CN104216039A - Optical metamaterial capable of achieving asymmetric broadband transmission - Google Patents
Optical metamaterial capable of achieving asymmetric broadband transmission Download PDFInfo
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- CN104216039A CN104216039A CN201410504704.2A CN201410504704A CN104216039A CN 104216039 A CN104216039 A CN 104216039A CN 201410504704 A CN201410504704 A CN 201410504704A CN 104216039 A CN104216039 A CN 104216039A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical metamaterial capable of achieving asymmetric broadband transmission. The optical metamaterial capable of achieving asymmetric broadband transmission is composed of structural units which are distributed on an XY plane in a periodic mode; every structural unit is composed of a silicon dioxide substrate, an upper layer metal bar unit and a lower layer metal bar unit, wherein the upper layer metal bar unit and the lower layer metal bar unit are connected into the silicon dioxide substrate and vertically distributed along the OZ axis; every layer of the metal bar unit is composed of a first metal bar and a second metal bar which are in no contact, and the length of the first metal bar is larger than that of the second metal bar; the first metal bar of every upper layer metal bar unit coincides with the second metal bar of the corresponding lower layer metal bar unit along the OZ axis, and the second metal bar of the upper layer metal bar unit coincides with the first metal bar of the lower layer metal bar unit along the OZ axis. The optical metamaterial capable of achieving asymmetric broadband transmission can achieve asymmetric transmission of polarized light within a broadband range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the super Material Field of optics, specifically, relate to a kind of optics metamaterials that can realize the asymmetric transmission in broadband.
Background technology
Metamaterials (English is: Metamaterials, also claims super material) is that a class has special nature, the non-existent artificial composite material of occurring in nature.By the design of certain material being carried out on crucial physical size, obtain various useful artificial microstructures, the existence of these microstructures can break through the restriction of some nature material and then change light or the original transport property of electromagnetic wave, and this ultimate principle of reversibility that for example can break light path obtains the one-way transmission of light.On the other hand, we can, according to the electromagnetic needs of difference, design the metamaterials with corresponding function.
In recent years, metamaterials more and more causes people's concern, and different types of special device is also applied to different fields gradually.At present, metamaterials generally has certain chirality feature, is then referred to as the super material of chirality.The super material of chirality is generally comprised of the element (or being called artificial atom or artificial " molecule ") that can break the sub-wavelength yardstick of Mirror Symmetry.The asymmetry of chiral material can cause circular dichroism, the asymmetric transmission of the polarization conversion of polarized light or light.
When asymmetric transmission refers to incident light respectively from the front and back incident of a certain material, the transmitted light total amount or the polarization state that see through this material are different.This is that Mirror Symmetry due to the super material of chirality is broken, so when incident light sees through this material in opposite direction, material is different to polarisation of light conversion effect, and then has caused different light transmission effects (being asymmetric transmission).
Proposition along with asymmetric transmission, the asymmetric transmission that the paper that < < Physical review letters > > periodical has been delivered C.Menzel seminar has proposed to realize linearly polarized light can realize again the chiral structure [C.Menzel.PRL of the asymmetric transmission of circularly polarized light, Vol.104,253902 (2010)].In order better to obtain the asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized light or circularly polarized light, and then the metamaterials of different structure has been proposed.Although prior art right title transmission is studied, the width that increases broadband remains the nowadays target of research, is also to need one of problem solving for controlling of broadband range simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters: technical matters to be solved by this invention is: a kind of optics metamaterials that can realize the asymmetric transmission in broadband is provided, and this optics metamaterials can be realized the asymmetric transmission of polarized light in broadband range.
