CN104216728A - Method for connecting USB network card, USB network card and PC - Google Patents

Method for connecting USB network card, USB network card and PC Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104216728A
CN104216728A CN201310219834.7A CN201310219834A CN104216728A CN 104216728 A CN104216728 A CN 104216728A CN 201310219834 A CN201310219834 A CN 201310219834A CN 104216728 A CN104216728 A CN 104216728A
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Prior art keywords
descriptor
configuration information
network card
usb network
windows system
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CN201310219834.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
卢翠玲
邓庆田
马少峰
张楠
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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Priority to CN201310219834.7A priority Critical patent/CN104216728A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2013/081897 priority patent/WO2013189388A2/en
Publication of CN104216728A publication Critical patent/CN104216728A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • G06F9/4401Bootstrapping
    • G06F9/4406Loading of operating system

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for connecting a USB network card, the USB network card and a PC. The method comprises the steps that after the USB network card is connected into the PC for power-on operation, an equipment descriptor and a configuration descriptor are reported according to the request of the PC; the PC receives and selects configuration information supporting a current operation system according to the equipment descriptor and the configuration descriptor, and an equipment driver corresponding to the configuration information is loaded. Through the method for connecting the USB network card, the USB network card and the PC, the problem that in the drive-free scheme, the wireless network can be connected through file installation and mode switching can be solved, and user experience is improved.

Description

A kind of method, USB network card and PC accessing USB network card
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of embedded technology, particularly relate to the method for a kind of access USB (universal serial bus) (Universal Serial BUS is called for short USB) network interface card, USB network card and PC.
Background technology
Along with the continuous maturation of USB technology, USB Microsoft Loopback Adapter becomes a kind of usual way of interconnection network with plug and play and warm connection function.The USB network card early stage of development, that is sold to user together with USB product also has a CD, this CD provides CM (Connection Manager, connection manager) software and driver, driver is for driving USB network card, and CM software is supplied to the access interface of user's networking and note, phone directory etc.
This mode can produce hardware cost undoubtedly above, and each USB network card will attach a CD.Therefore in order to solve this drawback, after have employed USB virtual optical disk mechanism.USB network card accesses computing machine first, what present to user is a virtual CD, CM installation procedure and drive installation program has been deposited in CD media, after user installation, USB network card can be carried out a pattern and be switched, be switched to normal mode of operation, user can be communicated with USB network card by the CM software installed.This mode is the most widely used a kind of use-pattern of current USB network card above, but this mode still can exist certain problem, is exactly compatibling problem and Consumer's Experience the most significantly.
Compatibling problem shows: the system that user uses has MAC system and all windows systems, and be likely also Linux, single needle, to windows, with regard to there being a lot of yellow exclamation problem, causes port to use; Certainly also have a lot of portless, cannot network and handoff failure problem, all relevant with specific system.Consumer's Experience shows: owing to will install CM software and driving, user must wait for that the regular hour (several minutes) could use this data card.
For above deficiency, have developed free drive USB network card at present.Free drive USB network card is actual is the advantage of having used the Ethernet card driving that windows system and MAC system and linux system carry, network interface card is reported into RNDIS (Remote Network Driver Interface Specification, remote network driver interface specification) and ECM (Ethernet Control Model, Ethernet Controlling model) equipment, carry this kind of device drives in operating system, thus achieve free drive.But for windows system, RNDIS drives needs boot files equipment of helping to install and drives, and therefore still needs to have more installation steps, relates to installation, just can't do without virtual drive and pattern switching, the free drive is therefore not free drive truly yet.For MAC and linux system, receiving Article 1 SCSI (Small Computer System Interface, minicomputer system special purpose interface) instruction time judge whether to receive OS (Operating System, operating system) descriptor, do not receive OS descriptor, so be switched to ECM mode, but this switching time is more late, must load MS (Microsoft) drive and CD-ROM drive driving, and compact disk equipment there will be and then disappears, user can perceive this change, Consumer's Experience is convenient is not very good, and owing to having phone directory and short message service, some access interfaces of user must be given, so free drive equipment has also carried out the installation of CM software.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of method, USB network card and the PC that access USB network card, to realize free drive access of radio network.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of method accessing USB network card, comprising:
After USB network card access PC carries out power on operation, according to the request of described PC, reporting equipment descriptor and configuration descriptor;
Described PC receives and supports the configuration information of current operation system according to described device descriptor and described configuration descriptor selecting, loads the device drives corresponding with this configuration information.
