CN104210009B - A kind of method controlling fiberboard Vertical density gradient - Google Patents
A kind of method controlling fiberboard Vertical density gradient Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method controlling fiberboard Vertical density gradient, by to Vertical density gradient optimal control, pre-hardening thickness can be eliminated, improve top layer, core concentration, strengthen timber intensity, the inventive method uses alkaline solution increase the surface moisture content of slab and delay the formation of surperficial pre-hardening thickness, the pre-heat treatment is carried out to slab, regulate slab Vertical density gradient, profile density distribution in " U " type of the fiberboard sheet material adopting heat pressing process to prepare, eliminate pre-hardening thickness, save follow-up sanding process; Sheet material top layer, core concentration are improved, and intensity is high; The sheet material adopting the inventive method to prepare, not only saves raw material, reduces production cost, but also improve the quality of fiberboard sheet material and the utilization rate of timber resources.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optimisation technique of Wood-based Panel Production technique, particularly a kind of method of optimal control fiberboard Vertical density gradient, belongs to wood processing technique field.
Background technology
Vertical density gradient refers to sheet material Density Distribution in a thickness direction, and Vertical density gradient is artifical board material, particularly a very important architectural feature of fiberboard, and it affects the physical and mechanical property of sheet material.Because conventional multilayer hot press producd fibers plate process generally adopts based on pressure controlled hot pressing curve, be unfavorable for the regulation and control of hot pressing slab internal stress, and in close stage, top layer adhesive rapid curing, fiber compressive rate is very little, easy formation pre-hardening thickness, therefore, the Vertical density gradient formed is in significantly " M " type structure (also claiming saddle-shaped configuration) distribution: pre-hardening thickness is blocked up, core concentration is relatively low, watch core layer transitional period thickness is excessive, makes plate property on the low side, and the ratio of strength to weight (i.e. the intensity of sheet material and the ratio of weight) is low.Therefore, the Vertical density gradient of " M " type structure is reasonable not, and need the later stage by thicker pre-hardening thickness sanding, removal, core concentration is low, causes the internal bond strength of sheet material low.The fiberboard of produced in conventional processes all produces the soft pre-hardening thickness of about 3mm in both side surface, needs to remove with sander, wastes the large content of starting materials such as fiber, glue, pollutes.
Fiberboard Vertical density gradient might not be more evenly better, and also not necessarily gradient is the bigger the better, and the Vertical density gradient curve needed for the fiberboard of different purposes is also different.Desirable fiberboard Vertical density gradient has two kinds: one is the comparatively uniform sheet material of Vertical density gradient, being referred to as all close fiberboard, being applicable to the middle low density fiberboard when needing plastic veneer clad can; Another kind is that top layer density is high, core concentration is low and the sheet material be evenly distributed, and is referred to as " U " type Vertical density gradient fiberboard, adopts the sheet material of this Vertical density gradient can obtain the very high ratio of strength to weight." U " type Vertical density gradient fiberboard is compared with the sheet material of " M " type Vertical density gradient, features such as " eliminate surperficial low density area and make sandwich layer Vertical density gradient more even " that " U " type Vertical density gradient fiberboard has, make under the condition of identical averag density, top layer density and core concentration are all improved, thus improve the intensity of sheet material.Conventional thermocompression technique is adopted to be difficult to realize this object.Therefore, research and development new technology is needed to go to eliminate surperficial low density area and homogenising sandwich layer Vertical density gradient.
Flat-press process hot pressing medium density fibre board (MDF) generally adopts finger gauge to control slab thickness, and traditional hot pressing can be divided into slab compression stage, slab thickness keeps stage and 3 stages of release.Winistorfer utilizes the change of online measuring density system research medium density fibre board (MDF) hot pressing Vertical density gradient, show that the Vertical density gradient of medium density fibre board (MDF) is mainly formed at the slab compression stage later stage and slab thickness keeps early stage in stage, thickness keeps the impact of stage on Vertical density gradient limited.The thickness in slab compression stage and early stage thickness maintenance stage regulates and controls significant to the Vertical density gradient of medium density fibre board (MDF).WangSQ adopts the heat pressing process of sectional compression slab successfully to produce the comparatively uniform sheet material of core concentration distribution, but due to slab compression time is very short and slab to bear effective compressed thickness of pressure very little, be difficult to realize accurate control.Therefore, the slab compression stage of hot pressing is formed significant to Vertical density gradient, is difficult to Simulation and prediction again simultaneously; For common multidaylight press, the THICKNESS CONTROL of slab compression process cannot be realized, therefore be difficult to the Vertical density gradient effectively controlling sheet material.
Conventional thermocompression technique in theory through improvement can manufacture desirable " U " type Vertical density gradient fiberboard.But because the fibrous mechanical property difference of different tree species and form is larger, conventional thermocompression technique is as a kind of process operation of pressure leading type, its process arranges itself and brings very large uncertainty to hot pressing, such as: the uncertainty of pressurization closing speed, the uncertainty of pressurization closing time, the setting of high-pressure lack foundation, ignore the effect etc. of moisture content, and technological parameter is difficult to reasonable and stable determination simultaneously.Therefore in order to keep the stability of heat pressing process and produce " U " type Vertical density gradient fiberboard, conventional thermocompression technique should be revised, realize elimination and the core concentration distribution uniformity of pre-hardening thickness.Pre-hardening thickness technology for eliminating mainly comprises: reduce surperficial heating rate, slow down surface adhesive solidification and improve the methods such as surface fiber plasticity.
The conventional method increasing the surface moisture content of sheet material reduces the pre-hardening thickness of sheet material at present, but too high moisture content easily forms too low core concentration and the hot pressing such as bubbling, layering defect, and employing layering is mated formation, the slab of different water cut not only increases technology difficulty, and be difficult to the regulation and control and the measurement that immediately realize fiber moisture, therefore layering mat formation different water cut fiber be difficult in actual production operation.Adopt the technique of surface sprinkling, surface sprinkling can make at hot pressing mesexine moisture content higher than sandwich layer, produce " steam impringement " effect, the effect similar to steam injection hot pressing is obtained with this, thus shorten pressing cycle, reduce surperficial low density area thickness, improve the quality of products, but this technology makes sheet material core concentration reduce further, reduce internal bond strength.
