber mother liquor (fiberstock solution) is prepared by mixing material and microfibre, with the first side of fiber mother liquor covering fabric, liquid from fiber mother liquor is flowed out by the hole in fabric, and drying has the wet fabric of the microfibre be configured on fabric, produce porous insulation base material, and
B) ink comprising conductive particle is deposited on the side of insulating substrate to form porous conductive layer.
Discharged by the hole in fabric by liquid from fiber mother liquor, liquid followed by microfibre and in most of nonwoven microfibers accumulation hole between the yarns, therefore, the size in the hole between yarn reduces.This method can manufacture enough tight to prevent in ink conductive particle through base material and enough thin to allow ion at the insulating substrate to the quick conveying electrode and work electrode.The layer of the non woven fibre at the top of the layer of weaving fiber provides smooth surface with printing.
According to embodiment of the present invention, fabric is made by weaving ceramic microfibre, and described fiber mother liquor is prepared by mixing material and ceramic microfibre.
According to embodiment of the present invention, fiber mother liquor is prepared by mixing material and organic microfiber.
According to embodiment of the present invention, fiber mother liquor is prepared by mixing material, ceramic microfibre and organic microfiber.
Top ink being deposited on the microfibre of configuration forms porous conductive layer with the first side at porous insulation base material.According to embodiment of the present invention, step a) comprises the second side using fiber mother liquor covering fabric further, and the liquid from fiber mother liquor is discharged by the hole in fabric, and step b) comprise further: the second side ink being deposited on the fabric at the top of the microfibre of configuration, to form porous conductive layer on the second side of porous insulation base material.The present embodiment provides smooth surface in the both sides of base material, therefore smooth conducting layer can be applied on the both sides of base material by printing.
According to embodiment of the present invention, step a) comprises further adhesive is added into fiber mother liquor.Adhesive is added in fiber mother liquor and improves non woven fibre bonding each other (binding) and improve the bonding of non woven fibre to fabric.In addition, adhesive can reduce the fiber being added into solution amount to fiber mother liquor is added, to realize the gratifying coverage rate in hole in fabric.The example of adhesive is such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), starch, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and nano-cellulose and so-called fibrillation cellulose (MFC).
According to embodiment of the present invention, method comprises further and comprises surfactant, dispersant, wetting agent, defoamer, retention agent and stream and become more than one the additive of group changing agent by being selected from and be added into fiber mother liquor.By using additive, the thinner and finer and close base material had compared with duck eye can be manufactured.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention is explained more accurately by by the description of different embodiments of the present invention with reference to accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 illustrates the sectional view through the dye-sensitized solar cell assembly according to embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 illustrates the optical microscope photograph of glass fabric.
Fig. 3 illustrates the optical microscope photograph of the glass fabric at both sides 20g glass microfiber mother liquid disposal.
Fig. 4 illustrates the optical microscope photograph of the glass fabric at both sides 80g glass microfiber mother liquid disposal.
Fig. 5 illustrates the sectional view through the porous insulation base material according to embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is explained more accurately by by the description of different embodiments of the present invention with reference to accompanying drawing.Fig. 1 illustrates the sectional view through the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) according to embodiment of the present invention.DSC disclosed in Fig. 1 is monolithic type (monolithic type).DSC comprises work electrode 1 and to electrode 2.Work electrode and to the space between electrode be filled with comprise for by electronics from the electrolyte of ion electrode being transferred to work electrode.DSC assembly comprises the conductive layer 3 for extracting light induced electron from work electrode 1.Conductive layer 3 is used as back contacts, and hereinafter referred to as back contact.Work electrode 1 comprises the porous TiO be configured on back contact 3 2electrode layer.TiO 2electrode comprises by adsorpting dye molecule to TiO 2the surface of particle and the TiO dyeed 2particle.Work electrode is made to be positioned at the top side of DSC assembly.Top side should in the face of the sun is with the dye molecule allowing daylight to hit work electrode.
