CN104203589B

CN104203589B - There is secure file and the manufacture method thereof of perforated window

Info

Publication number: CN104203589B
Application number: CN201380015181.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: E·施普林曼; M·普夫卢霍夫特
Original assignee: Bundesdruckerei GmbH
Current assignee: Bundesdruckerei GmbH
Priority date: 2012-03-19
Filing date: 2013-03-18
Publication date: 2016-12-21
Anticipated expiration: 2033-03-18
Also published as: DE102012204340A1; WO2013139747A1; EP2828093A1; EP2828093B1; CN104203589A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of method for manufacturing secure file, a kind of method for authenticating security documents and a kind of secure file, described secure file includes: have the file body (2) of front side (11) and relative dorsal part (12), wherein, manufacturing described file body (2) in the case of using at least one plane development, the opaque layer (5) of self-supporting, described opaque layer is integrated in described file body (2) between described front side (11) and described dorsal part (12)；nullWherein，The security feature (13 that at least one optics can verify that it is configured with in described file body (2)，14，51)，The security feature that at least one optics described can verify that in the observation by described front side (11) and has different optical effects by watcher's mask of described dorsal part (12)，Wherein，In described opaque layer (5), construct multiple breakthrough portions (30) and be arranged such described breakthrough portion，Make when being observed but also when being observed by described dorsal part (12), be not only capable of the security feature (13 that at least one optics described can verify that by described front side (11)，14，51) optical detection，Wherein，One during the two is observed is fluoroscopic observation (35，36)，It is realized by the breakthrough portion in described opaque layer，And described another kind of observation is directly to observe (25，26)，It is not realized by described breakthrough portion，And the security feature (13 that at least one optics described can verify that，14，51) structure makes in described direct observation (25，26) in and in described fluoroscopic observation (35，26) can detect that different optical effects in，The difference of described different optical effect is not that the existence of the existence by described opaque layer and/or described breakthrough portion (30) causes.

Description

Security document with perforated window and method for the production thereof

Technical Field

The present invention relates to security documents and methods of manufacture thereof, and in particular to security documents having at least one security feature which is optically verifiable and has a different optical effect depending on the viewing side of the security document.

Background

A variety of security documents are known from the prior art. All objects comprising at least one security feature that makes counterfeiting, imitation, unauthorized copying, etc. difficult or preferably impossible are referred to as said security documents.

Security documents include, for example, ID documents (Identification), travel passports, personal certificates, Identification cards, driver licenses, driving licenses, vehicle departure cards, access cards, company certificates, access cards (zurittskarten), bank cards, credit cards, Visa, but also security labels, access cards, banknotes, stamps, securities and the like. Such security documents that represent value, such as stamps, securities or banknotes, are also referred to as value documents. The division between the actual value document and the security document is not evident in every case and is also not important in the subject matter of the invention. In the sense of the subject matter described here, a value document is also always to be understood as a security document.

Different optically verifiable security features are known from the prior art. All of the following features are considered optically verifiable security features: which can be verified by light transmitted by or reflected or returned on the security feature. All electromagnetic radiation is understood here as light, which may be in the visible, infrared or ultraviolet wavelength range.

A group of security features which display different effects depending on the viewing side comprises, for example, volume holograms, in particular reflection volume holograms, which make detectable images stored in the hologram in at least one direction from the viewing side when illuminated by means of white light in a defined illumination direction detectable. When viewed in perspective, a further optical effect is observed, since here the light reflected on the hologram is "missing" during the reconstruction of the reflective volume hologram.

Another set of security features is constructed in a security document by: the plurality of lens elements are configured spaced apart from optically perceptible information stored in the security document. Examples of this are the so-called CLI (Changeable laser image) and MLI (multiple laser image) which have a viewing angle dependence when viewed from one side, with a lens disposed between the viewer and the stored information. The angle-dependent effect is not perceptible from the viewer's side when viewed from the other side, in which case the information stored in the document is arranged in front of the lens element, because in that case the lens does not change the light propagation from the information stored in the document to the viewer.

Documents of value and security documents with perforations are known from DE 19934434 a1, in which microchannels are provided as additional security and authenticity certificates. Embodiments are described in which the microchannels are introduced at different angles relative to the surface normal of the layer from which the security document is constructed.

A record carrier is known from WO03/022598a1, which has an upper layer with a plurality of lenticular lenses on its outer side and a display element on the back side, which display element appears movable about at least one axis when the record carrier is tilted. The lenticular lens extends over only a partial region of the entire outer side. The display element is a security element which is printed on the card layer on the inside. There is no description of how to put the lenticular lens into the document body.