Technical scheme: for solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Can realize an optics metamaterials for the asymmetric transmission in broadband, this optics metamaterials is in XY plane by structural unit periodically arranges and forms; A summit of getting a structural unit bottom surface is O point, and two bases crossing this summit are respectively OX axle and OY axle; Limit perpendicular to these two bases is OZ axle; Each structural unit is by silicon dioxide substrates, and the metal bar unit, upper strata and the lower metal rod unit that are connected in silicon dioxide substrates form; Metal bar unit, upper strata and lower metal rod unit are laid up and down along OZ axle; Every layer of metal bar unit comprises first metal bar and second metal bar, the first metal bar does not contact with the second metal bar, the length of the first metal bar is greater than the length of the second metal bar, the width of the first metal bar equals the width of the second metal bar, and the thickness of the first metal bar equals the thickness of the second metal bar; The second metal bar in the first metal bar in metal bar unit, upper strata and lower metal rod unit overlaps along OZ axle, and the first metal bar in the second metal bar in metal bar unit, upper strata and lower metal rod unit overlaps along OZ axle; In metal bar unit, upper strata, the axial angle α of the first metal bar and OX
1with the second metal bar and the axial angle α of OX
2not etc.
Further, described α
1=55 °, α
2=35 °.
Further, in described structural unit, silicon dioxide substrates is connected between metal bar unit, upper strata and lower metal rod unit.
Further, described metal bar is made by silver, copper, aluminium or gold.
Further, described metal bar unit, upper strata and lower metal rod unit are along the spacing g=80nm of OZ axle; In metal bar unit, upper strata, between the center of gravity of the first metal bar and the center of gravity of the second metal bar along the spacing d=240nm of OX axle, the length a of the first metal bar
1=350nm, the width w=100nm of the first metal bar, the thickness t=100nm of the first metal bar, the length a of the second metal bar
2meet: 0nm < a
2< 350nm.
Further, described structural unit has chirality feature.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, technical scheme of the present invention has following beneficial effect: this optics metamaterials can be realized the asymmetric transmission of polarized light in broadband range, and broadband range is adjustable.Optics metamaterials of the present invention, this optics metamaterials is in XY plane by structural unit periodically arranges and forms; Each structural unit is by silicon dioxide substrates, and the metal bar unit, upper strata and the lower metal rod unit that are connected in silicon dioxide substrates form; Metal bar unit, upper strata and lower metal rod unit are laid up and down along OZ axle; Every layer of metal bar unit comprises first metal bar and second metal bar, and the length of the first metal bar is greater than the length of the second metal bar; The second metal bar in the first metal bar in metal bar unit, upper strata and lower metal rod unit overlaps along OZ axle, and the first metal bar in the second metal bar in metal bar unit, upper strata and lower metal rod unit overlaps along OZ axle.The periodic structure that this metamaterials is comprised of the first different metal bar of two kinds of length and the second metal bar, neither has the Rotational Symmetry in x-y plane, does not also have the Mirror Symmetry about z-plane.Utilize the chirality feature of this metamaterials, can in a broadband, change incident polarized state of light, when the incident light of x (y) polarization sees through this metamaterials along OZ axle positive dirction and OZ axle negative direction respectively, the major part of transmitted light is converted to y (x) polarization, and then can realize the asymmetric transmission in broadband.In addition, by changing the length of the second metal bar, regulate the width of bandwidth, to meet the demand of the right title transmission bandwidth of practical application.When the second metal bar length changes, its eelctric dipole mode resonance frequency changes, and then regulates the width in broadband.The advantages such as this metamaterials has easy realization, easily controls, and wide, the asymmetric conversion efficiency of responding range is high, be widely used.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of a structural unit in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that a structural unit in the present invention is along the axial skeleton view of OZ.
Fig. 4 is the present invention while propagating along OZ axle positive dirction, the transmission coefficient figure that x polarized light and the incident of y polarized light obtain.
Fig. 5 is the present invention while propagating along OZ axle negative direction, the transmission coefficient figure that x polarized light and the incident of y polarized light obtain.
Fig. 6 is x polarized light incident when of the present invention, along OZ axle positive dirction and OZ axle total transmittance comparison diagram in the other direction.