DSC assembly comprises further and is arranged on work electrode 1 and to the porous insulation base material 4 between electrode 2.The porous performance of porous insulation base material makes ion be conducted through base material.Such as, porous insulation base material 4 is made up of the such as ceramic microfibre such as glass microfiber.The base material be made up of ceramic microfibre is electrical insulator, but is porous, thus allows liquid and electrolyte ion to infiltrate.Pottery microfibre is cheap, chemical inertness, resistant against high temperatures and in various process process simple.
Porous insulation base material 4 comprises the layer 5 weaving microfibre and the ground floor 6 being configured in the nonwoven microfibers weaved on the layer 5 of microfibre in the first side of base material.This can provide thin and strong base material.Back contact 3 is for being configured on the first side of base material, on the layer 6 of nonwoven microfibers porous conductive layer.In embodiment disclosed in Fig. 1, the second side that base material is included in base material is further configured in the second layer 7 of the nonwoven microfibers in woven fibrous layers 5.By arranging the layer of nonwoven microfibers in the both sides of the layer weaving microfibre, realize symmetrical base material.This can prevent the Heat Treatment base material during manufacture solar cell curling, and contributes in addition preventing the particle in printer's ink through the layer weaving microfibre.Porous insulation base material 4 will be described in more detail below with reference to Fig. 5.
Conductive layer 2 is comprised to electrode, hereinafter referred to electrode layer.In the present embodiment, conductive layer 2 is for being configured on the second side of porous insulation base material 4, on the top of the second layer 7 of nonwoven microfibers porous conductive layer.When porous conductive layer is used as electrode, it is a part to electrode relative with work electrode.Back contact 3 and to electrode layer 2 by porous insulation base material 4 physics separately and electricity separately.But, back contact and electrode layer is electrically connected via the ion infiltrating porous insulation base material.Porous conductive layer 2,3 can use the ink of the metallic or metal system particle of bag, ink is applied in the top of porous dielectric layer 4 by printing, then heats, dry and baking generates.Particle generally between 0.1-10 μm, preferably between 0.5-2 μm.
DSC also comprises second 9 of the first 8 of the top side covering DSC assembly and the bottom side of covering DSC assembly, and is used as baffle plate to protect DSC assembly opposing surrounding atmosphere, and prevents evaporation or the leakage of DSC component in battery.Cover work electrode at the first 8 of the top side of DSC assembly and need for transparent to allow light transmission.
Porous substrate gets over Bao Yuehao, because at work electrode and the least disadvantage of diffusion resistance (diffusion resistance) small distance between electrode being provided to electrolyte.But if base material is too thin, the mechanical strength of base material will be too low.Preferably, the thickness of porous insulation base material is greater than 4 μm and is less than 100 μm.More preferably, the thickness of porous insulation base material is for being less than 50 μm.The thickness of porous insulation base material is generally between 10-30 μm.
Hereinafter the example according to porous insulation base material of the present invention will be described in more detail.Porous insulation base material is based on the layer by the thread glass fabric of the woven yarns comprising many glass fibres.Weaving fiber is stronger than non woven fibre.In addition, the layer of weaving fiber can be thin when maintaining mechanical strength.
Fig. 2 illustrates the optical microscope photograph of the thin glass fabric (Asahi Kasei E-material) of 15 μm.As shown in the figure, what glass fabric comprised glass fibre weaves yarn 10a-b.Each yarn comprises many glass fibres, also referred to as monofilament (filaments).The diameter of monofilament is generally 4-5 μm, and in yarn, the quantity of monofilament is generally 50.Glass fabric has is weaving the large hole 14 between yarn, and a large amount of conductive particles allowed in printer's ink are directly passed weaving fiber in uncontrolled mode by described hole 14.This is less desirable effect.The size in hole can be as big as 200 μm.In order to block the hole in fabric, non-woven fiberglass is configured in the top of fabric.This comprises the liquid part in the solution of glass fibre, then removing solution come by being immersed in by fabric.
Fig. 3 illustrates the optical microscope photograph of the glass fabric shown in Fig. 2 processed at the 20 grams of glass microfiber mother liquors in both sides (being equivalent to the glass fibre in 0.04 milligram, each every square centimeter, side deposition).As shown in the figure, the non-woven fiberglass that yarn is configured of weaving in glass fabric covers.Also can see from Fig. 3, the size in the hole in fabric reduces.But, do not reach all standing in hole in glass fabric.