Further, said method also has feature below: described PC supports the configuration information of current operation system according to described device descriptor and described configuration descriptor selecting, loads the device drives corresponding with this configuration information, comprising:
As described in PC current operation system be windows system, then described PC sends the configuring request asked for and support windows system to described USB network card;
Described USB network card reports the configuration information supporting windows system to described PC;
After described PC obtains word string descriptor from described configuration information, issue the request obtaining Microsoft's extended attribute feature descriptor to described USB network card;
Described USB network card receives the backward described PC of described request and reports Microsoft's extended attribute feature descriptor;
After described PC receives described Microsoft extended attribute feature descriptor, load corresponding device drives according to described Microsoft extended attribute feature descriptor.
Further, said method also has feature below: the configuration information of described support windows system comprise following any one:
Remote network driver interface specification configuration information, read-only optical disc configuration information and human interface device configuration information.
Further, said method also has feature below: described Microsoft extended attribute feature descriptor comprises:
Expansion compatible ID feature descriptor and extended attribute feature descriptor.
Further, said method also has feature below: described PC supports the configuration of current operation system according to described device descriptor and described configuration descriptor selecting, loads the device drives corresponding with this configuration, comprising:
As described in PC current operation system be non-windows system, then described PC sends the request of asking for the configuration supporting non-windows system to described USB network card;
Described USB network card reports the configuration information supporting non-windows system to described PC;
Described PC loads the device drives corresponding with this configuration information.
Further, said method also has feature below: the configuration information of described non-windows system comprises:
Ethernet Controlling model device configuration information.
In order to solve the problem, present invention also offers a kind of USB network card, wherein, comprise:
Data memory module, for storage hardware vendor equipment information, comprising many cover configuration informations with and descriptor information;
Information reporting module, for accessing after PC carries out power on operation, according to the request of described PC, reporting equipment descriptor and configuration descriptor.
Further, above-mentioned USB network card also has feature below:
Described information reporting module, also for receive that described PC sends ask for the configuring request supporting windows system after, report the configuration information supporting windows system to described PC; Receive after described PC issues the request obtaining Microsoft extended attribute feature descriptor, report Microsoft's extended attribute feature descriptor to described PC.
Further, above-mentioned USB network card also has feature below:
The configuration information of described support windows system comprise following any one:
Remote network driver interface specification configuration information, read-only optical disc configuration information and human interface device configuration information,
Described Microsoft extended attribute feature descriptor comprises:
Expansion compatible ID feature descriptor and extended attribute feature descriptor.
Further, above-mentioned USB network card also has feature below:
Described information reporting module, also for receive described PC send ask for the configuring request supporting non-windows system after, report the configuration information supporting non-windows system to described PC.
Further, above-mentioned USB network card also has feature below: the configuration information of described non-windows system comprises:
Ethernet Controlling model device configuration information.
In order to solve the problem, present invention also offers a kind of PC, wherein, comprise:
Data reception module, for receiving and supporting the configuration information of current operation system according to described device descriptor and described configuration descriptor selecting;
Load-on module, for loading the device drives corresponding with this configuration information.
In a preferred embodiment, described data reception module, specifically for when operating system be windows system, the configuring request asked for and support windows system is then sent to USB network card, receive the configuration information of the support windows system that described USB network card reports, obtain word string descriptor from described configuration information after, issue the request obtaining Microsoft's extended attribute feature descriptor to described USB network card, receive Microsoft's extended attribute feature descriptor that described USB network card reports;
Described load-on module, specifically for loading corresponding device drives according to described Microsoft extended attribute feature descriptor.