The such as patent No. is the method that the Chinese invention patent of CN200810162378.6 discloses pre-hardening thickness and reduces, comprise fiber manufacture, mat formation, precompressed, mitre saw cut, multidaylight press dress plate, hot pressing, unload plate, cooling, cutting edge, sanding, it is characterized in that having additional delay heat transfer plate between the upper and lower surface and the heating platen of multidaylight press of fiber blanket.Although this technology, by reducing the method for steel slab surface heating rate, is avoided reaching solidification temperature in boost phase steel slab surface, thus reduce pre-hardening thickness, but this technology thoroughly cannot eliminate pre-hardening thickness, still need sanding process, remove thicker pre-hardening thickness, cause wastage of material.
In order to the fiberboard that processability is excellent, researcher is not only studied the preparation method of fiberboard and preparation technology and optimizes, and improves the equipment etc. used in fiberboard preparation process.The patent of invention being CN00137591.1 as the patent No. discloses a kind of minimizing, eliminates the beaverboard preparation of pre-hardening thickness.This inventive method comprises: fiber of purchasing, and by fiber drying between moisture 3-8%, add solid gum and puddle evenly, the weight ratio between described solid gum and aqueous fibre is 5-7: 100, after mixing, carries out mating formation, precompressed and hot pressing.The such as patent No. is that the utility model patent of CN200520020458.X discloses a kind of glue mixer reducing glue consumption and pre-hardening thickness.The glue mixer of this reduction glue consumption and pre-hardening thickness, its composition comprises: housing, dress delivery roll thereon, described delivery roll is equipped with transport tape, the shaft of band blade is installed in described housing, described housing is equipped with fibre metering device and sizing material metering device, in described housing, there is working chamber.This glue mixer is for the production of the sizing equipment of medium density fibre board (MDF), high density fiberboard and low density fiberboard.And for example the patent No. is that the utility model patent of CN00268922.7 discloses a kind of glue mixer reducing or eliminate pre-hardening thickness.This glue mixer comprises: shell, and be provided with band blade shaft in described shell, described shell is equipped with fibre metering device and sizing material metering device, blade is triangular vane, and described blade and glue mixing head press helix distribution.Although above-mentioned patent is all the improvement being not suitable for solid adhesive and fibers mixture for existing logistics glue mixer, make solidification rate lower than the solid adhesive of liquid adhesive and fibers mixture even, reach in the boost phase of hot pressing, top layer adhesive solidification rate reduces, and reduces the object of the generation of pre-hardening thickness, but adopts the method stirring applying glue, very easily make fibrous caking, make material puddle inequality, the product density skewness produced, affects the intensity of product.
The method of fiberboard Vertical density gradient optimal control, current research mainly concentrates on pre-hardening thickness aspect, the research that global density distribution optimization controls is little, and the main method adopting adjustment pressure, temperature, moisture content, these methods can not realize both can having eliminated pre-hardening thickness simultaneously, and with making the object of core concentration homogenising, and the preparation technology of fiberboard and seeds, external environment are closely related, differ in different conditions and serve the same role surely, technology stability is poor.Therefore, there is no a kind of stable technical process at present, can pre-hardening thickness be eliminated, with energy homogenising core concentration, play the effect optimizing sheet material Vertical density gradient.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the problem for above prior art and the method for a kind of fiberboard Vertical density gradient optimal control is provided, the fiberboard of the inventive method forms through the pre-heat treatment, precompressed process and the hot-pressing processing based on control slab thickness successively, the fiberboard sheet material Vertical density gradient of preparation is reasonable, be evenly distributed without pre-hardening thickness, core concentration, compare the sheet material of same density, its intensity reaches larger raising, and has saved raw material dosage.
For realizing object of the present invention, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method controlling fiberboard Vertical density gradient, comprises the step that following order is carried out:
1) plate blank paving
Fibre mat is mated formation into after being mixed with adhesive by the wood-fibred of drying;
2) humidification process
Upper and lower surface to fibre mat sprays alkaline solution, carries out humidification process, obtained humidification slab;
3) the pre-heat treatment
Microwave is carried out to humidification slab, carries out the pre-heat treatment, obtained preheating slab;
4) precompressed process
Precompressed process is carried out to preheating slab, makes precompressed slab;
5) hot-pressing processing
Precompressed slab is placed in hot press, carries out hot-pressing processing, to obtain final product.
Particularly, also comprise step 6), the slab after hot-pressing processing carried out cool, sanding, cutting edge process, make stock for fibreboard.
Wherein, in the fiberboard slab described in step 1) the moisture content of wood-fibred be 5 ?13%, be preferably 6-10%.
Particularly, the wood-fibred of described drying is over dry wood-fibred; The resin added of adhesive be 9 ?12%, the ratio of the weight of the solid content in the adhesive namely mixed with wood-fibred and wood-fibred (over dry) be 9 ?12:100, be preferably 10:100.
Especially, described over dry wood-fibred adopts drying machine that wood-fibred is dried to absolute dry condition to form.
Wherein, step 2) described in alkaline solution be one or more in ammonium chloride solution, urea liquid, sodium bicarbonate solution, sodium hydroxide solution.
Particularly, described alkaline solution is the mixed solution of urea and sodium acid carbonate.
Wherein, in described alkaline solution urea and sodium acid carbonate mole ratio be 1 ?3:1, be preferably 1:1.
Particularly, the mass percent concentration of described alkaline solution is 1 ~ 10%, is preferably 2-5%; The fountain height of described alkaline solution is every square metre and applies described alkaline solution 50 ~ 500g, is preferably 150-500g, more preferably 150-250g, is further preferably 150-200g.