Fig. 7 is y polarized light incident when of the present invention, along OZ axle positive dirction and OZ axle total transmittance comparison diagram in the other direction.
Fig. 8 is corresponding asymmetric transmission transmissivity schematic diagram under condition shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 9 is corresponding asymmetric transmission transmissivity schematic diagram under condition shown in Fig. 8.
When Figure 10 is the length difference of b, the asymmetric transmission schematic diagram that the incident of x polarized light is corresponding.
In figure, have: structural unit 1, silicon dioxide substrates 2, metal bar unit, upper strata 3, lower metal rod unit 4, the first metal bar 5, the second metal bar 6.
Embodiment
For clearer explanation technical scheme of the present invention and good effect, below technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, a kind of optics metamaterials that can realize the asymmetric transmission in broadband of the present invention, is in XY plane by structural unit 1 periodically and arranges and form.Structural unit has chirality (chirality) feature.A summit of getting the bottom surface of a structural unit is O point, and two bases crossing this summit are respectively OX axle and OY axle, perpendicular to the limit on these two bases, is OZ axle.XY plane is exactly the common residing plane of OX axle and OY axle.Each structural unit is by silicon dioxide substrates 2, and the metal bar unit 3, upper strata and the lower metal rod unit 4 that are connected in silicon dioxide substrates form.Metal bar unit 3, upper strata and lower metal rod unit 4 are laid up and down along OZ axle.Every layer of metal bar unit comprises first metal bar 5 and second metal bar 6, the first metal bar 5 does not contact with the second metal bar 6, the length of the first metal bar 5 is greater than the length of the second metal bar 6, the width of the first metal bar 5 equals the width of the second metal bar 6, and the thickness of the first metal bar 5 equals the thickness of the second metal bar 6.The first metal bar 5 and the second metal bar 6 are made by silver, copper, aluminium or gold.The second metal bar 6 in the first metal bar 5 in metal bar unit, upper strata and lower metal rod unit overlaps along OZ axle, and the first metal bar 5 in the second metal bar 6 in metal bar unit, upper strata and lower metal rod unit overlaps along OZ axle.In metal bar unit, upper strata, the axial angle α of the first metal bar 5 and OX
1with the second metal bar 6 and the axial angle α of OX
2not etc.
As preferably, described α
1=55 °, α
2=35 °.When deflection angle is this angle, the orthogonal polarization conversion ratio of linearly polarized light and the width in broadband are optimum.
Further, in described structural unit, silicon dioxide substrates 2 is connected between metal bar unit 3, upper strata and lower metal rod unit 4.As another kind of structure, metal bar unit 3, upper strata and lower metal rod unit 4 also can be embedded in silicon dioxide substrates 2 completely.
Further, described metal bar unit 3, upper strata and lower metal rod unit 4 are along the spacing g=80nm of OZ axle; In metal bar unit, upper strata, between the center of gravity of the first metal bar 5 and the center of gravity of the second metal bar 6 along the spacing d=240nm of OX axle, the length a of the first metal bar 5
1=350nm, the width w=100nm of the first metal bar 5, the thickness t=100nm of the first metal bar 5, the length a of the second metal bar 6
2meet: 0nm < a
2< 350nm.
Optics metamaterials of the present invention can adopt micro-nano process technology (for example focused-ion-beam lithography, the methods such as electron beam lithography) to be prepared.Take focused-ion-beam lithography as example, and in the upper and lower of silicon dioxide liner bottom material, depositing metal films, etches the first metal bar and the second metal bar on upper strata, forms metal bar unit, upper strata 3; In lower floor, etch the second metal bar and the first metal bar, form lower metal rod unit.
In the present invention, the English full name broadband asymmetric transmission of the asymmetric transmission in broadband.Asymmetric transmission is asymmetric transmission.The asymmetric transmission in broadband refers in a quite wide frequency range and can realize: when incident light sees through certain metamaterials in the other direction along OZ axle positive dirction and OZ axle respectively, the total amount of the transmitted light detecting is different.
