CN104220908A - Configuring optical fibers to emit radiation by bending - Google Patents

Configuring optical fibers to emit radiation by bending Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104220908A
CN104220908A CN201380017555.0A CN201380017555A CN104220908A CN 104220908 A CN104220908 A CN 104220908A CN 201380017555 A CN201380017555 A CN 201380017555A CN 104220908 A CN104220908 A CN 104220908A
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China
Prior art keywords
optical fiber
subregion
bending
covering
appointed area
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CN201380017555.0A
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Inventor
奥里·韦斯伯格
摩西·艾希柯
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Asymmetric Medical Ltd
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Asymmetric Medical Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
    • A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
    • A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
    • A61B2018/2205—Characteristics of fibres
    • A61B2018/2222—Fibre material or composition
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
    • A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
    • A61B2018/2238—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor with means for selectively laterally deflecting the tip of the fibre
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
    • A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
    • A61B2018/2244—Features of optical fibre cables, e.g. claddings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features
    • G02B6/02333—Core having higher refractive index than cladding, e.g. solid core, effective index guiding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
    • G02B6/02357—Property of longitudinal structures or background material varies radially and/or azimuthally in the cladding, e.g. size, spacing, periodicity, shape, refractive index, graded index, quasiperiodic, quasicrystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
    • G02B6/02361—Longitudinal structures forming multiple layers around the core, e.g. arranged in multiple rings with each ring having longitudinal elements at substantially the same radial distance from the core, having rotational symmetry about the fibre axis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
    • G02B6/02366—Single ring of structures, e.g. "air clad"
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/032—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with non solid core or cladding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4296—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements coupling with sources of high radiant energy, e.g. high power lasers, high temperature light sources

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Laser Surgery Devices (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)

Abstract

Optical fibers are provided herein, which comprise a core and a cladding and have at least one region of the cladding that is arranged to emit electromagnetic radiation from the core upon bending the optical fibers beyond a bending threshold. The optical fibers are integrated in devices that either use bended fibers or induce the bending upon contacting a target, to emit the radiation at the target.

Description

By bending, optic fiber configureing is become emitted radiation
Background
1. technical field
The present invention relates to field fiber, and more specifically, relate to the optical fiber be configured to by bending emitted radiation.
2. the discussion of correlation technique
Optical fiber is common method electromagnetic radiation (such as laser) being delivered to target.Optical fiber is with directly or oblique while the tight light beam sent from end face with stretching out transmits radiation by mirror.Optical fiber component generally includes four parts: fibre core, covering, coating and sheath.Fibre core is the directed region of light; When total internal reflection (TIR) optical fiber, it is covered by the covering compared with low-refraction usually.When such as have cellular structure photonic crystal fiber (PCF), there is the comprehensive guide (Omni Guide), bragg fiber etc. of photon band gap mirror, in fact covering comprises the labyrinth (such as disclosed in US7142756, being incorporated to by reference at this with its entirety) of more high-index material.In metal waveguide, fibre core is compared with low-refraction and covering is coating metal, is generally the silver applied by silver iodide.In all these fiber types, under normal condition, light is limited in core region, and extreme bending time, light spills fibre core, and even can spill whole optical fiber.
As everyone knows, when bending, waveguide and optical fiber suffer loss.These losses are caused by the higher incident angle of ray on fibre core/covering (mirror) interface.The main restriction that this normally most of producer avoids as far as possible; See the ClearCurve optical fiber (open in US5278931, it is incorporated to its entirety by reference at this) of such as Corning Incorporated.Another kind method uses outside wiring (as in US4078853, it is incorporated to its entirety by reference at this), with the bending of limit fibre and loss thus.Miscellaneous equipment utilizes the optical power loss (such as open in US4770047, it is incorporated to its entirety by reference at this) in sensor construction based on the loss in bending.
In another example, US5138676 (it is incorporated to its entirety by reference at this) discloses by reducing fibre external diameters (OD) and limiting relative to the environment of low index the sharp turn with low loss that light realizes.Realize OD by the part or pulled down by optical fiber in sweep removing covering to reduce.Other side is open by US5278931, US4078853, US4770047 and US5138676, and it is incorporated to its entirety by reference at this.
Tissue cutting and process is carried out: the operation of scalpel (cold steel technology), electric hand and laser surgey with three kinds of main method.Laser surgey be mainly used in soft tissue excision or in solidifying.In laser surgey, optical fiber is often used to, with least disadvantage on the way, laser energy is sent to required position.
In other medical application situation of great majority of Soft tissue cutting and optical fiber, laser penetrates in the end for the treatment of site from optical fiber.Optical fiber is used to the exact position that safety transfers its energy to spotwise, as in the VersaPulse of Lumenis company.In some cases, the Local Gravity of optical fiber end is directed for improving targeting, such as, disclosed in US7238180, it is incorporated to its entirety by reference at this.
In other cases, optical fiber is handled to allow laser to be transmitted into optical fiber end with 90 ° of angles, term " side burning ", and it to make on the direction required curved fiber end geometrically difficult, more easily uses.The straight angle uses mirror or the side mechanism of burning to realize.When the method for sometimes burning when side is used, need the special processing at optical fiber edge to prevent local damage and to promote that effective end side is burnt, such as, as disclosed in US20070106286, it is incorporated to its entirety by reference at this.In some cases, by making, fiber core is tapered to be realized end side burning, and such as, as disclosed in US20110002584, it is incorporated to its entirety by reference at this.Selectively, realize (such as disclosed in US6606431, it is incorporated to its entirety by reference at this) by using the preferential heated side of exterior laser source to burn the refractive index being increased in side top covering.
Following United States Patent (USP) lectures the equipment for utilizing laser emission to cut.These patents are incorporated to herein with its entirety by reference.US4266547 lectures linear action laser knife between transmitter and receiver; US5151097 teaches a kind of generating laser, and it is unlapped region (itself otherwise covered by light-proof material) emitted radiation in by element; US5470331 teaches a kind of probe system transmitting laser, and it is provided with the probe for relative the transmitted laser of grasping tissue a pair; US6283962 teaches a kind of medical excision equipment and US6221069 teaches the outer probe that has and have hook-shaped form and for the internal probe that contacts outer probe and heating is placed on the equipment of the destination organization between internal probe and outer probe.US patent 5531741 and 6409719 (it is incorporated to its entirety by reference at this) teaches and utilizes optical fiber to illuminate the equipment of scene, and its medium-height trestle is implant.
Short-summary
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of optical fiber comprising fibre core and covering, this optical fiber has at least one appointed area of covering, and this at least one appointed area is arranged to when optical fiber to be bent over the bending threshold value of specifying at this at least one appointed area place from fibre core electromagnetic radiation-emitting.
Of the present invention these, other and/or other aspect and/or advantage: state in the following detailed description; Possible inferrible from this detailed description; And/or can be learnt by practice of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing is sketched
In order to understand embodiment of the present invention better and illustrate how this embodiment can be put into practice, now will be pure in an illustrative manner with reference to accompanying drawing, in the accompanying drawings, label similar from start to finish represents corresponding element or part.
In the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1A is the high-level schematic block diagram of the launch site of optical fiber according to embodiments more of the present invention;
Figure 1B is to the schematic diagram of the dependence of bending radius according to the radiation of being launched by appointed area of embodiments more of the present invention;
Fig. 1 C is to bending radius (y-axis) and ratio n according to the radiation of being launched by appointed area of embodiments more of the present invention e/ n kthe schematic diagram of the dependence of (x-axis);
Fig. 2 A-2I is the high-level schematic diagram with the various embodiments of the optical fiber of the asymmetric covering of xsect according to embodiments more of the present invention;
Fig. 2 J shows the embodiment with the optical fiber had in the coating of specifying the gap at emitting area place or lack at appointment emitting area place according to embodiments more of the present invention;
Fig. 2 K shows the embodiment with the metal waveguide in the gap of specifying emitting area place according to embodiments more of the present invention;
Fig. 3 A is the high-level schematic diagram with the optical fiber of flat supporting construction according to embodiments more of the present invention, this flat supporting construction be attached at optical fiber relative on the opposite side of launch site and target on;
Fig. 3 B is the high-level schematic diagram with the optical fiber of side cylindrical section according to embodiments more of the present invention;
Fig. 3 C is the high-level schematic diagram with the optical fiber of the circle segments at optical fiber end place according to embodiments more of the present invention;
Fig. 4 A-4C and 4E-4J is the high-level schematic diagram bending the equipment of transmitting according to the use of embodiments more of the present invention;
Fig. 4 D show embodiment fiber turns complete equipments more according to the present invention and electrosurgery snare between about launch distribution experimental comparison;
Fig. 5 A-5C illustrates according to the control of the embodiments more of the present invention structure by the electromagnetic radiation of Optical Fiber Transmission;
Fig. 6 A-6J be according to embodiments more of the present invention have be wrapped in such as sacculus supporting construction on the high-level schematic diagram showing the equipment of the bending optical fiber launched;
Fig. 7 A-7E shows the covering of the optical fiber according to embodiments more of the present invention, and when applying strain at the region place specified, the xsect of the covering of this optical fiber becomes asymmetric;
Fig. 8 A and 8B illustrates the bending transmitting for the optical fiber structure (serrate optical fiber) shown in Fig. 2 H according to embodiments more of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is launching from optic fiber configureing and removing the high-level schematic process flow diagram of the method for blocking with it according to embodiments more of the present invention;
Figure 10 A and Figure 10 B schematically shows and launches the optical fiber of subregions according to having of embodiments more of the present invention at three of emitting area and use the hook-shaped equipment of this optical fiber;
Figure 11 A-11E schematically shows the equipment being configured to tweezers according to embodiments more of the present invention;
Figure 12 A and 12B schematically shows the equipment with the backfeed loop for controlling the radiation of launching according to embodiments more of the present invention;
Figure 13 schematically shows the optical fiber with the multiple transmitting subregions in emitting area according to embodiments more of the present invention;
Figure 14 schematically shows the equipment for cutting vessel according to embodiments more of the present invention;
Figure 15 A and 15B show according to embodiments more of the present invention for by equipment being pressed in target the equipment carrying out therapeutic purpose.