Fig. 4 illustrates the optical microscope photograph of the glass fabric shown in Fig. 2 processed at the 80 grams of glass microfiber mother liquors in both sides (being equivalent to the glass fibre in 0.16 milligram, each every square centimeter, side deposition).As shown in Figure 4, present hole is covered by glass microfiber.Significantly, the amount by increasing glass microfiber can realize all standing in hole in glass fabric.Therefore, by non-woven fiberglass being deposited on the top of weaving glass fiber, can prevent the particle in printer's ink from directly passing weaving fiber.
If by adhesive such as, if, inorganic bond is as silicate, colloidal silica particles, silane (such as linear silane, side chain silane or cyclosilane) and colloid Al 2o 3, be added into and comprise in the fiber mother liquor of glass fibre, non-woven fiberglass can adhere to weaving fiber more strongly.In addition, therefore will be stronger by the non-woven layer mechanicalness formed deposited.Subsequently, by adhesive is added into fiber mother liquor, the non-woven layer that the mechanicalness that is bonded to by force weaving glass fiber is strong can be formed.
embodiment 1
Hereinafter use description to the embodiment of the method for the porous substrate shown in production drawing 4.Be placed on having the thin glass fabric (Asahi Kasei E-material) that filament diameter is as shown in Figure 2 15 μm of 50 monofilament of 4 μm the top that pattern copies the stainless steel cloth (33cm × 33cm) got in device (hand sheet former), and then top mother liquor cylinder (stock cylinder) being placed on glass fabric is closed and fixes.By 4000 grams of distilled water, 8 grams of glass microfibers (Johns Manville, specific purpose type glass fibre model 90, fibre diameter: 0.2 μm) and 400 grams of water system cataloids (are comprised the SiO of about 15 quality % in water 2solution) mixing to make final silica concentration be that 1.4 quality % are to prepare glass microfiber mother liquor.Ultraturrax batch dispersion machine is used to mix.Pattern is copied the mother liquor cylinder getting device and is filled with distilled water (comprising 1.4 quality % silicon dioxide) to reach the level of the surperficial 350mm higher than silk screen.In following step, 80 grams of glass microfiber mother liquors are poured into pattern and copy and get in device.By compressed air, glass fibre mother liquor and the silica containing distilled water of bag mixed 4 seconds, then leave standstill 6 seconds, afterwards water is discharged by glass fabric and silk screen.By the glass fabric of wet process at 110 DEG C in atmosphere at belt oven inner drying.Use subsequently and process identical working procedure parameter at opposite side process glass fabric with first.The base material obtained is shown in Figure 4.As shown in Figure 4, the non-woven glass microfibre that yarn is configured completely of weaving in glass fabric covers.The thickness with the glass fabric of the non-woven glass microfibre of configuration is approximately 30 μm.This means that the gross thickness of two-layer nonwoven microfibers is about 15 μm.By using thinner glass fabric, the thickness of insulating substrate can be reduced further.
embodiment 2
Being deformed into by 4000 grams of distilled water, 200 grams of nano-cellulose dispersion liquids (comprising the water system nano-cellulose dispersion liquid of the nano-cellulose of 2 % by weight) and 400 grams of water system cataloids (are comprised the SiO of 15 quality % in water of embodiment 1 2solution) mixing prepare microfibre mother liquor.Therefore, in microfibre mother liquor, glass-ceramic microfibre is replaced by the organic microfiber be made up of nano-cellulose.Use nano-cellulose to simplify manufacturing process, use papermaking operation because dipping can be used to be replaced.