Optics metamaterials of the present invention, relates to the asymmetric transmission in broadband of linearly polarized light.The periodic structure that this metamaterials is comprised of the first different metal bar of two kinds of length and the second metal bar, neither has the Rotational Symmetry in x-y plane, does not also have the Mirror Symmetry about z-plane.Utilize the chirality feature of this metamaterials, can in a broadband, change incident polarized state of light, when the incident light of x (y) polarization sees through this metamaterials in the other direction along OZ axle positive dirction and OZ axle respectively, the major part of transmitted light is converted to y (x) polarization, and then can realize the asymmetric transmission in broadband.In addition, by changing the length of the second metal bar, can also regulate the responding range of asymmetric transmission, further realize the control to bandwidth.The advantages such as this metamaterials has easy realization, easily controls, and wide, the asymmetric conversion efficiency of responding range is high, be widely used.
The optics metamaterials of said structure, when light passes through this specific materials, because this structure neither has the Rotational Symmetry in XY plane, do not there is the Mirror Symmetry of Z direction yet, and the eelctric dipole mode resonance of the first metal bar 5 appears at low frequency place, the eelctric dipole mode resonance of the second metal bar 6 appears at high frequency treatment, the near field plasmon (plasmons) of metal bar unit, upper strata and lower metal rod unit is coupled, and makes these two kinds of resonance responses, at sub-wavelength range scale, interaction occur and forms the asymmetric transmission in broadband.By changing the length of the second metal bar, regulate the width of bandwidth, to meet the demand of the right title transmission bandwidth of practical application.When the second metal bar 6 length change, its eelctric dipole mode resonance frequency changes, and then regulates the width in broadband.The present invention can be by controlling the orthogonal polarization conversion of length adjustment linearly polarized light of the second metal bar 6 and the bandwidth of asymmetric transmission, can obtain according to actual needs containing microwave THz wave asymmetric transport property under the different frequency range such as light wave.
In the optics metamaterials of said structure, structural unit has chirality feature, neither has the symmetry of (OZ axle) in transmission direction, does not also have the rotational symmetry in X-Y plane.When polarizing light irradiation arrives this structural unit, optical transmission coefficient can represent with Jones matrix
Wherein, t
xxthe transmission coefficient that represents x polarization incident x polarization transmission; t
xythe transmission coefficient that represents y polarization incident x polarization transmission; t
yxthe transmission coefficient that represents x polarization incident y polarization transmission, t
yythe transmission coefficient that represents y polarization incident y polarization transmission.Conversion and the asymmetric transmission of the polarization state of this expression mode during for the incident of analytical line polarized light provide easy method.
Fig. 3 is that single structure unit is along the skeleton view of OZ axle negative direction.In Fig. 3, the solid box that is arranged in the left side represents the first metal bar of metal bar unit, upper strata, be arranged in the second metal bar of the empty wire frame representation lower metal rod unit on the left side, the less solid box that is arranged in the right represents the second metal bar of metal bar unit, upper strata, and the larger solid box that is arranged in the right represents the first metal bar of lower metal rod unit.Wherein, the length of the first metal bar is a
1=350nm, the length of the second metal bar is a
2=150nm, the width of two kinds of metal bars is w=100nm, and thickness is t=100nm.
To thering is the structural unit of parameter described in Fig. 3, carry out the Electromagnetic Simulation software simulation test based on Finite Difference-Time Domain separating method.Getting incident light is x polarized light and y polarized light, respectively along OZ axle positive dirction and the incident in the other direction of OZ axle.Analogue simulation test findings as shown in Figures 4 and 5.In Fig. 4, four curves represent that x polarized light and y polarized light inject four matrix element values in the Jones matrix that specific structure detects along OZ axle positive dirction (+k).In Fig. 5, four curves represent four matrix element values in Jones matrix that x polarized light and y polarized light detect when (k) is injected into specific structure along OZ axle in the other direction.From Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, can find out: when along OZ axle positive dirction (+k) incident, at 160THz, to y polarized light within the scope of 255THz, can be converted into x polarized light, and conversion ratio is up to 70%, and x polarized light only just can have identical effect when along the incident in the other direction of OZ axle.