Describe in detail
Now concrete with reference to accompanying drawing in detail, it is emphasized that, shown details is by way of example and only for the object of the illustrative discussion of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and is considered to the most useful of principle of the present invention and concept aspect and the description of the reason of easy understand and providing to provide.In this respect, do not attempt being compared to illustrating in greater detail CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION of the present invention required for basic comprehension of the present invention, description taken together with the accompanying drawings makes several forms of the present invention can how implement in practice to become obvious for those skilled in the art.
Before explaining at least one embodiment of the present invention, should be understood that, that the present invention is not limited to set forth in its description being applied to below or the details of illustrated structure and the layout of parts in accompanying drawing.The present invention can be applicable to other embodiment or is put into practice in every way or implement.In addition, also should be understood that wording used herein and term are the objects for describing, and should not be regarded as restriction.
Figure 1A is the high-level schematic block diagram of the launch site of optical fiber 110 according to embodiments more of the present invention.Optical fiber 110 comprises and has refractive index n kfibre core 130 and there is refractive index n mcovering 115.Optical fiber 110 has at least one appointed area of covering 115, its be arranged to when at this appointed area place, optical fiber 110 is bent over bend threshold value relative to the appointment of bending radius r105 time from fibre core 130 electromagnetic radiation-emitting.Related to as bending launch (BE) below the transmitting of the electromagnetic radiation of fibre core 130 when curved fiber 110.Various optic fibre characteristic and radiation characteristic are depended in bending transmitting, as the size, structure and material, bending radius 105, radiation frequency etc. of optical fiber.This optical fiber is designed to the bending transmitting realized only in appointed area and subregion, continues to prevent in the other parts of optical fiber by transmission that covering carries out simultaneously.
It should be noted that the bending direction that can be configured to relative to bending of launching inwardly or outwards occurs.Should also be noted that disclosed principle is also applicable to the waveguide of other type, such as RF waveguide (such as, seeing Fig. 2 K of diagram metal waveguide), it is adjustable to for the particular geometric parameter allowing Altitude control and specify emission mode.
Bending transmitting realizes by curved fiber 110 before optical fiber 110 practical application, such as, optical fiber 110 is bent to there is snare shape form and angled form, shelf-like form etc. (see below example), and then launch by light source control is bending when the bending region of optical fiber 110 is placed on operable position.Selectively or addedly, bending transmitting can be under geometry controls, and realizes with the fault offset distribution needed for producing from waveguide by utilizing the natural curvature of destination object.Some region in optical fiber 110 can be designed to bend when bending to and contacting with target launch, and as illustrational below, and in fact the bending middle energy launched in these regions is used to realize the set goal.In this case, except control light source or replace controlling light source, can by bending the controls transmitting of reality.
The optical fiber 110 of any type can be arranged to the emitted radiation when specific bending, such as, waveguide (it can comprise metal waveguide), solid doped core optical fiber, hollow optical fiber and photonic crystal fiber (as holey fiber, bragg fiber or other microstructured optical fibers any).Non-emissive subregion can be that microstructure (such as, with grid or airport) is to be reduced to its effective refractive index lower than launching the effective refractive index of subregion and/or guiding radiation towards transmitting subregion.
Optical fiber 110 can be single mode or multimode, and in the case of the latter, specific emitting area and bending threshold value can be selected relative to required mode, to control launched energy.In addition, specific emitting area and bending threshold value can be selected relative to the polarization of light beam, and control by the polarization of light beam.
The bending microbend that comprises that can be used in optical fiber 110 in emitting area 120B (departs from from the linear local of optical fiber, bending radius with relatively little) and macrobending (micro-bend) (change of the angle in the direction of optical fiber, usually larger bending radius).Such as, for single-mode fiber, the radiation of launching from macrobending can be estimated by this expression formula: Exp (8.5-519D (λ ce/ (2 λ MFR)) 3), unit is dB/m, and wherein D is bending radius, and unit is mm, λ is wavelength, and unit is μm, λ cebe the cutoff wavelength of optical fiber, unit is μm, and MFR is single-mode fiber radius, and unit is μm.
Figure 1A shows the condition for bending transmitting according to embodiments more of the present invention by the example of the possible track that the light of advancing along optical fiber 110 is shown.Light arrives the beginning of bending appointed area 120B with angle [alpha], and angle [alpha] is also enough for BT, and this is because in this point place bending radius, enough not little (namely α is still greater than θ launch site=sin -1(n e/ n k)).Therefore, light is reflected to covering side 115A and (angle beta is greater than θ with angle beta internal reflection covering=sin -1(n m/ n k)), and remain in fibre core 130.When reflecting from covering 115A, light arrives the subregion 120B with covering 115B with angle γ, and (angle γ is less than θ now launch site=sin -1(n e/ n k)), this reaches threshold radius due to bending radius at this point place and exceeds the specific curvature threshold value (namely bending radius becomes and is less than threshold radius) of the appointed area of optical fiber 110.The light of transmission leaves region 120B with angle θ.Definite calculating adopts the Wang in " microwave and optical communication " 49:9,2133-2138 and other people (2007) " Investigation of Macrobending Losses ofStandard Single Mode Fiber with Small Bend Radii (having the research of the macrobend loss of the standard single-mode fiber of little bending radius) ".Bending transmitting can be approximately with angle θ bendingstart to occur, θ bendingbe defined as with bending radius r105: θ bending=sin -1(r bending/ (r bending+ ID)), ID is inside diameter, i.e. core diameter.Bending condition of launching is: sin -1(n m/ n k)=θ covering< θ bending< θ launch site=sin -1(n e/ n k).
Except prior art, the present invention uses the with good conditionsi and controlled side emission from optical fiber.Compare side and burn up fibre (side firing fiber), optical fiber of the present invention is when being straight or not launching any radiation lower than during bending threshold bend.Only optical fiber with during predetermined bend radius such as by treating to activate side emission by blocking of removing of optical fiber or according to specific equipment de-sign.
Using emitted radiation treatments period, each several part (such as flowing is blocked or polyp) of therapeutic purpose is removed, and causes target destroyed and flatten.In some embodiments, target is put down to flatten and is reduced bending (the adding its bending radius) of optical fiber 110, and causes bending transmitting to reduce, until treatment terminates.When selecting bending threshold value, this effect may be supposed to and take into account.In some embodiments, different appointed areas can receive treatment, and by different bending threshold startup, can treat to allow the multistage.
Figure 1B is to the schematic diagram of the dependence of bending radius 105 according to the radiation of being launched by appointed area of embodiments more of the present invention; Figure 1B shows the broad peak of the emitted radiation at the bending radius place at about 1-3mm, and in the electromagnetic radiation wherein transmitted by optical fiber 110 more than 90% is launched by appointed area.In addition, Figure 1B shows when bending much smaller on intensity from the radiation (dotted line) not clearly from appointed area of covering 115 transmitting, and occurs with much smaller bending radius (mostly at below 0.5mm).Therefore, Figure 1B indicates the good controllability of the radiation of being launched by the design of appointed area.
In one example, appointed area has the refractive index n had in non-emissive subregion 120A mcovering 115A and have and launching the refractive index n in subregion 120B ecovering 115B.When solid doped core optical fiber, refractive index meets n k>=n e>n m.When hollow (air) doped core optical fiber, refractive index meets n m, n e>n k.In the latter case, embodiment can comprise n m>=n eor n e>=n m, depend on the absorption of refractive index and material, scattering and microstructure.
Fig. 1 C be according to the radiation of being launched by appointed area of embodiments more of the present invention to bending radius 105 (y-axis) with ratio n e/ n kthe schematic diagram of the dependence of (x-axis).The ratio of the electromagnetic radiation that the line in Fig. 1 C represents the field emission by specifying and the electromagnetic radiation transmitted by optical fiber 110 that is 0.2,0.4,0.6 and 0.8, it is also the value represented in the y-axis of Figure 1B.Fig. 1 C illustrates along with n e/ n kthe transmitting that ratio increases close to 0.99 (radius 105 with fixing), and along with reducing bending radius 105 (namely with stronger the bending of optical fiber 110) (with fixing n e/ n kratio) and the transmitting of increase.
In embodiments, one or more optical fiber 110 can comprise in device 100 (for example, see Fig. 5 C, Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 C), and this equipment 100 has at least one light source, and this light source arrangement is for transmit electromagnetic radiation by one or more optical fiber 110.Description below starts with the embodiment of optical fiber 110, and continues with the embodiment of equipment 100.In order to describe for simplicity, any one that it should be understood that in the embodiment of optical fiber can realize in any one in the embodiment of this equipment, and therefore all possible combination all comprises in the present invention.