Wherein, in step 3), described slab is preheated to 25-80 DEG C, is preferably 40-80 DEG C.
Particularly, humidification slab is placed in microwave dryer, carries out microwave irradiation, slab is heated, reach 25-80 DEG C to board briquette, be preferably 40-80 DEG C.
Especially, in described microwave irradiation heating process, micro-wave frequency is 2450MHz, power is 20KW.
Wherein, the thickness of the precompressed slab described in step 4) and the ratio of finished fiber plate thickness are 0.8 ?1.5:1, are preferably 0.9-1.0:1.
Particularly, after slab precompressed release thickness bounce-back to slab thickness 2-3 doubly.
Particularly, the time of described precompressed process is 10 ~ 60s, is preferably 30-45s; Precompressed temperature is 25-80 DEG C, is preferably 40-80 DEG C; Preload pressure is 1-12MPa, is preferably 6.5-9MPa.
Wherein, the temperature of hot-pressing processing described in step 5) is 170 ~ 220 DEG C, is preferably 180-200 DEG C.
Particularly, hot-pressing processing described in step 5) comprises the step that following order is carried out:
5A) first time hot-pressing processing
Hot press carries out first time hot-pressing processing to precompressed slab, obtained first hot pressing slab, wherein, the pressure of hot-pressing processing is 2-7MPa for the first time;
5B) second time hot-pressing processing
Carry out second time hot-pressing processing to the first hot pressing slab, obtained second hot pressing slab, wherein, the pressure of second time hot-pressing processing is 0 ?1MPa;
5C) third time hot-pressing processing
Third time hot-pressing processing is carried out to the second hot pressing slab, the second hot pressing slab is compressed to the thickness 1 times of finished fiber plate, obtained 3rd hot pressing slab;
5D) solidification process
When maintenance the 3rd hot pressing slab thickness, continue hot-pressing processing the 3rd hot pressing slab, slab adhesive is solidified completely, obtained solidification slab;
5E) release process
Removal hot press pressure, takes out solidification slab.
Wherein, step 5A) described in described precompressed slab is compressed to the 0.5-1.5 of finished fiber plate thickness doubly in first time autoclaving process, be preferably 0.8-1.0 doubly, the namely described thickness of the first hot pressing slab is 0.5-1.5:1 with the ratio of finished fiber plate thickness, is preferably 0.8-1.0:1.
Particularly, the hot pressing pressure in described first time autoclaving process is preferably 3-5MPa; The time of hot-pressing processing first time is 1-20s, is preferably 5-20s; Hot pressing temperature is 170 ~ 220 DEG C, is preferably 180-200 DEG C.
Wherein, step 5B) described in second time autoclaving process by described first hot pressing slab hot pressing to finished fiber plate thickness 1-2 doubly, be preferably 1.1-1.5 doubly, more preferably 1.25-1.5 doubly, namely the described thickness of the second hot pressing slab is 1-2:1 with the ratio of finished fiber plate thickness, be preferably 1.1-1.5:1, more preferably 1.25-1.5:1.
Particularly, the hot pressing pressure of described second time hot pressing is 0-1MPa, is preferably 0.5-1MPa; The hot pressing time of second time hot-pressing processing is 3-15s, is preferably 5-10s; Hot pressing temperature is 170 ~ 220 DEG C, is preferably 180-200 DEG C.
Wherein, step 5C) described in described second hot pressing slab is compressed in third time autoclaving process 1 times of finished fiber plate thickness, namely described 3rd hot pressing slab thickness is 1:1 with the ratio of finished fiber plate thickness.
Particularly, the hot pressing pressure in described third time autoclaving process is 1-3MPa, is preferably 2-3MPa; The hot pressing time of hot-pressing processing is 30-60s for the third time, is preferably 45-60s; Hot pressing temperature is 170 ~ 220 DEG C, is preferably 180-200 DEG C.
Wherein, step 5D) in hardening time in solidification processing procedure be 100 ?150s, be preferably 120-140s.
Particularly, in solidification processing procedure, hot pressing temperature is 170 ~ 220 DEG C, is preferably 180-200 DEG C; Hot pressing pressure is 1-3MPa, is preferably 2-3MPa.
Particularly, in solidification processing procedure, hot pressing reaches more than 100 DEG C to slab along the temperature of the center in slab thickness direction, is preferably 100-130 DEG C, more preferably 110-120 DEG C.
Wherein, step 5E) in time of removal hot press pressure be 60-180s, namely in 60-180s, hot press pressure is reduced to 0MPa from the hot pressing pressure solidification processing procedure, is preferably 100-120s.
Release processing stage, the pressure progressively reducing hot press regulates the rate of discharge of steam, avoids producing hot pressing defects such as " blowing out ".
The inventive method tool has the following advantages:
1, alkaline solution is adopted to carry out humidification process to the surface of fiberboard slab in the inventive method, slow down the solidification rate of surperficial adhesive, improve the plasticity of surface fiber, make to increase substantially in the surface fibre adhesive assembly density of hot press period solidification in early stage, add fiberboard top layer density, the fibrous plate superficial density of preparation is 1.3-1.6 times of averag density, does not have density lower than the pre-hardening thickness of averag density.
2, the fibrous plate Vertical density gradient that prepared by the inventive method distributes in " U " type, there is the uniform core region of Density Distribution, there is no pre-hardening thickness, decrease the sanding surplus 1-2mm of follow-up sanding process, save material, and fiberboard of the present invention with there is equal densities compare with fiberboard prepared by the commonsense method of material, top layer and core concentration improve 10-15%, reduce the production cost of fiberboard, improve production efficiency.
3, the fiberboard of identical averag density is prepared, the MOR of fiberboard prepared by the inventive method, internal bond strength are all higher than MOR and the internal bond strength of the fiberboard adopting commonsense method to prepare, improve 5-10%, the ratio of strength to weight of fiberboard of the present invention is high.