DE 102008008044 a1 discloses a low-cost method for producing security and/or valuable documents, which is suitable for producing flexible and forgery-proof structures with low thermal stress, wherein a surface structure is stamped into the upper side and/or into the lower side of a substrate for producing the documents by means of a stamping device, which has at least one stamping press having a contact surface, each of which is as large as or larger than the upper side or the lower side of the substrate, using stamping printing and ultrasound. Embodiments of a method of manufacturing are described, where microlenses are stamped into a document body.

DE 102008031653 a1 discloses a method and a device for introducing a security feature into a document of value or a security document, wherein the document of value or security document comprises a document body having at least one thermoplastic surface layer, wherein the method comprises the following steps: providing a file body; providing and/or establishing a structured Sonotrode (Sonotrode) coupled to an acoustic source; arranging a file body relative to the ultrasonic welding head; associating an ultrasonic horn with a surface layer of the document body and simultaneously coupling an acoustic wave into the document of value or security document by means of the ultrasonic horn in order to form a relief structure in the surface layer, wherein the ultrasonic horn is provided and/or produced with a structuring which has a desired intruding side and is structured in such a way that there are regions which project from the desired intruding side and recessed regions which project into the desired intruding side, wherein the ultrasonic horn is moved into the document body during the acoustic wave coupling under the use of pressure until the desired intruding side corresponds to the desired level of the document body surface and a relief structure which recesses the projecting regions and a relief structure which projects the recessed regions are produced in the surface layer.

A card-shaped data carrier having a substrate and at least one transparent cover film is known from EP 0216947 a 1. In the case of the use of a laser beam, the substrate is provided with information which is recognizable by means of a cover film, wherein the transparent cover film carries a relief which is applied before the recording of the information and which at least partially covers the information area, said relief characteristically altering the recording of the information by means of its optical lens action. Information is stored at different locations of the substrate depending on the direction of incidence of the laser light. Also, different information depending on the observation angle is perceived upon visual inspection.

A data carrier is known from EP 0219012B 1, in which information is introduced in an internal volume region by means of a laser beam, which information is visible in the form of a change in optical properties due to an irreversible material change caused by the laser beam. For example, card-shaped data carriers are described which have a lens grid on the surface. The lens grid can be punched in during the coating process by: negative lenses (Negativ) of the lens grid were machined in the corresponding coated plates. Likewise, a thermally stable stamping die may be used, which stamping die is arranged between the transparent cover layer and the coating plate. Furthermore, it is described that cards can be produced by means of a lamination process (laminierfahren) and subsequently by means of a stamping punchOr a press rollA lens grid is placed. The insertion of the information is effected by means of laser beams which insert the information into the card body through the lens grid in different directions. Thus, in this way, a tilted image can be realized.

In the methods known from the prior art and the security documents obtained therefrom, it is basically possible to store only information in the form of grey values, wherein first an optical structure, preferably in the form of a lens grating, is introduced into the surface and subsequently the information is introduced by means of laser light by the action of irreversible material changes. Furthermore, the subsequent addition of information by renewed laser radiation may be used to forge the security document. Full-color or multicolor information storage is generally not possible. In the method known from WO03/022598a1, although the information can be printed in color, in particular in multiple colors, the sufficient resolution for the viewing-angle-dependent security feature is limited by: when adding and integrating the printed information into the document body, the shrinking process occurring in the laminating process and the precise orientation of the printed information within the document body and in particular with respect to the microlenses introduced simultaneously in the laminating process are only inadequately ensured.

Other different security features are known to those skilled in the art that exhibit optical effects that depend on the viewing side. In particular, diffractive and refractive structures formed on the surface or in the interior of the security document can cause this effect.

Because the presenter of the security document is interested in: to implement and integrate new and more new security features in security documents that are as difficult to counterfeit as possible, the following needs exist: a new, low-cost security feature, which can be produced in particular in mass production, and thus a new security document, a method for the production thereof and a new authentication method are achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

The idea on which the invention is based is to specify a security document, a method for the production thereof and an authentication method, wherein security features which bring about different optical effects depending on the viewing side of the security document can be used for the security document, which at the same time has at least one opaque layer. In many security documents, it is desirable that the document body, which is usually spliced from different plastic layers, comprises at least one opaque layer, in order to prevent, for example, at least in some regions of the document, transmission through. Although it is basically possible to stitch together documents from a plurality of transparent material layers, for example in a laminating method, and to print one of the other transparent substrate layers over a large area in order to realize an opaque background for further information and/or security features arranged in the other layers. It has been shown, however, that large-area printed substrate layers often show weaknesses in terms of delamination, i.e. separation of the document body at the edges of the originally present layer. It is therefore desirable to realize opaque layers by means of the integration of layers of an overall opaque construction, which are self-supporting.