Fig. 2 A-2I is the high level schematic diagram with the various embodiments of the optical fiber 110 of asymmetric covering 115 in cross-section according to embodiments more of the present invention.Fig. 2 A-2I shows the xsect by appointed area.Usually, launch subregion and be numbered as 120B (and 120C, if there is several transmitting subregion), and non-emissive subregion is numbered as 120A.Each coating subregion is numbered 115B and 115A respectively.Fig. 2 A-2I shows one or two as an example and launches subregion, according to given requirement, optical fiber 110 can be arranged to comprise launches subregion 120B, 120C, multiple different subregion and any other regions and partitioned organization at different appointed area place more than two along optical fiber 110.
Fig. 2 A shows the optical fiber 110 with two different covering Class1 15A, l15B, and these two different covering Class1 15A, l15B have different refractivity n respectively m, n e.N egeneral closer to n k, make appointed area place by bending for optical fiber 110 result exceeding bending threshold value be by appointed area in the transmitting 152 of radiation of subregion 120B, as made example as shown in calculating below.
In embodiments, the standardized refractive index difference between the covering of emitting area and the covering of non-emitting area is specified can be greater than about 0.1% (such as, Δ=(n e-n m)/n e), and about 0.5% can be greater than.Difference can be greater or lesser, this depends on that the definite materials and structures of use and exercisable (predefined or produce) bending radius 105 are (as nonrestrictive guestimate, the difference of refractive index is larger, and threshold bend radius is less).
Relate to and there is n kthe business SiO of the refractive index of=1.457 (at 633nm) 2two non-limiting examples of optical fiber are (i) n m=1.456 and n e=1.457, and (ii) n m=1.000 and n e=1.450.
Fig. 2 B shows the optical fiber 110 with two different covering Class1 15A, 115B, these two different covering Class1 15A, 115B have dissimilar microstructure 116A, 116B respectively, are different Prague type structure of covering 115 in the illustrated case.In the example in the figures, bragg structure 116A is more extensive in covering 115B than bragg structure 116B in covering 115A, causes the transmitting 152 by subregion 120B when being bent over threshold value.Other embodiment can comprise one-sided Prague microstructure or have multiple regions of different Prague microstructures.In addition, structure 116B can not have bragg layer and can by single material structure.
Fig. 2 C shows the optical fiber 110 with two different covering Class1 15A, 115B, and these two different covering Class1 15A, 115B have microstructure 117A, 117B, and such as hole (such as airport), it is relative to the n in the 120B of launch site edecrease the n in non-emission region 120A m.In the ordinary course of things, optical fiber 110 can be asymmetric photonic crystal fiber, and it also may be used for other object.Optical fiber 110 can be asymmetric photonic crystal fiber (PCF), and such as, according to one of illustrated embodiment, it also can be used for other object.Microstructure 117A, 117B can be present in launch site 120B and non-emission region 120A at (about the quantity of microstructure 117A, 117B, its parameter and its spatial expansion) in varying degrees, or exist only in side, such as only in the 120A of non-emitting area, there is microstructure 117A, to prevent from launching therefrom.
Fig. 2 D show the covering 115 that has and be designed to the large clearance 118 had in the 120A of non-emitting area and can with the optical fiber 110 of the other fibre core 130 of optical fiber 110 asymmetric localization (namely departing from center or bias).Fibre core 130 can also be that non-circular (such as, being ellipse) is to define bending threshold value as requested in Fig. 2 D.The particular design of the form of clearance 118 and degree, covering 115 and fibre core 130 can be suitable for the bending emission parameter of specifying and specification.
Fig. 2 E shows another kind of asymmetric fiber loop structure, comprises the asymmetric fibre core 130 of the centralized positioning of stray fiber 110 and comprises the covering 115 of the multiple airports 119 being arranged to define non-emitting area 120A.The exact configuration of fibre core 130 and covering 115 can be selected according to concrete bending emission parameter and specification.
Fig. 2 F shows another example of asymmetric fiber loop 110, namely has the transmitting subregion 115B of covering 115 and the concrete form of fibre core 130 and the embodiment of position.
Fig. 2 G shows the optical fiber 110 with multiple transmitting subregion, and it can design the diverse location place in the xsect of optical fiber 110.As in the illustrated case of non-limiting example, two relative transmitting subregion 120B, 120C, it can have similar or different emission characteristics.Launch subregion 120B, 120C and each other in different angles, and can comprise the transmitting subregion more than two.Launch subregion 120B, 120C can be associated from different fibre core 130B, 130A respectively, such as, be configured to launch electromagnetic radiation 152B, the 152A with different parameters (such as wavelength, intensity).Launch subregion 120C to be associated with other fibre core 130A.Launch subregion 120B, 120C also can relative to transmit direction have different bending threshold value (can inwardly or be bent outwardly time launch).
The electromagnetic radiation of such as laser energy side by side or sequentially can be transported to any one or two of core 130B, 130A.Without loss of generality, optical fiber 110 can have several appointed area and/or several transmitting subregion 120B, 120C etc., it can axially be constructed, so as along optical fiber 110 by Energy transfer to different appointed areas and/or launch subregion can tangentially be constructed with side by side or sequentially along optical fiber 110 by Energy transfer to several region.
Fig. 2 H shows optical fiber 110, and it has the radial cut dentation covering 115 at appointed area place, and space 121A, 121B wherein between sawtooth are defined according to the bending threshold value of specifying.When curved fiber 110, sawtooth on side on optical fiber 110 moves closer to each other (space 121A becomes less relative to straight optical fiber 110), and the sawtooth spread apart (space 121B becomes larger relative to straight optical fiber 110) on the opposite side of optical fiber 110.Launch site 120B on the either side of optical fiber 110, can depend on n kand n mbetween relation.For n k>n m(real core), the effective refractive index of covering 115 is increased to close to n by the sawtooth flocked together k, and launch site 120B is therefore on recessed side, and open sawtooth decreases the effective refractive index of covering 115, and non-emitting area is therefore on the convex side of optical fiber 110.
Sawtooth on recessed side can guiding energy (see Fig. 8 B) in a periodic manner, by concentration of energy to the desired zone along appointed area.Fig. 8 A (seeing below) to show in optical fiber 110 90 ° of simulation bending in Energy transfer.Be solid line by the Energy transfer of covering and be dotted line by the radiation of appointed area.Due to the sawtooth in recessed bending area, the radiation of transmitting is periodically concentrated.In addition, sawtooth also achieves with less bending radius mechanically curved fiber 110.
Fig. 2 I shows another example of asymmetric fiber loop 110, namely has the embodiment of the transmitting subregion 115B of covering 115 and the specific form of fibre core 130 and position.Fibre core 130 is microscler and is eccentric relative to covering 115, and has effective radius 131.Cross-sectional structure can be designed to the radiation 152 of transmitting to be directed to the focus point 154 such as in the radial symmetry axis of launching subregion 115B.Fibre core---clad interface 153 can be configured as affects emission characteristics.
The xsect of optical fiber can be configured to not only in specific direction emitted radiation 152, and by the transmitting that specifically distributes.From fibre core 130 light can as required by optical manipulation to exit waveguide by narrow flat distribution or the distribution that selectively disperses.Fibre core---clad interface 153 can be designed to as lens to focus on the energy of nature dispersion.Such as, Fig. 2 I shows the sectional view in the distribution of focus energy.In this case, the track 153 of the radiation 152 of launching arrives fibre core---clad interface 153, and then inwardly focus on focus 154, due to the shorter effective radius 131 of fibre core 130, than the radiation of being launched at the interface from radial symmetry closer to fibre core 130.Unique package assembly allows asymmetricly energy to be transmitted into only side away from core 130, and handles interface 153 to indicate accurate very concrete mode of launching distribution.Other distribution can be produced by the fiber cross-sections distribution of example in Fig. 2 D-2F.
Refractive index also depends on temperature.Usually, the increase of temperature causes refractive index to increase.That fault offset 152 also can be asymmetric as in the asymmetrical inherently embodiment in Fig. 2 I at optical fiber 110.Because energy 152 is released on bending inner side, therefore this side becomes warmer, produces regenerative feedback loop, which increases release 152 and thus too increase accuracy and security, this is because this effect only occurs in treatment site.The rising of temperature result in the higher refractive index of launching in subregion 120B, and thus cause the fault offset that increases and more heating, enhance releasing mechanism.Stretching bend stops and having reversed this process.The precision target energy of the cutting/heating of tissue is adjusted to strengthen and is improved the validity of bending emitted radiation 152.Clad material can be selected to has the specific effect absorbed to control bending transmitting.
Fig. 2 J illustrates the embodiment of the optical fiber 110 of the coating 140 according to embodiments more of the present invention, and coating 140 has gap or lacks at appointment emitting area 120B place; Coating 140 can have inner reflective surface, and this inner reflective surface produces or enhance bending transmitting and its directivity.Usually, at 120B place, appointed area, coating 140 can be asymmetrical on xsect.The other parts of optical fiber 110 or equipment (seeing below) can be configured to the transmitting improving light beam.
Fig. 2 K shows the metal waveguide had in the gap of specifying emitting area 120B place according to embodiments more of the present invention.Design and devdlop concept for optical fiber 110 in this paper and equipment 100 can be applied to metal waveguide, carries such as electromagnetic radiation.Gap in metal waveguide may be used for emitted radiation 152, whereby application for the treatment of.
Fig. 3 A is the high-level schematic diagram with the optical fiber 110 relative to the supporting construction 141 on the opposite side of launch site 120B and target being attached to optical fiber 110 according to embodiments more of the present invention.Supporting construction 141 can be used for optical fiber 110 to be oriented come localizing emission region 120 with the correct direction relative to target and excessive power reflexed in target.Supporting construction 141 can be association (seeing below) in the various embodiments of equipment 100.