4, the inventive method is simple to operate, and operating procedure condition easily controls, and makes the product quality of preparation controlled, is convenient to large-scale promotion.
5, the present invention does not increase production cost substantially, only need carry out small transformation to existing equipment, good product quality, administration measure, be conducive to the raising of fiberboard quality and the efficiency utilization of timber resources.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is fiberboard Vertical density gradient figure prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is fiberboard Vertical density gradient figure prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 3 is fiberboard Vertical density gradient figure prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Fig. 4 is fiberboard Vertical density gradient figure prepared by reference examples 1;
Fig. 5 is fiberboard Vertical density gradient figure prepared by reference examples 2.
Detailed description of the invention
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, advantage and disadvantage of the present invention will be more clear along with description.But these embodiments are only exemplary, do not form any restriction to scope of the present invention.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that and can modify to the details of technical solution of the present invention and form or replace down without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but these amendments and replacement all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention is that 12 ± 0.5mm, averag density are for 750 ± 20Kg/m to produce thickness
3finished fiber sheet material be that example is described, wherein wood fiber raw material derives from the hardwood composite fibre that the mdf production line of in October, 2012 Beijing Sen Hua wood-based plate company takes out; Adhesive select solid content be 100% urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive; Resin added is 10%.
Embodiment 1
1, plate blank paving
1A) to solid content be 100% urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive in add water, stir, obtained solid content is the urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive dilution of 62.5%, for subsequent use;
After 1B) adopting blowing-type drying machine that wood-fibred is dried to over dry, by glue sprayer, urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive dilution is joined in over dry wood-fibred, stir, resin added is that 10%(calculates by resin solid content and bone dry fiber), wood-fibred absorbs the moisture in adhesive dilution, obtained wood-fibred compound, wherein wood-fibred moisture content is 6%;
1C) adopt mechanical forming machine that wood-fibred compound is mated formation into fiberboard slab, wherein in slab, the moisture content of wood-fibred is 6%.
The adhesive that the present invention uses is not limited to above-mentioned Lauxite, and the various common adhesive that factory generally adopts is also all applicable.Resin added in the present invention is except 10%, and other are all applicable to the present invention as 9-12%.
2, humidification process
2A) urea and sodium acid carbonate are added to the water, dissolve, stir, obtained urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution, for subsequent use, wherein, the gross weight of urea and sodium acid carbonate and the ratio of the weight of water are the mass percent concentration of urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution that namely 2:100(obtains is 2%), urea and sodium acid carbonate mole ratio be 1:1;
Spraying machine 2B) is adopted to spray urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution to the upper and lower surface of fiberboard slab, the amount of spraying 200g urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution according to every square metre sprays urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution, the upper and lower surface humidity of fiberboard slab is improved, carry out humidification process, obtained humidification slab;
The alkaline mixed solution being sprayed at slab upper and lower surface, except increasing the humidity on fibre mat surface, outside the object reaching humidification, can also slow down the curing rate of slab top layer adhesive, reduce the softening temperature of surface fibre, improve the plasticity of surface fibre.
3, the pre-heat treatment
Humidification slab is placed in that frequency is 2450MHz, power is the microwave dryer of 20KW, adopts thermocouple sensor monitoring board briquette, microwave irradiation is carried out to slab, heating slab, the pre-heat treatment is carried out to humidification slab, by the heating temperatures of humidification slab to 80 DEG C, obtained preheating slab;
By the pre-heat treatment, can Atmospheric temperature be improved, reduce slab internal temperature gradient in hot pressing, improve slab core concentration, increase core concentration and to be evenly distributed the thickness in region, realize the adjustment of slab inner section Density Distribution.
4, precompressed process
Adopt preformer to carry out precompressed process to preheating slab, preheating slab is compressed to 10mm, obtained precompressed slab; The pressure of precompressed process is 6.5MPa; The thickness of precompressed slab is 0.83 times of finished product slab thickness; Squeeze time is 30s;
5, hot-pressing processing
5A) precompressed slab is placed in hot press, at temperature is 200 DEG C, first time hot-pressing processing is carried out to precompressed slab, in hot pressing 20s, precompressed slab is compressed to 10mm, obtained first hot pressing slab, wherein the thickness of the first hot pressing slab is 0.83 times of finished fiber plate thickness, first time, hot pressing time was 20s, and hot pressing pressure is 5MPa;
5B) the first hot pressing slab is carried out second time hot-pressing processing at temperature is 200 DEG C, second time hot pressing pressure is 0.5MPa, make slab rebound to 15mm within 5 seconds, the thickness after the hot pressing of slab second time is 1.25:1 with the ratio of finished fiber plate thickness, obtained second hot pressing slab;
5C) at 200 DEG C, third time hot-pressing processing is carried out to the second hot pressing slab, the hot pressing pressure controlling third time hot-pressing processing is 2MPa, make slab be compressed to 12mm in 45s, obtained 3rd hot pressing slab, wherein the thickness of the 3rd hot pressing slab is 1:1 with the ratio of the thickness of finished fiber plate;
5D) solidification process
Keeping temperature to be 200 DEG C, when the 3rd hot pressing slab thickness is 12mm, proceed hot pressing to the 3rd hot pressing slab, make slab reach 110 DEG C along the temperature of the center of thickness direction, adhesive solidifies completely, obtained solidification slab; Wherein the hot pressing pressure solidified in processing procedure is 2MPa, and hardening time is 120s;
5E) release process
In 60s, the pressure of hot press is reduced to 0MPa from 2MPa, regulates the rate of discharge of steam,
Obtained thickness is the fiberboard sheet material of 12mm, then finished fiber plate is made in the cooling of fiberboard sheet material, sanding, cutting edge.
The fibreboard product surfacing adopting this technique to produce, smooth, color are even, and by GB/T17657-1999 " test methods of evaluating the properties of wood-based panels and surface decorated wood-based panels " detection fibers plate physicochemical property, measurement result is as shown in table 1.