In order to be able to provide an optically verifiable security feature in the security document, which is dependent on the viewing side and which can be used with different effects (which can be observed when viewing from different sides), it is proposed that a perforation composed of a plurality of penetrations through the opaque layer be provided in order to be able to achieve a perspective through the opaque layer. It has been shown that even in the region of planar development, a plurality of perforations are introduced, but that the tilting of the layers of the document body spliced by lamination is hardly affected.

In particular, a security document is therefore proposed, which comprises: a document body having a front side and an opposite rear side, wherein the document body is produced using at least one flat, self-supporting, opaque layer which is integrated into the document body between the front side and the rear side, wherein at least one optically verifiable security feature is formed in the document body, which has different optical effects with regard to viewing through the front side and viewing through the rear side, wherein a plurality of breakthrough portions are formed in the opaque layer and are arranged such that optical detection of the at least one optically verifiable security feature is possible both when viewing through the front side and when viewing through the rear side, wherein one of the two observations is a perspective observation, which is realized by means of the breakthrough portions in the opaque layer, and the other observation is a direct observation, which is not realized by means of the breakthrough portions, and the at least one optical security feature is configured such that different optical effects can be detected in direct view and in perspective view, the difference not being caused by the presence of the opaque layer and/or the presence of the penetration.

The security document having a document body with a front side and an opposite rear side can be authenticated by means of a method comprising the steps of: the optical effect of at least one security feature when the security feature is viewed through the front side and the other optical effect of the same at least one security feature when the same is viewed through the rear side are detected, wherein one of the two views is embodied as a perspective view in which the viewing of the at least one security feature is effected by a plurality of through-openings in a flat-extended, self-supporting, opaque layer which is integrated into the document body, and the other of the two views is embodied as a direct view in which the viewing is effected without the plurality of through-openings in the opaque layer, and the detected optical effect is compared with the other detected optical effect and authentication information is derived.

For the production of the security document, a method is proposed, which comprises the following steps: placing a plurality of penetrations into an opaque self-supporting layer; integrating an opaque layer provided with a plurality of penetrations into a document body having a front side and an opposite back side; at least one optically verifiable security feature is formed in the document body in the manner described, wherein the at least one optically verifiable security feature is formed and arranged in such a way in relation to the plurality of breakthrough portions, such that optical detection of the at least one optically verifiable security feature is enabled not only when viewed through the front side but also when viewed through the back side, one of the two observations is a perspective observation, which is effected by a penetration in the opaque layer, and the other observation is a direct observation, this is not achieved by the breakthrough portions, and the at least one optically verifiable security feature is designed such that it has different optical effects with regard to the observation of the document body through the front side and through the rear side and therefore different optical effects can be detected in the direct observation and in the perspective observation, the difference not being caused by the presence of the opaque layer and/or the presence of the breakthrough portions.

The realization of a new security document and a new method for producing a security document, which can generally be reliably verified without additional aids.

Definition of

A layer that can be realized without support by further substrate layers (hanghahbar) is referred to as self-supporting.

A layer that almost completely blocks the transmission of light in a certain wavelength range is called opaque. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the concept "opaque" relates to the following wavelength ranges of light, respectively: said wavelength range is important for the verification of the corresponding optically verifiable security document. If, for example, the optically verifiable security feature can only be verified by the use of ultraviolet light, the opaque layer is of course opaque in the wavelength range of ultraviolet light. If light from different wavelength ranges is used for authentication, an opaque layer is considered opaque in at least the following wavelength ranges: the light of the wavelength range is detected at the time of verification.

A body which is made up of different individual components which are joined together is understood to be a file body. Preferably, the plastic-based document body is spliced by a plurality of plastic layers. In particular, the following are considered as plastic materials: based on a polymeric material consisting of a group comprising PC (polycarbonate, in particular bisphenol-a-polycarbonate), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer), PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PI (polyimide or polytransisopropene), ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and copolymers of said polymers. However, the document body may also comprise other materials, for example cellulose-based materials such as paper and the like. Furthermore, the document body can also be integrated with other components, such as metal films, metal strips, exposed hologram films, as well as micromechanical components, such as microchips, devices, etc.

Particularly preferably, the document body is configured as a card-shaped document, the planar extent of which on the front side and the opposite rear side is substantially greater than the distance between the front side and the rear side.