In order to structure object, optical fiber 110 can be attached to be strengthened structure or stabilizator 141 or embeds strengthening in structure or stabilizator 141, to guarantee stability and to prevent fracture.Strengthening structure 141 can be by plastics or metal semicanal (such as, being similar to the coating 140 in Fig. 2 J) or ribbon (such as, as in figure 3 a).In some cases, after its stabilizator 141 is arranged on desired position (such as, stabilizator 141 be inserted into be excised block 95 around after (such as polyp or tumour)), optical fiber 110 can be inserted in stabilizator 141.In addition, strengthen structure 141 can be used for emitted energy 152 to internal reflection.
Fig. 3 B is the high-level schematic diagram of the optical fiber 110 with sidepiece arc section 142 according to embodiments more of the present invention.Section 142 has and defines boundary and launch subregion and also at the arc of the plane place electromagnetic radiation-emitting 152 limited by this arc.Optical fiber 110 can be included in one or more sections 142 like this at the region place specified.Section 142 can be a part for covering 115, and such as, producing by cutting in clad material, is a part or the additional structure of coating 140.Radiation 152 can also focus in target by section 142.
Fig. 3 C be according to embodiments more of the present invention at optical fiber end place with the high-level schematic diagram of the optical fiber 110 of circle segments 143 (such as disk).Circle segments 143 has at least one circle segments 143, and this circle segments 143 has at least one the end fire subregion, the arc at the plane electromagnetic radiation-emitting 152 defined by this arc that define.End fire subregion can operate when optical fiber 110 bends or operate independent of this place.
Embodiment of the present invention also comprise the optical fiber with asymmetric xsect, and particularly have the optical fiber of asymmetric covering, and asymmetric wherein on xsect defines at least one and launch subregion and at least one non-emissive subregion.0.1% can be greater than in the difference of launching the refractive index between subregion and non-emissive subregion, be greater than 0.5% or be greater than in the difference of launching the refractive index between subregion and the fibre core of optical fiber.
Figure below depicts the example for equipment 100, and it achieves and presents the bending optical fiber 110 launched.According to the specification of equipment, each equipment 100 can adopt any embodiment of optical fiber 110 described above to realize under by manufacturing issue instead of the constraint that caused by conceptual problem.
Fig. 4 A-4C and Fig. 4 E-4J is the high-level schematic diagram of the equipment 100 bending transmitting according to the use of embodiments more of the present invention.Fig. 4 A-4C show fiber turns complete equipment 100, Fig. 4 D show between fiber turns complete equipment and electrosurgery snare about launch distribution experiment compare; Fig. 4 E, 4F, 4H and 4I show optical fiber hook equipment; Fig. 4 G shows and is used for the treatment of the flow equipment that blocks and Fig. 4 J and shows equipment with being designed to the optical element producing planar transmit from optical fiber.
Device 100 comprises at least one optical fiber 110 and is arranged through at least one light source 70 (such as, see Fig. 5 C) that this at least one optical fiber 110 transmits electromagnetic radiation.Optical fiber 110 comprises at least one fibre core 130 and covering 115.Each optical fiber 110 has at least one appointed area, and this at least one appointed area is arranged to bend when exceeding the bending threshold value of specifying optical fiber 110 from fibre core 130 electromagnetic radiation-emitting at these region places.Emitting area 120B can be single or multiple, and may be used for different intensity and wavelength coverage conveying radiation, may be used for different objects, such as cuts, excises, different types for the treatment of and mark.
Such as, optical fiber 110 can be formed as snare (Fig. 4 A, 4B), and this snare has the tip flexion region being arranged to electromagnetic radiation-emitting 152 in the plane defined by this snare.Equipment 100 can by create much accurate much and clean block 95 cutting (such as, the cutting of polyp, is improved as shown in Figure 4 B) in the prior art of electrosurgery snare.Launch the plane of 152 in the interior section of snare, and transmitting 152 is caused by the bending of apex zone of optical fiber 110 at snare.In embodiments, in the 120A of region, radiation or low-down radiation is not had outwards to be launched.As application example, Fig. 4 B shows the snare shape optical fiber 110 that the passage 77 through endoscope 76 applies.
In embodiments, the optical fiber 110 of snare can have other launch site 120C, such as, defined by the subregion 115C of covering, and the subregion 115C of covering is angled with the main transmitting subregion 115B maintaining covering.Region 120C can launch the electromagnetic radiation 151 with the characteristic different from the electromagnetic radiation 152 for cutting, such as, more weak radiation or the radiation in different wavelength coverages, it may be useful, such as excising the edge blocking 95, to prevent hemorrhage and to protect from infection.It should be noted that radiation 151 successfully and with correct direction is applied because of the structure due to snare itself, this excision is than the laser ablation more effective (see Fig. 4 B) of prior art.
Optical fiber snare 110 is illustrated relative in the additional advantage experimental result in fig. 4d of the electrosurgery snare of prior art, namely the cutting planes of optical fiber snare 110 is much narrower than the cutting planes of electrosurgery snare, thus causes the less destruction of adjacent tissue and produce more clean cutting.
Fig. 4 E and Fig. 4 F shows optical fiber hook equipment 100, wherein optical fiber 110 is bent at a certain angle, and is kept device 111 and keeps or self―sustaining (respectively) and this bending is arranged to electromagnetic radiation-emitting 152 (respectively) in the plane defined by predefined angle of bend.This optical fiber hook equipment 100 can different geometry block 95 below be similar to optical fiber snare to operate.Such as, when treating Lesions in Upper Gastrointestinal Tract with Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), optical fiber hook can replace similar electrosurgery hook.
In the embodiment of device 100, light source 70 can comprise at least two light sources 70, and these at least two light sources 70 are configured to transmit at least one treatment bundle and at least one guiding bundle by least one optical fiber 110.Such as, bundle is guided to may be used for marking the treatment plane of optical fiber snare 110 or optical fiber hook 110 and do not affect and block 95.This guiding bundle may be very useful for surgical planning and can further improve the degree of accuracy of use equipment 100 operation.
Fig. 4 G illustrates the treatment that the flowing undertaken by supporting construction 122 blocks 95, and supporting construction 122 allows the flowing 86 continued of the inner chamber 85 by such as blood vessel 90 (as artery).The bending applying radiation 152 being attached to the optical fiber 110 of supporting construction 122 as to the treatment of blocking 95, and when blocking 95 and removing, bendingly flattens and treats stopping.
Optical fiber 110 illustrates as J-shaped equipment by Fig. 4 H and Fig. 4 I, the radiation 152 of wherein launching is launched in the plane of the sweep from " J ", or outwards, as described in Fig. 4 H, or inwardly, as described in Fig. 4 I, consider that (single equipment 100 can have two functions in selection according to clinical needs and design, such as there is the different optical fiber for respective object, or differently operate in different wavelength region may, or different equipment can be designed to for these emission modes).Fig. 4 I also show a kind of embodiment, wherein optical fiber end is designed to such as pass through the reflecting element 165 of design in end (such as, the mirror of coating or attachment) guide in the plane of radiation from oblique one side of energy that optical fiber end is launched, this reflecting element 165 is connected to circle segments 143, and circle segments 143 is designed to guide the end energy launched in the plane of departure oblique.
Fig. 4 J shows has according to embodiments more of the present invention the equipment 100 being designed to the optical element 144 producing planar transmit 152 from optical fiber 110.Such as, optical element 144 can be designed as in the plane being reflected in and specifying from the radiation 152 (such as, as the enhancing of above-described snare shape equipment) that the bending emitting area 120B of optical fiber 110 launches.
Fig. 5 A-5C shows the structure of the electromagnetic radiation transmitted by optical fiber 110 according to the control of embodiments more of the present invention.Relative to the design of equipment 100, the non-radiation transmitted be launched must be carried out controlling and regulating.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 C, the radiation transmitted can be arrived by optical fiber 110 from light source 70 and guided bone optical fiber 161 and exit optical fiber 168 and the absorption cell 169 (certainly guide optical fiber 161, treatment optical fiber 110 and exit optical fiber 168 and can be used as single optical fiber and realize, only optical fiber 110 presents bending transmitting in appointed area) at optical fiber connector.When optical fiber 110 around sacculus 122 (seeing below) woven and then the radiation of transmission is directed to exit optical fiber 168 time, also can apply such structure.Absorption cell 169 also can be positioned at the end of equipment 100, as shown in following Fig. 6 A.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B, the end 163 of optical fiber 110 is reflexive, to reflect non-emissive electromagnetic radiation.In fig. 5, reflectivity is realized by the Bragg grating 164 of an appropriate characteristics, and in Fig. 5 B, this reflectivity is realized by coating 165 (or mirror 165 of attachment), and exits the electromagnetic radiation that optical fiber 168 is arranged to receive reflection.Use reflection end 163 not only to contribute to processing excessive radiation, and also double potential bending transmitting by running twice radiation through appointed area.
Fig. 6 A-6J is the high-level schematic diagram with the equipment 100 presenting the bending optical fiber 110 launched according to embodiments more of the present invention, and this optical fiber 110 is wrapped in the supporting construction 122 of such as submissive sacculus and immalleable sacculus.