Comparison diagram 4 and Fig. 5 can obtain:
Wherein, f represents that incident light is along OZ axle positive dirction (forward) transmission, and b represents that incident light is along (backward) transmission in the other direction of OZ axle.
For the total transmittance of linearly polarized light incident x polarized light and y polarized light, by formula T
x=| t
xx|
2+ | t
yx|
2, T
y=| t
yy|
2+ | t
xy|
2represent.In conjunction with above-mentioned analogue simulation test figure, while obtaining x polarized light along OZ axle positive dirction and the incident in the other direction of OZ axle, total transmittance as shown in Figure 6.Y polarized light is during along the incident in the other direction of OZ axle positive dirction and OZ axle, and total transmittance as shown in Figure 7.In conjunction with Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, linearly polarized light is during along OZ axle positive dirction and the incident of OZ axle negative direction, and total transmittance does not overlap between 255THz at 160THz.This explanation is in this broadband range, and the transmission of linearly polarized light has obvious asymmetric feature.
With reference to Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, Fig. 8 is the difference Δ T of the transmissivity of the asymmetric transmission of correspondence under Fig. 6 condition
x, its expression formula is
Fig. 9 is the difference Δ T of the asymmetric transmission transmissivity of correspondence under Fig. 7 condition
y, its expression formula is
Comparison diagram 8 and Fig. 9 can draw: the difference size of the transmissivity of the asymmetric transmission that the incident of x polarized light and the incident of y polarized light obtain is identical, and its difference is 0.4, and can in a broadband, keep stable.By ask the method for difference, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 further to prove that this specific structure can realize the asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized light in a quite wide broadband range to total transmittance.
Optics metamaterials of the present invention, by controlling the length of the second metal bar, can control the bandwidth of one-way transmission.In order better to illustrate by controlling the length of the second metal bar, can control the bandwidth of one-way transmission, the difference of the transmissivity of asymmetric transmission when Figure 10 has provided the incident of x polarization.In Figure 10, horizontal ordinate represents frequency, the THz of unit, and ordinate represents the size of transmissivity difference.As can be seen from Figure 10: when the length of the second metal bar constantly reduces (0nm < a
1< 350nm) time, Δ T
xmaximal value constant, but meet peaked frequency range and constantly increase, the bandwidth of asymmetric transmission constantly increases.
Above-mentioned experimental demonstration be the asymmetric transmission in broadband of optical band, only need to structural parameters be done and simply suitably be adjusted, those skilled in the art can realize the asymmetric transmission in broadband of microwave section.
Although by reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described in detail above; but not it is limited; above-mentioned embodiment is only exemplary; those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can not depart from the scope situation that aim of the present invention and claim protect; some part is wherein modified or replaced; and these modifications and replacement; the spirit and scope that do not depart from embodiment of the present invention technical scheme, within all belonging to protection of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the optics metamaterials that can realize the asymmetric transmission in broadband, is characterized in that, this optics metamaterials is periodically and is arranged and form by structural unit (1) in XY plane; A summit of getting a structural unit bottom surface is O point, and two bases crossing this summit are respectively OX axle and OY axle; Limit perpendicular to these two bases is OZ axle; Each structural unit is by silicon dioxide substrates (2), and the metal bar unit, upper strata (3) and the lower metal rod unit (4) that are connected in silicon dioxide substrates form; Metal bar unit, upper strata (3) and lower metal rod unit (4) are laid up and down along OZ axle; Every layer of metal bar unit comprises first metal bar (5) and second metal bar (6), the first metal bar (5) does not contact with the second metal bar (6), the length of the first metal bar (5) is greater than the length of the second metal bar (6), the width of the first metal bar (5) equals the width of the second metal bar (6), and the thickness of the first metal bar (5) equals the thickness of the second metal bar (6); The second metal bar (6) in the first metal bar (5) in metal bar unit, upper strata and lower metal rod unit overlaps along OZ axle, and the first metal bar (5) in the second metal bar (6) in metal bar unit, upper strata and lower metal rod unit overlaps along OZ axle; In metal bar unit, upper strata, the axial angle α of the first metal bar (5) and OX
1with the second metal bar (6) and the axial angle α of OX
2not etc.
