CN104218255B - Lithium ion secondary battery electrolyte and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Lithium ion secondary battery electrolyte and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104218255B CN104218255B CN201410474937.2A CN201410474937A CN104218255B CN 104218255 B CN104218255 B CN 104218255B CN 201410474937 A CN201410474937 A CN 201410474937A CN 104218255 B CN104218255 B CN 104218255B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Abstract
The invention provides lithium ion secondary battery electrolyte and a preparation method thereof. The lithium ion secondary battery electrolyte comprises (1) 70-90wt% of a carbonate type organic solvent, (2) 8-20wt% of lithium salt and (3) 0.01-10.0wt% of an additive, wherein the additive is an organic compound comprising a group with the following structure described in the specification. The lithium ion secondary battery electrolyte comprises the carbonate solvent used by a lithium ion battery, the lithium salt taken as electrolysis salt, and the additive used for preventing the damage to a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) diaphragm layer so as to prevent the decomposition of the electrolyte caused by gas produced by the damage, so that the battery is prevented from being expanded since the gas is generated in the battery in the use process, and the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery is improved.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of lithium rechargeable battery electricity
Solution liquid and preparation method thereof.
Background technology:
Lithium-ion battery electrolytes will affect whole as one of critical material in lithium ion battery, its performance quality
The performance of individual performance of lithium ion battery.Therefore, produced problem or lithium ion to be improved during lithium ion battery uses will be solved
During battery performance, research worker, except paying close attention to performance and the feature of lithium ion battery plus-negative plate material, also can make great efforts to improve to be made
With lithium-ion battery electrolytes proportioning and preparation method.
Under normal circumstances, lithium-ion battery electrolytes are mainly made up of lithium salts LiPF6, organic solvent, additive three part.
Lithium salts LiPF6 has been widely used commercially, and the selection of organic solvent, can be according to different uses and lithium-ion electric
Cell body system, selects different organic solvents and their suitable ratios.Though additive is shared in lithium-ion battery electrolytes
Weight is less, but because function is clearly widely used and researchs and develops.Develop a series of markets on a large scale provide,
The competitive additive of steady quality, cost will be lithium electricity one important research direction of industry.
Lithium ion battery, during first charge-discharge, Carbon anode and the boundary of electrolyte reacts, is formed and cover
The passivation layer (SEI film) of carbon electrodes.Excellent SEI film has that organic solvent is insoluble it is allowed to lithium ion is freely in or out
Electrode and solvent molecule cannot pass through, thus stoping solvent molecule from inserting destruction to electrode altogether, improve the cycle efficieny of battery
With performances such as capacity.Add additive in the electrolytic solution to improve SEI film properties, such as add including ethylene carbonate
Ring-type C=C double bond carbonic ester forms skin covering of the surface as additive in negative terminal surface, to be improved with this and to export spy under high-multiplying power discharge
Property, improve cycle life.But this additive makes the high-temperature storage performance of battery and low temperature performance all poor.
How to prepare reliable in quality, high-temperature storage performance and low temperature performance all preferably battery electrolytes are given birth to then
The high-quality lithium ion battery of output, is realistic problem currently to be faced.
Content of the invention:
The present invention seeks to provide a kind of electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery and preparation method thereof, and it includes lithium ion battery
Carbonate solvent, the lithium salts as electrolytic salt and the destruction for preventing solid electrolyte interface (SEI film) layer being used,
Thus the additive of the electrolyte decomposition of the produced gas thus causing, thus prevent battery in use in battery
The cell expansion that the gas that portion produces causes, improves cycle performance of lithium ion battery.
A kind of electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery of the present invention, including:
1) carbonate based organic solvent of 70-90wt%,
2) lithium salts of 8-20wt%,
3) additive of 0.01%-10.0wt%;
Described additive includes following building stone Organic compound.
Electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery of the present invention, its described additive is preferably the double benzo of diphenylethyllene
Azoles4- bis- (benzoxazolyl group -2- base) naphthalene(1- neighbour's cyano styrene base, 4- is to cyano styrene base) benzene2.5- bis--bis- (benzothiazole -2-) thiopheneIn one or more and its homologue, the mixing being combined compounding formation adds
Agent.