Fig. 6 A shows the supporting construction 122 being presented as sacculus 122, and optical fiber 110 is attached to sacculus 122.Sacculus 122 can be inflated by pump 75, and is inserted into by the induction system 76 of such as endoscope and passage 77, may be guided (see Fig. 6 F) by wire 138.Sacculus 122 can be fixed by the guiding piece 139 close to it and control.Sacculus 122 can be included in the absorption cell 169 of its end, or winding optical fiber 110 can be circle and guide excessive radiation (as schematically shown in figure 5 c) to returning.
Optical fiber 110 can be wound with different configurations and be attached to sacculus 122.Fig. 6 B shows sacculus xsect, and wherein optical fiber 110 is evenly distributed on the top layer of sacculus 122.Fig. 6 C shows a kind of embodiment, and wherein optical fiber 110 is wound around transverse to the application direction of sacculus 122.Fig. 6 D, 6E, 6H and 6I show more complicated winding pattern, are included in the spiral winding of both direction.The winding of optical fiber 110 can be horizontal or longitudinal direction relative to the length axes of sacculus 122, or is rendered as its any combination or other form.In the ordinary course of things, optical fiber 110 can with perpendicular to, be parallel to or favour air bag 122 longitudinal axis or with its combination configuration be wound.
The winding of optical fiber 110 can be shelf-like, the shelf-like configuration (Fig. 6 G) having contractile shelf-like configuration (Fig. 6 F) and launch.Fig. 6 H and Fig. 6 I also can be realized by with shelf-like design.Fig. 6 H and Fig. 6 I shows the implant frame 100 comprising activate optical fibre 110, and when energy is in body or when external source 167 transmits 166, activate optical fibre 110 is by bending emitting area 120B emitted energy 152 (not shown in this figure).Fig. 6 H shows equipment 100, it can implantedly block in the region of 95, patch such as in such as oesophagus (GERD GERD) or bronchus (asthma) or other lesion region, to realize the excision gradually of patch/tissue 95 or the topical therapeutic by drug activation PDT.Such as, one or more optical fiber 110 can be comprised in the support of any type, to carry radiation, and the medicine that this radioactivation is associated with support.In addition, equipment 100 can comprise medicine elution device in any embodiment, is such as arranged to the pin of elution medicine near radiation-emitting.Then, this radiation can be used to activate the effect that medicine or this medicine can be used for strengthening laser therapy.Fig. 6 I shows equipment 100, wherein launched energy 152 may be used for the nerve suppressing or activate such as in the arteria renalis and launches 96 to stop the sympathetic nerve effluent from kidney, and thus reduce systemic blood pressure to stop pain signal in some cases, or with imbalance or the hunger of obesity of keeping on a diet.Such state also can be treated by optical fiber 110 shown in other embodiments and equipment 100.Fig. 6 J shows the equipment 100 comprising and to be wound around or to replace the one or more optical fiber 110 in the line of braided support 112 around support 112.Bending optical fiber 110 can be arranged to emitted radiation, the placement of its support rack 112, and resecting loop is around support 112 (such as, before agglutination, period or afterwards) or the tissue with elution drug interaction.
In embodiments, any optical fiber can be combined with support, such as excises, the treatment of the activation of radiosensitive medicine or the activation of nerve endings for activating, for various object.Launch from the rule of optical fiber end and bending transmitting for carrying required radiation and the specific treatment of application or can be replaced except bending transmitting.
The supporting construction 122 of equipment 100 is configured to cause all, some or at least one optical fiber 110 bending exceed about target 95 its specifically bending threshold value in the mode at target 95 place electromagnetic radiation-emitting 152 relative to target 95 (as flowing is blocked) positioning optical waveguides 110.When sacculus 122, inflating balloon 122 may cause optical fiber 110 to be bent over transmitting threshold value when contact target 95.
Profile cause this bending can be used for particularly by Energy transfer to those regions needing treatment, as patch (see Fig. 4 G and Fig. 6 C below such as) is blocked in flowing.The sacculus 122 that the catheter delivery system of available standards is sent is inflated in situ, causes the optical fiber 110 on sacculus 122 surface to be pressed against on artery and patch and is stamped with this profile.It is bending that impression causes in a fiber, and it induces it to be used for the treatment of the required bending transmitting of pathology.
Fig. 6 C shows flowing and blocks 95, the vascular lesion such as in Artery bifurcation.Although due to the geometry of area for treatment, the treatment of the prior art of the pathology in branched portion is difficult especially, but because sacculus 122 is enhanced with the geometry curving through difficulty of the optical fiber 110 being attached to it, equipment 100 utilizes the geometry of difficulty to improve treatment, and thus is conducive to treatment.In embodiments, 95 remove and can carry out completed treatment simply by the specific threshold value that finally increases above of bending radius is blocked.Equipment 110 clearly allows several treatment of blocking, as shown in Fig. 4 F and Fig. 6 C.Diseased region 95 is positioned at the side place of blood vessel 85 and the summit place of furcation.Emitting area 120B, 120C can be multiple, and optical fiber 110 can be configured to based on the different threshold emissions radiation in region 120B, 120C, and thus realize the special for treating being used for furcation.Such as, the parameter of different launch site can be considered by the geometry of target 95 and the operation of surrounding and its relation with the structure of equipment 100, and treatment consideration (type, radiation intensity, security consideration etc. in the treatment that zones of different is applied) decides.
Fig. 6 E shows the embodiment of the equipment 100 operated by external source 166.External source 166 carrys out activated equipment 100 by the radiation or field being applied to any type of equipment 100.This equipment 100 can have the sacculus as supporting construction 122, or optical fiber 110 can be shelf-like, the shelf-like configuration (Fig. 6 G) having contractile shelf-like configuration (Fig. 6 F) and launch.Equipment 100 can be used acutely or implanted for permanent use during process.
In embodiments, optical fiber 110 can be arranged as resonator, and it expands the radiation that causes from source 166, and thus produce and be used for the treatment of required radiation, and do not use internal light source 70.
Fig. 6 F and Fig. 6 G shows contracted configuration and the deployed configuration (being configured to sacculus or support) of the equipment 100 when treating blocking in heart 60.These embodiments can comprise for optical fiber energy halt or can measuring tank, such as, shown in Fig. 5 A-5C and Fig. 6 A.
Fig. 7 A-7E shows the covering 115 of the optical fiber 110 according to embodiments more of the present invention, and when the application strain 171 of appointed area place, this covering 115 becomes asymmetric on xsect.
Generally, the fiber optic materials of similar silicon dioxide trends towards having the tension lower than compressive stress.Substantially, this means that breakaway poing decides by reaching the tension limit usually when bending symmetrical optical fiber.In one embodiment, the effective tension limit adopts the hollow structure of such as pipe geometrically increasing.Optical fiber 110 can be constructed to hollow tube (Fig. 7 A, 7B), or this hollow tube can be positioned at only bending optical fiber 110 external flange on (such as, large in Fig. 2 D clearance 118).This hollow tube can have circle, ellipse or other xsect, to increase the natural tendency (Fig. 7 A) inwardly shunk.When optical fiber 110 is bent, the strain 171 on the external margin of optical fiber 110 increases (Fig. 7 B).Because center is hollow, it is possible for therefore inwardly shrinking.This contraction means larger bending radius 105 (172A to the 172B in Fig. 7 C), itself so mean the stress effectively weakened, therefore mean the possibility for the less bending radius of identical stress fracture value (more sharp-pointed is bending).Pipe thickness and material are adapted to the possibility bent.This method allows tighter the bending and do not destroy it of optical fiber 110.Another kind of possible embodiment is used in the sawtooth on the outside in fibre-optical bending region, and as in Fig. 2 H, this also effectively reduces the stress value on external flange.
In embodiments, covering 115 can be arranged on xsect, become asymmetric when the application strain 171 of appointed area place.Asymmetry can be expressed as the refractive index of the form of covering 115, the thickness of covering 115 and/or covering 115.Asymmetry can be configured to the electromagnetic radiation 152 of focus emission.
Fig. 7 A-7C shows the strain 171 of three types.Fig. 7 A illustrates the optical fiber 110 of asymmetric xsect (such as non-circular cross-section), and it is deformed to state 170B along with degree of eccentricity increases from state 170A.Fig. 7 B shows the optical fiber 110 of circular cross section, and it is deformed to state 170B in side from state 170A, thus causes the change of strain 171.Fig. 7 C shows bending optical fiber 110, and wherein bending strain is to strain 171 reductions, and the bending radius of optical fiber 110 is increased to the 172B in state 170B from the 172A state 170A.
Fig. 7 D shows bending from state 170A to state 170B of optical fiber 110 and causes relative to these bending both sides---differently strained the inner side 173A of the optical fiber 110 and outside 173B of optical fiber 110.Therefore, side 173A, 173B stand different strains, and it may cause the change of the refractive index of both sides, and cause the bending either side that is transmitted in occur, it depends on type and the design of optical fiber.
In embodiments, photoelasticity can be used for according to stress changes refractive index, to finely tune the ability that waveguide (such as optical fiber 110) releases energy asymmetrically.The refractive index of most of material depends on stress.Usually in glass, when stress increases, refractive index also increases.The direction of the distortion of photoelasticity by the electron shell of atom and molecule and the component by optically anisotropic molecule or these molecules is caused; In the polymer, photoelasticity is caused by the expansion of polymer chain and direction.For little uniaxial tension or compression, meet Brewster's law, make light path equal refractive index and be multiplied by geometric index or stress exponent is multiplied by stress and geometric path.