In a preferred embodiment, described data reception module, specifically for being non-windows system when operating system, then, after asking for USB network card transmission the configuring request supporting non-windows system, receive the configuration information of the non-windows system of support that described USB network card reports;
Described load-on module, specifically for loading the device drives corresponding with this configuration information.
To sum up, the invention provides a kind of method, USB network card and the PC that access USB network card, can solve in above-mentioned free drive scheme need to carry out file installation and pattern switch could the problem of access of radio network, promote Consumer's Experience.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the system of the access USB network card of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the method for the access USB network card of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of the method for the access USB network card of the present invention one specific embodiment.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, hereinafter will be described in detail to embodiments of the invention by reference to the accompanying drawings.It should be noted that, when not conflicting, the embodiment in the application and the feature in embodiment can combination in any mutually.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the system of the access USB network card of the embodiment of the present invention, and the system of the present embodiment comprises: USB device side (i.e. USB network card) and PC, wherein,
USB network card comprises two modules: information reporting module and data memory module, wherein,
Data memory module is responsible for the storage of hardware vendor's facility information, comprising device hardware manufacturer's information, many cover configuration informations and characteristic descriptor information;
Information reporting module in charge and PC come into contacts with, and control request to USB device side when PC side sends USB, information reporting module reads corresponding data from data memory module, replies to PC.
Particularly, information reporting module, after may be used for access PC carrying out power on operation, according to the request of described PC, reporting equipment descriptor and configuration descriptor.
Described information reporting module, can also be used for receiving described PC sends ask for the configuring request supporting windows system after, report the configuration information supporting windows system to described PC; Receive after described PC issues the request obtaining Microsoft extended attribute feature descriptor, report Microsoft's extended attribute feature descriptor to described PC.
Described information reporting module, can also be used for receiving described PC sends ask for the configuring request supporting non-windows system after, report the configuration information supporting non-windows system to described PC.
PC side can comprise two functional modules: data reception module and load-on module, wherein,
Data reception module is responsible for the information reporting module communication with USB device side, and the information that USB side reports is stored in data reception module;
Load-on module provides a kind of special mechanism, can pass through the key assignments in edit the registry, can by the data placement received to the position of specifying.
In a preferred embodiment, described data reception module, specifically may be used for when operating system is windows system, the configuring request asked for and support windows system is then sent to USB network card, receive the configuration information of the support windows system that described USB network card reports, obtain word string descriptor from described configuration information after, issue the request obtaining Microsoft's extended attribute feature descriptor to described USB network card, receive Microsoft's extended attribute feature descriptor that described USB network card reports;
Described load-on module, specifically may be used for loading corresponding device drives according to described Microsoft extended attribute feature descriptor.
In a preferred embodiment, described data reception module, specifically for being non-windows system when operating system, then, after asking for USB network card transmission the configuring request supporting non-windows system, receive the configuration information of the non-windows system of support that described USB network card reports;
Described load-on module, specifically for loading the device drives corresponding with this configuration information.
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the method for the access USB network card of the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in Figure 2, the method for the present embodiment can comprise:
After S11, USB network card access PC carries out power on operation, according to the request of described PC, reporting equipment descriptor and configuration descriptor;
S12, described PC receive and support the configuration information of current operation system according to described device descriptor and described configuration descriptor selecting, load the device drives corresponding with this configuration information.
Like this, free drive access of radio network can be realized by the method for the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of the method for the access USB network card of the present invention one specific embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, can comprise the following steps:
Step 101, first USB network card access PC, carries out power on operation.
Step 102, USB network card receives the request of the acquisition descriptor that PC sends, and carries out reporting of device descriptor, and wherein last representative of device descriptor is set to the number configuring descriptor.
Device descriptor is used for describing the overall information of USB device, such as, equipment class belonging to equipment, subclass information, the configurable number that supplier information and equipment are supported, configuration descriptor describes this and configures the interface number and Configuration Values supported.