embodiment 3
Another of embodiment 1 is deformed into by by 4000 grams of distilled water, 2 grams of glass microfiber (Johns Manville, specific purpose type glass fibre model 90, fibre diameter: 0.2 μm), 200 grams of nano-cellulose dispersion liquids (comprising the water system nano-cellulose dispersion liquid of the nano-cellulose of 2 % by weight) and 400 grams of water system cataloids (comprise the SiO of 15 % by weight in water 2solution) mixing prepare microfibre mother liquor.Therefore, the organic microfiber be made up of nano-cellulose and the ceramic microfibre that is made up of glass are used for microfibre mother liquor.After dry porous insulation base material, the ink with conductive particle is deposited at least side of the base material at the top of the layer of nonwoven microfibers, to form porous conductive layer on porous insulation base material.If manufacture monolithic DSC assembly, ink is deposited on the both sides of the base material at the top of the layer of nonwoven microfibers, to form porous conductive layer on each side of porous insulation base material.But, if manufacture sandwich type DSC assembly, the ink with conductive particle is only deposited on one side of the substrate.
Suitably disperse in order to ensure the fiber in microfibre mother liquor, it is favourable for being added in distilled water by additive before mixing water and microfibre.The example of the additive be applicable to is that surfactant, dispersant, wetting agent, retention agent, defoamer and stream become change agent.These additives adding more than one are favourable.During the following step of the manufacturing process of solar cell, additive burns, and therefore can not remain in the final product.The object of additive realizes the single and fiber of non-agglomerated, can deposit as far as possible equably to provide thin and the layer of simultaneously fine and close single fiber to make single fiber.Therefore, by using additive, the thinner and finer and close base material with less hole can be manufactured.
By surfactant being added in fiber mother liquor and dilution water, can complete more smoothly and more uniform microfibre deposition.In addition, it is favourable for wetting agent being added into fiber mother liquor, to make the moistening fiber of dilution water and fabric.And, by water-soluble polymer being added in fiber mother liquor and dilution water, can obtain more smoothly and more uniform microfibre deposition.But, find, when a polymer is added, need to add defoamer to avoid filling and stirring at dilution water and foaming excessive during discharge cycle.Adding stream change change additive is also favourable to change the viscosity of fiber mother liquor and dilution water.
Also adhesive can be added into improve non woven fibre bonding each other in fiber mother liquor and dilution water, and improve the bonding of non woven fibre to fabric.Spendable adhesive is that such as inorganic bond is as silicate, and colloidal silica particles, silane is linear silane, side chain silane or cyclosilane such as, and colloid Al 2o 3.
Also retention agent can be added in fiber mother liquor and dilution water with the reservation that the fiber improved in porous insulation base material is formed along with it.Nano-cellulose can be used as retention agent.
Fig. 5 illustrates the sectional view through the porous insulation base material 4 manufactured according to the method described in above-described embodiment.Base material has and comprises weaving yarn 10 and being formed at the layer 5 weaving microfibre in the hole 14 between yarn 10 containing multifilament 11.Weave yarn 10 to be preferably made up of ceramic microfibre.Base material also comprises two-layer 6,7 of the nonwoven microfibers on each side being arranged on the layer 5 weaving microfibre.The layer 6,7 of nonwoven microfibers can be made up of ceramic microfibre, organic microfiber or its combination.As shown in the drawing, the major part of nonwoven microfibers is accumulated in the hole 14 between yarn 10.This is the result of the fact of being discharged by the hole that formed in fabric from the liquid of fiber mother liquor.This causes the position in thickness dependence hole 14 in the weaving layer of microfibre of the non-woven layer 6,7 of microfibre and changes, and makes non-woven layer thicker in the hole 14 of weaving layer, and thinner at the top of the yarn 17 of weaving layer.In the face of being level and smooth away from the side of the non-woven layer 6,7 of weaving layer 5, but oppositely in the face of the opposite side of the non-woven layer of weaving layer is uneven, and there is the thick portion 16 projected in the hole 14 of weaving layer, and be configured in the thin section 17 at top of yarn 10.The present invention can be used for monolithic type and sandwich type DSC.
Nonwoven microfibers should be preferably thin than the monofilament weaved in the layer of microfibre.Therefore, if the diameter of monofilament is about 4 μm, the fiber in the layer of nonwoven microfibers should have and is less than 4 μm, is preferably less than 1 μm and is more preferably less than the diameter of 0.5 μm, to block hole in an efficient way.The length of non woven fibre is, such as 100nm-3mm.Such as, the diameter of nano-cellulose fiber is generally 5-10nm and the length of fiber is generally several μm.But, also there is the nano-cellulose fiber with the diameter of 10-20nm and the length of a few mm.