Additive of the present invention be more preferably vinylene carbonate (VC), cyclohexyl benzene (CHB), in propane sulfonic acid
One or more of ester (PS), succinonitrile, adiponitrile.
Electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery of the present invention, its described battery is to use LiCoO2, LiMnO2,
LiMn2O4, LiNiO2At least one of or complex chemical compound LiM1xM2yO2As active material of positive electrode, crystallization or unbodied
Carbon or lithium are as active material of cathode, wherein M1And M2For metallic element, x and y is the rational number of 0-2.
Organic solvent of the present invention includes vinyl carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate
(DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), ethyl acetate (EA) any one or two or more mixed
Compound.
Lithium salts of the present invention is lithium hexafluoro phosphate, LiBF4, lithium perchlorate, dioxalic acid lithium borate, difluoro grass
Sour Lithium biborate, LiTFSI (two (trifluoromethane sulfonic acid) imine lithium) any one or more.
It is another object of the present invention to the preparation method of electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery, the method is entered according to the following steps
OK:
1) take above-mentioned carbonate based organic solvent, be placed in container and be sufficiently mixed;
2) and then by lithium salts it is gradually added 1) in molten device described in step, stirring makes it fully dissolve, and obtains mixed solution;
3) again to 2) in mixed solution described in step, add the existing routine accounting for electrolyte weight percentage ratio 0.0-10% to add
Plus agent, it is sufficiently stirred for, obtain basic type electrolyte;
4) prepared by the present invention described in additive, be then added to 3) in basic type electrolyte described in step, stirring makes
It fully dissolves, that is, obtain battery electrolyte of the present invention.
The present invention provides a kind of nonaqueous electrolytic solution for lithium rechargeable battery, thus preventing battery in use
The cell expansion that the gas producing from inside battery causes, improves cycle performance of lithium ion battery.
The present invention realizes lithium-ion battery electrolytes modularized production and use, electrolyte be divided into lithium salts, organic solvent,
Several module such as additive, according to demand on the basis of plain edition lithium-ion battery electrolytes, the interpolation containing functional group for the coupling
Agent;Lithium salts used by the present invention is as electrolytic salt.
The present invention introduces and contains
Deng functional group compound, battery high-temperature storge quality, low temperature performance and multiplying power discharging property is made to be improved;Chain Double bond, is conducive to the perfect of SEI membrane structure;Form SEI
In membrane process, phenyl ring is fixed onThere is preferable effect to battery core anti-over-charging and abuse.Introduce and stablize in molecule knot
How group in structureWill not dissociate in the electrolytic solution as routine individually anti-overcharge additive, be conducive to thus
Avoid the side effect to battery capacity for the anti-process additive.Introduce fixing-CN group in the molecular structure, introduce nitrogenous containing
The nitrogenous oxygen containing unsaturated group of sulfurOn the one hand lithium ion battery battery can be balanced
Element in solution liquid, can form SEI membrane component simultaneously.
Add additive of the present invention in electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery of the present invention, lithium-ion electric can be greatly improved
Overcharge and expansion is prevented under high rate discharge under the properties in pond, such as service life, low temperature, high-temperature stability, high temperature
Etc..The additive that electrolyte of the present invention uses can also be used to prevent the destruction of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer
And thus the produced gas that causes, thus preventing battery in use, the gas that produces from inside battery causes
Cell expansion, improves cycle performance of lithium ion battery, makes battery high-temperature storge quality, low temperature performance and multiplying power discharging property
It is improved.
A kind of raising cycle performance of battery electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery that the present invention provides, this electrolyte introduces benzene
Vinyl, benzoxazolyl group, naphthyl, adjacent cyano group, thiophene, realize nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen with electrolyte component equilibrium, realize insatiable hunger
With group, the equilibrium that is conjugated group, is conducive to organic group.