Adopt DA ?the density of X profile density analyzer (German Gray Kanggong department) detection fibers plate, measurement result is as shown in Figure 1.
Fiberboard prepared by the inventive method is U-shaped Vertical density gradient fiberboard, and namely fiberboard of the present invention is without pre-hardening thickness, the U-shaped distribution of profile density of fiberboard; Fiberboard surface-density of the present invention distribution and core concentration high, superficial density is up to 1051Kg/m
3, namely the superficial density of fiberboard sheet material that namely prepared by the inventive method is the most high density of fiberboard; Core concentration is evenly distributed, and core concentration is minimum, reaches 642Kg/m
3, and the region that core concentration is evenly distributed is 4.3mm, therefore, the surperficial low density area of fiberboard prepared by the inventive method is eliminated, and makes sandwich layer there is the uniform region of Density Distribution.
Embodiment 2
1, plate blank paving
1A) to solid content be 100% urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive in add water, stir, obtained solid content is the urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive dilution of 50%, for subsequent use;
After 1B) adopting blowing-type drying machine that wood-fibred is dried to over dry, by glue sprayer, urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive dilution is joined in over dry wood-fibred, stir, resin added is that 10%(calculates by resin solid content and bone dry fiber), wood-fibred absorbs the moisture in adhesive dilution, obtained wood-fibred compound, wherein wood-fibred moisture content is 10%;
1C) adopt mechanical forming machine that wood-fibred compound is mated formation into fiberboard slab, wherein in slab, the moisture content of wood-fibred is 10%.
2, humidification process
2A) urea and sodium acid carbonate are added to the water, dissolve, stir, obtained urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution, for subsequent use, wherein, the gross weight of urea and sodium acid carbonate and the ratio of the weight of water are the mass percent concentration of urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution that namely 5:100(obtains is 5%), urea and sodium acid carbonate mole ratio be 3:1;
Spraying machine 2B) is adopted to spray urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution to the upper and lower surface of fiberboard slab, the amount of spraying 150g urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution according to every square metre sprays urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution, the upper and lower surface humidity of fiberboard slab is improved, carry out humidification process, obtained humidification slab;
3, the pre-heat treatment
Humidification slab is placed in that frequency is 2450MHz, power is the microwave dryer of 20KW, adopts thermocouple sensor monitoring board briquette, microwave irradiation is carried out to slab, heating slab, the pre-heat treatment is carried out to humidification slab, by the heating temperatures of humidification slab to 60 DEG C, obtained preheating slab;
4, precompressed process
Adopt preformer to carry out precompressed process to preheating slab, preheating slab is compressed to 10.8mm, obtained precompressed slab; The pressure of precompressed process is 9MPa; The thickness of precompressed slab is 0.9 times of finished product slab thickness; Squeeze time is 45s;
5, hot-pressing processing
5A) precompressed slab is placed in hot press, at temperature is 180 DEG C, first time hot-pressing processing is carried out to precompressed slab, in hot pressing 10s, precompressed slab is compressed to 12mm, obtained first hot pressing slab, wherein the thickness of the first hot pressing slab is 1 times of finished fiber plate thickness, first time, hot pressing time was 10s, and hot pressing pressure is 7MPa;
5B) the first hot pressing slab is carried out second time hot-pressing processing at temperature is 180 DEG C, second time hot pressing pressure is 1MPa, make slab rebound to 18mm within 3 seconds, the thickness after the hot pressing of slab second time is 1.5:1 with the ratio of finished fiber plate thickness, obtained second hot pressing slab;
5C) at 180 DEG C, third time hot-pressing processing is carried out to the second hot pressing slab, the hot pressing pressure controlling third time hot-pressing processing is 3MPa, make slab be compressed to 12mm within 30 seconds, obtained 3rd hot pressing slab, wherein the thickness of the 3rd hot pressing slab is 1:1 with the ratio of the thickness of finished fiber plate;
5D) solidification process
Keeping temperature to be 180 DEG C, when the 3rd hot pressing slab thickness is 12mm, proceed hot pressing to the 3rd hot pressing slab, make slab reach 120 DEG C along the temperature of the center of thickness direction, adhesive solidifies completely, obtained solidification slab; Wherein the hot pressing pressure solidified in processing procedure is 3MPa, and hardening time is 140s;
5E) release process
In 120s, the pressure of hot press is reduced to 0MPa from 3MPa, regulate the rate of discharge of steam, obtained thickness is the fiberboard sheet material of 12mm, then finished fiber plate is made in the cooling of fiberboard sheet material, sanding, cutting edge.
The fibreboard product surfacing adopting this technique to produce, smooth, color are even, and by GB/T17657-1999 " test methods of evaluating the properties of wood-based panels and surface decorated wood-based panels " detection fibers plate physicochemical property, measurement result is as shown in table 1.
Adopt DA ?the density of X profile density analyzer (German Gray Kanggong department) detection fibers plate, measurement result is as shown in Figure 2.
Fiberboard prepared by the inventive method is U-shaped Vertical density gradient fiberboard, and namely fiberboard of the present invention is without pre-hardening thickness, the U-shaped distribution of profile density of fiberboard; Fiberboard surface-density of the present invention distribution and core concentration high, superficial density is up to 1058Kg/m
3, namely the superficial density of fiberboard sheet material that namely prepared by the inventive method is the most high density of fiberboard; Core concentration is evenly distributed, and core concentration is minimum, reaches 592Kg/m
3, and the region that core concentration is evenly distributed is 3.2mm, therefore, the surperficial low density area of fiberboard prepared by the inventive method is eliminated, and makes sandwich layer there is the uniform region of Density Distribution.