A through-hole passing through a layer is referred to as a penetration of the layer. However, it is not necessary to fill the breakthrough portions with a material having material properties that differ at least from the material properties of the material constituting the breakthrough portions. In particular, the micropores configured as perforations are considered as penetrations.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Preferably, the plurality of breakthrough portions is only formed in locally limited areas of the opaque layer.

Particularly advantageously, the breakthrough portions can be introduced into the opaque layer by means of laser perforation. In this case, focused laser radiation, which is usually generated in pulses, is directed onto the opaque layer. The laser radiation can introduce sufficient energy locally into the opaque layer, so that the penetration is formed in the film.

The breakthrough portions are preferably produced in the form of a diameter in the range from 0.5 micrometers to 200 micrometers, particularly preferably in the range from 10 micrometers to 20 micrometers. The shape of the cross-sectional area of the penetration portion can be changed within wide limits. Preferably, the circular or elliptical cross section does not require optical elements for shaping the beam profile, since it can be produced without greater effort by means of laser radiation of lasers that are freely available in the prior art.

In a preferred embodiment, the breakthrough portions are arranged in the grid in order to achieve the highest possible transparency in the inserted multiple breakthrough portions of the opaque layer.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, a grid built up of hexagonal cells is used. One penetration is formed at each grid point. In this way, a transparency of up to about 60% transmission can be built without the layered tilt being able to be identified in the region of the plurality of penetrations.

In one embodiment, the transparent or translucent material fills the penetration into the opaque layer before or during the lamination process. Preferably, the filling is made with a plastic material that is manufactured on the same raw material as the opaque layer, however with a different opacity. If the document body is produced, for example, from a plurality of film layers which are produced on the basis of polycarbonate and are integrally dyed with opaque layers, the inserted through-openings are filled, for example, with a transparent polycarbonate-containing material. The material may be scraped off, for example, in liquid form.

It is also possible to use, by means of a printing method, an ink based on polycarbonate, which is "sucked" into the through-openings due to capillary forces, as long as the ink is printed specifically on the through-openings.

Other embodiments may provide for the use of particles based on the same polymer from which the opaque layer itself is composed for filling.

If the opaque layer is made of a base material which is different from the base material of the adjacent layer in the finished document body, it is advantageous to fill the breakthrough portions with the same material as the base material of the adjacent layer. Thereby, a reliable lamination composite is constructed by the penetration.

In summary, however, it is preferred to produce as many layers as possible, preferably all layers, of the document body on the basis of the same plastic material, since it is thus possible to produce a monolithic document body from which the phase boundaries at the original layer boundaries of the film cannot be recognized in terms of the plastic structure after the lamination process. The layer boundary, which is caused, for example, by the opaque nature of the material layer, can then only be identified by the additive.

The novel security feature is produced by the combination of a see-through window in the opaque layer, which window is formed by a through-opening, and a security feature which shows different effects depending on the observation. Diffractive structures can be used, for example, as security features, since the observable effect is dependent on the observation side.

If, for example, a hologram is used as a security feature, the hologram may be incorporated between the layers during lamination.

Volume holograms are particularly preferred since, due to the high color selectivity and angle selectivity, volume holograms can also be reconstructed with white light, i.e. light of a continuous spectrum. The information in the reflection is reconstructed from the viewing side of the reflection hologram with a defined viewing and illumination geometry, while complementary information can be approximately recognized from the opposite viewing direction with a suitable illumination and viewing direction. The transmitted light has certain wavelengths of light reflected by the hologram removed.

Another very suitable security feature is the so-called CLI feature or MLI feature. The features include an array of lens elements and optically visible indicia in the document body spaced therefrom. Preferably, the array of lens elements is stamped into the outer surface of the document body. The stamping may for example be realized by a laminate which is prefabricated during the lamination process.

Preferably, the lens array covers only a partial area of the surface so as not to obstruct the perception of other security features, which may be integrated into the document body. The lens array is thus configured above or below the plurality of penetrations in a direction predetermined by the surface normal of the front or rear side of the document body.

A particularly preferred method for constructing the lens array is a stamping method, in particular an ultrasonic stamping method, in which a Sonotrode (Sonotrode) is brought into contact with the surface of the foil or of the blank of the document body prefabricated as a composite body with the input of ultrasound and the lens structure is stamped into the surface. During insertion, the pressure application by the sonotrode can be carried out in addition to the application by means of ultrasound.

Other methods provide for structuring the lens structure by means of laser ablation.