When the waveguide of similar optical fiber is bent, symmetrical destruction occurs in the stress distribution in the cross section of optical fiber.Medial surface 173A is compressed and lateral surface 173B expands, thus increases drawing stress.Solve Euler-Bernoulli Jacob's Beam equation and mean pure (convex) bending zero stress (Fig. 7 D), the tension at flange 173B place and compressive stress at recessed edge 173A place caused at neutral axis place; It also means, maximum tension stress occurs in nonreentrant surface place and maximum crushing stress occurs in recessed surface.
Symmetry-violating between covering 115 on this bending covering 115 caused on this bending inner side, radiation emitting part and this bending outside.Usually, the refractive index of the refractive index ratio fibre core 130 of covering is low by about 0.5%.The index gap that bending in optical fiber compensate in compressed side 173A effectively and the gap added on the other hand on the 173B of outside.It is more weak that this makes light be limited on inner side, makes its more seepage.
The asymmetry caused because this is bending has guided release 152.Increased by curved waveguide and the refractive index subsequently particularly at the inner side place of bending 173A, the direction of release 152 is controlled.Boundary index differential between fibre core 130 and covering 115 adjusts according to cause needed for release 152 bending.
Fig. 7 E shows the xsect of bending optical fiber 110, and wherein covering 115 has different-thickness, and it causes subregion 120B and focuses on the electromagnetic radiation 152 of launching.The distortion of covering 115 and index variation subsequently can be assisted further by launching subregion 120B focused radiation 152.
The xsect of optical fiber 110 can be designed as proof stress distribution.Such as, Fig. 7 E shows the transmitting subregion 120B of the recess as covering 115, and it is configured to be used as at the convergent lens launching subregion 120B place.In this case, the compressive stress in recessed side increases, and that it changes refractive index in this region, makes in fact to obtain the lens in the recessed side of covering 115.
The bending transmitting for the optical fiber configurations (serrate optical fiber) shown in Fig. 2 H that what Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B showed is according to embodiments more of the present invention.
Fig. 8 A shows power stage, and power stage is as the number percent of the radiation transmitted from appointed area when bending (dotted line) compared to the radiation (solid line) by the transmitting of covering 115A outside transmitting subregion 120B.At the arc length range place of 40-160 μm of round fiber xsect, namely in specific bending subregion, clearly emission peak is obvious.
Fig. 8 B is the direct photo of the light of transmission in optical fiber 110, and the transmitting of the curved side 120B by optical fiber 110 is shown.Generally speaking, the mechanical stretching in curved fiber reduces the refractive index on outside and improves the refractive index on inner side, to produce bending transmitting as the combined result of bending geometric configuration and Effect of Materials.
Fig. 9 is from fibre optical transmission (step 201) and the high-level schematic process flow diagram removing the method 200 of blocking (step 278) with it according to the configuration of embodiments more of the present invention.
Method 200 comprises: be arranged at least one appointed area in optical fiber launch by the covering of optical fiber the electromagnetic radiation (step 210) transmitted when optical fiber is bent over specific bending threshold value at this at least one appointed area place from fibre core.
Method 200 can also comprise and is configured to be in asymmetric (step 220) on xsect in this at least one appointed area by covering, and comprises at least one and launch subregion and at least one non-emissive subregion.Method 200 can also comprise the effective refractive index n of at least one transmitting subregion by this ebe arranged to than cladding index n mcloser to the refractive index n of fibre core k(step 230), so that when optical fiber is bent over specific bending threshold value at this at least one appointed area place, by this, at least one launches subregion generation transmission.
Setting effective refractive index n e(step 230) is performed by following: by n mchange to n e(step 232); Make covering engrail (step 234); Make covering micro-structural (step 236); Selectively fibre core is positioned at (step 238) in covering asymmetrically or prejudicially; Asymmetric coating is applied to (step 242) on covering; And optical fiber is strained (step 244), such as mechanically, thermally or adopt radiation (as ultraviolet light).
Method 200 can comprise this at least one appointed area is configured to electromagnetic radiation-emitting (step 250) in the plane defined by optical fiber, and removes block (step 278) by being blocked (step 280) by this crossing on the same level.
Method 200 also can comprise at least one optical fiber with at least one appointed area is attached to supporting construction (step 260), and this support structure configuration is become cause this at least one fibre-optical bending to exceed mode about its specific bending threshold value of target relative to this at least one optical fiber (270) of target localization, so that at target place electromagnetic radiation-emitting (step 275).
Remove and block (step 278) and block (step 277) to perform by being applied at least one appointed area of at least one optical fiber, at least one appointed area of this at least one optical fiber is arranged to launch by the covering of this optical fiber the electromagnetic radiation transmitted from fibre core when optical fiber is bent over specific bending threshold value at this at least one appointed area place.
Can by for inflated (step 295) by this at least one fiber optic applications to blocking (step 277), wherein at least one optical fiber is attached to sacculus (step 290) and is bent over specific bending threshold value against blocking at this at least one appointed area place to produce this at least one optical fiber.
In embodiments, equipment 100 and method 200 are used to assist in medical procedure, particularly by utilizing the Soft tissue cutting of the fibre-optical bending being used for laser energy release.Natural curvature in clinical setting is used to bring out the laser release of safe, the controlled and predetermined sidepiece from optical fiber, for various object, as soft tissue, cartilage and bone cutting, excise and solidify.In addition, controlled release can be used for other object and does not limit, such as sensing, materials processing and other application.
Device 100 and method 200 can be used for the application of cutting and/or removing polyp, pathology, soft tissue sarcoma, optimum and malignant tumour and other soft tissue.In another embodiment, it is for the treatment of medium tissue damage, as atrial fibrillation, denervation or neural suppress and/or to excite and by the pharmacological activation of photodynamic therapy.Equipment 100 and method 200 can be used for providing and luminous energy are transported to desired location, are adjusted to specific geometric configuration and energy and are transmitted into tissue to allow to excise/solidify/means of cutting with the safety of the tissue of accurate and controllable mode.Equipment 100 and method 200 can be used in the different parts of animal or human's body, such as: other positions all of colon, ileum, caecum, esophagus, stomach and digestive system; Other position any of urethra, bladder, ureter, kidney or urinary system; Also have other positions all of vagina, uterine neck, uterus, ovary, prostate, penis and reproductive system; Other positions all of nasal cavity and oral cavity, epiglottis, trachea-bronchial epithelial cell, lung and respiratory system; Brain, spinal cord and neural other positions all; And all sites of the circulation system, vein, artery, heart etc.Its process also can be correlated with to the position of skin or dermatology, shaping and common surgical procedures process are performed the operation.
In embodiments, equipment 100 and method 200 can be used for treating atherosclerotic by laser atherectomy by especially laser energy being delivered to sclerosis pathology, by utilizing the profile of optical fiber with the sharp turn in induction optical fiber, it causes light beam " leakage " successively and goes out optical fiber and be passed to pathology laser energy is delivered to sclerosis pathology.Therefore, device 100 and method 200 utilize the geometry of pathology to be released to target with this uniquely in treatment site.
Here is some non-limiting examples, for relative to various bending threshold value of blocking.It should be noted that as shown below, have two sizes to relate to bending radius or radius-of-curvature haply.One is the radius (perpendicular in the plane of blood vessel) of blood vessel 90, and another relates to the longitudinal path (in the longitudinal cross-section of blood vessel 90) along blood vessel 90.Consequently, optical fiber 110 can be asymmetric, and is of different sizes in different directions, or directed with the different modes along equipment 100 (and relative to blood vessel 90).Bending threshold value or curvature threshold can be different in different directions, as in longitudinal axis, reference radius (reference radius of blood vessel 90 without any blocking 95) is very large, and reference radius (not blocking 95) is much smaller in this cross-sectional axis.Therefore, different emission parameters can be defined for these directions, and can be used in the zones of different of blocking 95, side by side or in a region of blocking 95 may sequentially and addedly applying simpler meticulous treatment.
In a non-limiting example, can be below canonical parameter for the bending threshold value in different situations of blocking.When having the coronary artery pathological changes of the radius between 0.1mm and 2mm, specific bending threshold value can be the about twice of pathology radius, or five times of pathology radius at the most, to realize the removing of more thoroughly pathology.Optical fiber 110 and equipment 100 can adjust according to the specific pathology treated with its removing or select.
When having the vascular lesion of the radius between 1mm and 10mm, specific bending threshold value can be the about twice of pathology radius, or five times of pathology radius at the most, to realize the removing of more thoroughly pathology.Optical fiber 110 and equipment 100 can adjust according to the specific pathology treated with its removing or select.
When the respiratory disease of the radius between having for little 0.5mm and 5mm blocked and the radius between having for 5mm and 20mm blocked greatly, specific bending threshold value can be the about twice of blocking radius, or be at most and block radius five times, to realize the removing of more thoroughly blocking.Optical fiber 110 and equipment 100 can adjust according to the specific pathology treated with its removing or select.
When having the gastrointestinal obstruction of the radius between 10mm and 100mm, specific bending threshold value can be the about twice of blocking radius, or blocks five times of radius at the most, to realize the removing of more thoroughly blocking.Optical fiber 110 and equipment 100 can adjust according to the specific pathology treated with its removing or select.
When the water pipe had between radius 50mm and 500mm or blow-off pipe block, specific bending threshold value can be the about twice of blocking radius, or blocks five times of radius at the most, to realize the removing of more thoroughly blocking.Optical fiber 110 and equipment 100 can adjust according to the specific pathology treated with its removing or select.