Embodiment 3
1, plate blank paving
1A) to solid content be 100% urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive in add water, stir, obtained solid content is the urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive dilution of 43.5%, for subsequent use;
After 1B) adopting blowing-type drying machine that wood-fibred is dried to over dry, by glue sprayer, urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive dilution is joined in over dry wood-fibred, stir, resin added is that 10%(calculates by resin solid content and bone dry fiber), wood-fibred absorbs the moisture in adhesive dilution, obtained wood-fibred compound, wherein wood-fibred moisture content is 13%;
1C) adopt mechanical forming machine that wood-fibred compound is mated formation into fiberboard slab, wherein in slab, the moisture content of wood-fibred is 13%.
2, humidification process
2A) urea and sodium acid carbonate are added to the water, dissolve, stir, obtained urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution, for subsequent use, wherein, the gross weight of urea and sodium acid carbonate and the ratio of the weight of water are the mass percent concentration of urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution that namely 10:100(obtains is 10%), urea and sodium acid carbonate mole ratio be 2:1;
Spraying machine 2B) is adopted to spray urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution to the upper and lower surface of fiberboard slab, the amount of spraying 250g urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution according to every square metre sprays urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution, the upper and lower surface humidity of fiberboard slab is improved and carries out humidification process obtained humidification slab;
3, the pre-heat treatment
Humidification slab is placed in that frequency is 2450MHz, power is the microwave dryer of 20KW, adopts thermocouple sensor monitoring board briquette, microwave irradiation is carried out to slab, heating slab, the pre-heat treatment is carried out to humidification slab, by the heating temperatures of humidification slab to 40 DEG C, obtained preheating slab;
4, precompressed process
Adopt preformer to carry out precompressed process to preheating slab, preheating slab is compressed to 12mm, obtained precompressed slab; The pressure of precompressed process is 12MPa; The thickness of precompressed slab is 1.0 times of finished product slab thickness; Squeeze time is 10s;
5, hot-pressing processing
5A) precompressed slab is placed in hot press, at temperature is 170 DEG C, first time hot-pressing processing is carried out to precompressed slab, in hot pressing 5s, precompressed slab is compressed to 18mm, obtained first hot pressing slab, wherein the thickness of the first hot pressing slab is 1.5 times of finished fiber plate thickness, first time, hot pressing time was 5s, and hot pressing pressure is 3MPa;
5B) the first hot pressing slab is carried out second time hot-pressing processing at temperature is 170 DEG C, second time hot pressing pressure is 0MPa, make slab rebound to 24mm within 10 seconds, the thickness after the hot pressing of slab second time is 2:1 with the ratio of finished fiber plate thickness, obtained second hot pressing slab;
5C) at 170 DEG C, third time hot-pressing processing is carried out to the second hot pressing slab, the hot pressing pressure controlling third time hot-pressing processing is 2MPa, make slab be compressed to 12mm within 60 seconds, obtained 3rd hot pressing slab, wherein the thickness of the 3rd hot pressing slab is 1:1 with the ratio of the thickness of finished fiber plate;
5D) solidification process
Keeping temperature to be 170 DEG C, when the 3rd hot pressing slab thickness is 12mm, proceed hot pressing to the 3rd hot pressing slab, make slab reach 100 DEG C along the temperature of the center of thickness direction, adhesive solidifies completely, obtained solidification slab; Wherein the hot pressing pressure solidified in processing procedure is 2MPa, and hardening time is 150s;
5E) release process
In 180s, the pressure of hot press is reduced to 0MPa from 2MPa, regulate the rate of discharge of steam, obtained thickness is the fiberboard sheet material of 12mm, then finished fiber plate is made in the cooling of fiberboard sheet material, sanding, cutting edge.
The fibreboard product surfacing adopting this technique to produce, smooth, color are even, and by GB/T17657-1999 " test methods of evaluating the properties of wood-based panels and surface decorated wood-based panels " detection fibers plate physicochemical property, measurement result is as shown in table 1.
Adopt DA ?the density of X profile density analyzer (German Gray Kanggong department) detection fibers plate, measurement result is as shown in Figure 3.
Fiberboard prepared by the inventive method is U-shaped Vertical density gradient fiberboard, and namely fiberboard of the present invention is without pre-hardening thickness, the U-shaped distribution of profile density of fiberboard; Fiberboard surface-density of the present invention distribution and core concentration high, superficial density is up to 1055Kg/m
3, namely the superficial density of fiberboard sheet material that namely prepared by the inventive method is the most high density of fiberboard; Core concentration is evenly distributed, and core concentration is minimum, reaches 590Kg/m
3, and the region that core concentration is evenly distributed is 2.2mm, therefore, the surperficial low density area of fiberboard prepared by the inventive method is eliminated, and makes sandwich layer there is the uniform region of Density Distribution.
Embodiment 4
1, plate blank paving
1A) to solid content be 100% urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive in add water, stir, obtained solid content is the urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive dilution of 66.7%, for subsequent use;
After 1B) adopting blowing-type drying machine that wood-fibred is dried to over dry, by glue sprayer, urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive dilution is joined in over dry wood-fibred, stir, resin added is that 10%(calculates by resin solid content and bone dry fiber), wood-fibred absorbs the moisture in adhesive dilution, obtained wood-fibred compound, wherein wood-fibred moisture content is 5%;
1C) adopt mechanical forming machine that wood-fibred compound is mated formation into fiberboard slab, wherein in slab, the moisture content of wood-fibred is 5%.