The information stored in the document body can be embedded, for example, by laser marking, in an internally located material layer or substrate layer of the document body. Preferably, in order toThe embedded information uses already constructed lens structures for directing laser light onto the lens structures in different directions and for performing marking of the information in a material layer located below the lens structures. The material layer may comprise the following: which facilitates the absorption of the laser light in said layer without significantly limiting the transparency. For example, the marking by carbonization is carried out only in the layer. The marking light passes through the other layers which consist of the same plastic-based material. Blacking outOccurs in a focal spot onto which the respective lenses of the lens structure focus incident light. Since the focal point varies according to the direction of incidence relative to the principal axis of the lens in the document, it is possible to store different information in the document volume at different directions of incidence.

Thus, when the stored information is subsequently viewed through the lens structure, different stored information can be detected in different viewing directions depending on the viewing angle. If, viewed from the upper side, in which the lens structure is formed, an opaque layer is located below the stored information, different information components are detected as described above when the information is viewed directly, depending on the viewing angle. However, if the security features are detected from opposite sides of the document body in perspective, then static information is obtained for the information placed by the markers in the document.

A preferred security document is therefore characterized by a viewing angle dependency of the perspective view which differs from the viewing angle dependency of the direct view. This embodiment is configured such that the at least one optically verifiable security feature comprises a plurality of lens elements, with optically perceptible information being stored in the document spaced apart from the plurality of lens elements. The storage can be effected, for example, by laser marking, in particular by carbonization of a part of the transparent plastic. However, optically perceptible information can also be printed on the inner, otherwise transparent substrate layer and the lens elements can be formed in the document body with an exact orientation to the printed information.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the lens element is not formed on the surface of the document body, but rather in the interior. For this purpose, the lens structure must first be inserted into a transparent film, for example by means of an ultrasonic stamping method. The surface relief structure thus produced is subsequently filled with a transparent plastic material which has a different optical refractive index than the following materials in the finished document body, for example after a lamination process in which the document bodies are composed with one another in different layers: the layer into which the lens structure is first punched is made of the material. In this embodiment, the lens structure, the information stored in the document and the see-through window formed by a plurality of through-openings in the opaque layer are arranged relative to one another such that, for example, the see-through viewing of the security feature is dependent on the viewing angle, while the direct viewing of the security feature conveys static information. However, the following embodiments can also be implemented: where direct viewing shows angular dependence and perspective viewing shows static information.

Drawings

The invention is further elucidated below with reference to the drawing. The figures show:

FIG. 1: a schematic view of a security document with a CLI security feature and a see-through window made up of a plurality of penetrations in an opaque layer;

FIGS. 2a-2 e: different views of the security document according to fig. 1;

FIG. 3: a schematic representation of a security document comprising a reflective volume hologram as a security feature and having a see-through window constituted by a through-going portion in an opaque layer.

FIGS. 4 to 6: different embodiments of a security document having a CLI/MLI security feature and a see-through window constituted by a through-going portion in an opaque layer;

FIG. 7: a schematic view of a security document with a built-in lens structure for a CLI security feature and a see-through window made up of a plurality of penetrations in an opaque layer;

FIG. 8: a schematic diagram of a manufacturing process for a security document;

FIG. 9: schematic flow chart diagram of one embodiment of a verification method.

Detailed Description

In fig. 1, a security document 1 is shown in a schematic perspective view. The security document comprises a document body 2 which is produced from a plurality of original self-supporting layers, in particular based on plastic, which are stacked one on top of the other and laminated to one another. The body 2 consists of a transparent layer 3, a layer 4 provided for laser marking, a flat opaque layer 5 and a further transparent layer 6 from its front side 11 to its rear side 12. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the security document may be manufactured from a different number of original self-supporting layers. In the embodiment shown, the layers 3 to 6 are identical in terms of their planar extension. Other embodiments may be implemented differently in terms of extension.

Preferably, the layers are all based on the same plastic material, for example are all made of polycarbonate material. This results in that during the lamination process a monolithic document body 2 can be produced, on which no phase transition boundaries between material layers originally produced from different self-supporting layers of the same material can be identified. If, for example, two identical transparent layers are laminated to one another, the original material layer strength can no longer be ascertained in the finished document body. If, for example, a photosensitizer or pigment for improved laser markability is originally contained in the individual material layers in order to produce an opaque substrate layer, it is of course also possible to find the material layers in the finished document body in accordance with the additive. However, in monolithic file bodies, phase boundaries cannot be determined with regard to the plastic structure, which is decisive for possible delamination.

However, other embodiments may be provided in which plastic materials based on different polymers are also compounded with one another. In the respective embodiments, other joining methods such as adhesion may also be used alone or in combination. A security feature 14 is formed in the document body, which security feature depends on the viewing side.