The present invention is not limited to disclosed embodiment, and can change within the scope of the following claims and revise.Such as, microfibre mother liquor can comprise the microfibre of different materials and diameter.Although above-described embodiment uses glass microfiber, and the present invention is not limited to glass microfiber.The ceramic microfibre of other type with similar quality can be used.Further, the microfibre in non-woven layer can be made up of the ceramic material different from the microfibre in weaving layer.Further, the microfibre of non-woven layer can be made up of the such as organic microfiber such as cellulose or polymer.
In the embodiment replaced, base material can comprise the layer of nonwoven microfibers laminated together and weave the layer of microfibre.
In the embodiment replaced, base material only has the layer of one deck nonwoven microfibers on the side being arranged on the layer weaving microfibre.Although it is favourable for having non-woven layer in the both sides of weaving layer, optional.Can by the both sides of conductive layer deposition at base material, although only side weaving layer is provided with the layer of nonwoven microfibers.Conductive layer can be printed on non-woven layer and weaving layer.The base material with the non-woven layer be deposited on weaving layer both sides can be coated with conductive layer on side and both sides.
In the embodiment replaced, porous insulation base material only has the layer that one deck is arranged on the nonwoven microfibers on the side of the layer weaving microfibre, and by conductive layer deposition on the opposite side weaving microfibre, that is, conductive layer deposition is not deposited on nonwoven microfibers weaving on microfibre.
Porous insulation base material is the porous of other purposes that can be used for except dye-sensitized solar cell, chemical inertness, high temperature resistant, and the material of electric insulation.Base material can be used for the application of filtration/filter, for removing such as, dust, organic or inorganic or biological microparticle, flour, husky, cigarette, bacterium and pollen.
Base material also can be used as slider, and material is separated as the negative electrode in the electrochemistry such as fuel cell, storage battery, electrochemical sensor, electrochromic display and Photoelectrochemistry or Photoelectrochemicaldevice device and anode.

Claims (24)

1. a dye-sensitized solar cell, it comprises:
-work electrode (1),
-for extracting first conductive layer (3) of light induced electron from described work electrode,
-porous insulation the base material (4) be made up of microfibre, wherein said first conductive layer is be formed in the porous conductive layer on the side of described porous insulation base material,
-comprise the second conductive layer (2) on the opposite side being arranged on described porous insulation base material to electrode, and
-for by electronics from described electrolyte electrode being transferred to described work electrode,
The feature of described dye-sensitized solar cell is, described porous insulation base material comprises the layer (6) weaving the nonwoven microfibers on the layer of microfibre described on the layer (5) weaving microfibre and the first side being configured in described base material.
2. dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1, the wherein said layer (5) weaving microfibre comprises threads (10) and is formed at the hole (14) between them, and described nonwoven microfibers is accumulated in the hole between described yarn at least partially.
3. dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 and 2, the thickness of the layer (6) of wherein said nonwoven microfibers is weaved the position in the layer (5) of microfibre according to described hole (14) described and change, with make the layer of described nonwoven microfibers described weave in the hole of the layer of microfibre thicker, and thinner at described top (17) of weaving the yarn of the layer of microfibre.
4. the dye-sensitized solar cell according to aforementioned any one of claim, wherein said first conductive layer (3) is configured on the layer of described nonwoven microfibers.
5. the dye-sensitized solar cell according to aforementioned any one of claim, wherein said porous insulation base material (4) comprise be configured in base material the second side at the second layer (7) of the described nonwoven microfibers weaved on the layer (5) of microfibre, and described second conductive layer (2) is configured on the second layer of described nonwoven microfibers.
6. the dye-sensitized solar cell according to aforementioned any one of claim, the wherein said layer (5) weaving microfibre is made up of the yarn (10) of weaving comprising multifilament (11), and the diameter of fiber in the layer of described nonwoven microfibers (6,7) be less than described in weave the diameter of the monofilament in the layer of microfibre.