Equipment 100 can be a part for arterial duct system, and this system comprises flexible microscler component or conduit, and it has outside surface, is suitable for the remote area entering artery and the proximal end region controlled patient body by doctor from the blood vessel extension permission of patient.Be treatment of atherosclerosis assembly in the distal end regions of conduit, it can comprise suction and/or medication management surface and balloon expandable unit.
Figure 10 A and Figure 10 B schematically shows and launches the optical fiber 110 of subregion 120B, 120C and 120D according to three of having in emitting area of embodiments more of the present invention and use the hook-shaped equipment 100 of this optical fiber.Launch subregion 120B, 120C and 120D and have clad material 115B, 115C and 115D respectively, it is different from the clad material 115A in non-emissive subregion 120A, and respectively also can be different from each other in the characteristic of radiation 152B, 152C, 152A of launching.Such as, central authorities transmitting subregion 120B can be configured to and cuts and organizes, and outside is launched subregion 120C and 120D and be may be configured to radiation 152C and 152D that transmitting has a special parameter (such as, compared to different wavelength coverage, different bending threshold values and the varying strength of the radiation 152B launched) and to condense the side of cutting.
Figure 11 A-11E schematically shows the equipment 100 being configured to tweezers according to embodiments more of the present invention.That Figure 11 A and 11B respectively illustrates the opening of equipment 100, non-emissive position and active position.Optical fiber 110 is integrated in tweezers equipment 100 in the mode of the radiation-emitting from this bending area causing the treatment of the tissue handled by the bending of optical fiber 110 and improvement when organizing with equipment 100 process.Such as, optical fiber 110 can combine with of tweezers equipment 100 arm 310, and time on the second arm 311 optical fiber being pressed against tweezers equipment 100, fibre-optical bending may occur.Any one in the arm of tweezers can comprise outshot 313 and/or corresponding groove 312, to strengthen fibre-optical bending when being organized by tweezers 100 process.Pincer-like equipment 100 can comprise the curved surface feature being designed to control optical fiber 110 when contact tissue.Figure 11 C shows the tweezers equipment 100 with multiple optical fiber 110, and the plurality of optical fiber 110 can have different emission characteristicss, such as, be configured to the effect different to the organizations for the treatment of.
Therefore tweezers equipment 100 allow mechanically actuated, uses laser for cutting and organizing simultaneously.This transmitting depends on the degree of the power applied by doctor by the bending degree of the optical fiber 110 that obtains.Arm 310,311 is pressed together tightr, and the radiation of fibre-optical bending and transmitting just becomes larger.
Figure 11 C schematically shows in various degree bending being designed to the surf zone of arm 310,311 (i.e. jut 313 and groove 312) to cause when using tweezers optical fiber 110.The surface of arm can be designed to cause the different radiation intensity (because optical fiber 110 is bent with varying level) from optical fiber 110, and thus the treatment applying varying level to process tissue.Optical fiber parameter and arm surface parameter can be combined to induce along tweezers equipment 100 and variable treatment level and the effect of passing tweezers equipment 100.Such as, the more bending line in the centre in Figure 11 C may cause the more transmitting from central optical fiber 110 and thus cut and organize, and the less bending line in outside may only cause structural welding effect by the less bending of outer fibers 110.Figure 11 D illustrates a kind of embodiment, and it comprises other sensing optical fiber 315, and it can be used for the radiation controlling to be launched by optical fiber 110 by sensing the radiation level launched by optical fiber 110.When causing optical fiber 110 close to optical fiber 315 due to tweezers equipment 100 closed, and when do not organize hinder radiation path time, some the entered sensing optical fibers 315 in the radiation 152 of transmitting.The intensity of the radiation entered can be used for representing therapeutic efficiency, and provides the information of the tissue about process.Any other sensor can replace the external use of other optical fiber 315 or optical fiber 315 unless otherwise, such as can serviceability temperature sensor or impedance transducer.
That Figure 11 E and 11F respectively illustrates the opening of equipment 100, non-emissive position and active position.Optical fiber 110 is integrated in tweezers equipment 100 in the mode of the radiation-emitting from this bending area causing the treatment of the tissue handled by the bending of optical fiber 110 and improvement when organizing with equipment 100 process.Such as, optical fiber 110 can combine with of tweezers equipment 100 arm 310, and time on the second arm 311 optical fiber being pressed against tweezers equipment 100, fibre-optical bending may occur.In the embodiment shown in the drawing, pincer-like equipment 100 comprises an arm 320 and the second arm 322, and arm 320 is bending with rigidity, and the second arm 322 is flexible, and optical fiber 110 is attached to the second wall 322.Arm 320,322 can comprise end 321A, 321B of being bonded with each other respectively, and when equipment 100 totally-enclosed, end 321A, 321B engage.Optical fiber 110 can be arranged to launch in the final knee of flexible second arm 322.Multiple optical fiber embodiment can be designed to provide different organized processing effects.
In embodiments, optical fiber 110 can reach the end 321A of arm 322 and is used as end fire optical fiber (" direct laser ") in addition.
Figure 12 A and 12B schematically shows the equipment 100 with the backfeed loop for controlling the radiation 152 of launching according to embodiments more of the present invention.Such as, backfeed loop may be used for from the other sensing optical fiber 315 shown in Figure 11 D or other sensor sense data.Figure 12 A shows radiation source 70 and radiation detector 330, and radiation detector 330 is measuring radiation after the radiation 152 of launching is launched along optical fiber, with the degree of the radiation-emitting 152 determined and the degree therefore determining treatment.Radiation detector can be replaced by temperature sensor or strengthen.Figure 12 B shows the tweezers equipment 100 of the emitting area with optical fiber 110, and radiation is launched by from tweezers equipment 100.The data carrying out self-detector 330 can be used for controlling such as activating, wavelength coverage and the radiation parameter of intensity and the parameter of equipment 100---such as treating physician provides feedback, and the electronic parameter etc. of modifier 100.Detecting device 330 can measure the change in bending emitted radiation 152 by the natural trend of the refractive index of the tissue of generation when tissue is solidified or cuts.
Figure 13 schematically shows the optical fiber 110 with multiple transmitting subregion 120B, 120C, 120D, 120E and 120F in emitting area according to embodiments more of the present invention.Launch subregion and can be designed to have different bending threshold values, with the specific distribution making the emissive porwer from optical fiber 110 have the surrounding relative to emitting area.Such as, central subsector may have minimum bending threshold value (namely maximum threshold bend radius) with first with launch for such as cutting treatment the most by force, and periphery subregion may have higher bending threshold value (namely less threshold bend radius) finally and weaker to launch the tissue treatment for not strengthening, such as, solidify or weld treatment.In embodiments, the configuration of launching subregion can around central subsector 120D symmetry.
Launch distribution except providing, equipment 100 and optical fiber 110 can be designed to applying power thereon and the intensity correlation of radiation 152, because larger power produces stronger the bending of optical fiber 110, cause stronger radiation.Such design can strengthen the sensation provided by equipment 100, and makes this sensation more be similar to the mechanically cutting of a coventional scalpel.
Figure 14 schematically shows the equipment 100 for cutting vessel according to embodiments more of the present invention.Equipment 100 comprises fixed arm 340 (such as hook) and comprises the cutting arm of the optical fiber 110 selectively supported by supporting construction 141, and makes the second fixed arm 345 of target 95 (as blood vessel) and optical fiber 110 and its contact stabilization.Cutting arm can comprise single optical fiber 110 (such as having the optical fiber 110 of multiple transmitting subregion as shown in fig. 13 that) or selectively be attached to the multifiber 110 with similar or different characteristics of supporting construction 141.In embodiments, fixed arm 340 and 345 can be a part for the supporting construction of modification as pincer-like equipment 100.When fixed arm 340 surrounding target 95 (such as blood vessel) being pressed against cutting arm (being supported by the second fixed arm 345), the direct welding of the cutting of blood vessel 95 and the cutting tip of blood vessel 95 is such as performed by the activation of different treatment effects as above.Selectively, the cutting arm with the second fixed arm 345 can make blood vessel 95 be pressed against fixed arm 340, and arbitrary arm can emitted radiation with to blood vessel 95 application for the treatment of.
Figure 15 A and 15B show according to embodiments more of the present invention for by by equipment 100 by being pressed in therapeutic purpose equipment 100 in target 95.Equipment 100 can be similar to the tweezers equipment 100 shown in Figure 11 E and 11F and mechanically be configured to, and radiation is externally transmitted into the target 95 that equipment 100 is pressed against.Equipment 100 can have single arm 350, and this arm 350 supports optical fiber 110 and allows optical fiber 110 to make to bend according to institute's applied pressure and the form corresponding to target 95 when contact target 95.Such as, optical fiber 110 can loosely or be attached to the end of arm 350 movably, and optical fiber 110 can be flexible or some lengthen equipment 100 can be designed to provide when optical fiber 110 contacts with target 95 optical fiber 110.
The shown tweezers with arm 310 and 311,320 and 322,340 and 345 can be the embodiments of above-mentioned supporting construction 141.
In the above description, embodiment is example of the present invention or embodiment." embodiment ", the various appearances of " embodiment " or " some embodiments " differ to establish a capital and refer to identical embodiment.
Although various feature of the present invention can be described in the context of single embodiment, these features also can appropriately combinedly to provide individually or with any.On the contrary, although the present invention for the sake of clarity can describe with the background of the embodiment of separating in this article, the present invention also can realize in single embodiment.
Embodiment of the present invention can comprise the feature from above-mentioned disclosed different embodiments, and embodiment can comprise the element from other embodiments disclosed above.The disclosure in the background of specific embodiment of element of the present invention should not be understood to that limiting them only uses in certain embodiments.