Step 103, PC sends the USB request obtaining configuration descriptor, and USB network card carries out reporting of many cover configuration descriptors.
For windows system, Microsoft OS descriptor is that IHV (Independent Hardware Vendors) provides a kind of storage in equipment firmware and is called as the method for the various vendor specific information of description of OS feature descriptor.Be often also do not assign to suitable class and subclass code for the equipment realizing new feature type, IHV can avoid this problem by the mode in firmware information being stored as expansion compatible ID (identifier) OS feature descriptor.Then Microsoft just can get this information when USB device is inserted, and utilizes it to help to determine that will load which acquiescence drives.Some the extra information or the attribute that are supplied to OS are needed for manufacturer, can be stored in extended attribute OS feature descriptor.
Therefore for Windows system, first USB network card will be selected oneself to need to be embodied as which kind of device type, can directly self be reported as RNDIS equipment or CDROM or HID (human interface device) device type, prerequisite is the driving having carried these equipment in microsoft system.
The USB network card of the present embodiment needs to support Microsoft OS descriptor (OS word string descriptor and OS feature descriptor).OS word string descriptor is stored in community string index community 0xEE position.When OS obtains word string descriptor, by reporting the bMS_VendorCode of non-zero, (this is a field in the middle of descriptor to USB network card, it is the coding of each manufacturer definition, be supplied to microsoft operation system identification) and meet the definition of Microsoft to OS word string descriptor, so operating system will issue OS feature descriptor further.
The present embodiment supports two kinds of feature descriptors, expansion compatible ID feature descriptor and extended attribute feature descriptor.OS feature descriptor can carry the longest data for 16Mb size, and this size can to place more any data messages that those hardware vendors want to provide.Expansion compatible ID characteristic descriptor finds compatible system drive with helping OS, and extended attribute descriptor is used for carrying out the storage of some specific informations, such as UI (user interface) file, shortcut etc.
If the data length that equipment will provide is greater than the maximum length 64K that a USB asks to obtain, so operating system can read remaining part automatically.
For windows system, comprise the following steps:
Step 104.1, windows system is not supported to overlap configuration more, so only ask for first set configuration, namely RNDIS configuration information, or other operating systems can provide the device type of driving.
PC sends the request of acquisition configuration descriptor and asks for, and RNDIS configuration information is returned to PC by USB network card.
For the windows system of more than XP, RNDIS drives and is system drive, as long as provide correct characteristic descriptor, drives and just can automatically load, meet the free drive aim of the present embodiment.XP system is owing to there being some leaks, RNDIS drives and can not automatically load, the equipment side of the present embodiment provides special extended attribute descriptor, by inf file (index file of driving) and other information copy to assigned catalogue, therefore also can accomplish free drive.
Step 104.2, the driving layer of USB network card carries out reporting of RNDIS configuration information or CDROM (read-only optical disc) configuration information or HID (human interface device) configuration information, comprise a communication interface and an equipment interface in configuration information, also comprise necessary function descriptors in addition.
Step 104.3, PC obtains the word string descriptor of 0xEE position, bMS_VendorCode value is write in registration table, and then operating system can issue GET_MS_DESCRIPTOR (obtaining Microsoft's extended attribute feature descriptor).
The driving layer of USB network card reports characteristic descriptor immediately, if the data length deposited in USB network card equipment side buffer zone is greater than the maximum sexadecimal number 0xFF of a byte, operating system can constantly go to read remaining data, and data length is to the last less than 0xFF.
Step 104.4, for the characteristic descriptor that USB network card reports, expansion compatible ID is used to guide operating system and loads corresponding device drives, and each attribute section of extended attribute characteristic descriptor, can instruct operating system to do a series of action, such as, store information to the position of formulation, create shortcut, edit the registry etc., this a series of action can complete the installation of web UI and PC UI
The operating system of PC and USB device go to step 106 after completing remaining information interaction.