7. the dye-sensitized solar cell according to aforementioned any one of claim, the wherein said layer (5) weaving microfibre is made up of glass fabric, and the fiber in the layer of described nonwoven microfibers is made up of glass.
8. the dye-sensitized solar cell according to aforementioned any one of claim, the wherein said thickness weaving the layer (5) of microfibre between 4 μm and 30 μm, preferably between 4 μm and 20 μm, and more preferably between 4 μm and 10 μm.
9. the dye-sensitized solar cell according to aforementioned any one of claim, the diameter of the described microfibre in the layer (6,7) of wherein said nonwoven microfibers is less than 4 μm, is preferably less than 1 μm, and is more preferably less than 0.5 μm.
10. the dye-sensitized solar cell according to aforementioned any one of claim, the layer of the wherein said layer and described nonwoven microfibers of weaving microfibre is made up of ceramic microfibre.
11. 1 kinds of porous insulation base materials be made up of microfibre, is characterized in that, described porous insulation base material comprises the layer (5) of weaving microfibre and weaves the layer (6) of the nonwoven microfibers on the layer of microfibre described in being configured in.
12. porous insulation base materials according to claim 11, wherein said microfibre of weaving is made up of ceramic microfibre.
13. porous insulation base materials according to claim 11 or 12, wherein said nonwoven microfibers is made up of organic microfiber.
14. porous insulation base materials according to any one of claim 11-13, the layer of wherein said nonwoven microfibers comprises organic microfiber and ceramic microfibre.
15. 1 kinds for the production of porous insulation base material and the method being formed at the porous conductive layer on described porous insulation base material, wherein said method comprises the following steps:
A) by providing the fabric weaving microfibre comprising threads and be formed at the hole between them, fiber mother liquor is prepared by mixing material and microfibre, the first side of described fabric is covered with described fiber mother liquor, liquid from described fiber mother liquor is flowed out by the hole in described fabric, and drying has the wet fabric of configuration described microfibre on the fabric to produce described porous insulation base material, and
B the ink comprising conductive particle is deposited on the side of described insulating substrate to form porous conductive layer by ().
16. methods according to claim 15, the wherein said yarn weaving the fabric of microfibre comprises multifilament, and the monofilament weaved in the layer of microfibre described in microfibre ratio in described fiber mother liquor is thin.
17. methods according to any one of claim 15 or 16, the diameter of the microfibre in wherein said fiber mother liquor is less than 4 μm, is preferably less than 1 μm, and is more preferably less than 0.5 μm.
18. according to claim 15 to the method described in 17 any one, and wherein said fabric is made by weaving ceramic microfibre, and described fiber mother liquor is prepared by mixing material and ceramic microfibre.
19. according to claim 15 to the method described in 18 any one, and wherein said fiber mother liquor is prepared by mixing material and organic microfiber.
20. according to claim 15 to the method described in 19 any one, and wherein said fiber mother liquor is prepared by mixing material, ceramic microfibre and organic microfiber.
21. according to claim 15 to the method described in 20 any one, the wherein said thickness weaving the fabric of microfibre between 4 μm and 30 μm, preferably between 4 μm and 20 μm, and more preferably between 4 μm and 10 μm.
22. according to claim 15 to the method described in 21 any one, wherein described ink is deposited on the top of the microfibre of configuration to form porous conductive layer on the first side of porous insulation base material, and step a) comprises the second side covering described fabric with described fiber mother liquor further, and the liquid from described fiber mother liquor is flowed out by the hole in described fabric, and step b) comprising further: the second side described ink being deposited on described fabric, at the top of the microfibre of configuration, forms porous conductive layer with the second side at described porous insulation base material.
23. according to claim 15 to the method described in 22 any one, and wherein step a) comprises interpolation adhesive further to described fiber mother liquor.
24. according to claim 15 to the method described in 23 any one, and wherein said method comprises further and comprises surfactant, dispersant, wetting agent, defoamer and stream and become more than one the additive of group changing agent by being selected from and be added into described fiber mother liquor.
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