2, humidification process
2A) urea and sodium acid carbonate are added to the water, dissolve, stir, obtained urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution, for subsequent use, wherein, the gross weight of urea and sodium acid carbonate and the ratio of the weight of water are the mass percent concentration of urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution that namely 1:100(obtains is 1%), urea and sodium acid carbonate mole ratio be 1:1;
Spraying machine 2B) is adopted to spray urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution to the upper and lower surface of fiberboard slab, the amount of spraying 500g urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution according to every square metre sprays urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution, the upper and lower surface humidity of fiberboard slab is improved, carry out humidification process, obtained humidification slab;
3, the pre-heat treatment
Humidification slab is placed in that frequency is 2450MHz, power is the microwave dryer of 20KW, adopts thermocouple sensor monitoring board briquette, microwave irradiation is carried out to slab, heating slab, the pre-heat treatment is carried out to humidification slab, by the heating temperatures of humidification slab to 25 DEG C, obtained preheating slab;
4, precompressed process
Adopt preformer to carry out precompressed process to preheating slab, preheating slab is compressed to 18mm, obtained precompressed slab; The pressure of precompressed process is 1MPa; The thickness of precompressed slab is 1.5 times of finished product slab thickness; Squeeze time is 60s;
5, hot-pressing processing
5A) precompressed slab is placed in hot press, at temperature is 220 DEG C, first time hot-pressing processing is carried out to precompressed slab, in hot pressing 10s, precompressed slab is compressed to 6mm, obtained first hot pressing slab, wherein the thickness of the first hot pressing slab is 0.5 times of finished fiber plate thickness, first time, hot pressing time was 10s, and hot pressing pressure is 2MPa;
5B) the first hot pressing slab is carried out second time hot-pressing processing at temperature is 220 DEG C, second time hot pressing pressure is 0.5MPa, make slab rebound to 13.2mm within 15 seconds, the thickness after the hot pressing of slab second time is 1.1:1 with the ratio of finished fiber plate thickness, obtained second hot pressing slab;
5C) at 220 DEG C, third time hot-pressing processing is carried out to the second hot pressing slab, the hot pressing pressure controlling third time hot-pressing processing is 1MPa, make slab be compressed to 12mm in 45s, obtained 3rd hot pressing slab, wherein the thickness of the 3rd hot pressing slab is 1:1 with the ratio of the thickness of finished fiber plate;
5D) solidification process
Keeping temperature to be 220 DEG C, when the 3rd hot pressing slab thickness is 12mm, proceed hot pressing to the 3rd hot pressing slab, make slab reach 130 DEG C along the temperature of the center of thickness direction, adhesive solidifies completely, obtained solidification slab; Wherein the hot pressing pressure solidified in processing procedure is 1MPa, and hardening time is 100s;
5E) release process
In 100s, the pressure of hot press is reduced to 0MPa from 1.0MPa, regulate the rate of discharge of steam, obtained thickness is the fiberboard sheet material of 12mm, then finished fiber plate is made in the cooling of fiberboard sheet material, sanding, cutting edge.
The fibreboard product surfacing adopting this technique to produce, smooth, color are even, and by GB/T17657-1999 " test methods of evaluating the properties of wood-based panels and surface decorated wood-based panels " detection fibers plate physicochemical property, measurement result is as shown in table 1.
Reference examples 1
1, plate blank paving
1A) to solid content be 100% urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive in add water, stir, obtained solid content is the urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive dilution of 62.5%, for subsequent use;
After 1B) adopting blowing-type drying machine that wood-fibred is dried to over dry, by glue sprayer, urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive dilution is joined in over dry wood-fibred, stir, resin added is that 10%(calculates by resin solid content and bone dry fiber), wood-fibred absorbs the moisture in adhesive dilution, obtained wood-fibred compound, wherein wood-fibred moisture content is 6%;
1C) adopt mechanical forming machine that wood-fibred compound is mated formation into fiberboard slab, wherein in slab, the moisture content of wood-fibred is 6%.
2, humidification process
2A) urea and sodium acid carbonate are added to the water, dissolve, stir, obtained urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution, for subsequent use, wherein, the gross weight of urea and sodium acid carbonate and the ratio of the weight of water are the mass percent concentration of urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution that namely 2:100(obtains is 2%), urea and sodium acid carbonate mole ratio be 1:1;
Spraying machine 2B) is adopted to spray urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution to the upper and lower surface of fiberboard slab, the amount of spraying 200g urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution according to every square metre sprays urea-sodium acid carbonate alkaline solution, the upper and lower surface humidity of fiberboard slab is improved, carry out humidification process, obtained humidification slab;
3, hot-pressing processing
Humidification slab is placed in hot press, at temperature is 200 DEG C, carry out hot-pressing processing to humidification slab, wherein hot pressing time is 360s, and hot pressing pressure is 3MPa, obtained thickness is the fiberboard of 12mm, and fiberboard makes finished fiber plate after supercooling, sanding, cutting edge.
The finished fiber panel products surfacing of preparation, smooth, color are even, and by GB/T17657-1999 " test methods of evaluating the properties of wood-based panels and surface decorated wood-based panels " detection fibers plate physicochemical property, measurement result is as shown in table 1.
Adopt DA ?the density of X profile density analyzer (German Gray Kanggong department) detection fibers plate, measurement result is as shown in Figure 4.
Fibrous plate prepared by reference examples 1 is without pre-hardening thickness, and superficial density is the highest, and without the uniform region of sandwich layer Density Distribution, core concentration is on the low side, and Vertical density gradient curve is distribution in " V " type; The superficial density of fiberboard sheet material prepared by reference examples is the highest, reaches 1150Kg/m
3, sandwich layer is minimum, reaches 505Kg/m
3, the density of fiberboard section reduces from top layer gradually to sandwich layer, without even density distributed areas.
Reference examples 2
1, plate blank paving
1A) to solid content be 100% urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive in add water, stir, obtained solid content is the urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive dilution of 62.5%, for subsequent use;
After 1B) adopting blowing-type drying machine that wood-fibred is dried to over dry, by glue sprayer, urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive dilution is joined in over dry wood-fibred, stir, resin added is that 10%(calculates by resin solid content and bone dry fiber), wood-fibred absorbs the moisture in adhesive dilution, obtained wood-fibred compound, wherein wood-fibred moisture content is 6%;
1C) adopt mechanical forming machine that wood-fibred compound is mated formation into fiberboard slab, wherein in slab, the moisture content of wood-fibred is 6%.