In addition, it is also understood that the present invention can implement in every way or put into practice, and the present invention can be performed in the embodiment except the embodiment except general introduction in above description.
The present invention is not limited to these figure or describes accordingly.Such as, flow process does not need to move through each illustrated frame or state, or identical with the order described with explanation.
The implication of technology used herein and scientific terminology should the those of ordinary skill in field belonging to the present invention be understood usually, unless otherwise defined.
Although the present invention is described relative to the embodiment of limited quantity, these should not be interpreted as limitation of the scope of the invention, but preferably in the example of some.Also within the scope of the invention, scope of the present invention should not limited by the content described so far for other possible modification, amendment and application, but is limited by claims and legal equivalents thereof.

Claims (52)

1. an optical fiber, comprise the fibre core with refractive index and the covering with refractive index, described optical fiber has at least one appointed area of described covering, and at least one appointed area of described covering is arranged to when described fibre-optical bending being exceeded at least one appointed area place described the bending threshold value of specifying from described fibre core electromagnetic radiation-emitting.
2. optical fiber according to claim 1, it is asymmetric that wherein said covering is on xsect at least one appointed area described, and comprises at least one transmitting subregion and at least one non-emissive subregion.
3. optical fiber according to claim 2, at least one transmitting subregion wherein said has the refractive index larger than the refractive index of described covering.
4. optical fiber according to claim 3, the difference of at least one transmitting refractive index of subregion wherein said and the refractive index of described covering is greater than 0.1%.
5. optical fiber according to claim 2, at least one non-emissive subregion wherein said by micro-structural, with its effective refractive index is reduced to lower than described at least one launch the refractive index of subregion.
6. optical fiber according to claim 2, at least one non-emissive subregion wherein said by micro-structural, with to described at least one launch subregion guide radiation.
7. optical fiber according to claim 6, wherein the non-emissive subregion of at least one micro-structural comprises at least one in grid and airport.
8. optical fiber according to claim 2, wherein said optical fiber is asymmetric bragg fiber, asymmetric photonic crystal fiber or asymmetric holey fiber.
9. optical fiber according to claim 2, at least one transmitting subregion wherein said comprises at least two and launches subregions, launches subregions for these at least two and bends in threshold value different at it for the appointment of launching.
10. optical fiber according to claim 9, comprises the fibre core that at least one is other, and wherein said fibre core is launched subregion to be associated and at least one other fibre core described is associated with corresponding transmitting subregion to one.
11. optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein said covering is at least one appointed area place radially indentation described.
12. optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein said covering is included at least one circle segments at least one appointed area place described, at least one circle segments described have define described at least one launch subregion and the arc at plane place electromagnetic radiation-emitting.
13. optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein said fibre core is at least one appointed area described for asymmetric on xsect, and comprises at least one transmitting subregion and at least one non-emissive subregion.
14. optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein said fibre core is positioned in described optical fiber at least one appointed area place described asymmetrically, launches subregion and at least one non-emissive subregion to define at least one.
15. optical fiber according to claim 1, are selected from: real core fibre, hollow optical fiber, metal waveguide, bragg fiber and photonic crystal fiber.
16. optical fiber according to claim 1, also comprise coating.
17. optical fiber according to claim 16, wherein said coating lacks at least one appointed area described.
18. optical fiber according to claim 16, it is asymmetric that wherein said coating is on xsect at least one appointed area described, and comprises at least one transmitting subregion and at least one non-emissive subregion.
19. optical fiber according to claim 16, wherein said coating is included at least one circle segments at least one appointed area place described, at least one circle segments described have define described at least one launch subregion and the arc at plane place electromagnetic radiation-emitting.
20. optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein said covering is included at least one circle segments of the end of optical fiber, and at least one circle segments described has the arc at plane place electromagnetic radiation-emitting defining at least one end fire subregion.
21. optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein said covering is arranged to become asymmetric on xsect when applying strain at least one appointed area place described.
22. optical fiber according to claim 21, wherein said asymmetric be following at least one item: the refractive index of the form of described covering, the thickness of described covering and described covering.
23. optical fiber according to claim 21, wherein said asymmetric being configured to focuses on or strengthens the electromagnetic radiation of launching.
24. 1 kinds of equipment, comprising:
At least one optical fiber, it comprises at least one fibre core, and covering, each optical fiber has at least one appointed area of described covering, and at least one appointed area of described covering is arranged to when being exceeded by described fibre-optical bending at least one appointed area place described when appointment bends threshold value from described fibre core electromagnetic radiation-emitting; And
At least one light source, it is arranged through at least one optical fiber described to transmit electromagnetic radiation.
25. equipment according to claim 24, at least one optical fiber wherein said is formed as snare, and described snare is arranged to electromagnetic radiation-emitting in the plane defined by described snare.
26. equipment according to claim 25, also comprise the second appointed area, and described second appointed area is arranged to launch the electromagnetic radiation with specific characteristic at angle relative to the plane defined by described snare.
27. equipment according to claim 24, at least one optical fiber wherein said is bent at a certain angle, and described curved arrangement becomes electromagnetic radiation-emitting in the plane by described angular defining.
28. equipment according to claim 24, at least one optical fiber wherein said comprises the multiple optical fiber being in contractile stent-like structure.
29. equipment according to claim 24, at least one optical fiber wherein said associates with support.
30. equipment according to claim 24, at least one light source wherein said is configured to be activated by induction.
31. equipment according to claim 24, at least one light source wherein said comprises at least two light sources, and described at least two light sources are configured to transmit at least one treatment bundle and at least one guiding bundle by least one optical fiber described.
32. equipment according to claim 24, the end of at least one optical fiber wherein said is reflection.
33. equipment according to claim 24, the end of at least one optical fiber wherein said is arranged to emitted radiation.
34. equipment according to claim 24, are also included in the absorption cell of the end of at least one optical fiber described.
35. equipment according to claim 24, also comprise supporting construction, and described support structure configuration becomes to cause at least one fibre-optical bending described in the mode at target place electromagnetic radiation-emitting relative at least one optical fiber described in target localization.
36. equipment according to claim 35, wherein said supporting construction is relative to the opposite side of target being attached at least one optical fiber described.
37. equipment according to claim 35, wherein said supporting construction is sacculus, and at least one optical fiber described comprises the multiple optical fiber be wound around around described sacculus, and described inflated is become contact target to realize by curving through of wherein said optical fiber.
38. according to equipment according to claim 37, and wherein said target comprises at least one and blocks.
39. according to equipment according to claim 37, and wherein said multiple optical fiber is wound around with the configuration of at least one in below: perpendicular to, be parallel to or favour the longitudinal axis of described sacculus.
40. according to equipment according to claim 37, and wherein said multiple optical fiber is wound with the configuration of contractile shelf-like.
41. equipment according to claim 35, wherein said supporting construction is pincer-like.
42. equipment according to claim 41, the transmitting that at least one fiber arrangement wherein said becomes the supporting construction through pincer-like to apply and specifies distributes.
43. equipment according to claim 35, the supporting construction of wherein said pincer-like comprises the curved surface feature being designed to control at least one optical fiber described when contact tissue.
44. equipment according to claim 24, also comprise detecting device, and described detecting device is associated with at least one optical fiber described and is arranged to measure and indicate the radiation of launching.
45. 1 kinds of methods configured from fibre optical transmission, described method comprises the electromagnetic field radiation being arranged at least one appointed area in described optical fiber be carried from fibre core by the covering transmitting of described optical fiber when being exceeded by described fibre-optical bending at least one appointed area place described and specifying bending threshold value.
46. methods according to claim 45, wherein said layout comprises described covering to be configured to be on xsect at least one appointed area described and is asymmetric and comprises at least one and launch subregion and at least one non-emissive subregion, and by described at least one launch the effective refractive index n of subregion ebe arranged to than cladding index n mcloser to fiber core refractive index n k, to produce transmission when being exceeded by described fibre-optical bending at least one appointed area place described and specifying bending threshold value by least one transmitting subregion described.
47. methods according to claim 46, wherein arrange effective refractive index n erealized by least one in following: by n mchange over n e, make described covering indentation, make described covering micro-structural, described fibre core is positioned at asymmetrically or is prejudicially applied on described covering in described covering, by asymmetric coating and optical fiber is strained.
48. methods according to claim 45, also comprise: at least one appointed area described is configured to electromagnetic radiation-emitting in the plane defined by described optical fiber.
49. methods according to claim 45, also comprise and at least one optical fiber with at least one appointed area described be attached to supporting construction, and described support structure configuration is become with cause at least one fibre-optical bending described in the mode at target place electromagnetic radiation-emitting by least one optical fiber described relative to target localization.
50. 1 kinds remove the method for blocking, the method comprises at least one appointed area of at least one optical fiber to be applied to and blocks, and at least one appointed area described is arranged to launch by the covering of described optical fiber the electromagnetic radiation transmitted from fibre core when described optical fiber is bent over specifies bending threshold value at least one appointed area place described.
51. methods according to claim 50, wherein by making inflated by least one fiber optic applications described to blocking, at least one optical fiber described is attached to described sacculus against blocking, and specifies the bending of bending threshold value to produce exceeding of at least one optical fiber described at least one appointed area place described.
52. methods according to claim 50, at least one appointed area wherein said is configured to electromagnetic radiation-emitting in the plane defined by described optical fiber, and described application realizes by blocking by described crossing on the same level.
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JP2015510142A (en) 2015-04-02

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