The position that the UI needing to install and other information transmission are specified to PC (PC) side by the mechanism of Microsoft OS descriptor by operating system, so just achieve the Auto-mounting reporting UI and other mount messages in process in USB device, reporting and mode handover procedure of virtual optical disk equipment that need not be unnecessary, substantially increase Consumer's Experience, decrease the generation of compatibling problem.
Such as, for non-windows system, MAC system and linux system, do not support Microsoft's descriptor, but support that polygamy is put, it is exactly that USB network card equipment can be configured to two kinds of mode of operations that so-called polygamy is put, and specifically embodies in device descriptor and configuration descriptor.
First, bNumConfigurations (configuration descriptor number in device descriptor, a field of descriptor) the value equipment number that needs the equipment that is set to support, first set configuration and second are overlapped configuration store in usb protocol stack by equipment, first set is configured to the RNDIS port mode supporting windows system, and the second cover is configured to the ECM mode supporting non-windows system.
Operating system can identify first set configuration information after obtaining two cover configurations, if do not have the system drive of mating, so checks the second cover configuration, if there is the system drive of coupling, so will use the second cover configuration.
Doing so avoids from compact disk equipment to ECM equipment or utilize Microsoft's descriptor judge operating system after just carry out the drawback of port switching, can the loading reporting and drive of completing port within the shortest time.
For non-windows system, relative windows is more simple, can comprise the following steps:
Step 105.1, the number of the configuration descriptor that non-windows system can report according to device descriptor, asks for one by one.
Then pattern match is carried out to multiple configuration descriptors that USB network card equipment provides, if there is corresponding driving, so loads upper corresponding system drive, if do not had, so do not install.
Present embodiments provide two cover configurations, a set of for windows system, be RNDIS equipment, a set of is non-windows system, is the equipment complex of ECM+ CD.
Non-windows system can select the second cover configuration automatically.
Step 105.2, USB device carries out reporting of ECM and CD equipment complex again.
Non-windows system can be asked for one by one to many cover configurations, and the configuration descriptor index that USB device is asked for according to system reports.
Reporting as ECM+ CD mainly in order to place some softwares in compact disk equipment, can allow some functions of user's usage data card more easily, such as phone directory, note etc.If certainly only surfed the Net merely, upper declaration form ECM equipment is also passable, as long as equipment side is networked after being set to connect PC automatically.
After PC receives and reports, carry out which configuration of choice for use according to whether there being the activation bit of corresponding a few cover configuration in system.Because non-windows system does not support that RNDIS drives, so PC loads ECM automatically and compact disk equipment drives, user according to the installation having needed software in CD of oneself, can carry out networking operation afterwards.
Step 106, complete and wholely enumerate flow process, USB network card is ready, enters normal mode of operation.
For the RNDIS equipment mentioned in above-described embodiment and ECM equipment, other device types that other system provides driving can be converted to.
This specific implementation method, include but not limited to the extended attribute feature descriptor using RNDIS, ECM equipment, Microsoft, similar techniques all comprises within scope of the present invention.
The all or part of step that one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that in said method is carried out instruction related hardware by program and is completed, and described program can be stored in computer-readable recording medium, as ROM (read-only memory), disk or CD etc.Alternatively, all or part of step of above-described embodiment also can use one or more integrated circuit to realize.Correspondingly, each module/unit in above-described embodiment can adopt the form of hardware to realize, and the form of software function module also can be adopted to realize.The present invention is not restricted to the combination of the hardware and software of any particular form.
These are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention; certainly; the present invention also can have other various embodiments; when not deviating from the present invention's spirit and essence thereof; those of ordinary skill in the art are when making various corresponding change and distortion according to the present invention, but these change accordingly and are out of shape the protection domain that all should belong to the claim appended by the present invention.