A so-called CLI security feature 13 is constructed in the file body 2 of fig. 1. The CLI security feature 13 comprises a lens structure 15 punched into the transparent layer 3 towards the front side 11. The lens structure may for example consist of cylindrical lenses oriented parallel to each other. The cylindrical lenses may all be of identical design or may also be of different design with regard to their optical properties. Additionally, the CLI security feature 13 comprises optically detectable information 20, which is constructed, for example, by laser marking, in the transparent layer 4 specially prepared for this purpose. The optically detectable information 20 comprises a first information component 21 represented by dots and a second information component represented by crosses.

The information components 21, 22 are arranged alternately crosswise. The first information component 21 for example stores the letter "a" and the second information component 22 for example stores the letter "B". Two information components can be introduced into the document body 2 in a simple manner with full use of the lens structure 15 by means of laser radiation which is incident from the direction of incidence a23 or the direction of incidence B24 for the respective information component 21, 22. The incident laser beam is focused at different positions in the file according to the direction of incidence, so that the partial information 21, 22 is stored crosswise at different positions according to the direction of incidence.

The CLI-security feature 13 can be directly verified when viewing the front side 11. This means that the observation of the security document 1 through the front side 11 represents a direct observation. Different information components can be perceived depending on the viewing directions, which are referred to as direct viewing direction a25 and direct viewing direction B26 and correspond to the directions of incidence 24, 25. The viewing-direction-dependent information content of the stored information 21 is thus perceived upon authentication in direct viewing. The above represents the first optical effect depending on the viewing angle.

Fig. 2a and 2B respectively show a direct view through the direct viewing directions a25 and B26. If the pitch of the cylindrical lenses is selected correspondingly small, the following fact is not perceptible to a human observer: the information component is originally composed of stripes. Rather, the information component is perceived as a complete graphical display.

A plurality of openings 30 are formed in the opaque layer 5, which together form a viewing window 31. The see-through window 31 is arranged in the document body 2 relative to the CLI-security feature 13 in such a way that, by means of the rear side 12, it is possible to detect the stored information 20 of the CLI-security feature 13 via the see-through window 31. The observation through the rear side 12, which is realized by the see-through window 31, i.e. by the through-openings 30 in the opaque layer 5, is referred to as a see-through observation along the see-through observation directions C35, D36. The static information of the CLI-security feature 13, which shows an overlap of the two letters "a" and "B" upon diffuse illumination, is detected independently of the viewing direction. However, if the document is viewed in transmitted light and illuminated with directed radiation from the direction in which the letter "a" was originally stored, i.e. from the direction in which the letter "a" is visible through the lens structure 15 when viewed directly through the front side 11, the opposite "a" is perceived. The above is shown in fig. 2 d. If the document is illuminated with penetrating light with directed light from the following directions: the letter "B" is visible from that direction when viewed directly, and the reversed "B" may be perceived. Fig. 2e shows the above. Fig. 2C shows a view of the security document 2 in the perspective viewing directions C35, D36 through the rear side 12 of the security document 1 in diffuse illumination.

Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of a security document 1. In all the figures, technically identical features are provided with the same reference signs. In fig. 3, the document 2 has a reflection volume hologram 51 as the viewing-side-dependent security feature 14. When viewed directly through the front side 11, the information 53 stored in the volume reflection hologram 51 in a spectral color, for example green, is perceived upon suitable incidence of the white light 52 in the viewing direction. When viewed perspectively through the viewing window 31 formed by the transparent portion 30, complementary information 54, in which light of spectral components that have contributed to the reconstruction of the hologram is removed, is detected in a suitable perspective viewing direction. Thus, different optical effects are detected from the viewing side of the security feature 14. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments are also possible in which, for example, the volume reflection hologram 51 is reconstructed in perspective view and complementary information is perceived in direct view.

Fig. 4 schematically shows a further security document 1 in a sectional view. In the embodiment also comprising the CLI security feature 13, the stored information 20 is not embedded by laser blackening of the plastic, but rather is embedded by printing, for example, the underside of the transparent layer 3 into which the lenticular structure is stamped prior to the splicing. Thereby enabling a colored CLI-feature 13. It is to be noted here that the concepts CLI and MLI, which originally implemented security features for laser marking but are also used today for security features that depend on the viewing angle, comprise a lens structure and optical information stored at a distance therefrom, which is not generated by means of a laser.

Fig. 5 shows a sectional view of a security document similar to the security document according to fig. 1, wherein the information is stored by laser marking in a laser-marked substrate layer 4 specifically prepared for the laser marking.