Specific embodiment:With reference to specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail it should be understood that this
Invention foregoing general description and specific embodiment below are exemplary and explanat, for claimed invention
Further explanation is provided.
For realizing the invention described above purpose, the present invention prepares lithium rechargeable battery using the raw material of following percentage by weight
Electrolyte:
Account for the organic solvent combination of battery electrolyte 70-90%, the lithium salts as electrolytic salt of 8-20% and combination, 0-
10% conventional additives and combination, i other words can add the additive of the routine of aforementioned proportion in battery electrolyte of the present invention
Or it is not added with conventional additives, then add adding prepared by the present invention accounting for battery electrolyte 0.01%-10.0wt%
Plus agent.
Wherein said organic solvent includes vinyl carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate
(DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), ethyl acetate (EA) etc. any one or two or more
Mixture;
Institute can be lithium hexafluoro phosphate, LiBF4, lithium perchlorate, dioxalic acid lithium borate, difluoro oxalate using lithium salts
Lithium biborate, LiTFSI (two (trifluoromethane sulfonic acid) imine lithium) etc., preferably lithium hexafluoro phosphate.
Conventional additives used in the present invention are such as:In vinylene carbonate (VC), cyclohexyl benzene (CHB), propane sulfonic acid
Ester (PS), succinonitrile, adiponitrile etc.;And add additive of the present invention.
A kind of nonaqueous electrolytic solution for lithium rechargeable battery of the present invention, it uses LiCoO2, LiMnO2, LiMn2O4,
LiNiO2At least one of or complex chemical compound LiM1xM2yO2As active material of positive electrode, crystallization or unbodied carbon or lithium are made
For active material of cathode, wherein M1And M2For metallic element, x and y is the rational number of 0-2, and this electrolyte includes:Comprise at least one
The mixed solvent planting carbonate solvent is as solvent;At least one is selected from lithium salts LiPF6, LiBF4, LiClO4, LiN (S02CF3) and
LiN(S02CF2CF3)2As electrolytic salt;And include the following building stone of formula Make
For additive.In electrolyte, contained additive capacity is 0.01%-10.0wt.%.The preferably double benzothiazole of diphenylethylleneIsosorbide-5-Nitrae-two (benzoxazolyl group -2- base) naphthalene
(1- neighbour's cyano styrene base, 4- is to cyano styrene base) benzene
2.5- bis--bis- (benzothiazole -2-) thiopheneDeng in one or more and its homology
Thing, is combined the compounding additive package that formed and uses additive for the present invention.
A kind of preparation method of electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery of the present invention, is carried out according to the following steps:
Step one:Take the organic solvent accounting for percentage by weight 70%-88%, be placed in container and be sufficiently mixed;
Step 2:Then the lithium salts accounting for percentage by weight 8%-18% is taken to be slowly added into, stirring makes it fully dissolve;
Step 3:Add the conventional additives accounting for percentage by weight 0.0%-10%, be sufficiently stirred for, obtain basic type electricity
Solution liquid.
Step 4:Take and account for additive and the combination that percentage by weight 0.01%-10% contains functional group of the present invention, add step
In three basic type electrolyte, stirring makes it fully dissolve, that is, obtain respective battery electrolyte of the present invention.
Comparative example 1
By lithium salts LiPF6The mixing being dissolved in ethylene carbonate/Ethyl methyl carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (mass ratio 1/1/1) is molten
Solvent, wherein LiPF is obtained in agent6Concentration is 1.0mol/L, obtains contrasting electrolyte.
Comparative example 2
Identical method according to comparative example 1 prepares electrolyte, except for the difference that adds gross mass to calculate on this basis and adds
The vinylene carbonate (VC) plus 1.0%, obtains contrasting electrolyte.
Embodiment 1
Identical method according to comparative example 2 prepares electrolyte, except for the difference that adds on this basis.This solution is pressed
Electrolyte gross mass calculates adds the double benzothiazole of each 0.5% diphenylethyllene
Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-two (benzoxazolyl group -2- base) naphthalene(1- neighbour's cyano styrene base, 4- pair
Cyano styrene base) benzene2.5- bis--bis- (benzothiazole -2-) thiophene
FenObtain electrolyte of the present invention.