2, hot-pressing processing
Fiberboard slab is placed in hot press, at temperature is 200 DEG C, carry out hot-pressing processing to slab, wherein hot pressing time is 360s, and hot pressing pressure is 3MPa, obtained thickness is the fiberboard of 12mm, and fiberboard makes finished fiber plate after supercooling, sanding, cutting edge.
The finished fiber panel products surface irregularity, coarse of preparation, by GB/T17657-1999 " test methods of evaluating the properties of wood-based panels and surface decorated wood-based panels " detection fibers plate physicochemical property, measurement result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 fiberboard physicochemical property test result
| MOR (MPa) | Internal bond strength (MPa) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 26 | 0.6 |
| Embodiment 2 | 25 | 0.7 |
| Embodiment 3 | 28 | 0.5 |
| Embodiment 4 | 27 | 0.45 |
| Reference examples 1 | 22 | 0.2 |
| Reference examples 2 | 18 | 0.7 |
Shown by the testing result of table 1:
The mechanical property of fiberboard prepared by the inventive method is good, and all higher than national standard, MOR is up to more than 25MPa, and internal bond strength is up to more than 0.45MPa; And the internal bond strength of fiberboard prepared by reference examples 1 method is low; The MOR of fiberboard prepared by reference examples 2 method is low, does not meet national standard.
Adopt DA ?the density of X profile density analyzer (German Gray Kanggong department) detection fibers plate, measurement result is as shown in Figure 5.
There is thicker pre-hardening thickness in the fibrous plate prepared according to the method for reference examples 2, superficial density is on the low side, but core concentration is higher, but without without the uniform region of sandwich layer Density Distribution, sheet material Vertical density gradient distributes in typical " M " type; The most high density of sheet material appears at distance plate surface and is about 1.2mm place, and most high density is 920Kg/m
3, sandwich layer least density be 604Kg/m
3; Fiberboard prepared by conventional thermocompression process fails to eliminate pre-hardening thickness, and the most high density in surface is on the low side, and sandwich layer least density is higher, and overall Vertical density gradient is unreasonable.
Can find out that fiberboard prepared by the inventive method is without pre-hardening thickness from fiberboard Vertical density gradient figure, core concentration is evenly distributed, superficial density distribution and core concentration all have the raising of larger degree than the sheet material that traditionally heat pressing process is produced, not only eliminate pre-hardening thickness, decrease sheet material later stage sanding process surplus 1-2mm, and when preparing the fiberboard sheet material of identical averag density, the top layer of sheet material, core concentration improves more than 10%, and the performance of sheet material is improved, MOR, internal bond strength is high, improve the ratio of strength to weight, there is the effect optimized Vertical density gradient and improve mechanical property.
Claims (9)
1. control a method for fiberboard Vertical density gradient, it is characterized in that, comprise the step that following order is carried out:
1) plate blank paving
Fibre mat is mated formation into after being mixed with adhesive by the wood-fibred of drying;
2) humidification process
Upper and lower surface to fibre mat sprays alkaline solution, carries out humidification process, obtained humidification slab;
3) the pre-heat treatment
Carry out microwave radiation heating is carried out to humidification slab, carries out the pre-heat treatment, obtained preheating slab;
4) precompressed process
Precompressed process is carried out to preheating slab, makes precompressed slab;
5) hot-pressing processing
Be placed in hot press by precompressed slab, step carries out hot-pressing processing in the following order:
5A) on hot press, carry out first time hot-pressing processing to precompressed slab, obtained first hot pressing slab, wherein, the pressure of hot-pressing processing is 2-7MPa for the first time;
5B) carry out second time hot-pressing processing to the first hot pressing slab, obtained second hot pressing slab, wherein, the pressure of second time hot-pressing processing is 0-1MPa;
5C) third time hot-pressing processing is carried out to the second hot pressing slab, the second hot pressing slab is compressed to the thickness 1 times of finished fiber plate, obtained 3rd hot pressing slab;
5D) when maintenance the 3rd hot pressing slab thickness, continue hot-pressing processing the 3rd hot pressing slab, slab adhesive is solidified completely, obtained solidification slab;
5E) removal hot press pressure, takes out solidification slab.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, step 5A) in described precompressed slab is compressed to the 0.5-1.5 of finished fiber plate thickness doubly.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, step 5B) described first hot pressing slab is compressed to the 1-2 of finished fiber plate thickness doubly.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, step 5E) described in time of removal hot press pressure be 60-180s.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, step 1) described in fibre mat in the moisture content of wood-fibred be 5-13%.
6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, step 2) described alkaline solution is one or more in ammonium chloride, urea, sodium acid carbonate, sodium hydroxide solution.
7. method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 3) described humidification heating of plate blank is reached 25-80 DEG C to board briquette.
8. method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 4) pressure of described precompressed process is 1-12MPa.
9. method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 5) described in the hot pressing temperature of hot-pressing processing be 170 ~ 220 DEG C.
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| CN106049150B (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2018-05-08 | 怀集宜美木业有限公司 | A kind of manufacture method of fiberboard |
| CN106541482A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-03-29 | 阜南县星光工艺品有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of formaldehydeless fire-resistant-chipboard |
| CN106363765A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-02-01 | 阜南县星光工艺品有限公司 | Preparing method of traditional Chinese medicine durable shaving board |
| CN107629474A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-01-26 | 贵州思特技术有限公司 | Mechanograph and preparation method thereof |
| CN107553682A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-09 | 西南林业大学 | A kind of apparatus and method for improving particieboard hot pressing speed |
| CN113246256B (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-11-04 | 济南采明实业有限公司 | Production method of ultrahigh-density large-thickness fiberboard |
| CN113500680B (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2022-05-24 | 千年舟新材科技集团股份有限公司 | Light-weight high-strength veneer-faced oriented poplar shaving board and preparation method thereof |
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