In the embodiment according to fig. 6, an opaque layer 5 with a breakthrough 30 constructed therein is arranged between the lens structure 15 and the stored optically perceptible information 20. In this embodiment, the observation through the rear side 12 is considered to be a perspective observation in which the perceived information is observed through the see-through window 31. The perspective view shows an effect depending on the viewing angle. By observation through the front side 11, which is a direct observation, only the stored information 20 is perceived as static information. For example, an overlap of the letters "a" and "B" is perceived analogously to the embodiment according to fig. 1, while the letters "a" or "B" are perceived alternately in the case of a penetrating observation, depending on the observation direction.

In fig. 7, a further embodiment is shown in which the lens structure 15 of the CLI security feature 13 is not formed on the uppermost substrate layer, i.e. on the front side of the security document 2. In this embodiment, the "free space" 61 which is produced in the substrate layer 4 when the lens of the lens relief is constructed is filled with a plastic material 62 which has a refractive index which is different from the refractive index of the substrate layer 4 into which the lens relief is stamped. Another transparent layer 3 overlaps the backing layer 4 in order to make the front side 11 of the document 1 smooth and flat. Preferably, the substrate layer 4 into which the lens structure 15 was originally punched is more highly refractive than the remaining substrate layers 3,6 and than those plastic materials 62: the plastic material is used to fill the free space 61 created during the stamping. However, the following embodiments are also possible: wherein the refractive indices are selected inversely. What is important for the lens effect is only that the layer 4 into which the structures are punched and the plastic material 62 filling the free spaces 61 have different refractive indices. The embodiment according to fig. 7 is identical to the embodiments according to fig. 1, 4 and 5 with respect to the observable effect.

The manufacture of the security document is schematically illustrated in fig. 8. The substrate layers 3-6 are provided by means of different rollers 101-104, which substrate layers correspond to the substrate layers 3-6 according to the embodiment of fig. 1. In the embodiment described, the backing layer 4 intended for laser marking is printed, for example, in those areas: no CLI security features should be constructed later on the area. The remaining substrate layers may also be printed. For this purpose, one or more printing units 121 may be provided. In the case of the opaque, flat, elongate backing layer 5, the perforation 30 in the form of microperforations is formed in the perforation device 131, for example by the incidence of laser light. In the laminating device 141, the different substrate layers 3-6 are spliced into a monolithic layer composite structure 152. In the lens stamping device 151, the microlenses of the lens structure 15 are stamped into the front side 11 of the layer composite structure by means of a Sonotrode (Sonotrode).

In the laser marking device 161 different information 20 is stored in the file volume from different directions through the micro-lenses of the lens structure 15. Finally, the separating device 171 separates the security document 1 thus produced, which in the exemplary production process is identical to the security document according to fig. 1.

In the method shown, the penetration is not filled. This can be achieved because the lamination is performed with a vacuum or negative pressure being preferred. If the breakthrough portions are embodied as microperforations, it is furthermore shown that the breakthrough portions are at least not filled with an opaque backing material during the lamination process. It is also shown that the surface is also kept smooth and flat in the region of the see-through window formed below it. In other embodiments, provision may be made, for example, for the transparent plastic material used to fill the breakthrough portions to be scraped off in a scraping station (Rakelstation) (not shown) before the lamination step.

A flow chart of the authentication method is schematically outlined in fig. 9. First, a security document is provided 201. The at least one security element exhibiting different optical effects is first detected 202 with direct observation depending on the observation side. The perspective view is then made 203 through a see-through window constructed in an opaque layer. In a comparison step 204, the detected optical effect of the perspective view is compared with the detected optical effect of the direct view and processed analytically, and a validation decision is derived 205 and output 206 therefrom.

It is understood that the verification method and the production method described here merely show simple embodiments, which can be refined by additional steps.

List of reference marks

1 Security document

2 document body

3 transparent layer

4 layers for laser marking

5 opaque layer

6 transparent layer

11 front side

12 back side

13 CLI Security feature

14 security feature dependent on the viewing side

15 lens structure

20 optically detectable information

21 first information component

22 second information component

23 incident direction A

24 incident direction B

25 direct viewing direction A

26 direct viewing direction B

30 penetration part

31 perspective window

35 perspective viewing direction C

36 perspective viewing direction D

41 view in the case of direct viewing direction A

42 view in the case of direct viewing direction B

47 optical background

51 reflection hologram

52 white light

53 information

54 complementary information

101-104 roller

121 printing device

131 perforating device

141 laminating apparatus

151 lens punching device

152 layer composite structure

161 laser marking device

171 separating device

201-206 method steps

207 database

Claims

1. A security document (1) comprising:

a document body (2) having a front side (11) and an opposite rear side (12), wherein the document body (2) is produced using at least one flat, extended, self-supporting, opaque layer (5) which is integrated into the document body (2) between the front side (11) and the rear side (12), wherein the layers (3,6) on the front side (11) and the rear side (12) of the document body (2) are transparent layers;