2. according to the optics metamaterials that can realize the asymmetric transmission in broadband claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described α
1=55 °, α
2=35 °.
3. according to the optics metamaterials that can realize the asymmetric transmission in broadband claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described structural unit, silicon dioxide substrates (2) is connected between metal bar unit, upper strata (3) and lower metal rod unit (4).
4. the optics metamaterials that can realize the asymmetric transmission in broadband according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described metal bar is made by silver, copper, aluminium or gold.
5. the optics metamaterials that can realize the asymmetric transmission in broadband according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described metal bar unit, upper strata (3) and lower metal rod unit (4) are along the spacing g=80nm of OZ axle; In metal bar unit, upper strata, between the center of gravity of the first metal bar (5) and the center of gravity of the second metal bar (6) along the spacing d=240nm of OX axle, the length a of the first metal bar (5)
1=350nm, the width w=100nm of the first metal bar (5), the thickness t=100nm of the first metal bar (5), the length a of the second metal bar (6)
2meet: 0nm < a
2< 350nm.
6. the optics metamaterials that can realize the asymmetric transmission in broadband according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described structural unit (1) has chirality feature.
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| CN106356637A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-01-25 | 东北石油大学 | Orthogonal polarization converter on basis of novel artificial electromagnetic materials |
| CN106987812A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-07-28 | 陕西师范大学 | A kind of single rectangular hole gold nanometer film of the asymmetric transmission of regulation and control and preparation method thereof |
| CN108445571A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-08-24 | 陕西师范大学 | A kind of single layer micro-nano structure and preparation method thereof of enhancing asymmetric transmission |
| CN105742826B (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2018-10-19 | 重庆大学 | The asymmetric Meta Materials that can be absorbed near infrared band utilization method promise resonant check |
| CN108793068A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-13 | 电子科技大学中山学院 | Preparation method of double-layer rectangular hole micro-nano structure capable of generating asymmetric transmission |
| CN109557607A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-02 | 中山科立特光电科技有限公司 | A kind of Y shape micro-nano structure |
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| CN106356637A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-01-25 | 东北石油大学 | Orthogonal polarization converter on basis of novel artificial electromagnetic materials |
| CN106987812A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-07-28 | 陕西师范大学 | A kind of single rectangular hole gold nanometer film of the asymmetric transmission of regulation and control and preparation method thereof |
| CN108445571A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-08-24 | 陕西师范大学 | A kind of single layer micro-nano structure and preparation method thereof of enhancing asymmetric transmission |
| CN108793068A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-13 | 电子科技大学中山学院 | Preparation method of double-layer rectangular hole micro-nano structure capable of generating asymmetric transmission |
| CN109557607B (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2021-07-13 | 东阳振东科技服务有限公司 | Y-shaped micro-nano structure |
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| CN111948750A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-11-17 | 北京理工大学 | Metamaterial polarization conversion device with chiral optical activity |
| CN111948750B (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2022-05-13 | 北京理工大学 | Metamaterial polarization conversion device with chiral optical activity |
| CN114740562A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-07-12 | 曲阜师范大学 | T-shaped optical diode capable of realizing dual-band polarization conversion |
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