Claims (14)

1. access a method for USB network card, comprising:
After USB network card access PC carries out power on operation, according to the request of described PC, reporting equipment descriptor and configuration descriptor;
Described PC receives and supports the configuration information of current operation system according to described device descriptor and described configuration descriptor selecting, loads the device drives corresponding with this configuration information.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: described PC supports the configuration information of current operation system according to described device descriptor and described configuration descriptor selecting, loads the device drives corresponding with this configuration information, comprising:
As described in PC current operation system be windows system, then described PC sends the configuring request asked for and support windows system to described USB network card;
Described USB network card reports the configuration information supporting windows system to described PC;
After described PC obtains word string descriptor from described configuration information, issue the request obtaining Microsoft's extended attribute feature descriptor to described USB network card;
Described USB network card receives the backward described PC of described request and reports Microsoft's extended attribute feature descriptor;
After described PC receives described Microsoft extended attribute feature descriptor, load corresponding device drives according to described Microsoft extended attribute feature descriptor.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the configuration information of described support windows system comprise following any one:
Remote network driver interface specification configuration information, read-only optical disc configuration information and human interface device configuration information.
4. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described Microsoft extended attribute feature descriptor comprises:
Expansion compatible ID feature descriptor and extended attribute feature descriptor.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: described PC supports the configuration of current operation system according to described device descriptor and described configuration descriptor selecting, loads the device drives corresponding with this configuration, comprising:
As described in PC current operation system be non-windows system, then described PC sends the request of asking for the configuration supporting non-windows system to described USB network card;
Described USB network card reports the configuration information supporting non-windows system to described PC;
Described PC loads the device drives corresponding with this configuration information.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the configuration information of described non-windows system comprises:
Ethernet Controlling model device configuration information.
7. a USB network card, is characterized in that, comprising:
Data memory module, for storage hardware vendor equipment information, comprising many cover configuration informations with and descriptor information;
Information reporting module, for accessing after PC carries out power on operation, according to the request of described PC, reporting equipment descriptor and configuration descriptor.
8. USB network card as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that:
Described information reporting module, also for receive that described PC sends ask for the configuring request supporting windows system after, report the configuration information supporting windows system to described PC; Receive after described PC issues the request obtaining Microsoft extended attribute feature descriptor, report Microsoft's extended attribute feature descriptor to described PC.
9. USB network card as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that:
The configuration information of described support windows system comprise following any one:
Remote network driver interface specification configuration information, read-only optical disc configuration information and human interface device configuration information,
Described Microsoft extended attribute feature descriptor comprises:
Expansion compatible ID feature descriptor and extended attribute feature descriptor.
10. USB network card as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that:
Described information reporting module, also for receive described PC send ask for the configuring request supporting non-windows system after, report the configuration information supporting non-windows system to described PC.
11. USB network card as claimed in claim 10, is characterized in that: the configuration information of described non-windows system comprises:
Ethernet Controlling model device configuration information.
12. 1 kinds of PC, is characterized in that, comprising:
Data reception module, for receiving and supporting the configuration information of current operation system according to described device descriptor and described configuration descriptor selecting;
Load-on module, for loading the device drives corresponding with this configuration information.
13. PC as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that:
Described data reception module, specifically for when operating system be windows system, the configuring request asked for and support windows system is then sent to USB network card, receive the configuration information of the support windows system that described USB network card reports, obtain word string descriptor from described configuration information after, issue the request obtaining Microsoft's extended attribute feature descriptor to described USB network card, receive Microsoft's extended attribute feature descriptor that described USB network card reports;
Described load-on module, specifically for loading corresponding device drives according to described Microsoft extended attribute feature descriptor.
14. PC as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that:
Described data reception module, specifically for being non-windows system when operating system, then, after asking for USB network card transmission the configuring request supporting non-windows system, receives the configuration information of the non-windows system of support that described USB network card reports;
Described load-on module, specifically for loading the device drives corresponding with this configuration information.
CN201310219834.7A 2013-06-03 2013-06-03 Method for connecting USB network card, USB network card and PC Withdrawn CN104216728A (en)

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Application publication date: 20141217