Embodiment 2
Identical method according to comparative example 2 prepares electrolyte, except for the difference that adds on this basis.This solution is pressed
Electrolyte gross mass calculates adds the double benzothiazole of each 0.5% diphenylethyllene
Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-two (benzoxazolyl group -2- base) naphthalene(1- neighbour's cyano styrene base,
4- is to cyano styrene base) benzeneObtain electrolyte of the present invention.
Embodiment 3
Identical method according to comparative example 2 prepares electrolyte, except for the difference that adds on this basis.This solution is pressed
Electrolyte gross mass calculates adds the double benzothiazole of each 0.5% diphenylethyllene1,
4- bis- (benzoxazolyl group -2- base) naphthaleneObtain present invention electrolysis
Liquid.
Embodiment 4
Identical method according to comparative example 2 prepares electrolyte, except for the difference that adds on this basis.This solution is pressed
Electrolyte gross mass calculates adds the double benzothiazole of 0.5% diphenylethyllene?
To electrolyte of the present invention.
Embodiment 5
Identical method according to comparative example 2 prepares electrolyte, except for the difference that adds on this basis.This solution is pressed
Electrolyte gross mass calculates adds each 0.5%1,4- bis- (benzoxazolyl group -2- base) naphthalene
(1- neighbour's cyano styrene base, 4- is to cyano styrene base) benzene
2.5- bis--bis- (benzothiazole -2-) thiopheneObtain electrolyte of the present invention.
Embodiment 6
Identical method according to comparative example 2 prepares electrolyte, except for the difference that adds on this basis.This solution is pressed
Electrolyte gross mass calculates adds each 0.5%1,4- bis- (benzoxazolyl group -2- base) naphthalene
(1- neighbour's cyano styrene base, 4- is to cyano styrene base) benzene?
To electrolyte of the present invention.
Embodiment 7
Identical method according to comparative example 2 prepares electrolyte, except for the difference that adds on this basis.This solution is pressed
Electrolyte gross mass calculates interpolation 0.5%1,4- bis- (benzoxazolyl group -2- base) naphthalene?
To electrolyte of the present invention.
Embodiment 8
Identical method according to comparative example 2 prepares electrolyte, except for the difference that adds on this basis.This solution is pressed
Electrolyte gross mass calculates adds each 0.5% (1- neighbour's cyano styrene base, 4- is to cyano styrene base) benzene2.5- bis--bis- (benzothiazole -2-) thiopheneObtain electrolyte of the present invention.
Embodiment 9
Identical method according to comparative example 2 prepares electrolyte, except for the difference that adds on this basis.This solution is pressed
Electrolyte gross mass calculates interpolation 0.5% (1- neighbour's cyano styrene base, 4- is to cyano styrene base) benzeneObtain electrolyte of the present invention.
Embodiment 10
Identical method according to comparative example 2 prepares electrolyte, except for the difference that adds on this basis.This solution is pressed
Electrolyte gross mass calculates adds 0.5%2.5- bis--bis- (benzothiazole -2-) thiopheneObtain
Electrolyte of the present invention.
In each composition proportion row and table 1 in embodiment 1~10 and comparative example 1~2
Normal-temperature circulating performance is tested:
Test the cycle performance of battery using Shenzhen new prestige cell tester.