wherein at least one optically verifiable security feature (13, 14, 51) is configured in the document body (2), said at least one optically verifiable security feature having a different optical effect with regard to the observation through the front side (11) and the observation through the back side (12),

wherein,

a plurality of penetrations (30) are formed in the opaque layer (5) and are arranged such that optical detection of the at least one optically verifiable security feature (13, 14, 51) is possible both when viewed through the front side (11) and when viewed through the rear side (12), wherein one of the two observations is a perspective observation (35, 36) which is realized by the penetrations in the opaque layer and the other of the two observations is a direct observation (25, 26) which is not realized by the penetrations, and the at least one optically verifiable security feature (13, 14, 51) is formed such that different optical effects can be detected in the direct observation (25, 26) and in the perspective observation (35, 36), said difference in the different optical effects not being caused by the presence of the opaque layer (5) and/or the presence of the penetrations (30).

2. A security document (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said at least one optically verifiable security feature (13, 14, 51) has a viewing angle dependency at least for one of said two observations.

3. A security document (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the viewing angle dependency of the perspective viewing (35, 36) is different from the viewing angle dependency of the direct viewing (25, 26).

4. A security document (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one optically verifiable security feature (13, 14) comprises a plurality of lens elements (15) spaced apart from which optically perceptible information (21) is stored in the document.

5. A security document according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said at least one security feature (14) comprises a volume hologram (51).

6. A security document as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the volume hologram (51) comprises a volume reflection hologram.

7. A method for authenticating a security document (1) having a document body (2) with a front side (11) and an opposite back side (12), wherein the document body (2) is manufactured using at least one flat, extended, self-supporting, opaque layer (5) which is integrated into the document body (2) between the front side (11) and the back side (12), wherein the layers (3,6) on the front side (11) and the back side (12) of the document body (2) are transparent layers, comprising the steps of:

detecting an optical effect of at least one security feature (14) when the security feature (14) is viewed through the front side (11), and detecting a further optical effect when the same at least one security feature (14) is viewed through the back side (12), wherein one of the two observations is embodied as a perspective observation (35, 36) in which the observation of the at least one security feature is effected by a plurality of penetrations (30) in the flat-extended, self-supporting, opaque layer (5), the opaque layer is integrated into the document body (2), while the other of the two observations is embodied as a direct observation (25, 26), in the direct observation, the observation is not performed by the plurality of penetrations (30) in the opaque layer (5), and comparing the detected optical effect with another detected optical effect and deriving authentication information.

8. A method for manufacturing a security document (1), the method comprising the steps of:

-embedding a plurality of penetrations (30) into an opaque self-supporting layer (5);

integrating an opaque layer (5) provided with the plurality of breakthrough portions (30) into a document body (2) having a front side (11) and an opposite back side (12), the front side (11) and the back side (12) of the document body (2) being composed of transparent layers (3, 6);

at least one optically verifiable security feature (14) is designed in the document body in such a way that the at least one optically verifiable security feature (14) is designed and arranged in the plurality of through-openings (30) in such a way that an optical detection of the at least one optically verifiable security feature (14) is possible both when viewed through the front side (11) and when viewed through the rear side (12), wherein one of the two observations is a perspective observation (35, 36) which is realized by a through-opening in the opaque layer and the other of the two observations is a direct observation (24, 25) which is not realized by the through-opening (30), and the at least one optically verifiable security feature (14) is designed in such a way that the security feature has a difference in the observation through the front side (11) and the observation through the rear side (12) of the document body (2) And thus different optical effects are detectable in the direct observation (25, 26) and in the see-through observation (35, 36), the difference in the different optical effects not being caused by the presence of the opaque layer and/or the presence of the penetration (30).

9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the penetration (30) is introduced into the opaque layer by means of laser perforation.

10. A method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein an opaque layer (5) provided with said plurality of penetrations (30) is laminated with other layers (3, 4, 6) to said document body (2) and said plurality of penetrations (30) are filled with a transparent or translucent material prior to or at the time of said laminating.

11. Method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the plurality of penetrations (30) is applied in a grid, which grid is constituted by hexagonal cells.