Electrolyte after comparative example 1, the configuration with all examples for the comparative example 2 is injected the nominal capacity with batch same model
In 1300mAh aluminum-shell battery, test battery normal temperature environment under 3.0-4.2V carries out the cycle performance test of 1C.All comparative examples
Compare Data Comparison such as following table with thickness before and after embodiment normal temperature circulation capability retention and circulation:
Conclusion explanation:Followed by the discharge and recharge of embodiment each in table and the lithium battery electrolytes of comparative example nonaqueous electrolytic solution preparation
Ring performance test data illustrates, the lithium-ion battery electrolytes battery prepared by nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention is in 3.0-4.2V, 1C
The cycle life of rate charge-discharge and cell thickness expansion rate are substantially better than the lithium ion prepared by comparative example nonaqueous electrolytic solution
Battery.And, embodiment 1 therein even more has extremely significantly excellent in terms of circulating battery conservation rate and cell expansion degree
Gesture.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery, including:1) carbonate based organic solvent of 70-90wt%, 2) 8-20wt%
Lithium salts, 3) additive containing functional group of 0.01%-10.0wt%, 4) existing routine less than or equal to 10.0wt%
Additive,
It is characterized in that the described additive containing functional group is:The double benzothiazole of diphenylethylleneIsosorbide-5-Nitrae-two (benzoxazolyl group -2- base) naphthalene(1- neighbour's cyano styrene base, 4- is to cyano styrene base)
Benzene2.5- bis--bis- (benzothiazole -2-)
ThiopheneOne or more of be combined the mixing of compounding formation
Additive.
2., according to the electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery described in claim 1, it is characterized in that described existing conventional additives are
One or more of vinylene carbonate, cyclohexyl benzene, propane sultone, succinonitrile, adiponitrile.
3., according to the electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery described in claim 1, it is characterized in that described battery uses LiCoO2,
LiMnO2, LiMn2O4, LiNiO2At least one of or complex chemical compound LiM1xM2yO2As active material of cathode, crystallization or no
The carbon of setting or lithium are as active material of positive electrode, wherein M1And M2For metallic element, x and y is the rational number of 0-2.
4., according to the electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery described in claim 1, it is characterized in that described organic solvent includes ethylene carbon
Any one or two kinds in acid esters, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate with
On mixing.
5. according to the electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery described in claim 1, it is characterized in that described lithium salts be lithium hexafluoro phosphate, four
Any one or more in lithium fluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, dioxalic acid lithium borate, difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium, LiTFSI.
6. a kind of method of the electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery prepared described in claim 1, it is characterized in that methods described by with
Lower step is carried out:
1) take described carbonate based organic solvent, be placed in container and be sufficiently mixed;
2) and then by lithium salts it is gradually added 1) in carbonate based organic solvent described in step, stirring makes it fully dissolve, and must mix molten
Liquid;
3) again to 2) in mixed solution described in step, add existing conventional additives, be sufficiently stirred for, obtain basic type electrolyte;
4) the described additive containing functional group being then added to 3) in basic type electrolyte described in step, stirring makes it fill
Divide dissolving, that is, obtain electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery.
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CN108172894B (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2019-04-26 | 骆驼集团新能源电池有限公司 | A kind of high temperature resistant type lithium titanate battery and its chemical conversion aging method |
CN111162318B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-06-17 | 天目湖先进储能技术研究院有限公司 | Lithium ion battery electrolyte containing thiophene conjoined compound |
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CN1465117A (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-12-31 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Non aqueous electrolyte and secondary cell using the same |
CN102403535A (en) * | 2011-12-01 | 2012-04-04 | 香河昆仑化学制品有限公司 | Non-water electrolyte for high-voltage lithium ion battery and preparation method |
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EP1256996A4 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2008-01-23 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | Lithium secondary cell |
CN100505409C (en) * | 2006-01-11 | 2009-06-24 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Electrolyte and lithium ion battery containing the electrolyte and preparation method thereof |
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CN1465117A (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-12-31 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Non aqueous electrolyte and secondary cell using the same |
CN102403535A (en) * | 2011-12-01 | 2012-04-04 | 香河昆仑化学制品有限公司 | Non-water electrolyte for high-voltage lithium ion battery and preparation method |
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Address after: 344300 Jiangxi city of Fuzhou province houfa Le'an County Industrial Park Patentee after: Jiangxi Jinhui lithium materials Limited by Share Ltd Address before: 336000 Yichun economic and Technological Development Zone, Yichun, Jiangxi Province, No. 21 Patentee before: YICHUN JINHUI NEW ENERGY MATERIALS CO., LTD. |
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